CN101794893A - Hydrogen storing unit and coupled fuel cell - Google Patents
Hydrogen storing unit and coupled fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN101794893A CN101794893A CN201010120265A CN201010120265A CN101794893A CN 101794893 A CN101794893 A CN 101794893A CN 201010120265 A CN201010120265 A CN 201010120265A CN 201010120265 A CN201010120265 A CN 201010120265A CN 101794893 A CN101794893 A CN 101794893A
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 505
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- 229910002335 LaNi5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hydrogen storing unit for a coupled fuel cell, comprising a hydrogen storing container, at least one gas inducting channel and hydrogen storing materials. The hydrogen storing container is internally provided with at least two hydrogen storing cavities which are sealed from the outside and are parallel to each other. The gas inducting channel is formed in the hydrogen storing container and penetrates through the at least two hydrogen storing cavities, and hydrogen can enter or flow out of the hydrogen storing cavities through the gas inducting channel. The hydrogen storing materials are filled in the hydrogen storing cavities. According to the hydrogen storing unit, the hydrogen storing cavities are mutually parallel and have smaller diameters, which is beneficial to the uniform distribution of the temperature of the inner hydrogen storing materials and can better prevent the hydrogen storing materials from being powdered, thereby the service life of the hydrogen storing materials is prolonged. In addition, the hydrogen storing unit can be well coupled with a fuel cell monomer in structure, thereby realizing effective thermal management of the hydrogen storing unit and the fuel cell. The invention also discloses the coupled fuel cell provided with the hydrogen storing unit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the Hydrogen Energy field, especially relate to a kind of coupled mode hydrogen fuel cell and use therein hydrogen storing unit.
Background technology
Fuel cell is a kind of uninterruptable power generation device that the fuel and the chemical energy in the oxidant of outside supply are transformed into electric energy.Since fuel battery power density and energy density height, clean and effective, and the power bracket broadness all has a wide range of applications in every field such as micro power, portable power source, vehicular engine, stationary electric power plants.
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells near practicability mainly adopts hydrogen to act as a fuel at present, mainly adopts three kinds of storage hydrogen modes: high-pressure gaseous storage hydrogen, low temperature liquid storage hydrogen and the solid-state Chu Qing of metal hydride etc.These three kinds storage hydrogen modes have all obtained application in fuel-cell vehicle at present.Wherein, high-pressure gaseous storage hydrogen generally adopts the light-weight metal tank body to add fiber and twines the mode that strengthens, and Chu Qing, to put hydrogen convenient, and cost is minimum, but hydrogen-storage density is little; Low temperature liquid storage hydrogen mode storage of hydrogen amount is big, but the tank body complexity need be kept low temperature, and is with high costs; The solid-state storage hydrogen of metal hydride mode adopts alloy to store hydrogen, and hydrogen storage content is bigger, and shortcoming is that storage hydrogen mass ratio is lower.
For the solid-state storage hydrogen of metal hydride mode, the reaction that hydrogen bearing alloy is inhaled hydrogen generation metal hydride is exothermic reaction, thermal discharge is according to different hydrogen bearing alloy kinds difference to some extent, and for example the storage hydrogen thermal discharge of LaNi5 is 30kJ/mol H2, and Mg2Cu storage hydrogen thermal discharge is 72.8kJ/mol H2.Owing to have such heat release, endothermic process, the hydrogen bearing alloy jar just must be considered storage hydrogen, put the thermal management in the hydrogen process.A kind of design of coupled fuel cell is disclosed at Chinese patent ZL200710175260.2, hydrogen storing unit is positioned in the middle of two fuel cells, the heat that discharges in the time of can either utilizing operation of fuel cells like this heats for hydrogen storing unit so that the stable release of hydrogen, can utilize the characteristic that hydrogen bearing alloy is put the hydrogen heat absorption to partially absorb the used heat that discharges in the operation of fuel cells process again, realize the coupling of thermal management.But, in this patent, only proposed hydrogen storing unit and comprised storage hydrogen cavity, hydrogen filler port, hydrogen passage etc., and do not provided actual more effectively hydrogen storing unit structure.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to solve at least one of technical problem that exists in the prior art.
For this reason, first purpose of the present invention is to propose the hydrogen storing unit that is used for coupled fuel cell that reality is effective, can realize good structure coupling with fuel cell.
The hydrogen storing unit that is used for coupled fuel cell of first embodiment according to the invention comprises: hydrogen storage vessel, be provided with in the described hydrogen storage vessel and extraneous at least two storage hydrogen cavitys that seal, and described at least two storage hydrogen cavitys are parallel to each other; At least one air guide channel, described air guide channel is formed in the described hydrogen storage vessel, is suitable for the storage hydrogen cavity that hydrogen entered or flowed out described hydrogen storage vessel, and described air guide channel runs through described at least two storage hydrogen cavitys; And hydrogen storage material, described hydrogen storage material is loaded in described storage hydrogen cavity.
