CN101836526B - Pneumatic rape precise combined direct seeder - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of seeders, and in particular relates to a pneumatic rape precision combined direct seeding machine, which includes a frame, a rotary tillage unit, a fertilizer discharge unit, a ground wheel profiling device, an auxiliary frame, a positive and negative air pressure working unit, a positive Negative air pressure combined seed meter, furrowing unit and drive system. The machine has simple structure, compact layout, low power consumption, little damage to soil, low rate of reseeding and missed sowing, and no seed damage; it can realize the joint operation of rotary tillage, stubble breaking, ditching, sowing and fertilization. Pneumatic precision sowing saves seeds, and can greatly reduce the work of thinning and setting seedlings in the later stage of rape growth management; combined operations greatly improve production efficiency. This machine is used for precision direct seeding of rapeseed, and can also be used for precise direct seeding of other spherical small-size seeds.

Description

A Pneumatic Rapeseed Precision Combined Direct Seed Machine

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of seeding machines in agricultural machinery, in particular to a pneumatic rapeseed precision-quantity combined direct-seeding machine, and focuses on solving the problem of rapeseed precision-quantity combined direct-seeding.

Background technique

At present, the domestic rapeseed planting is still dominated by the traditional planting mode of growing seedlings first and then transplanting or artificial slipping, thinning and setting seedlings after sowing, which is labor-intensive and low in production efficiency; mechanized planting is mainly direct seeding, that is, using equipment sockets The seed drill of the wheel type seed meter mixes the rapeseed with chemical fertilizers and sediment or mixes a certain proportion of fried rapeseed in the seed before sowing, so that the seeding amount is relatively large, and the number of effective seeds sown is random, and The vertical socket wheel seed meter itself will squeeze the rapeseed during the working process and cause damage. The damaged rapeseeds will condense into balls and easily block the socket, resulting in missed seeding. The later stage seedlings and seedlings will require a lot of labor, which is difficult to achieve. Precision sowing; there is another kind of seeder that can realize precision sowing, which is to put the special paper rope that has been placed indoors with precision sowing equipment into the rapeseed according to the plant spacing into the soil according to the agronomic requirements. The operation process is cumbersome and the cost of sowing higher. Practical and efficient rapeseed precision combined direct seeding machine has become an urgent need to solve the mechanized sowing technology of rapeseed.

In recent years, there have been mechanical or pneumatic rapeseed precision combined direct seeding machines that integrate the functions of ditching, sowing, and fertilization. These machines have the advantages of high efficiency, less labor consumption, and saving farming time through multi-functional integrated operations. There are generally problems such as complex structure of the whole machine, high quality, and high power consumption.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects of traditional rapeseed seeding operations such as many procedures, high labor intensity, low production efficiency, labor and time-consuming, etc., and provide a rapeseed precision direct seeding machine with higher seeding precision and good seeding quality mixed with seed fertilizer . The invention adopts a positive and negative air pressure combined pneumatic seed metering device to realize negative pressure seed filling and positive pressure seed pushing, and no seed damage or blockage when the seed metering device is working; at the same time, rotary tillage, stubble breaking, ditching, sowing and sowing are realized. The joint operation of fertilization can complete the precision sowing of rapeseed that meets the agronomic requirements of rapeseed planting such as plant spacing, row spacing, seed fertilizer spacing, seed depth, fertilizer depth, and fertilizer amount; In the later stage of growth management, it has beneficial effects such as inter-seedling work, strong stubble removal ability, and high-quality land preparation operations, and has a simple structure, compact layout, and low power consumption.

