CN101836022A - 波纹管 - Google Patents

波纹管 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101836022A
CN101836022A CN200880112958A CN200880112958A CN101836022A CN 101836022 A CN101836022 A CN 101836022A CN 200880112958 A CN200880112958 A CN 200880112958A CN 200880112958 A CN200880112958 A CN 200880112958A CN 101836022 A CN101836022 A CN 101836022A
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bellows
preferred
pig
fluid
edge
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克里斯琴·德根
亚历克斯·格雷戈里安
拉尔夫·赛伯
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
    • F16L11/04—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
    • F16L11/11—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with corrugated wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/18—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
    • F01N13/1805—Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body
    • F01N13/1811—Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body with means permitting relative movement, e.g. compensation of thermal expansion or vibration
    • F01N13/1816—Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body with means permitting relative movement, e.g. compensation of thermal expansion or vibration the pipe sections being joined together by flexible tubular elements only, e.g. using bellows or strip-wound pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
    • F16L11/26—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of sound-absorbing materials or with sound-absorbing structure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L27/00—Adjustable joints, Joints allowing movement
    • F16L27/10—Adjustable joints, Joints allowing movement comprising a flexible connection only, e.g. for damping vibrations
    • F16L27/107—Adjustable joints, Joints allowing movement comprising a flexible connection only, e.g. for damping vibrations the ends of the pipe being interconnected by a flexible sleeve
    • F16L27/108—Adjustable joints, Joints allowing movement comprising a flexible connection only, e.g. for damping vibrations the ends of the pipe being interconnected by a flexible sleeve the sleeve having the form of a bellows with only one corrugation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L27/00—Adjustable joints, Joints allowing movement
    • F16L27/10—Adjustable joints, Joints allowing movement comprising a flexible connection only, e.g. for damping vibrations
    • F16L27/107—Adjustable joints, Joints allowing movement comprising a flexible connection only, e.g. for damping vibrations the ends of the pipe being interconnected by a flexible sleeve
    • F16L27/11—Adjustable joints, Joints allowing movement comprising a flexible connection only, e.g. for damping vibrations the ends of the pipe being interconnected by a flexible sleeve the sleeve having the form of a bellows with multiple corrugations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L51/00—Expansion-compensation arrangements for pipe-lines
    • F16L51/02—Expansion-compensation arrangements for pipe-lines making use of bellows or an expansible folded or corrugated tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L51/00—Expansion-compensation arrangements for pipe-lines
    • F16L51/02—Expansion-compensation arrangements for pipe-lines making use of bellows or an expansible folded or corrugated tube
    • F16L51/022—Expansion-compensation arrangements for pipe-lines making use of bellows or an expansible folded or corrugated tube with a single corrugation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L51/00—Expansion-compensation arrangements for pipe-lines
    • F16L51/02—Expansion-compensation arrangements for pipe-lines making use of bellows or an expansible folded or corrugated tube
    • F16L51/03—Expansion-compensation arrangements for pipe-lines making use of bellows or an expansible folded or corrugated tube comprising two or more bellows
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L55/02—Energy absorbers; Noise absorbers
    • F16L55/033—Noise absorbers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
  • Diaphragms And Bellows (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于传输流体的波纹管(10)，包括一用于输送流体的管体(12)。该波纹管(10)还具有至少一个径向向外延伸的、用于所述管体(12)的运动补偿的环形吊袋(14)。按照本发明，所述管体(12)沿流动方向(18)通过用于分离流体流的尖棱的导流器边缘(20)从所述管体(12)过渡到所述吊袋(14)。通过流体流在导流器边缘(20)的分离，避免了流体流入吊袋(14)，由此创造了一种可易于制造的、具有小的流动阻力的波纹管(10)。