According to the hydrogen storing unit that is used for coupled fuel cell of the present invention, parallel to each other and diameter is less between its storage hydrogen cavity, can be beneficial to the even distribution of interior reservoir hydrogen material temperature, can prevent the hydrogen storage material efflorescence better, thereby prolong the life-span of hydrogen storage material.And this hydrogen storing unit can be realized good structure coupling with fuel cell, thereby realizes the heat management of effective hydrogen storing unit and fuel cell.
In addition, the hydrogen storing unit that is used for coupled fuel cell of first embodiment according to the invention also has following additional technical feature:
Described hydrogen storage vessel is flat cube, and described storage hydrogen cavity is formed in the flat sides of described hydrogen storage vessel, and described air guide channel be formed on the perpendicular flat sides of described storage hydrogen cavity in.
Described storage hydrogen cavity is the column cavity of an end opening, and its openend can be realized the filling and the sealing of hydrogen storage material easily with the sealing of storage hydrogen cavity sealing plug.
Described air guide channel is the elongate column passage of an end opening, and its openend also can be realized the filling and the sealing of hydrogen storage material easily with the sealing of air guide channel sealing plug.
Further be provided with the porous wireway in the described air guide channel, described porous wireway is communicated with described air guide channel at least with described two storage hydrogen cavity fluids.
Described air guide channel sealing plug is provided with the hydrogen gateway; And described hydrogen storage vessel is provided with the hydrogen Vomitory that is communicated with described hydrogen gateway.
Described hydrogen storing unit further is formed with the hydrogen air inlet and distributes passage and hydrogen exhaust to distribute passage, and described hydrogen air inlet distributes passage and hydrogen exhaust to distribute passage to run through two bigger sides of area of described hydrogen storage vessel respectively.
Further be formed with air inlet and distribute passage and air exhaust to distribute passage on two bigger sides of the area of described hydrogen storage vessel, described air inlet distributes passage and air exhaust to distribute passage to run through two bigger sides of area of described hydrogen storage vessel respectively.
At least on described hydrogen storage vessel, further be formed with and be used for the coolant flow channel that cooling air flows.
Described hydrogen storing unit further comprises: the hydrogen runner, and on one of two sides that the area that described hydrogen runner is formed on described hydrogen storage vessel is bigger, and described hydrogen runner distributes passage and hydrogen exhaust to distribute passage to be connected with described hydrogen air inlet respectively; And air flow channel, described air flow channel is formed on the another side of described two sides, and described air flow channel distributes passage and described air exhaust to distribute passage to be connected with described air inlet respectively.
Described hydrogen storage vessel is formed by light-weight metal, can be in the weight storage hydrogen rate that guarantees to improve when storage hydrogen requires hydrogen storing unit.
Described hydrogen storage vessel surface-coated has coating, but described coating can be conducted electricity and anticorrosion.
Described hydrogen storage material is for storing up the hydrogen heat release, putting the hydrogen storage material of hydrogen heat absorption.
According to the hydrogen storing unit that is used for coupled fuel cell of the present invention, on the one hand, this structural design has increased the surface area of hydrogen storage vessel, a hydrogen storing unit liberated heat part can be passed through surface radiating when filling hydrogen, another part can utilize the fan heat radiation of fuel cell, thereby has avoided the too high and inefficacy that causes of hydrogen storage material temperature; On the other hand, realized coupling on hydrogen storing unit of the present invention and the fuel cell structure, liberated heat can directly be absorbed by hydrogen storing unit during operation of fuel cells, as stable thermal source, can make hydrogen storing unit stable discharge hydrogen.
Second purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of coupled fuel cell of putting hydrogen capacity and stablizing release hydrogen that improves.
Coupled fuel cell according to second embodiment of the present invention comprises: aforesaid hydrogen storing unit; And fuel cell, described fuel cell is arranged between the adjacent hydrogen storing unit, described hydrogen storing unit with hydrogen provide to described fuel cell to react with air.
According to coupled fuel cell of the present invention, its hydrogen storing unit can be realized good structure coupling with fuel cell, thereby realizes the heat management of effective hydrogen storing unit and fuel cell, and, can improve and put hydrogen capacity and stablize release hydrogen.
In addition, the coupled fuel cell according to second embodiment of the present invention also has following additional technical feature:
In first kind of execution mode, described fuel cell further comprises: membrane-electrode unit, and hydrogen and air react by described membrane-electrode unit; And the fuel cell unipolar plate that is formed on the both sides of membrane-electrode unit, be formed with hydrogen runner that is suitable for flow hydrogen gas and the air flow channel that is suitable for air flows on the both sides of described fuel cell unipolar plate respectively, wherein said hydrogen runner is suitable for receiving the hydrogen that described hydrogen storing unit provides.
