CN101828508A - Method for rapidly promoting assimilation of nitrate in vegetables planted by soilless culture technology - Google Patents
Method for rapidly promoting assimilation of nitrate in vegetables planted by soilless culture technology Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for rapidly promoting the assimilation of nitrate in vegetables planted by the soilless culture technology. The supply of original cultural nutrient solution is stopped 2 to 5 days before the harvest of the vegetables, and molybdate treating solution is supplied; meanwhile, the illumination intensity reaches more than 120 mu mol.m<-2>.s<-1> through natural illumination and artificial supplementary illumination, and the 6 to 20 hours of illumination time in each day is ensured. Under certain light intensity assistance, the molybdate treating solution can stably, controllably and significantly reduce the content of nitrate in the vegetables; and compared with the processing methods in the prior art, the method has the advantages of short processing time, no pollution or yield reduction, capacity of comprehensively lowering the content of notrite in blades and petioles, saving the nutrient resource, and the like; therefore, the method can be widely used in the production of facility vegetables planed in soilless cultivation mode and vegetables in plant factories.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the vegetable soilless culture technology, the assimilation of nitrate in the particularly quick promotion vegetable soilless culture body, thus reduce the method for nitrate content in soilless-cultivated vegetable in a short time.
Background technology
Facility cultivation is the important channel that northern vegetables in improper season produce, and plays leading role to satisfying winter-spring season urban and rural residents vegetables demand.China's facilities vegetable area has reached more than 300 ten thousand hectares, occupies first place in the world.Yet facility soil cultivation continuous cropping obstacle, resource environment negative effect are serious day by day, quality of vegetable chemical substance (agricultural chemicals, nitrate) exceeding standard rate height.Vegetables, especially leaf vegetables is the nitrophilous crop, and amount of nitrogen sucking is big, and nitrate is easy to accumulate in the vegetables body in the body, content is often up to more than the 4000mg/kg, and the daily intaking amount of urban and rural residents has often surpassed the limit value of The World Health Organization (WHO) and FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation) (FAO).Be subjected to the influence of cladding material and building enclosure light-shading effect, intensity of illumination is usually less than outdoorly in the facility, and the vegetables photosynthetic rate is low, has aggravated the levels of accumulation of vegetable nitrate, and is particularly serious under the low condition of successive cloudy days or atmospheric transparency.
Studies show that excessive absorption nitrate causes methemoglobinemia easily, perhaps combine and to form strong carcinogenic substance nitrosamine, bring out the canceration of digestion with secondary amine.Since human body take in nitrate more than 80% from vegetables, the nitrate content that exceeds standard in the vegetables has constituted serious threat to the mankind's diet health.For this reason, the limit standard of vegetable nitrate has been formulated in countries in the world, to ensure quality of vegetable safety and human health.How to control Nitrate in Vegetable, improving the vegetable nitrate compliance rate is the problem that current people generally are concerned about, the diet health that this not only is related to people also has direct influence to national Vegetables Export Trade Within.At present, soil cultivation makes the nitrate content control of facility soil cultivation vegetables lack effective method, quality-improving difficulty so far because of nutrient in the soil and the difficult control of moisture.