Description

波纹管
本发明涉及一种波纹管，借助于该波纹管可以传输流体，尤其是气体或液体，其中，该波纹管设计为局部波纹状，以便能够实现运动补偿。
例如由DE 2948065A1公开了一种波纹管，其具有基本上圆柱形的管体，在该管体上连接有多个用于所述管体的运动补偿的吊袋。所述吊袋径向向外延伸并且设计为环形。为了优化波纹管内部的流动，吊袋的侧面具有相向的、背切的突出部，使得流过的流体不流入吊袋。
这种类型的波纹管的缺点是，背切的突出部的制造在加工工艺上很麻烦，并因此昂贵并耗费时间。
本发明所要解决的技术问题是创造一种波纹管，其易于制造并且具有小的压力损失。
按照本发明，该技术问题通过权利要求1所述的特征解决。本发明有利的设计在各从属权利要求中给出。
按本发明的波纹管为传输流体具有管体，流体通过所述管体传输，并且流体可以流过所述管体。该波纹管还具有至少一个径向向外延伸的环形吊袋，用于管体的运动补偿。按照本发明，管体沿流动方向通过尖棱的、用于分离流体流的导流器边缘从管体过渡到吊袋。
尽管波纹管的几何形状在径向有变化，通过尖棱的导流器边缘却避免了流体流沿着波纹管的表面流入吊袋。导流器边缘导致流体流从波纹管的表面分离，因此，吊袋可以这样地确定尺寸，即，使得分离的流体流在刚经过吊袋之后可以再次紧贴在波纹管的表面上。尤其不需要设置背切部或者伸入吊袋中的突出部，以便在很大程度上避免由于吊袋增大流动阻力。因此，波纹管的这种几何形状实现了波纹管的简单的制造，而不必增大流动阻力。试验表明，按本发明的波纹管相比类似的波纹管(其中吊袋为U形，带有倒圆的、在管体和吊袋之间的过渡区域)具有减小约10％的流动阻力。此外，将测到明显更小的噪声。
导流器边缘尤其可以设计为直角的，其中可以存在与直角的一定偏差，而不明显增大流动阻力。为了形成导流器边缘，管体和吊袋可以围成一个夹角α，其中45°≤α≤135°，尤其80°≤α≤120°，优选90°≤α≤110°，尤其优选90°≤α≤100°。
为了避免导流器边缘的损坏和/或为了简化导流器边缘的制造，导流器边缘可以具有长度为l的倒角，其中，0mm≤l≤3.0mm，尤其是0mm≤l≤2.0mm，优选0mm≤l≤1.0mm，并且尤其优选0mm≤l≤0.5mm。
为了避免导流器边缘的损坏和/或使得导流器边缘能够简单地制造，可以进一步设计为，导流器边缘具有半径R，其中0mm≤R≤1.0mm，尤其是0mm≤R≤0.75mm，优选0mm≤R≤0.5mm，进一步优选0mm≤R≤0.25mm并且尤其优选0mm≤R≤0.1mm。
吊袋优选具有与导流器边缘对置的过渡区域，其中，该过渡区域沿流动方向从基本上径向的取向持续地延伸到基本上轴向的取向。通过过渡区域可以实现从吊袋到连接在其上的管体或另一吊袋的逐渐过渡，其设计为基本上没有凸肩和没有棱角。因此，在导流器边缘上分离的流体体可以不在过渡区域中形成涡流的情况下贴靠在波纹管的表面上。该过渡区域尤其优选倒圆并且尤其具有半径R1，其中2.0mm≤R1≤6.0mm，尤其2.5mm≤R1≤5.0mm，优选3.0mm≤R1≤4.0mm。因此，过渡区域具有可易于制造的简单几何形状。
在一种优选的实施形式中，吊袋具有连接在该导流器边缘上的、基本上径向延伸的第一侧面。与第一侧面相对置的基本上径向延伸的第二侧面。为了形成吊袋，还可以通过倒圆的、尤其是弧形的区域将第一侧面和第二侧面相互连接。第一侧面和第二侧面相互间具有间距d，其中1.5mm≤d≤6.0mm，尤其是1.5mm≤d≤5.0mm，优选2.0mm≤d≤4.0mm并且尤其优选2.5mm≤d≤3.5mm。这种几何形状导致大到足以实现波纹管的运动补偿的吊袋。另一方面，吊袋同时足够小，使得在导流器边缘分离的流体流不会流入吊袋。
尤其优选的是在波纹管中设置多个吊袋，其各个导流器边缘相互间具有间距D，其中5.0mm≤D≤15.0mm，尤其是7.5mm≤D≤12.5mm，优选9.0mm≤D≤12.0mm，并且尤其优选10.5mm≤D≤11.5mm。通过该间距D保证，在之前的导流器边缘上分离的流体流可以再次贴靠在波纹管的表面上，使得在下一侧导流器边缘再次实现流体流的分离。
管体和至少一个吊袋可以由柔性的、尤其是橡胶弹性的材料一体地制造。一方面，这实现了波纹管的良好运动补偿，而另一方面导致波纹管更容易制造，例如通过注塑天然或人造橡胶。
本发明还涉及一种用于汽车的内燃机，其具有如上所述、构造和扩展的波纹管。借助于至少一个波纹管可以将空气导入内燃机的气缸中，以便能够在气缸中燃烧燃料。还可以借助于这种波纹管输送例如从气缸排出的废气，以便将废气排到周围环境中。此外，波纹管还可以与涡轮增压器连接，其中，分别有一个波纹管与涡轮增压器的相应输入和/或输出连接。还可以通过这种类型的波纹管传输冷水，例如为了冷却内燃机的至少一个气缸。由于波纹管的流动阻力减小需要更小的功率来使流体导过所述波纹管。这导致内燃机改进的功率和CO2-排放量减少。
以下参照附图根据一种优选的实施形式详细说明本发明。
图1是按本发明的波纹管的示意剖视图。
在图1中以局部剖切的方式示例性示出的波纹管10具有管体12，在所示的实施形式中，在该管体12上连接有两个吊袋14。管体12和吊袋14相对于一条对称轴线16旋转对称地构造，因此，相对管体12径向向外延伸的吊袋14设计为环形。管体12沿流动方向18在吊袋14的起点通过导流器边缘20尖棱地过渡到吊袋14。为了形成导流器边缘，管体12和吊袋14构成α＝90°的夹角。
与导流器边缘20相对地构造有一过渡区域22，该过渡区域设计为倒圆的，并且具有半径R1＝4.0mm。
吊袋14具有径向延伸的第一侧面24和径向延伸的第二侧面26，所述第一和第二侧面相互之间具有间距d＝3.0mm。第一侧面24与第二侧面26通过半径R2＝1.5mm相互连接。
两个相邻的导流器边缘20具有间距D＝11.0mm。
附图标记清单
10波纹管
12管体
14吊袋
16对称轴线
18流动方向
20导流器边缘
22过渡区域
24第一侧面
26第二侧面