The present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:

A pneumatic rape precision combined direct seeding machine, including a frame (5), a rotary tillage unit (6), a fertilizer discharge unit (4) and a ground wheel profiling device (1), and it also includes a sub-frame (9) , positive and negative air pressure working unit (3), positive and negative air pressure combined seed metering device (8), ditching unit (2) and transmission system (10); described positive and negative air pressure working unit (3) is located in gearbox (20 ) directly above, including positive and negative air machines (24) and positive and negative air machine supports (25); , the main beam (15) and the rear beam (16) are connected into one body through the main side plate (23); unit (21), the sub-frame (9) is connected with the rear beam (16) through the main side plate (23); Partially closed, each end face has a small hole for ventilation; the positive and negative air pressure combined seed meter (8) is installed equidistantly above the auxiliary support beam (19); the fertilizer discharge unit (4) is installed on the main side Above the plate (23); the ground wheel profiling device (1) is installed in front of the main beam (15). The rotary tillage unit (6) includes a rotary tillage combination (7) and a soil-breaking combination (13); the rotary tillage combination (7) is installed on the rotary tillage shaft (26), and is located directly below the main beam (15), and breaks the soil The combination (13) is welded on the lower front of the gearbox (20); the ditching unit (2) includes two groups of left and right side ditching combinations (14) and two groups of left and right side ditching forming combinations (18). Said side ditching combination (14) is fixed on the outside of the left and right main side plates (23), and said ditch clearing forming combination (18) is fixed on the inside of the left and right main side plates (23) and installed behind the rear beam (16).

The transmission system (10) includes a gearbox (20), a seeding shaft (32), a fertilizer shaft (31), a rotary tillage shaft (26), a transition shaft (27), a ground wheel shaft (29), positive and negative air pressure machine main shaft (28); the gearbox (20) is fixed in the middle of the main girder (15); all the power is input by the gearbox (20) and transmitted to the positive and negative air press main shaft (28) and the rotary tiller shaft (26); Another road power is input by two sets of ground wheel shafts (29) on the left and right, and is transmitted to the transition shaft (27), and is transmitted to the fertilizer discharge shaft (31) and the seed discharge shaft (32) respectively through the transition shaft (27).

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. This pneumatic rape precision combined direct seeding machine can realize combined operations such as pneumatic precision seeding, adjustable mixed fertilization, rotary tillage, stubble removal, furrow opening, and soil preparation, with less labor, high efficiency, and saving farming time. The machine has compact structure and low power consumption.

2. This pneumatic rape precision combined direct seeding machine adopts the full rotary tillage method. For uncultivated land or land covered with crop straw residues, especially for rice-oil tanker cropping system, which is the main planting system in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the stubble remains The precision sowing of rapeseed in the paddy field has strong stubble removal ability and high quality of soil preparation.

3. The ditching unit of the present invention adopts two sets of ditching combination and ditch cleaning forming combination, which have good ditch shape effect and low power consumption.

Description of drawings

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and implementation principles.

Figure 1: It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pneumatic rape precision combined direct seeding machine;

Figure 2: It is a schematic diagram of the main components such as the rack;

Figure 3: It is a schematic diagram of the positive and negative air pressure working unit;

Figure 4: It is a schematic diagram of the transmission system roadmap;

In the figure: 1. Ground wheel profiling device, 2. Ditching unit, 3. Positive and negative air pressure working unit, 4. Fertilizer discharge unit, 5. Rack, 6. Rotary tillage unit, 7. Rotary tillage combination, 8. Positive and negative air pressure combined seed metering device, 9. sub-frame, 10. transmission system, 11. upper suspension arm, 12. lower suspension arm, 13. soil breaking combination, 14. ditching combination, 15. main beam, 16. Rear beam, 17. Transition shaft unit, 18. Ditch clearing forming combination, 19. Auxiliary support beam, 20. Gearbox, 21. Negative pressure pipe unit, 22. Positive pressure pipe unit, 23. Main side plate, 24. Positive and negative Pneumatic machine, 25. Positive and negative air machine support, 26. Rotary tillage shaft, 27. Transition shaft, 28. Positive and negative air machine main shaft, 29. Ground wheel shaft, 30. Transmission shaft of gearbox, 31. Fertilizer discharge shaft, 32. seeding shaft.

