CN103954354B - Quantum standard laser power takes into account laser power measurement method - Google Patents
Quantum standard laser power takes into account laser power measurement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103954354B CN103954354B CN201410133452.7A CN201410133452A CN103954354B CN 103954354 B CN103954354 B CN 103954354B CN 201410133452 A CN201410133452 A CN 201410133452A CN 103954354 B CN103954354 B CN 103954354B
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of quantum standard laser powermeter, comprising: power testing laser device, can by the Frequency Locking of testing laser; Quantum frequency standard, to be differed with testing laser wavelength by quantum leap wavelength between energy level and is no more than ± the atom of 100nm, molecule or ion and builds; The testing laser that testing laser device can send by described power testing laser device introduces quantum frequency standard.Additionally provide a kind of implementation method of quantum standard laser powermeter, its step comprises: the Frequency Locking of the testing laser 1) sent by power testing laser device; 2) the part testing laser that the power testing laser device of Frequency Locking sends is incorporated into quantum frequency standard; 3) optical frequency shift utilizing quantum frequency standard to produce, measures the average intensity of testing laser, obtains testing laser power by demarcating.The present invention is by precision measurement optical frequency shift, and by determining theory relation, measure testing laser light intensity, and obtain corresponding laser power, its relative accuracy can be better than 10
-7magnitude.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to laser and quantum frequency standard technical field, relate to a kind of utilize atomic frequency standard to measure the atom optical frequency in-migration precision measurement laser power produced under laser action gauging instrument and laser power measurement method.
Background technology
Current light power meter and laser powermeter are substantially all realize measurement to luminous power and demarcation based on this electrooptical device of photodiode.Comprise the definition of unit of luminous intensity's candela of light source in current international base unit, be also rely on electrooptical device to measure luminous power to realize, its uncertainty measured only has 10 at present
-4magnitude.
On the other hand, quantum frequency standard (quantum jump frequency generation standard-frequency signal can be utilized to be used for carrying out the measuring apparatus of frequency and time measurement), i.e. atomic clock aspect, the Measurement sensibility degree of frequency values and uncertainty are to 10
-18magnitude.In quantum frequency standard system, can frequency shifts be produced when the jump frequency of atomic clock is subject to ambient light radiation, be called as optical frequency shift.Laser intensity added by this optical frequency shift and the external world has determines relation.
The core frequency v0 that the electromagnetic wave phase interaction of atom and respective wavelength produces, be decided by the energy difference Em-En=hv0 of upper and lower two energy levels of atom quantum leap, at this, h is Planck's constant.Because the internal state of atom is not subject to outside environmental elements interference, so its jump frequency has high stability, for realizing quantum frequency standard, i.e. atomic clock.
Quantum frequency standard can be divided into passive-type and active two kinds substantially.
1. passive-type quantum frequency standard: the quantum frequency standard relying on additional excitation of electromagnetic wave to make atom produce energy level transition spectral line to lock.Caesium atomic beam frequency marking is had, optical pumping rubidium gas cell frequency marking etc. by the typical frequency marking of this passive-type mode work.
2. active quantum frequency standard: the oscillator signal of the direct stimulated emission by being produced under the feedback of resonator cavity to the atomic system that excited state forms the reversion of population number by pumping is standard frequency source.The hydrogen atom being called as initiatively hydrogen clock swashs that to penetrate oscillator frequency marking be this kind of typical case.
After laser frequency comb comes out, there is the multiple method utilizing the absorption line of the visible light wave range of the atoms such as calcium, strontium, mercury and ion to carry out stabilized lasers frequency, namely the light clock developed rapidly in recent years, the Measurement sensibility degree of best light clock frequency values and uncertainty are to 10
-18magnitude.
The main performance index of quantum frequency standards or atomic clock is frequency stability and accuracy.Frequency stability refers within certain sample time, the relative value intensity of variation between the average frequency in each sample time, can be divided into short-term (less than one day sample time) and long-term (more than one day sample time) degree of stability.Frequency accuracy has and is called uncertainty, refers to that output frequency departs from the degree of nominal frequency, also represents with relative deviation.Bibliography: P.Kartaschoff, FrequencyandTime, AcademcPress, NewYork, London, SanFrancisco, 1978; Wang Yi is powerful waits work: " quantum frequency standards principle ", Science Press, Beijing, 1985; Liu Jinming, Zhai Zaocheng compile: " modern chronometry outline ", Shanghai scientific and technical literature publishing house, Shanghai, 1980.）
But, at present in existing documents and materials never about utilizing quantum frequency standard to improve and realizing the record of measuring accuracy of laser powermeter.
