CN101830789B - 一种环己酮的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种环己酮的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- BFCFYVKQTRLZHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1Cl BFCFYVKQTRLZHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- KUDPGZONDFORKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-chloroaniline Chemical compound ClNC1=CC=CC=C1 KUDPGZONDFORKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910016569 AlF 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003426 co-catalyst Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanol Chemical compound OC1CCCCC1 HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- -1 aliphatic alcohols Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 208000012839 conversion disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexene Chemical compound C1CCC=CC1 HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KQCMTOWTPBNWDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dichloroaniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl KQCMTOWTPBNWDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- AKCRQHGQIJBRMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloroaniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1Cl AKCRQHGQIJBRMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- AEBJDOTVYMITIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trichloro-2-nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=C(Cl)C=C(Cl)C=C1Cl AEBJDOTVYMITIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NATVSFWWYVJTAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-trichloroaniline Chemical compound NC1=C(Cl)C=C(Cl)C=C1Cl NATVSFWWYVJTAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSNSCYSYFYORTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chloroaniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 QSNSCYSYFYORTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002292 Nylon 6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N epsilon-caprolactam Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCN1 JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
一种环己酮的制备方法,以氯代苯胺或氯代硝基苯为原料,以水和低级脂肪醇为溶剂,在金属负载催化剂体系下进行氢化反应,反应条件为:温度100℃~260℃,压力1~8Mpa,经分离得到环己酮。本发明同现行制备方法相比,过程更为简捷,并具有原料易得,反应转化率、选择性接近100%,过程不产生环己醇,分离简便等特点,适宜于工业化生产。
Description
【所述技术领域】
本发明属于一种环己酮的制备方法。
【背景技术】
环己酮是合成纤维尼龙6及尼龙66的单体己内酰胺和己二酸的主要原料,也是医药、涂料、染料等精细化学品的重要中间体。现有的环己酮合成方法有:环己烷氧化法[CN1240659C],苯酚加氢法[王鸿静,项益智等.催化学报,2009,30(9):933-938]和环己烯水合法[CN1156425C]。苯酚加氢法合成环己酮工艺是最早应用于工业化生产环己酮的工艺,有气相加氢和液相加氢两种,具有工艺简单,但是环己醇的生成很难抑制,且原料苯酚的来源以及价格限制了其工业应用。环己烷氧化法合成环己酮是目前工业上使用最广泛的方法,但是此过程中容易生成多种氧化副产物,工业上采用了低转化率(一般<10%)、高选择性(80%左右)的方法。20世纪80年代日本旭化成开发了环己烯水合制环己醇工艺,环己烯水合法包括水合生成环己醇和脱氢生成环己酮两步反应。需要指出的是,在上述路线中,环己酮和环己醇的分离问题是不可避免的,而环己酮和环己醇的沸点十分接近,要得到高纯度环己酮的工艺十分复杂。
【发明内容】
为克服现有技术的上述不足,本发明旨在提供一种环己酮的制备方法,该法综合了现有制备方法的优点,具有原料易得、价格低廉,以及转化率高、选择性好的优点,且过程不产生环己醇、分离简便。
为实现上述目的,本发明采取了如下技术方案:
一种环己酮的制备方法,其特征是:以氯代苯胺或氯代硝基苯为原料,以水和低级脂肪醇为溶剂,在金属负载催化剂体系下进行氢化反应,反应条件为:温度100℃~260℃,压力1~8Mpa,经分离得到环己酮;反应式为:
X=NH2或NO2。
具体实施时,所述氯代苯胺为:
具体实施时,所述氯代硝基苯为:
具体实施时,所述金属负载催化剂分主助催化剂,其中主催化剂为Rh、Pd、Pt、Ni的一种,负载量0.1~10%(wt);助催化剂为Se、Ca、Sr、Ba、La、Sn的一种,负载量0.01~10%(wt);载体为活性炭、硅藻土、沸石、γ-Al2O3、AlF3、MgO的一种。