In second kind of execution mode, described fuel cell comprises membrane-electrode unit, and wherein hydrogen and air react by described membrane-electrode unit; Be formed with the hydrogen runner that is suitable for flow hydrogen gas on the larger side face of hydrogen storage vessel in the described hydrogen storing unit adjacent with described fuel cell; And be formed with the air flow channel that is suitable for air flows on another larger side face of hydrogen storage vessel in the described hydrogen storing unit adjacent with described fuel cell.
Described hydrogen storage vessel is flat cube, and described storage hydrogen cavity is formed in the flat sides of described hydrogen storage vessel, and described air guide channel be formed on the perpendicular flat sides of described storage hydrogen cavity in.
Further being formed with the hydrogen air inlet in the described coupled fuel cell distributes passage and hydrogen exhaust to distribute passage, described hydrogen air inlet distribution passage and hydrogen exhaust distribution passage run through two bigger sides of area of described hydrogen storage vessel respectively, and described hydrogen runner distributes passage and hydrogen exhaust to distribute passage to be connected with described hydrogen air inlet respectively.
Further being formed with air inlet on two bigger sides of the area of described hydrogen storage vessel distributes passage and air exhaust to distribute passage, described air inlet distribution passage and air exhaust distribution passage run through two bigger sides of area of described hydrogen storage vessel respectively, and described air flow channel distributes passage and described air exhaust to distribute passage to be connected with described air inlet respectively.
According to coupled fuel cell of the present invention, at first, increased the surface area of hydrogen storing unit, make that a hydrogen storing unit liberated heat part can be passed through surface radiating when filling hydrogen, another part can utilize the fan heat radiation of fuel cell, thereby has avoided the too high and inefficacy that causes of hydrogen storage material temperature; Secondly, realized coupling on hydrogen storing unit and the fuel cell structure, liberated heat can directly be absorbed by hydrogen storing unit during operation of fuel cells, as stable thermal source, can make hydrogen storing unit stable discharge hydrogen; Simultaneously, temperature of fuel cell can reach 60～80 ℃, and the hydrogen of hydrogen storage material internal reservoir is fully discharged, and improves the hydrogen capacity of putting of hydrogen storage material.
In addition, the coupling on structure and heat of hydrogen storing unit and fuel cell can make fuel cell system become compact more, volume reduces greatly, has reduced the power consumption of air supply device simultaneously again, thereby improves the power density and the energy density of fuel cell system.
Additional aspect of the present invention and advantage part in the following description provide, and part will become obviously from the following description, or recognize by practice of the present invention.
Description of drawings
Above-mentioned and/or additional aspect of the present invention and advantage are from obviously and easily understanding becoming the description of embodiment in conjunction with following accompanying drawing, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the structure exploded perspective view of the hydrogen storing unit that is used for coupled fuel cell of first embodiment according to the invention;
Fig. 2 is the cutaway view of the hydrogen storing unit shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of an example of the hydrogen storing unit shown in Fig. 1, wherein, (a) is a side schematic diagram that has the hydrogen runner of hydrogen storing unit; (b) be the opposite side schematic diagram that has air flow channel of hydrogen storing unit;
Fig. 4 is the cutaway view according to first kind of execution mode of the coupled fuel cell of second embodiment of the present invention; And
Fig. 5 is the cutaway view according to second kind of execution mode of the coupled fuel cell of second embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Describe embodiments of the invention below in detail, the example of described embodiment is shown in the drawings, and wherein identical from start to finish or similar label is represented identical or similar elements or the element with identical or similar functions.Below by the embodiment that is described with reference to the drawings is exemplary, only is used to explain the present invention, and can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
In description of the invention, term " interior ", " outward ", " on ", close the orientation of indications such as D score, " top ", " end " or position is based on orientation shown in the drawings or position relation, only be the present invention for convenience of description rather than require the present invention therefore can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention with specific orientation structure and operation.
The hydrogen storing unit that is used for coupled fuel cell of first embodiment according to the invention is described below with reference to accompanying drawing.
As shown in Figure 1-Figure 3, according to hydrogen storing unit 1 of the present invention, comprise hydrogen storage vessel 11 and the hydrogen storage material of loading in storage hydrogen cavity 111 12.Alternatively, hydrogen storage vessel 11 is flat cube.