Detailed ways

Embodiment 1 (the direct seeding operation of rapeseed)

The invention provides a pneumatic rapeseed precision combined direct seeding machine, comprising a frame (5), a rotary tillage unit (6), a fertilizer discharge unit (4) and a ground wheel profiling device (1), characterized in that it It also includes a subframe (9), a positive and negative air pressure working unit (3), a combined positive and negative air pressure seed metering device (8), a ditching unit (2) and a transmission system (10). The frame (5) includes a main beam (15), a rear beam (16) and two left and right main side plates (23), and the main beam (15) and the rear beam (16) are connected into one body through the main side plates (23); The sub-frame (9) includes a sub-support beam (19), a negative pressure pipe unit (21), a positive pressure pipe unit (22), and the sub-frame (9) passes through the main side plate (23) and the rear beam (16 ) are connected as a whole; both ends of the positive pressure pipe unit (22) are completely closed, and both ends of the negative pressure pipe unit (21) are partially closed, and each end face has a small hole for ventilation; the positive and negative air pressure combined seed meter (8) equidistantly installed above the auxiliary support beam (19); the described fertilizer unit (4) is installed above the main side plate (23); the described ground wheel profiling device (1) is installed on the main beam ( 15) Ahead. The positive and negative air pressure working unit (3) is located directly above the gearbox (20), and includes a positive and negative air pressure machine (24) and a positive and negative air pressure machine support (25). The rotary tillage unit (6) includes a rotary tillage combination (7) and a soil-breaking combination (13); the rotary tillage combination (7) is installed on the rotary tillage shaft (26), and is located directly below the main beam (14), and breaks the soil Combination (13) is welded in gearbox (20) lower front. The ditching unit (2) includes two sets of left and right side ditching assemblies (14) and two left and right sets of side ditch cleaning forming assemblies (18), and the side ditching assemblies (14) are respectively fixed on the left and right main On the outside of the side plate (23), the ditch clearing forming assembly (18) is respectively fixed on the inner side of the left and right main side plates (23) and installed behind the rear beam (16). The transmission system (10) includes a gearbox (20), a seeding shaft (32), a fertilizer shaft (31), a rotary tillage shaft (26), a transition shaft (27), a ground wheel shaft (29), positive and negative air pressure machine main shaft (28); the gearbox (20) is fixed in the middle of the main girder (15); all the power is input by the gearbox (20) and transmitted to the positive and negative air press main shaft (28) and the rotary tiller shaft (26); Another road power is input by two sets of ground wheel shafts (29) on the left and right, and is transmitted to the transition shaft (27), and is transmitted to the fertilizer discharge shaft (31) and the seed discharge shaft (32) respectively through the transition shaft (27).

With reference to the above technical solutions, the design and installation of the present invention will now be described by taking the rapeseed precision direct seeding machine specially designed for sowing Brassica oleracea hybrid rapeseed as an example. According to the agronomic requirements for sowing Brassica napus hybrid rape, that is, the row spacing is 300 mm, the plant spacing is 50-60 mm, the sowing depth is 10-20 mm, the fertilizer depth is 30-50 mm, and the seed-fertilizer spacing is 70-100 mm. Play 6 lines at a time. The upper suspension arm and the lower suspension arm on the main beam form a three-point suspension and are connected to the tractor. Two rotary cultivating machetes form a rotary cultivating knife group with a width of 300 mm. There are six groups in total, and the center distance between each group is 300 mm. A total of six are installed above the auxiliary support beam at an equidistance of 300mm, the middle ditching assembly is installed in front of the gearbox, the side ditching assembly and the side soil covering assembly are respectively fixed on the outer and inner side of the main side plate; the ground wheel is imitated There are two sets of devices installed in front of the main beam, one on the left and one on the right, which are used to drive the transition shaft unit. The power is output in two ways through the transition shaft unit. One way of power is used to drive six positive and negative air pressure combined seed metering devices.

