CN101812146A - 一种汽油清净分散剂的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种汽油清净分散剂的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN101812146A
CN101812146A CN200910231152A CN200910231152A CN101812146A CN 101812146 A CN101812146 A CN 101812146A CN 200910231152 A CN200910231152 A CN 200910231152A CN 200910231152 A CN200910231152 A CN 200910231152A CN 101812146 A CN101812146 A CN 101812146A
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CN101812146B (zh
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车春玲
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SHANDONG XINGHUO INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY SERVICE Co.,Ltd.
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种汽油清净分散剂的制备方法,采用下述步骤:先将聚异丁烯和正辛烷加入反应釜搅拌均匀后通氯气,于100~150℃反应3~6h后,冷却减压抽出体系残留的Cl2和HCl,得氯化聚异丁烯;然后再向其中通入过量氨气,于100~200℃反应5~8h,得聚异丁烯胺;将聚异丁烯胺、甲醛、咪唑于100~180℃,2.0~5.0MPa下加氢催化反应2~5h,冷却、过滤蒸馏、脱水即得。采用本发明的方法所制得的清净分散剂既能有效地抑制燃油系统内部生成沉积物,又能迅速清除燃油系统已经生成的沉积物,从而确保发动机动力性能正常发挥,延长燃油系统的保养期。

Description

一种汽油清净分散剂的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种汽油清净分散剂的制备方法。
背景技术
随着汽车工业的快速发展,我国汽车的保有量在迅速增加,伴随着汽车给人们生产、生活带来方便的同时,也加大了石油资源的消耗与尾气有害物质的排放。另外,汽车在运行状态中,发动机由于供氧不足不能完全燃烧、发动机熄火后滞存汽油挥发蜡质和胶质受热变硬、油品质量等问题会形成积炭,积炭对发动机正常工作影响很大,比如导致气门关闭不严、进气阀或排气阀漏气、爆震等。为解决以上问题,则需在油品中加入清静分散剂。
然而,目前已公开的车用清净剂如CN1133873A、CN1167136A、CN1227866A中主要有效成分为聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺,普通的聚异丁烯和矿物油载液,这种类型的汽油清净剂对汽油发动机的喷油嘴、进气阀有良好的保洁和清洗作用,可有效的抑制和清洗汽油发动机在这些部位形成积炭。但是,这种类型的汽油清净剂将燃油进气系统中清洗下来的积炭带到燃烧室,因此,含有这种类型的市售汽油清净剂会使燃烧室的沉积物明显增加。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种燃料油和润滑油的清净分散剂聚异丁烯羰基咪唑亚胺及其制备方法,其制备方法如下:
(1)将分子量为800~1300的聚异丁烯和正辛烷加入反应釜中,搅拌均匀后通入氯气,升温至100~150℃,反应3~6h后,冷却至室温,减压于180~230mmHg下抽出体系残留的Cl2和HCl,得氯化聚异丁烯;所述正辛烷体积(ml):聚异丁烯质量(g)=1.5-2.5,氯气和聚异丁烯的摩尔比为0.8~1.2;
(2)向氯化聚异丁烯中通入过量氨气,升温至100~200℃,反应5~8h,得聚异丁烯胺;
(3)向高压反应釜中加入上述所得聚异丁烯胺、甲醛、咪唑和Raney镍催化剂,通入氢气,于100~180℃,2.0~5.0Mpa下反应2~5h,得反应液;其中,聚异丁烯胺、甲醛和咪唑的摩尔比为1∶1∶1,Raney镍催化剂为聚异丁烯胺、甲醛和咪唑总质量的5%。
(4)将上述反应液冷却、过滤蒸馏、脱水即得。
使用本发明所得产品中主要成分为聚异丁烯羰基咪唑亚胺(含量在85.3-93.6%之间),其结构式如下:
Figure G2009102311521D00021
(结构式中,R为聚异丁烯基团),另外产品中还含有未反应完全的聚异丁烯胺及不可避免的溶剂残留等杂质,而聚异丁烯胺本身对燃油也具有一定的清净分散作用,另外,本发明清静分散剂中咪唑环还具有抗磨缓蚀功能。
本发明的方法所制得的清净分散剂既能有效地抑制燃油系统内部生成沉积物,又能迅速清除燃油系统已经生成的沉积物,从而确保发动机动力性能正常发挥,延长燃油系统的保养期。
具体实施方式
实施例1
(1)将235.23g平均分子量为800的聚异丁烯溶解在500ml正辛烷溶剂中,通入0.29mol氯气,升温至100℃,反应6h后,冷却至室温,减压于180mmHg下抽出体系残留的Cl2和HCl,得氯化聚异丁烯;
(2)向氯化聚异丁烯中通入过量氨气,升温至100℃,反应5h,得聚异丁烯胺;
(3)向高压反应釜中加入聚异丁烯胺80.0g、甲醛3.0g、咪唑6.8g,加入Raney镍催化剂4.56g,通入过量氢气,于100℃,2.0Mpa下反应2h,得反应液;
(4)将上述反应液冷却、过滤蒸馏、脱水即得本发明的清净分散剂产品。
实施例2
(1)将354.46g平均分子量为1300的聚异丁烯溶解在600ml正辛烷溶剂中,通入0.27mol氯气,升温至120℃,反应3h后,冷却至室温,减压于230mmHg下抽出体系残留的Cl2和HCl,得氯化聚异丁烯;
(2)向氯化聚异丁烯中通入过量氨气,升温至150℃,反应6h,得聚异丁烯胺;
(3)向高压反应釜中加入聚异丁烯胺130g、甲醛3.0g、咪唑6.8g,加入Raney镍催化剂7.06g,通入氢气,于180℃,5.0Mpa下反应5h,得反应液;
(4)将上述反应液冷却、过滤蒸馏、脱水即得本发明的清净分散剂产品。
将本发明实施例1和实施例2所得清净分散剂分别按照100ppm的添加量添加到93#汽油中,与未添加本发明产品的93#汽油做空白对照,行车测试检测结果如表1:
表1
  测试项   空白对照  添加实施例1产品后  添加实施例2产品后
  进气阀沉积物IVD/mg   85.3  45.7  40.3
  燃烧室沉积物CCD/mg   76.3  52.6  45.3
  喷嘴处沉积物PFI/mg   79.2  65.8  50.8

Claims (1)

1.一种汽油清净分散剂的制备方法,其特征是采用下述步骤:
(1)将分子量为800~1300的聚异丁烯和正辛烷加入反应釜中,搅拌均匀后通入氯气,升温至100~150℃,反应3~6h后,冷却至室温,减压于180~230mmHg下抽出体系残留的Cl2和HCl,得氯化聚异丁烯;所述正辛烷体积(ml)∶聚异丁烯质量(g)=1.5-2.5,氯气和聚异丁烯的摩尔比为0.8~1.2;
(2)向氯化聚异丁烯中通入过量氨气,升温至100~200℃,反应5~8h,得聚异丁烯胺;
(3)向高压反应釜中加入上述所得聚异丁烯胺、甲醛、咪唑和Raney镍催化剂,通入氢气,于100~180℃,2.0~5.0Mpa下反应2~5h,得反应液;其中,聚异丁烯胺、甲醛和咪唑的摩尔比为1∶1∶1,Raney镍催化剂为聚异丁烯胺、甲醛和咪唑总质量的5%;
(4)将上述反应液冷却、过滤蒸馏、脱水即得。
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CN101260329A (zh) * 2008-04-18 2008-09-10 东南大学 汽油和柴油清净分散剂专用的聚异丁烯胺及其制备方法
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