In hydrogen storage vessel 11, be provided with and extraneous at least two storage hydrogen cavitys 111 and at least one air guide channel 112 that seals, for example can establish 8 storage hydrogen cavitys 111 and 1 air guide channel 112.Wherein, 8 storage hydrogen cavitys 111 are formed in the flat sides of hydrogen storage vessel 11 and are parallel to each other between the storage hydrogen cavity 111.Particularly, storing up hydrogen cavity 111 is the column cavity of an end opening, behind the filling hydrogen storage material 12 its openend is sealed with storage hydrogen cavity sealing plug 1111 in storage hydrogen cavity 111, and the diameter of every storage hydrogen cavity is 8～12mm.Parallel to each other and diameter is less between the storage hydrogen cavity, can be beneficial to the even distribution of interior reservoir hydrogen material temperature, can prevent the hydrogen storage material efflorescence better, thereby prolong the life-span of hydrogen storage material.
Storage hydrogen cavity sealing plug 1111 and air guide channel sealing plug 1121 can adopt one of modes such as pin, screw thread, bonding, catch, screw or combination to be fixed on the hydrogen storage vessel 11, and are provided with seal 118 to keep the sealing to external world of storage hydrogen cavity between sealing plug and hydrogen storage vessel 11.Certainly, storage hydrogen cavity sealing plug 1111 and air guide channel sealing plug 1121 also can adopt welding or other any modes that sealing plug can be fixed on the hydrogen storage vessel 111, thereby keep the sealing to external world of storage hydrogen cavity.
Further being formed with the hydrogen air inlet on two bigger sides of the area of hydrogen storage vessel 11 distributes passage 1141 and hydrogen exhaust to distribute passage 1142, wherein the hydrogen air inlet distributes passage 1141 and hydrogen exhaust to distribute passage 1142 to run through this two sides that area is bigger respectively, has promptly connected hydrogen storage vessel 11.For example, hydrogen air inlet distribution passage 1141 and hydrogen exhaust distribution passage 1142 can be opened the corner on the diagonal that is positioned at hydrogen storage vessel 11.The hydrogen air inlet distributes passage 1141 and hydrogen exhaust to distribute the effect of passage 1142 to be, when hydrogen storing unit and fuel cell constitute coupled fuel cell, can be suitable for connecting a plurality of hydrogen storage vessels to be formed for the pipeline of hydrogen air inlet and hydrogen exhaust.
In an example of the present invention, further being formed with air inlet on two bigger sides of the area of hydrogen storage vessel 11 distributes passage 1151 and air exhaust to distribute passage 1152, air inlet distributes passage 1151 and air exhaust to distribute passage 1152 to run through two bigger sides of area of hydrogen storage vessel 11 respectively, has promptly connected hydrogen storage vessel 11.For example, air inlet distributes passage 1151 and air exhaust to distribute passage 1152 can open the corner on another diagonal of being positioned at hydrogen storage vessel 11.Air inlet distributes passage 1151 and air exhaust to distribute the effect of passage 1152 to be, when hydrogen storing unit and fuel cell constitute coupled fuel cell, is suitable for connecting a plurality of hydrogen storage vessels to be formed for the pipeline of air inlet and air exhaust.
Alternatively, can also on hydrogen storage vessel 11, further be formed with at least and be used for the coolant flow channel 116 that cooling air flows, for example can on one of them or two of two larger side faces of hydrogen storage vessel 11, form, as shown in fig. 1.
In another example of the present invention, hydrogen storing unit 1 also further comprises hydrogen runner 3 and air flow channel 4.Wherein, hydrogen runner 3 is formed on one of two bigger sides of the area of hydrogen storage vessel 11, and hydrogen runner 3 distributes passage 1141 and hydrogen exhaust to distribute passage 1142 fluids to be communicated with the hydrogen air inlet respectively.Air flow channel 4 is formed on the another side of two sides, and air flow channel 4 distributes passage 1151 and air exhaust to distribute passage 1152 fluids to be communicated with air inlet respectively.
In addition, alternatively, can also on hydrogen storage vessel 11, further be formed with seal groove 117, be used for sealing.
The hydrogen storing unit that is used for coupled fuel cell of first embodiment according to the invention can be realized good structure coupling with fuel cell, thereby realizes the heat management of effective hydrogen storing unit and fuel cell.On the one hand, this structural design has increased the surface area of hydrogen storing unit, a hydrogen storing unit liberated heat part can be passed through surface radiating when filling hydrogen, and another part can utilize the fan heat radiation of fuel cell, thereby has avoided the too high and inefficacy that causes of hydrogen storage material temperature; On the other hand, realized coupling on hydrogen storing unit of the present invention and the fuel cell structure, liberated heat can directly be absorbed by hydrogen storing unit during operation of fuel cells, as stable thermal source, can make hydrogen storing unit stable discharge hydrogen.
