CN100483816C - Fuel cell coupling with hydrogen storing unit - Google Patents
Fuel cell coupling with hydrogen storing unit Download PDFInfo
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- CN100483816C CN100483816C CNB2007101752602A CN200710175260A CN100483816C CN 100483816 C CN100483816 C CN 100483816C CN B2007101752602 A CNB2007101752602 A CN B2007101752602A CN 200710175260 A CN200710175260 A CN 200710175260A CN 100483816 C CN100483816 C CN 100483816C
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The present invention discloses a fuel cell of a coupling hydrogen storage unit. The fuel cell monomer comprises a cathode flow field board, an anode flow field board, a membrane electrode and a hydrogen storing unit. The fuel cell of the coupling hydrogen storage unit is formed by the superposition and coupling of the structure, utilizing the property that the hydrogen storing unit release hydrogen to absorb heat and the fuel cell reacts to disperse heat, the coupling of the heat content management of the fuel cell and the hydrogen storing unit are realized. The present invention also enables the hydrogen and air flow passage to be processed and enables the structure of the fuel cell monomer to become much simpler. While solving the problem of heat management of the hydrogen storing unit and the fuel cell, the present invention also can reduce the volume and power consumption of the system of the fuel cell as well as improve the energy density. The fuel cell disclosed in the present invention can be applied in various fields such as power supplies of electronic devices, diverse continuous power systems and the engine systems of motorcars, etc.
Description
Technical field
The present invention belongs to fuel cell field, refers in particular to the solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell technology of using hydrogen to act as a fuel.
Background technology
Fuel cell is a kind of uninterruptable power generation device that the fuel and the chemical energy in the oxidant of outside supply are transformed into electric energy.Since fuel battery power density and energy density height, clean and effective, and the power bracket broadness all has a wide range of applications in every field such as micro power, portable power source, vehicular engine, stationary electric power plants, therefore is subjected to the extensive attention of countries in the world.The U.S., Japan, Canada, each state of Europe are all at the active development fuel cell technology, and nearly all in the world at present big automobile making commercial city is at the development of fuel cells electric automobile.
Present fuel cell technology is mainly according to making several types, alkaline fuel cell, phosphoric acid fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell, polymer electrolyte fuel cells and Solid Oxide Fuel Cell etc. electrolytical different the branch.Develop at present comparative maturity and application prospect be the most widely polymer electrolyte fuel cells (Polymer Electrolyte FuelCell, PEFC).
In the process of fuel cell power generation, except electric energy is provided, also can produce used heat.Act as a fuel and the fuel cell fundamental reaction formula of oxidant is with hydrogen/oxygen:
This reaction is exothermic reaction, if the water that generates is gaseous state, the heat that this reaction discharges is 241.8kJ/mol, if the operating voltage of fuel cell is 0.7V, then the reaction heat except 135.4kJ/mol is converted into the electric energy, and the reaction heat that has 106.4kJ/mol will be discharged with the used heat form.For high-temperature fuel cell, this part used heat can be fully utilized, for example molten carbonate fuel cell and Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, operating temperature can reach 500 ~ 1000 ℃, the used heat of fuel cell can be used for being the gas reforming heat supply, also can design combined cycle and utilize used heat.For PEFC, its operating temperature is lower, (is adopting high temperature membrane can reach 180 ℃) below 100 ℃ usually, and the value of used heat is not high.For family expenses PEFC, provide family life hot water when can realize electric power is provided by water management.For other application scenarios, this part used heat just has to drain.In fact, PEFC must keep the proper operation temperature by suitable heat dissipation design, otherwise the too high meeting of pile internal temperature causes the inefficacy of right fuel cell, even causes danger.
The radiating mode of PEFC pile is nothing more than two kinds of water-cooled and air coolings, patent WO006627A1 for example, EP0833400A1, WO0011745, EP0929112-A2 etc., the water-cooled pile is taken the used heat in the pile out of by cooling water, by external heat-exchanging heat is taken away again, and the cooling water after the cooling is recirculated into pile; The air cooling pile is to take away used heat by pile that Cryogenic air is forced to flow through.For the water-cooled fuel cell, because specific heat of water is bigger, cooling effect is very good, but needs complicated cooling water recirculation system, has increased the complexity of system.Though the air cooling fuel cell does not have complicated water management system, system is simple relatively, because air specific heat is little, must adopt the air of big flow to dispel the heat, particularly during high power discharge.Yet the air of big flow is very easy to cause proton exchange membrane to be dried, the porch of air particularly, and also the Temperature Distribution of pile is very inhomogeneous, and this also can influence fuel battery performance and life-span.The heat management particular importance of air cooling fuel cell, when stack temperature surpassed 50 ℃, it is very difficult that cell power generation just becomes.