Summary of the invention
For solving the low problem of existing laser powermeter uncertainty of measurement, the object of the invention is to the superhigh precision frequency measurement superiority utilizing atomic clock, providing a kind of quantum standard laser power to take into account laser power measurement method.Have by laser intensity added by precision measurement and the external world optical frequency shift determining relation, thus measure added laser intensity, and obtain corresponding laser power, realize a kind of quantum laser power meter, its relative accuracy can be better than 10
-7magnitude.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of quantum standard laser powermeter, it comprises:
One power testing laser device, in order to the Frequency Locking by testing laser;
One quantum frequency standard, to be differed with testing laser wavelength by quantum leap wavelength between energy level and is no more than ± the atom of 100nm, molecule or ion and builds;
The testing laser that testing laser device sends by described power testing laser device introduces quantum frequency standard.
Further, described quantum frequency standard is active or passive-type.
Further, described quantum frequency standard is a micro-wave band quantum rubidium atomic frequency standard, and it comprises rubidium 87 Non-polarized lamp, and a rubidium 85 filters and steeps, one magnetic shielding cover, rubidium 87 Zhong Pao, an optical filter, one detector, a servo circuit, a radio-frequency signal generator and an Output Display Unit.
Further, described optical filter is in order to filtering testing laser.
Further, described power testing laser device is power 795nm laser instrument to be measured, comprises rubidium 85 steam bubble, the saturated spectrum detector of a rubidium 85, a saturated spectrum frequency locking circuit and some spectroscopes and catoptron.
Further, described power testing laser device can also be selected from power 780nm to be measured laser instrument, power 421nm to be measured laser instrument or power 420nm laser instrument to be measured.
Further, described quantum frequency standard can also be built by quantum leap wavelength between other energy levels and close atom, molecule or the ion of testing laser wavelength; As Cs atom 852nm wavelength, strontium atom 461nm wavelength, your length of alkaline earth metals calcium 423nm, iodine molecule 532nm wavelength, calcium ion 7229nm wavelength etc.
Present invention also offers a kind of laser power measurement method of application of aforementioned quantum standard laser powermeter, its step comprises:
1) Frequency Locking of testing laser power testing laser device sent;
2) the part testing laser that the power testing laser device of Frequency Locking sends is incorporated into quantum frequency standard;
3) optical frequency shift utilizing quantum frequency standard to produce, measures the average intensity of testing laser, obtains testing laser power by demarcating.
Present invention utilizes the superhigh precision frequency measurement accuracy of atomic clock, by the optical frequency shift that precision measurement atomic clock causes by extraneous added laser intensity, by determining theory relation, thus measure testing laser light intensity, and obtain corresponding laser power, realize a kind of quantum standard laser powermeter, its relative accuracy can be better than 10
-7magnitude.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: first, be the frequency measurement that at present accuracy is best in the world the measurement of luminous power by the optical frequency shift theoretical transformation of atomic spectral line, drastically increase the sensitivity of luminous intensity measurement, can also obtain luminous power by various calibration technique, the quantum realizing luminous power is measured and standard; The second, the frequency stability of current atom clock is to 10
-18magnitude, is locked on another high-performance atomic clock by the optical frequency shift caused by the laser treating power scale, just can realizes laser power 10
-7magnitude is power stability even better.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1, embodiment of the present invention structural representation.
In figure: 1-rubidium 87 Non-polarized lamp; 2-rubidium 85 filters bubble 2; 3-spectroscope; 4-rubidium 87 Zhong Pao; 5-optical filter; 6-detector; 7-servo circuit; 8-frequency microwave generator; 9-Output Display Unit; 10-magnetic shielding cover; 11-power 795nm laser instrument to be measured; 12-saturated spectrum frequency locking circuit; 13-rubidium 85 steam bubble; The saturated spectrum detector of 14-rubidium 85; 31-spectroscope; 32-spectroscope; 33-catoptron.
Embodiment
For making above-mentioned feature and advantage of the present invention become apparent, special embodiment below, and coordinate institute's accompanying drawing to be described in detail below.