According to the hydrogen storing unit that is used for coupled fuel cell of the present invention, in order to improve the weight storage hydrogen rate of hydrogen storing unit 1 when guaranteeing the requirement of storage hydrogen, hydrogen storage vessel 11 adopts the high-strength light metal to process, for example aluminium, magnesium and other metal and alloy thereof.Because the density of aluminium alloy is lower, intensity can meet the demands, and is simultaneously cheap, can be used as the preferred material of processing hydrogen storage vessel 11, for example duralumin, hard alumin ium alloy.Yet light-weight metal hydrogen storage vessel 11 surfaces form oxide-film easily, and ohmic internal resistance is big when constituting coupled fuel cell; Simultaneously, the operational environment of coupled fuel cell causes the corrosion of metal hydrogen storage vessel 11 easily.In order to prevent corrosion of metal, reduce the contact resistance between metal hydrogen storage vessel 11 and the fuel cell fuel cell unipolar plate 22 simultaneously, need include but not limited to oxide coating, noble coatings, nitride coatings, diamond-like coating, electroconductive polymer coating etc. in hydrogen storage vessel 11 surface-coated conductivity and the good coating of antiseptic property.The hydrogen storage material of loading in storage hydrogen cavity 111 12 is for possessing the heat release of storage hydrogen, putting the hydrogen storage material 12 of hydrogen endothermic character, it is alloy that for example mixture of hydrogen bearing alloy and necessary additive, storage hydrogen material with carbon element etc., hydrogen bearing alloy include but are not limited to Mg system, La system, Ti.
Describe coupled fuel cell in detail according to Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 below according to second embodiment of the present invention.
Coupled fuel cell according to the present invention comprises hydrogen storing unit 1 and the fuel cell 2 of above-mentioned first embodiment, fuel cell 2 is arranged between the adjacent hydrogen storing unit 1, hydrogen storing unit 1 with hydrogen provide to fuel cell 2 to react with air.
To first kind of execution mode according to coupled fuel cell of the present invention be described according to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 4 at first, below.
As shown in Figure 4, coupled fuel cell comprises above-mentioned hydrogen storing unit 1 and is arranged on fuel cell 2 between the adjacent hydrogen storing unit 1.Wherein, fuel cell 2 comprises membrane-electrode unit 21 and the fuel cell unipolar plate 22 that is formed on the both sides of membrane-electrode unit 21.Membrane-electrode unit 21 is made of fuel battery diffusion layer 211 and fuel cell membrane electrode 212, and fuel cell membrane electrode 212 comprises the catalyst of proton exchange membrane and coated on both sides.And on the both sides of fuel cell unipolar plate 22, be formed with hydrogen runner 3 that is suitable for flow hydrogen gas and the air flow channel 4 that is suitable for air flows respectively, wherein hydrogen runner 3 is suitable for receiving the hydrogen that hydrogen storing unit 1 is provided.
Being formed with the hydrogen air inlet on two bigger sides of the area of the hydrogen storage vessel 11 of hydrogen storing unit 1 distributes passage 1141 and hydrogen exhaust to distribute passage 1142, wherein the hydrogen air inlet distributes passage 1141 and hydrogen exhaust to distribute passage 1142 to run through this two sides that area is bigger respectively, has promptly connected hydrogen storage vessel 11.For example, hydrogen air inlet distribution passage 1141 and hydrogen exhaust distribution passage 1142 can be opened the corner on the diagonal that is positioned at hydrogen storage vessel 11.And hydrogen runner 3 distributes passage 1141 and hydrogen exhaust to distribute passage 1142 to be connected with the hydrogen air inlet respectively, so that hydrogen distributes passage 1141 to flow into hydrogen runner 3 from the hydrogen air inlet, and distributes passage 1142 to flow out from the hydrogen exhaust.
In an example of the present invention, further being formed with air inlet on two bigger sides of the area of hydrogen storage vessel 11 distributes passage 1151 and air exhaust to distribute passage 1152, air inlet distributes passage 1151 and air exhaust to distribute passage 1152 to run through two bigger sides of area of hydrogen storage vessel 11 respectively, has promptly connected hydrogen storage vessel 11.For example, air inlet distributes passage 1151 and air exhaust to distribute passage 1152 can open the corner on another diagonal of being positioned at hydrogen storage vessel 11.And air flow channel 4 distributes passage 1151 and air exhaust to distribute passage 1152 to be connected with air inlet respectively, so that air distributes passage 1151 to flow into air flow channel 4 from air inlet, and distributes passage 1152 to flow out from the air exhaust.
Alternatively, can also on hydrogen storage vessel 11, further be formed with at least and be used for the coolant flow channel 116 that cooling air flows, for example can on one of them or two of two larger side faces of hydrogen storage vessel 11, form, as shown in Figure 1.
Two adjacent hydrogen storing units 1 closely contact with the fuel cell unipolar plate 22 of fuel cell 2, utilize the connecting duct 119 of electric insulation to link to each other between two hydrogen storing units 1, can utilize seal 118 to seal between connecting duct 119 and the hydrogen storage vessel 11.Hydrogen gateway 1123 on the air guide channel sealing plug 1121 and the hydrogen Vomitory 1112 on the hydrogen storage vessel 11 and connecting duct 119 are interconnected and constitute hydrogen passage 113.