The soilless culture of vegetables facility has become the important method of vegetables in improper season production in the world, in state's extensive uses such as Holland, Japan, Korea S.But having, this method produces in the anniversary, vegetable growth speed height, and output is big, and numerous advantages that facilities environment and vegetables rhizospheric environment are easy to manage are facilities vegetable factory cultures, particularly the optimization cultivation method of plant factor vegetables production.Similar to soil cultivation, soilless culture is faced with the difficult problem that the vegetable nitrate accumulation exceeds standard equally.Moreover the higher easier luxury that causes nitrate of nitrogen level and validity absorbs and accumulation exceeds standard in the nutrient solution.In 30 years, the scientific research personnel forms Modulatory character based on advantage-nutrient solution of soilless culture always and has carried out the research exploration, in the hope of obtaining effectively to reduce the method for nitrate salts content of vegetable in the past.Sum up, the nutrient solution control method of several reduction nitrate of having reported is as follows: (1) uses the nitrate nitrogen in organic nitrogen such as amino acid and the acyl amino moiety replacement nutrient solution; (2) in nutrient solution, add to infiltrate and leave son under order; (3) nitrate concentration in the reduction nutrient solution; (4) adjust the level of supply of nitrate nitrogen in the nutrient solution according to light intensity magnitude.Said method all is process control, complicated operation, effect instability, the negative effect that often causes constant rate of production to reduce.1996, Mozafar reported a kind of method that reduces vegetable soilless culture nitrate (Plant Foods for HumanNutrition, 1996,49,155-162), promptly before gathering, replace cultivating nutrient solution (containing 15mM ammonium nitrate) with no nitrogen nutrition liquid.Result of study shows, can significantly reduce the content of spinach nitrate and improve Vc content after the processing in several days.But this method is because no nitrogen supply often causes output to descend.Dong Xiaoying and Li Shijun have carried out before gathering the nitrogen amount that reduces in a variety of Chinese cabbage nutrient solution or have added to infiltrate on the basis of removing nitrate nitrogen and left test (plant nutrition and the fertilizer journal of son with the Nitrate Accumulation of attempting to reduce a variety of Chinese cabbage under order, 2003,9 (4): 447-451).The result shows, behind the nitrate nitrogen in removing nutrient solution, adds Cl in nutrient solution
-, SO
4 2-, malate ion, sorbic acid radical ion, acetate ion be the effective measures that reduce water culture a variety of Chinese cabbage Nitrate Accumulation, but the time of gathering after handling can not postpone too of a specified duration, only reduce that nitrogen fertilizer amount can make output descend rapidly in the nutrient solution, add to infiltrate and leave son under order and can alleviate because of removing the decline of the yield of pakchoi that nitrogenous fertilizer causes.Said method is just replaced out nitrate and is entered assimilation storehouse (cytoplasm) from storage vault (vacuole), can not be from the assimilation utilization of photosynthetic aspect control nitrate, probably in practice process because of low light level weather such as successive cloudy days cause treatment effect not good enough, do not reach expection decrement target.So said method is just from monofactor, treatment effect is unstable and uncontrollable.The removal of nitrate depends on that quicken in storage vault decrement, assimilation storehouse and the increase of metabolizing enzym activity, and the collaborative nitrate of could stably controlling in a short time of each link is to desirable level, and be not subjected to weather condition about.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the defective of prior art, a kind of method that can promote the vegetable soilless culture nitrate assimilation fast is provided, under the prerequisite that guarantees yield of vegetables and quality, reduce nitrate content in the vegetables body.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of method of rapidly promoting assimilation of nitrate in vegetables planted by soilless culture technology, the former cultivating nutrient solution of days stop supplies of the 2-5 before vegetables are gathered, and supply with the molybdate treatment fluid, make intensity of illumination reach 120 μ molm by natural lighting and artificial light filling simultaneously
-2S
-1More than, and assurance light application time every day was at 6-20 hour.
High light intensity condition can significantly increase the photosynthesis of vegetables, raw materials such as sufficient carbon skeleton and reductant are provided for the nitrate assimilation utilization, make that nitrate is able to quick removal in the assimilation storehouse, impel nitrate in the storage vault to transfer to the assimilation storehouse and reach the purpose that reduces vegetable nitrate.Molybdenum acid ion can improve nitrate reductase activity, increases the assimilation speed of nitrate from the enzymatic link.Simultaneously, the assimilation products that nitrate assimilation produced of enhancing can satisfy the demand of vegetables nitrogen nutrition in a short time, therefore adopts the method to carry out no matter vegetables length breeding time is little to the biomass influence in the short-term processing procedure.
In the method for the invention, described molybdate is preferably ammonium molybdate, and the interpolation of ammonium is a kind of effective householder method that reduces nitrate content in the vegetables body.The concentration of molybdenum acid ion is 5 * 10 in the test
-5Doubly all in the valid density scope, promptly being suitable for concentration is 5 * 10 for mmol/L, the 0.1-10 of this concentration
-6～5 * 10
-4Mmol/L.
The molybdate treatment fluid can be with running water, purify waste water or distilled water disposes, and general requirement of used salt is the above rank of chemical pure, avoids containing harmful element and interference element.
The liquid supply rate of molybdate treatment fluid is the 0.5-1 amount (by volume) doubly of normal nutrition liquid measure, to save the liquid manure resource.
In the method for the present invention, carry out artificial light filling according to the natural daylight light intensity and handle, make intensity of illumination reach 120 μ molm
-2S
-1More than, the best is 200-800 μ molm
-2S
-1Processing time is 2-5 days, can accumulate nitrate content and weather condition and specifically determines according to vegetables; Every day, light application time guaranteed to be preferably 12-20 hour at 6-20 hour.