Fig. 1 is the example structure schematic diagram of a kind of quantum standard laser powermeter of the present invention.This quantum standard laser powermeter comprises: a micro-wave band quantum rubidium atomic frequency standard, and it comprises rubidium 87 Non-polarized lamp 1, and rubidium 85 filters bubble 2, magnetic shielding cover 10, rubidium 87 clock bubble 4, optical filter 5, detector 6, servo circuit 7, frequency microwave generator 8, Output Display Unit 9.One power 795nm laser instrument 11 to be measured, it comprises rubidium 85 steam bubble 13, the saturated spectrum detector 14 of rubidium 85, saturated spectrum frequency locking circuit 12, spectroscope 32,31,3, and catoptron 33.
One in quantum standard laser powermeter micro-wave band quantum rubidium atomic frequency standard, the fluorescence that its rubidium 87 Non-polarized lamp 1 is launched, by rubidium 85 filter bubble 2 filter after, enter into magnetic shielding cover 10 rubidium 87 clock bubble 4 on rubidium atomic interaction, enter on detector 6 through filtration mating plate 5 out and produce electric signal, optical filter 5 can filtering testing laser, does not never affect the normal work of micro-wave band quantum rubidium atomic frequency standard.Detector 6 produces electric signal through servo circuit 7 to control frequency microwave generator 8 produce steep the interactional frequency of 4 Atom with atom, in microwave frequency between the frequency microwave Frequency Locking produced by frequency microwave generator 8 steeps 4 Atoms ground state level at atom, demonstrate on rate-adaptive pacemaker display 9 to the atomic clock standard frequency of user simultaneously.The laser instrument 11 of power 795nm to be measured obtains the saturated spectrum of rubidium 85 by rubidium 85 steam bubble 13 and obtain error signal on detector 14, the laser instrument 11 that this error signal feeds back to 795nm through supersaturation spectrum frequency locking circuit 12 by its Frequency Locking on the atomic spectral line of rubidium 85, particularly, utilize the saturated spectrum that rubidium 85 steam bubble produces, by the ground state 5S(F=2 of power testing laser device Frequency Locking at rubidium 85) to 5P
1/2on (F '=2) spectral line; Spectroscope 32,31,3 in light path, and catoptron 33 is respectively used to light splitting and the reflection of the laser beam of 795nm.By the guiding of aforementioned spectroscope 32,31,3 and catoptron 33, testing laser can introduce rubidium 87 Zhong Pao.
When the laser that the laser instrument of power 795nm to be measured exports do not enter rubidium 87 clock steep 4 time, Output Display Unit 9 export atomic clock standard frequency correspond to zero laser power.Once the laser that the laser instrument of 795nm to be measured exports has certain power to enter rubidium 87 clock bubble 4, the atomic clock standard frequency that Output Display Unit 9 exports will demonstrate the optical frequency shift departing from atomic clock standard frequency, and the optical frequency shift value of this display correspond to the laser power of 795nm laser to be measured.So just make use of the superhigh precision frequency measurement accuracy of atomic clock, be accurately measured the optical frequency shift that 795nm laser intensity causes, determine that theory relation calculates by existing, thus measure 795nm laser intensity to be measured, corresponding laser power is obtained by beam spatial distribution, realize a kind of quantum standard laser powermeter, its relative accuracy can be better than 10
-7magnitude.
Above-mentioned micro-wave band quantum rubidium atomic frequency standard shows the frequency change relative value of the optical frequency shift that testing laser causes by Output Display Unit 9, and by demarcating, directly can export the testing laser performance number determining frequency to be measured.
Electric current, temperature, piezoelectric scanning control circuit that above-mentioned 795nm laser instrument 11 to be measured is controlled oneself with it, for laser frequency stabilization etc., laser current used, temperature control, frequency stabilization circuit is techniques well known, therefore repeat no more.
Must be noted that, the topmost feature of above-mentioned the present invention and superior function are converted to by the known clear and definite optical frequency shift theory relation of atomic spectral line the amount that accuracy is best in the world at present frequency measurement technology can measure the measurement of luminous power, improve the sensitivity of luminous intensity measurement, and luminous power can be obtained by the various calibration techniques that existing photometer is relevant, the quantum realizing luminous power is measured and standard.In addition, the frequency stability of current atom clock is to 10
-18magnitude, is locked on another high-performance atomic clock by the optical frequency shift caused by the laser treating power scale, can also be able to realizes laser power 10
-7magnitude is power stability even better.