When planting, the tractor pulls the live broadcast machine forward. During the walking process, the two sets of side ditching combination and side ditch cleaning combination work together to open the side ditch. The missed tillage part is broken and the soil is loosened; when the tractor is moving forward, the ground wheel drives the ground wheel shaft, and drives the fertilizer discharge shaft and the seed discharge shaft respectively through the transition shaft; the fertilizer discharge unit works under the drive of the fertilizer discharge shaft, and applies the seed fertilizer into the The ground surface is fully rotated; the seed meter works under the drive of the seed metering shaft; at the same time, the output power of the tractor drives the rotary tillage shaft and the positive and negative pressure fan main shaft through the gearbox, driving the rotary tillage unit and the positive and negative air compressor to work; The rotary cultivating scimitar fully rotates the uncultivated land; the positive and negative air machine provides negative pressure for seed suction, positive pressure for seed push, and the pushed out seeds fall into the seed bed, thus completing the entire sowing process.

The precision combined direct seeding of rapeseeds solved by the present invention can realize combined operations such as pneumatic precision sowing, adjustable mixed fertilization, rotary tillage, stubble removal, furrow opening, and soil preparation, with less labor, high efficiency, and saving farming time. The whole machine has a compact structure and low power consumption; it adopts the full rotary tillage method, which is suitable for uncultivated land or land covered with crop straw residues, especially for the rice-tank cropping system of the main planting system in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The precision sowing of rapeseed in the field has strong stubble removal ability and high quality of soil preparation; the ditching unit adopts two sets of ditching combination on the left and right and a combination of ditch cleaning and forming, which has good ditch shape effect and low power consumption.

The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention without limitation. Those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent replacements to the technical solutions of the present invention should be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention. fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. Pneumatic rape precise combined direct seeder; Comprise frame (5), rotary tillage unit (6), fertilizer unit (4) and land wheel copying device (1); It is characterized in that it also comprises secondary frame (9), positive and negative air-pressure working cell (3), positive and negative air-pressure combined seed-sowing mechanism (8), trench digging unit (2) and transmission system (10); Said positive and negative air-pressure working cell (3) is positioned at directly over the gearbox (20), comprises positive and negative air-pressure machine (24) and positive and negative air-pressure machine support (25); Said frame (5) comprise girder (15), the back rest (16) and about two master plates (23), the girder (15) and the back rest (16) link into an integrated entity through master plate (23); Described secondary frame (9) comprises secondary brace summer (19), forward voltage diode unit (22), negative pressure pipe unit (21), and secondary frame (9) is connected as a single entity through the master plate (23) and the back rest (16); Two ends, said forward voltage diode unit (22) complete closed, the sealing of negative pressure pipe unit (21) two end portions, end face respectively has an aperture ventilation; Equidistant secondary brace summer (19) top that is installed on of described positive and negative air-pressure combined seed-sowing mechanism (8); Described fertilizer unit (4) is installed in master plate (23) top; Described land wheel copying device (1) is installed on girder (15) the place ahead; Said rotary tillage unit (6) comprises rotary tillage combination (7) and the combination (13) of breaking ground; Rotary tillage combination (7) is contained on the rotary tillage shaft (26), and be positioned at girder (15) under, the combination (13) of breaking ground is welded on gearbox (20) inferoanterior; About described trench digging unit (2) comprises two groups of sides trench digging combination (14) with about two groups of side ditch cleaning moulding make up (18); Left and right sides master plate (23) outside is fixed in said side trench digging combination (14), and said ditch cleaning moulding combination (18) is fixed in left and right sides master plate (23) inboard, is installed on the back rest (16) rear; Said transmission system (10) comprises gearbox (20), feed shaft (32), fertilizer expelling shaft (31), rotary tillage shaft (26), transition axis (27), land axle (29), positive and negative air-pressure machine main shaft (28); Said gearbox (20) is fixed in the middle of the girder (15); One road power passes to positive and negative air-pressure machine main shaft (28) and rotary tillage shaft (26) by gearbox (20) input; Another road power by about two the cover land axles (29) input, pass to transition axis (27), pass to fertilizer expelling shaft (31) and feed shaft (32) respectively through transition axis (27).

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