The inventive method makes the intensity of illumination of vegetables reach certain threshold value by light filling and natural daylight, and the high-quality vegetables of producing protonitrate content are handled in the collaborative cultivation of using the molybdate treatment fluid to carry out simultaneously 2-5 days.The molybdate treatment fluid that the present invention adopts is down collaborative in certain light intensity, can significantly reduce to stable and controllable the content of nitrate in the vegetables body.Test of many times result shows, substitutes former cultivating nutrient solution with this treatment fluid before results and can reduce the nitrate content (blade and petiole) at each position in the vegetables body comprehensively in several days.Compare with existing processing method, have the following advantages: (1) processing time is short, and is pollution-free, do not reduce output, can reduce nitrate content in blade and the petiole comprehensively; (2) composition is simple, and concentration is low, has saved a large amount of nutrient resources, has reduced cost and manpower and materials; (3) the waste treatment pendular ring is protected, and nonnitrogenous phosphor contaminant discharges pollution-free; (4) assurance of light intensity can make nitrate reduction effect controllability significantly improve, and has effect accurately; (5) being widely used in facilities vegetable does not have soil and plants with plant factor vegetables and produce.
Embodiment
Further describe the present invention below by embodiment, but the scope that does not limit the present invention in any way.
Embodiment 1
1.1 test material, experimental scheme:
Grow seedlings: in seedling-cultivating tray, put into vermiculite, sow Italian romaine lettuce seed (the annual romaine lettuce of anti-the bolting), water rice seedling on watered bed.Water nutrient solution after emerging, promote growth.After growing to 35 days, seedling transplants processing.The romaine lettuce plantlet of transplant is continued to cultivate to small-sized soilless culture bed, adopt pancebrin to cultivate.21 liters of small-sized cultivation bed volumes are with the ventilation of Atman EP-9000 air pump (wound star Electrical Appliances Co., Ltd).Cultivate and test to being transplanted to experimental system after 21 days, test basin length * wide * height is 30cm * 20cm * 12cm, and volume is 7 liters.Tested on April 24th, 2009 and transplant to cultivate, every dish 4 young plants of growing were handled 3 days, and every day, light application time more than 12 hours was ventilated with Atman EP-9000 air pump, evening on the 27th sampling and measuring.2 days is cloudy weather during the processing, and average intensity is less than 80 μ molm in the greenhouse
-2S
-1(Holland produces spectrophotometer).
3 processing are established in test altogether: handle 1, pancebrin (containing the 4mmol/L nitrate nitrogen); Handle 2, ammonium molybdate (50 * 10
-6Mmol/L); With processing 3, distilled water.Full nitrogen nutrition formula of liquid: 0.75mmolL
-1K
2SO
40.5mmolL
-1KH
2PO
40.65mmolL
-1MgSO
40.1mmolL
-1KCl; 0.5mmolL
-1CaCI
22.0mmolL
-1NH
4NO
31.0 * 10
-3MmolL
-1H
3BO
31.0 * 10
-3MmolL
-1MnSO
41.0 * 10
-4MmolL
-1CuSO
45.0 * 10
-6MmolL
-1(NH
4)
6M
O7O
241.0 * 10
-3MmolL
-1ZnSO
40.1mmolL
-1EDTA-Fe (FeSO
47H
2O+EDTA).The initial pH value of nutrient solution is 6.0.
1.2 test results and analysis:
As shown in Table 1, shine under the condition than low light in the processing phase, the chlorophyll content of handling romaine lettuce does not have influence (table 1).Usually, the chlorophyll content of crop leaf and its nitrogen nutrition level are proportionate.Can conclude that the nitrogen nutrition of romaine lettuce is not subjected to the influence of treatment fluid.Compare ammonium molybdate (50 * 10 with the pancebrin processing
-6Mmol/L) treatment fluid has significantly reduced the nitrate content in the romaine lettuce blade, has reduced by 35.6% than pancebrin.This shows that the ammonium molybdate treatment fluid is effective in the effect that reduces the romaine lettuce nitrate content under the light conditions, may be relevant with its multiple mechanism of action.Distilled water is handled the nitrate content fail significantly to reduce in the romaine lettuce body, shows that treatment fluid that no nitrogen does not have a nutritive element can not effectively reduce the nitrate content in the romaine lettuce.