Operation principle according to first kind of execution mode of coupled fuel cell of the present invention is as follows:
When filling hydrogen, under certain temperature and pressure, outside hydrogen enters hydrogen storing unit 1 through the hydrogen gateway 1123 on hydrogen passage 113 and the air guide channel sealing plug 1121, sees through hydrogen filter 1124 and enters storage hydrogen cavity 111, combines with hydrogen storage material 12 and forms hydride.
When putting hydrogen, under certain temperature and pressure, hydrogen discharges from hydrogen storage material 12, enter hydrogen passage 113 through hydrogen filter 1124, enter coupled fuel cell again through decompression after exporting to the outside, flow into the hydrogen exhaust behind the hydrogen runner 3 on the fuel cell unipolar plate 22 that hydrogen air inlet distribution passage 1141 flows into the fuel cells 2 again and distribute passage 1142 backs to flow out battery.Air outside distributes passage 1151 to flow into the air flow channel 4 on the fuel cell unipolar plate 22 in the fuel cell by air inlet, flows out to the air exhaust then and distributes passage 1152.Thus, hydrogen and air outside flow in distribution passage separately and react the generation electric current via fuel cell 2.A heat part that discharges during fuel cell 2 generatings is absorbed by hydrogen storing unit 1 again, and another part is taken away by the cooling air that flows through in the coolant flow channel on the hydrogen storing unit 1 116.
The coupled fuel cell that more than is first kind of execution mode according to the present invention is that the mode with the air seal formula is that example describes.Certainly, this coupled fuel cell can also adopt the open design of air.The unique different place of coupled fuel cell under the mode of the open coupled fuel cell of air and air seal formula is, not needing to process air inlet on hydrogen storage vessel 11 distributes passage 1151 and air exhaust to distribute passage 1152, therefore, because air can pass in and out coupled fuel cell with opening, then air that reacts with hydrogen and the cooling air that is used to cool off all can directly obtain from the external world, and do not need air inlet to distribute passage and air exhaust to distribute passage.In addition, being used for the mobile coolant flow channel 116 of cooling air can not process yet.Correspondingly, the open coupled fuel cell of air does not need to process seal groove 117 yet.
Secondly, will second kind of execution mode according to coupled fuel cell of the present invention be described according to Fig. 1, Fig. 3 and Fig. 5 below.
As shown in Figure 5, coupled fuel cell comprise the invention described above first embodiment hydrogen storing unit 1 and be arranged on fuel cell 2 between the adjacent hydrogen storing unit 1.Wherein, fuel cell 2 comprises membrane-electrode unit 21, and membrane-electrode unit 21 is made of fuel battery diffusion layer 211 and fuel cell membrane electrode 212, and fuel cell membrane electrode 212 comprises the catalyst of proton exchange membrane and coated on both sides.
In second kind of execution mode, there is not fuel cell unipolar plate 22 in fuel cell 2.Acting in second kind of execution mode of fuel cell unipolar plate 22 in above-mentioned first kind of execution mode can be replaced by hydrogen storing unit 1.
Specifically, be formed with the hydrogen runner 3 that is suitable for flow hydrogen gas on the side of the hydrogen storage vessel 11 in the hydrogen storing unit 1 adjacent, shown in Fig. 3 (a) with fuel cell 2.And on another side of hydrogen storage vessel 11, be formed with the air flow channel 4 that is suitable for air flows, shown in Fig. 3 (b).
Being formed with the hydrogen air inlet on two bigger sides of the area of the hydrogen storage vessel 11 of hydrogen storing unit 1 distributes passage 1141 and hydrogen exhaust to distribute passage 1142, wherein the hydrogen air inlet distributes passage 1141 and hydrogen exhaust to distribute passage 1142 to run through this two sides that area is bigger respectively, has promptly connected hydrogen storage vessel 11.And hydrogen runner 3 distributes passage 1141 and hydrogen exhaust to distribute passage 1142 to be connected with the hydrogen air inlet respectively, so that hydrogen distributes passage 1141 to flow into hydrogen runner 3 from the hydrogen air inlet, and distributes passage 1142 to flow out from the hydrogen exhaust.
In an example of the present invention, further being formed with air inlet on two bigger sides of the area of hydrogen storage vessel 11 distributes passage 1151 and air exhaust to distribute passage 1152, air inlet distributes passage 1151 and air exhaust to distribute passage 1152 to run through two bigger sides of area of hydrogen storage vessel 11 respectively, has promptly connected hydrogen storage vessel 11.And air flow channel 4 distributes passage 1151 and air exhaust to distribute passage 1152 to be connected with air inlet respectively, so that air distributes passage 1151 to flow into air flow channel 4 from air inlet, and distributes passage 1152 to flow out from the air exhaust.