Claims (10)

1.一种用于传输流体的波纹管，包括一用于输送流体的管体(12)和至少一个径向向外延伸的、用于所述管体(12)的运动补偿的环形吊袋(14)，其特征在于，所述管体(12)沿流动方向(18)通过用于分离流体流的尖棱的导流器边缘(20)从所述管体(12)过渡到所述吊袋(14)。
2.如权利要求1所述的波纹管，其特征在于，所述管体(12)和所述吊袋(14)为形成所述导流器边缘(20)围成一个夹角α，其中45°≤α≤135°，尤其80°≤α≤120°，优选90°≤α≤110°，尤其优选90°≤α≤100°。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的波纹管，其特征在于，所述导流器边缘(20)具有长度为l的倒角，其中0mm≤l≤3.0mm，尤其是0mm≤l≤2.0mm，优选0mm≤l≤1.0mm，并且尤其优选0mm≤l≤0.5mm。
4.如权利要求1至3之一所述的波纹管，其特征在于，所述导流器边缘(20)具有半径R，其中0mm≤R≤1.0mm，尤其是0mm≤R≤0.75mm，优选0mm≤R≤0.5mm，进一步优选0mm≤R≤0.25mm并且尤其优选0mm≤R≤0.1mm。
5.如权利要求1至4之一所述的波纹管，其特征在于，所述吊袋(14)具有与所述导流器边缘(20)对置的过渡区域(22)，其中，该过渡区域(22)沿流动方向(18)从基本上径向的取向连续地延伸到基本上轴向的取向。
6.如权利要求5所述的波纹管，其特征在于，所述过渡区域(22)是倒圆的，并且尤其具有半径R1，其中2.0mm≤R1≤6.0mm，尤其2.5mm≤R1≤5.0mm，优选3.0mm≤R1≤4.0mm。
7.如权利要求1至6之一所述的波纹管，其特征在于，所述吊袋(14)具有连接在所述导流器边缘(20)上的、基本上径向延伸的第一侧面(24)和与所述第一侧面(24)相对置的、基本上径向延伸的第二侧面(26)，其中，所述第一侧面(24)和所述第二侧面(26)相互间具有间距d，其中1.5mm≤d≤6.0mm，尤其是1.5mm≤d≤5.0mm，优选2.0mm≤d≤4.0mm并且尤其优选2.5mm≤d≤3.5mm。
8.如权利要求1至7之一所述的波纹管，其特征在于，设置多个吊袋(14)，其各个导流器边缘(20)相互间具有间距D，其中5.0mm≤D≤15.0mm，尤其是7.5mm≤D≤12.5mm，优选9.0mm≤D≤12.0mm，并且尤其优选10.5mm≤D≤11.5mm。
9.如权利要求1至8之一所述的波纹管，其特征在于，所述管体(12)和所述至少一个吊袋(14)由柔性的、尤其是橡胶弹性的材料一体地制造。
10.一种用于汽车的内燃机，带有如权利要求1至9之一所述的波纹管(10)，用于向气缸输送空气和/或用于传输废气和/或用于传输冷水。
CN200880112958A 2007-10-24 2008-10-24 波纹管 Pending CN101836022A (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007050655.6 2007-10-24
DE102007050655A DE102007050655A1 (de) 2007-10-24 2007-10-24 Wellenschlauch
PCT/EP2008/009034 WO2009053096A2 (de) 2007-10-24 2008-10-24 Wellenschlauch

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CN101836022A true CN101836022A (zh) 2010-09-15

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US (1) US20100300569A1 (zh)
CN (1) CN101836022A (zh)
DE (1) DE102007050655A1 (zh)
GB (1) GB2466595B (zh)
RU (1) RU2010120659A (zh)
WO (1) WO2009053096A2 (zh)

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CN102734567A (zh) * 2011-03-29 2012-10-17 诺马德国有限责任公司 定向流体管路

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WO2009053096A3 (de) 2009-07-09
US20100300569A1 (en) 2010-12-02
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GB2466595B (en) 2013-01-16
WO2009053096A2 (de) 2009-04-30
GB2466595A (en) 2010-06-30
DE102007050655A1 (de) 2009-04-30

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