Above-described embodiment is only in order to principle of work of the present invention is described, but not for limiting the scope of the invention.Particularly, the present invention is suitable for transition energy level between the corresponding ground state such as alkali metal atoms such as rubidium atom, Cs atom and first, second excited state to realize quantum standard laser powermeter, also alkaline earth metals calcium, strontium atom is applicable to, gas atom helium, neon etc. and there is the molion close with testing laser wavelength realize.Such as, use Cs atom to build corresponding quantum frequency standard can measure and there is wavelength for 455nm, 459nm, the testing laser of 852nm and 894nm, utilize helium atom can measure the power of the 1064nm equiwavelength laser close with atomic transition spectral line 1083nm, the realization of its quantum frequency standard and building mode, with the atom building quantum frequency standard, between the energy level that molecule or ion have, quantum leap wavelength is close to the data such as corresponding testing laser wavelength of (i.e. difference be no more than ± 100nm), be known prior art, be well known to those skilled in the art, therefore repeat no more.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that and technical solution of the present invention modified or replaces on an equal basis, amended technical scheme can not be made to depart from spirit and the scope of technical solution of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention claims institute restriction person be as the criterion.
Claims (6)
1. a quantum standard laser powermeter, is characterized in that, comprising:
One power testing laser device, is power 795nm laser instrument to be measured, comprises rubidium 85 steam bubble, the saturated spectrum detector of a rubidium 85, and a saturated spectrum frequency locking circuit and some spectroscopes and catoptron, in order to the Frequency Locking by testing laser;
One quantum frequency standard, to be differed with testing laser wavelength by quantum leap wavelength between energy level and is no more than ± the atom of 100nm, molecule or ion and builds;
The testing laser that testing laser device sends by described power testing laser device introduces quantum frequency standard.
2. quantum standard laser powermeter as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described quantum frequency standard is active or passive-type.
3. quantum standard laser powermeter as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described quantum frequency standard is a micro-wave band quantum rubidium atomic frequency standard, comprises rubidium 87 Non-polarized lamp, and a rubidium 85 filters and steeps, one magnetic shielding cover, one rubidium 87 Zhong Pao, an optical filter, a detector, one servo circuit, a radio-frequency signal generator and an Output Display Unit.
4. quantum standard laser powermeter as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, described optical filter is in order to filtering testing laser.
5. quantum standard laser powermeter as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described power testing laser device is selected from the one in power 780nm to be measured laser instrument, power 421nm to be measured laser instrument or power 420nm laser instrument to be measured.
6. application rights requires a laser power measurement method for quantum standard laser powermeter described in any one of 1-5, and its step comprises:
1) Frequency Locking of testing laser power testing laser device sent;
2) the part testing laser that the power testing laser device of Frequency Locking sends is incorporated into quantum frequency standard;
3) optical frequency shift utilizing quantum frequency standard to produce, measures the average intensity of testing laser, obtains testing laser power by demarcating.
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| CN104393483B (en) * | 2014-11-24 | 2017-05-17 | 浙江大学城市学院 | 728nm frequency stabilized laser standard generation device and method thereof |
| CN109792131B (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2020-04-28 | 华为技术有限公司 | Wavelength locking method and laser |
| CN108917922B (en) * | 2018-07-09 | 2021-09-10 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | Quantum measurement method of laser power |
| CN110515290B (en) * | 2019-07-17 | 2020-12-22 | 北京大学 | Laser frequency stabilization method and optical system for improving performance of optical pumping cesium beam atomic clock |
| CN111413859B (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2021-07-02 | 深港产学研基地（北京大学香港科技大学深圳研修院） | Iodine molecule optical clock based on pulse modulation wide-spectrum comb-tooth laser and control method thereof |
| CN114447749B (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2024-01-02 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | Automatic locking method and system for laser frequency |
| CN114383740A (en) * | 2021-12-13 | 2022-04-22 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京长城计量测试技术研究所 | Chip wavelength standard acquisition device and wavelength measurement device |
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| CN101846965A (en) * | 2010-04-28 | 2010-09-29 | 北京大学 | Method for pumping rubidium bubble for outputting standard frequency by lamp pump rubidium gas laser and rubidium atomic clock |
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