In addition, on hydrogen storage vessel 11, further be formed with seal groove 117.
Adjacent two hydrogen storing units 1 directly closely contact with fuel battery diffusion layer 211, utilize seal 118 to seal between two hydrogen storing units 1.Hydrogen gateway 1123 on the air guide channel sealing plug 1121 and the hydrogen Vomitory 1112 on the hydrogen storage vessel 11 are interconnected and constitute hydrogen passage 113.
Operation principle according to second kind of execution mode of coupled fuel cell of the present invention is as follows:
When filling hydrogen, under certain temperature and pressure, outside hydrogen enters hydrogen storing unit 1 through the hydrogen gateway 1123 on hydrogen passage 113 and the air guide channel sealing plug 1121, sees through hydrogen filter 1124 and enters storage hydrogen cavity 111, combines with hydrogen storage material 12 and forms hydride.
When putting hydrogen, under certain temperature and pressure, hydrogen discharges from hydrogen storage material 12, enter hydrogen passage 113 through hydrogen filter 1124, enter coupled fuel cell again through decompression after exporting to the outside, from the hydrogen runner 3 that the hydrogen air inlet distributes passage 1141 to flow on the hydrogen storage vessel 11, flow into the hydrogen exhaust again and distribute passage 1142 backs to flow out battery.Air outside flows out to the air exhaust then and distributes passage 1152 by the air flow channel 4 that air inlet distributes passage 1151 to flow on the hydrogen storage vessel 11; Perhaps directly flow out battery from the air flow channel 4 of outer flow on hydrogen storage vessel 11.Thus, hydrogen and air outside flow in passage separately and react the generation electric current via fuel cell 2.A heat part that discharges during fuel cell 2 generatings is absorbed by hydrogen storing unit 1 again, and another part is taken away by air flowing in the air flow channel on the hydrogen storing unit 14.
The coupled fuel cell that more than is second kind of execution mode according to the present invention is that the mode with the air seal formula is that example describes.Certainly, this coupled fuel cell can also adopt the open design of air.The unique different place of coupled fuel cell under the mode of the open coupled fuel cell of air and air seal formula is, not needing to process air inlet on hydrogen storage vessel 11 distributes passage 1151 and air exhaust to distribute passage 1152, therefore, because air can pass in and out coupled fuel cell with opening, then air that reacts with hydrogen and the cooling air that is used to cool off all can directly obtain from the external world, and do not need air inlet to distribute passage and air exhaust to distribute passage.Correspondingly, the open coupled fuel cell of air does not need to process seal groove 117 yet.
According to the coupled fuel cell of second embodiment of the present invention, its hydrogen storing unit can be realized good structure coupling with fuel cell, thereby realizes the heat management of effective hydrogen storing unit and fuel cell.On the one hand, increased the surface area of hydrogen storing unit, a hydrogen storing unit liberated heat part can be passed through surface radiating when filling hydrogen, and another part can utilize the fan heat radiation of fuel cell, thereby has avoided the too high and inefficacy that causes of hydrogen storage material temperature; On the other hand, realized coupling on hydrogen storing unit and the fuel cell structure, liberated heat can directly be absorbed by hydrogen storing unit during operation of fuel cells, as stable thermal source, can make hydrogen storing unit stable discharge hydrogen; Simultaneously, temperature of fuel cell can reach 60～80 ℃, and the hydrogen of hydrogen storage material internal reservoir is fully discharged, and improves the hydrogen capacity of putting of hydrogen storage material.
In addition, the coupling on structure and heat of hydrogen storing unit and fuel cell can make fuel cell system become compact more, volume reduces greatly, has reduced the power consumption of air supply device simultaneously again, thereby improves the power density and the energy density of fuel cell system.
Although illustrated and described embodiments of the invention, those having ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: can carry out multiple variation, modification, replacement and modification to these embodiment under the situation that does not break away from principle of the present invention and aim, scope of the present invention is limited by claim and equivalent thereof.
Claims (19)
1. hydrogen storing unit that is used for coupled fuel cell comprises:
Hydrogen storage vessel is provided with in the described hydrogen storage vessel and extraneous two storage hydrogen cavitys that seal at least, and described at least two storage hydrogen cavitys are parallel to each other;
At least one air guide channel, described air guide channel is formed in the described hydrogen storage vessel, is suitable for the storage hydrogen cavity that hydrogen entered or flowed out described hydrogen storage vessel, and described air guide channel runs through described at least two storage hydrogen cavitys; And
Hydrogen storage material, described hydrogen storage material are loaded in described storage hydrogen cavity.
2. hydrogen storing unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described hydrogen storage vessel is flat cube, and described storage hydrogen cavity is formed in the flat sides of described hydrogen storage vessel, and described air guide channel be formed on the perpendicular flat sides of described storage hydrogen cavity in.