Table 1 different disposal liquid is to the influence of romaine lettuce blade SPAD and nitrate content
Annotate: in the same row, different lowercases (a, b and c) are represented the significance of difference between processing, p＜0.05 in the table.
Embodiment 2
2.1 test material, experimental scheme:
On January 21st, 2010 beginning, on January 26th, 2010 sampling and measuring, the processing time is 5 days.Testing index comprises each position of romaine lettuce (young leaves, expansion leaf and petiole) nitrate content, and the chlorophyll content of young leaves and expansion leaf (being the SPAD value).Adopt spectrometer to carry out the mensuration of light intensity.
Two intensities of illumination are established in test altogether: high intensity of illumination (120-800 μ molm
-2S
-1) and low light shines intensity, and (shelter from heat or light, illumination reduces about 50%, range of light intensity 60-400 μ molm
-2S
-1); Being divided into 2 sons under each light treatment handles: handle 1, pancebrin (containing the 10mmol/L nitrate nitrogen); Handle 2, ammonium molybdate, 5 * 10
-5Mmol/L; Every day, light application time was more than 10 hours.
Pancebrin prescription: 5.0mmolL
-1Ca (NO
3)
20.75mmolL
-1K
2SO
40.5mmolL
-1KH
2PO
40.1mmolL
-1KCl; 0.65mmolL
-1MgSO
41.0 * 10
-3MmolL
-1H
3BO
31.0 * 10
-3MmolL
-1MnSO
41.0 * 10
-4MmolL
-1CuSO
45.0 * 10
-6MmolL
-1(NH
4)
6M
O7O
241.0 * 10
-3MmolL
-1ZnSO
40.1mmolL
-1EDTA-Fe (FeSO
47H
2O+EDTA).The initial pH value of nutrient solution is 6.0.
The test vegetable material is a romaine lettuce, and kind is Italian romaine lettuce, November 15 2009 time after the field planting, and by cultivation bed water planting, beginning on January 21st, 2010, romaine lettuce is transplanted and is carried out the treatment fluid test before will gathering in the crops.Gather romaine lettuce biomass average out to 28.6 gram of pre-treatment.Romaine lettuce is transplanted on the small-sized cultivation bed, in adorn 21 liters of treatment fluids or nutrient solution (each is handled and sees Table 2).The small-sized cultivation bed of rectangle is long * and wide * height is 100cm * 30cm * 6cm, 21 liters of volumes, the every dish 4 strain romaine lettuce of growing, the centre is a ventilation hole, with the ventilation of AtmanEP-9000 air pump (wound star Electrical Appliances Co., Ltd).
Nutrient solution is respectively handled in table 2 test or treatment fluid is formed and concentration
2.2 test results and analysis:
(1) different disposal liquid is handled the romaine lettuce young leaves and is launched the influence of leaf SPAD
As shown in Table 3, compare with pancebrin, treatment fluid does not have influence to romaine lettuce young leaves and expansion leaf SPAD.Because the SPAD value becomes positive correlation with the plant leaf blade total nitrogen content, is not subjected to the influence of various treatment fluids so this result of the test shows romaine lettuce blade nitrogen nutrition.Thus, this treatment fluid processing of short time can not have a negative impact to the nutrient health and the biomass of romaine lettuce.
Table 3 different disposal liquid is handled romaine lettuce young leaves and expansion leaf SPAD down
Annotate: in the same row, different lowercases (a and b) are represented the significance of difference between processing, p＜0.05 in the table.
(2) different disposal liquid is handled back romaine lettuce young leaves, is launched leaf and petiole nitrate content
As shown in Table 4, compare with pancebrin, treatment fluid has reduced the romaine lettuce young leaves significantly, has launched the nitrate content at leaf and each position of petiole.The light intensity height reduces each position nitrate content of romaine lettuce to treatment fluid appreciable impact.Under the low light intensity, treatment fluid reaches 65.6%, 49.4% and 25.5% to the reduction amplitude of young leaves, expansion leaf and petiole nitrate content.And three kinds of treatment fluids reach 72.9%, 81.8% and 68.9% to young leaves, the reduction amplitude of launching leaf and petiole nitrate content under high light intensity.With regard to nitrate range of decrease mean value, and to compare under the low light intensity condition, the young leaves of romaine lettuce under the high light intensity condition, the reduction amplitude of launching nitrate content in leaf and the petiole exceed 7.3,32.4 and 43.4 percentage points.Therefore, in processing procedure, guarantee that certain intensity of illumination is very important, suitable light intensity can promote the efficient of molybdate treatment fluid nitrate content in reducing romaine lettuce.