具体实施时,所述低级脂肪醇为甲醇、乙醇或异丙醇其中的一种或几种。
具体实施时,所述氢化过程中,氢化试剂优先选用氢气,也可采用生物质制氢,氢化反应温度优选150℃~180℃,反应时间2~20h。
本发明以氯代苯胺或氯代硝基苯为原料,在金属负载催化氢化条件下反应,获得高纯度环己酮产品。与目前国内普遍采用的方法相比,过程更为简捷,并具有原料易得,反应转化率、选择性接近100%,过程不产生环己醇,分离简便等特点,适宜于工业化生产。
【附图说明】
图1为本发明反应式。
【具体实施方式】
参见图1。催化剂的制备采用浸渍、共沉淀等方法制备。将一定量的La(NO3)·6H2O等体积浸渍到γ-Al2O3上,浸渍过夜后在120℃下干燥5h,500℃下焙烧5h获得La-Al2O3。接着将一定浓度的H2PdCl4水溶液浸渍到La-Al2O3上,浸渍2h后用NaOH调节溶液pH值到8-10,继续搅拌浸渍过夜后用蒸馏水洗涤溶液至中性。再在120℃下干燥5h,500℃下焙烧5h,使用前在180℃活化3h。
[实施例1]
在300ml反应釜中依次加入制备得到的1.5%(wt)Pd/La-Al2O3催化剂1g,利用H2置换釜内空气3次后升温至180℃,并在H2气氛下维持2h。催化剂还原后往釜内加一定量的甲醇、水(甲醇和水总量150ml)和2,4-二氯苯胺(1g)。再次通H2置换釜内空气,待反应温度升至180℃恒温反应6h,反应液经过滤、分离得到环己酮,纯度99.9%,2,4-二氯苯胺转化率100%,环己酮的选择性100%。
[实施例2-15]
原料、催化剂、反应温度、溶剂改变,其它过程同实施例1,见下表:
表一氯代苯胺或氯代硝基苯加氢合成环己酮实验数据
实施例 | 原料 | 催化剂 | 反应温度℃ | 溶剂 | 转化率% | CHN选择性(%) |
例2 | 2,4,6-TCA | Pd1.0 | 180 | 甲醇+水 | 98.5 | 90.7 |
例3 | 2,4,6-TCA | Pd0.5-La | 180 | 甲醇+水 | 100 | 98.8 |
例4 | 2,4,6-TCA | Pt1.0-La | 180 | 甲醇+水 | 100 | 97.6 |
例5 | 2,4,6-TCA | Pd1.5-La | 180 | 甲醇+水 | 100 | 99.0 |
例6 | 2,4,6-TCA | Pd2.5-La | 180 | 甲醇+水 | 100 | 94.6 |
例7 | 2,4,6-TCA | Pd3.0-La | 180 | 甲醇+水 | 100 | 92.1 |
例8 | 2,4,6-TCA | Pd3.0-La | 160 | 甲醇+水 | 100 | 94.4 |
例9 | 2,4,6-TCA | Pd3.0-La | 190 | 甲醇+水 | 97.5 | 32.5 |
例10 | 2,4,6-TCA | Pd3.0-La | 200 | 甲醇+水 | 99.8 | 17.8 |
例11 | PCA | Pd1.0-La | 180 | 甲醇+水 | 100 | 85.1 |
例12 | OCA | Pd1.0-La | 180 | 甲醇+水 | 100 | 89.7 |
例13 | 2,4,6-TCA | Pd1.0-La | 180 | 乙醇+水 | 100 | 86.8 |
例14 | 2,4,6-TCA | Pd1.0-La | 180 | 异丙醇+水 | 100 | 81.4 |
例15 | 2,4,6-TNB | Pd1.0-La | 180 | 甲醇+水 | 100 | 98.3 |
CHN:cyclohexanone;PCA:p-chloroaniline;OCA:o-chloroaniline;2,4-DCA:2,4-dichloroaniline;2,4,6-TCA:2,4,6-trichloro aniline;2,4,6-TNB:2,4,6-Trichloronitrobenzene.
[实施例16]
按实施例1,在内径8mm固定床不锈钢反应器中进行。反应温度为220℃,反应压力为3.5MPa,混合液体的时空速率为1.2h-1,恒温反应5h,反应液经过滤、分离得到环己酮,纯度99.9%,2,4-二氯苯胺转化率≥99.9%,环己酮的选择性99.1%。
[比较实施例]
在内径8mm固定床不锈钢反应器中进行。催化剂(预先用H2(30ml/min)在200℃下原位还原3h)用量1.0-2.0g,n(H2O)/n(CH3OH)=8,苯酚浓度为0.2mol/L,反应温度为220℃,反应压力为3.5MPa,混合液体的时空速率为1.2h-1.反应产物经分离,得到环己酮、环己醇混合液(其中环己酮含量为73.4%(wt)),苯酚转化率≥99.9%。
说明:本发明不仅限于以上具体实施例,行业技术人员可利用本发明直接或间接导出的变形,均应视为本发明保护范围。
Claims (2)
2.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征:氢化过程中,氢化试剂为氢气,氢化反应温度为150℃~180℃,反应时间2~20h。
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CN104003858B (zh) * | 2014-06-04 | 2015-11-18 | 河北工业大学 | 一种由硝基苯加氢直接合成环己酮的方法 |
CN103980100B (zh) * | 2014-06-04 | 2015-10-28 | 河北工业大学 | 苯胺加氢直接合成环己酮的方法 |
CN110898853B (zh) * | 2019-12-19 | 2022-05-17 | 太原理工大学 | 一种苯酚加氢制备环己酮的催化剂及其制备方法 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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GB848615A (en) * | 1958-11-14 | 1960-09-21 | Basf Ag | Improvements in the production of cyclohexanone |
GB874864A (en) * | 1958-10-01 | 1961-08-10 | Basf Ag | A process for the production of cyclohexanone |
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GB874864A (en) * | 1958-10-01 | 1961-08-10 | Basf Ag | A process for the production of cyclohexanone |
GB848615A (en) * | 1958-11-14 | 1960-09-21 | Basf Ag | Improvements in the production of cyclohexanone |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
张铸等.催化加氢脱氯法.《农药三废处理和去毒——工业过程与技术》.1987, * |
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