3. hydrogen storing unit according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described storage hydrogen cavity is the column cavity of an end opening, and its openend seals with storage hydrogen cavity sealing plug.
4. hydrogen storing unit according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described air guide channel is the elongate column passage of an end opening, and its openend seals with the air guide channel sealing plug.
5. hydrogen storing unit according to claim 4 is characterized in that, further is provided with the porous wireway in the described air guide channel, and described porous wireway is communicated with described air guide channel at least with described two storage hydrogen cavity fluids.
6. hydrogen storing unit according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described air guide channel sealing plug is provided with the hydrogen gateway; And
Described hydrogen storage vessel is provided with the hydrogen Vomitory that is communicated with described hydrogen gateway.
7. hydrogen storing unit according to claim 2 further is formed with the hydrogen air inlet and distributes passage and hydrogen exhaust to distribute passage, and described hydrogen air inlet distributes passage and hydrogen exhaust to distribute passage to run through two bigger sides of area of described hydrogen storage vessel respectively.
8. hydrogen storing unit according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, further be formed with air inlet and distribute passage and air exhaust to distribute passage on two bigger sides of the area of described hydrogen storage vessel, described air inlet distributes passage and air exhaust to distribute passage to run through two bigger sides of area of described hydrogen storage vessel respectively.
9. hydrogen storing unit according to claim 8 is characterized in that, further is formed with at least to be used for the coolant flow channel that cooling air flows on described hydrogen storage vessel.
10. hydrogen storing unit according to claim 8 further comprises:
The hydrogen runner, on one of two sides that the area that described hydrogen runner is formed on described hydrogen storage vessel is bigger, and described hydrogen runner distributes passage and hydrogen exhaust to distribute passage to be connected with described hydrogen air inlet respectively; And
Air flow channel, described air flow channel is formed on the another side of described two sides, and described air flow channel distributes passage and described air exhaust to distribute passage to be connected with described air inlet respectively.
11. hydrogen storing unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described hydrogen storage vessel is formed by light-weight metal.
12. hydrogen storing unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described hydrogen storage vessel surface-coated has coating, but described coating can be conducted electricity and anticorrosion.
13. hydrogen storing unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described hydrogen storage material is for storing up the hydrogen heat release, putting the hydrogen storage material of hydrogen heat absorption.
14. a coupled fuel cell comprises:
Hydrogen storing unit as claimed in claim 1; And
Fuel cell, described fuel cell are arranged between the adjacent hydrogen storing unit, described hydrogen storing unit with hydrogen provide to described fuel cell to react with air.
15. coupled fuel cell according to claim 14 is characterized in that, described fuel cell further comprises:
Membrane-electrode unit, hydrogen and air react by described membrane-electrode unit; And
Be formed on the fuel cell unipolar plate of the both sides of membrane-electrode unit, be formed with hydrogen runner that is suitable for flow hydrogen gas and the air flow channel that is suitable for air flows on the both sides of described fuel cell unipolar plate respectively, wherein
Described hydrogen runner is suitable for receiving the hydrogen that described hydrogen storing unit provides.
16. coupled fuel cell according to claim 14 is characterized in that, described fuel cell comprises membrane-electrode unit, and wherein hydrogen and air react by described membrane-electrode unit;
Be formed with the hydrogen runner that is suitable for flow hydrogen gas on the larger side face of hydrogen storage vessel in the described hydrogen storing unit adjacent with described fuel cell; And
Be formed with the air flow channel that is suitable for air flows on another larger side face of hydrogen storage vessel in the described hydrogen storing unit adjacent with described fuel cell.
17. according to claim 15 or 16 described coupled fuel cells, it is characterized in that, described hydrogen storage vessel is flat cube, and described storage hydrogen cavity is formed in the flat sides of described hydrogen storage vessel, and described air guide channel be formed on the perpendicular flat sides of described storage hydrogen cavity in.
18. coupled fuel cell according to claim 17, it is characterized in that, further being formed with the hydrogen air inlet distributes passage and hydrogen exhaust to distribute passage, described hydrogen air inlet distribution passage and hydrogen exhaust distribution passage run through two bigger sides of area of described hydrogen storage vessel respectively, and described hydrogen runner distributes passage and hydrogen exhaust to distribute passage to be connected with described hydrogen air inlet respectively.
19. coupled fuel cell according to claim 18, it is characterized in that, further being formed with air inlet on two bigger sides of the area of described hydrogen storage vessel distributes passage and air exhaust to distribute passage, described air inlet distribution passage and air exhaust distribution passage run through two bigger sides of area of described hydrogen storage vessel respectively, and described air flow channel distributes passage and described air exhaust to distribute passage to be connected with described air inlet respectively.
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