Table 4 different disposal liquid is handled back romaine lettuce young leaves, is launched leaf and petiole nitrate content
Annotate: in the same row, different lowercases (a and b) are represented the significance of difference between processing, p＜0.05 in the table.
Claims (6)
1. the method for a rapidly promoting assimilation of nitrate in vegetables planted by soilless culture technology, the former cultivating nutrient solution of days stop supplies of the 2-5 before vegetables are gathered, and supply with the molybdate treatment fluid, make intensity of illumination reach 120 μ molm by natural lighting and artificial light filling simultaneously
-2S
-1More than, and assurance light application time every day was at 6-20 hour.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described molybdate is an ammonium molybdate.
3. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the concentration of molybdenum acid ion is 5 * 10 in the described molybdate treatment fluid
-6～5 * 10
-4Mmol/L.
4. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the liquid supply rate of described molybdate treatment fluid is 0.5-1 a times of cultivating nutrient solution liquid supply rate.
5. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described intensity of illumination is 200-800 μ molm
-2S
-1
6. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, every day, light application time was 12-20 hour.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102144503A (en) * | 2010-12-15 | 2011-08-10 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | Method for improving quality of foliage vegetables by utilizing short-term continuous illumination |
| CN102365925A (en) * | 2010-12-29 | 2012-03-07 | 中国科学院地球化学研究所 | Method for determining ability of plant on using nitrate |
| CN103563642A (en) * | 2013-11-22 | 2014-02-12 | 湖南省农业生物资源利用研究所 | Cultivation method of eggplants with low nitrate content |
| CN104145801A (en) * | 2014-09-10 | 2014-11-19 | 扬州大学 | Living vegetable culture method for reducing content of nitrate in leaf vegetables |
| CN104541865A (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2015-04-29 | 苏州市农业科学院 | Cultivation method for reducing nitrate content of leaf vegetables |
| CN106577211A (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2017-04-26 | 华南农业大学 | Method for reducing potassium content of hydroponic vegetables through potassium-free nutrient solution |
| WO2024077469A1 (en) * | 2022-10-11 | 2024-04-18 | 山东省蚕业研究所 | Method for efficiently cultivating mesembryanthemum crystallinum |
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| CN101273697A (en) * | 2008-05-14 | 2008-10-01 | 河北农业大学 | Control technique for reducing nitrates accumulation in Chinese chive |
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| CN101273697A (en) * | 2008-05-14 | 2008-10-01 | 河北农业大学 | Control technique for reducing nitrates accumulation in Chinese chive |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102144503A (en) * | 2010-12-15 | 2011-08-10 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | Method for improving quality of foliage vegetables by utilizing short-term continuous illumination |
| CN102144503B (en) * | 2010-12-15 | 2012-11-14 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | Method for improving quality of foliage vegetables by utilizing short-term continuous illumination |
| CN102365925A (en) * | 2010-12-29 | 2012-03-07 | 中国科学院地球化学研究所 | Method for determining ability of plant on using nitrate |
| CN103563642A (en) * | 2013-11-22 | 2014-02-12 | 湖南省农业生物资源利用研究所 | Cultivation method of eggplants with low nitrate content |
| CN103563642B (en) * | 2013-11-22 | 2014-12-03 | 湖南省农业生物资源利用研究所 | Cultivation method of eggplants with low nitrate content |
| CN104145801A (en) * | 2014-09-10 | 2014-11-19 | 扬州大学 | Living vegetable culture method for reducing content of nitrate in leaf vegetables |
| CN104541865A (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2015-04-29 | 苏州市农业科学院 | Cultivation method for reducing nitrate content of leaf vegetables |
| CN106577211A (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2017-04-26 | 华南农业大学 | Method for reducing potassium content of hydroponic vegetables through potassium-free nutrient solution |
| CN106577211B (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2020-04-21 | 华南农业大学 | Method for reducing potassium content of hydroponic vegetables by using potassium-free nutrient solution |
| WO2024077469A1 (en) * | 2022-10-11 | 2024-04-18 | 山东省蚕业研究所 | Method for efficiently cultivating mesembryanthemum crystallinum |
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