Traditional fuel cell structure as shown in Figure 1, fuel cell is assembled by the cathode flow field plate 1 that has air flow channel 6, seal washer 2, membrane electrode 3, the anode flow field board 4 that has a hydrogen runner 7, for the heat that fuel cell is produced is taken out of, be provided with the coldplate 5 of coolant flow channel 8 between two cells, the cooling agent in the coolant flow channel 8 is air or water usually.Coldplate 5 also can combine with cathode flow field plate 1 or anode flow field board 4 and constitute the bipolar plates of double-sided belt runner.A lot of air cooling piles save coldplate 5, and the air that directly utilizes cathode flow field plate 1 both to provide fuel cell reaction to use provides pile to cool off the air of usefulness again, and such structure must adopt the air of big flow that pile is effectively cooled off.But air mass flow is excessive to be very easy to cause proton exchange membrane to dewater, and the long-term stability of pile is operated bring difficulty.
In a complete fuel cell system, except that fuel cell pile, also need the storage element of hydrogen.The gas cylinder hydrogen supply is a kind of effective hydrogen storage method of supplying, but because the hydrogen storage content of gas cylinder own is little, the system bulk specific energy is low.Liquid hydrogen energy density height, but need deep cooling to preserve, and system is comparatively complicated.Hydrogen bearing alloy is a kind of scheme of fuel cell hydrogen-feeding comparatively easily, has obtained application in a lot of middle-size and small-size fuel cell systems.Hydrogen bearing alloy is attended by heat ground exchange process at storage hydrogen with putting in the hydrogen process, can represent with following reaction equation:
It is exothermic reaction that hydrogen bearing alloy is inhaled the reaction that hydrogen generates metal hydride, and thermal discharge is according to different hydrogen bearing alloy kinds difference, for example LaNi to some extent
5Storage hydrogen thermal discharge be 30kJ/mol H
2, Mg
2Cu storage hydrogen thermal discharge is 72.8kJ/mol H
2Owing to have such heat release, endothermic process, the hydrogen bearing alloy jar in the fuel cell system just must be considered storage hydrogen, put the thermal management in the hydrogen process.For example the notebook computer of Chinese patent ZL02244388.6 design utilizes the heat of host computer to supply with hydrogen storing unit, releasing hydrogen gas fueling battery with in the fuel cell system; Utilize the heat of fuel cell to heat hydrogen storing unit in the portable fuel battery equipment of European patent EP 0917225A1 report with releasing hydrogen gas.In the open source literature that can see at present, all consider respectively, both be unfavorable for reducing the internal power consumption of fuel cell system, raise the efficiency, be unfavorable for improving fuel cell performance and life-span again for the heat management of fuel cell and hydrogen storing unit.And such system's hydrogen storing unit separates with fuel cell, and system capacity density is not high.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention aims to provide a kind of fuel cell of coupling with hydrogen storing unit, realize simultaneously the coupling of hydrogen storing unit and the two heat of fuel cell both having reduced the thermal management in-fighting by the coupling of structure, raise the efficiency, can make battery structure compact more again, improve system capacity density.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
The present invention is a kind of fuel cell of coupling with hydrogen storing unit, it is formed by stacking by a plurality of fuel cells, each fuel cell contains cathode flow field plate successively, membrane electrode and anode flow field board, between cathode flow field plate and membrane electrode and membrane electrode and anode flow field board, be respectively equipped with seal, it is characterized in that: be provided with a hydrogen storing unit between per two fuel cells, there is storage hydrogen cavity described hydrogen storing unit inside, storage hydrogen inside cavity stores hydrogen storage material, hydrogen storing unit is provided with the hydrogen filler port, be connected by cavity lane between storage hydrogen cavity and the hydrogen filler port, hydrogen filler port on the hydrogen storing unit is connected with hydrogen duct on the fuel cell, constitutes the hydrogen passage.
The fuel cell of another kind of coupling with hydrogen storing unit provided by the invention, it is formed by stacking by a plurality of fuel cells, each fuel cell contains seal successively, membrane electrode and seal, it is characterized in that: between per two fuel cells, be provided with a hydrogen storing unit, there is storage hydrogen cavity described hydrogen storing unit inside, interior reservoir has hydrogen storage material, hydrogen storing unit is provided with the hydrogen filler port, be connected by cavity lane between storage hydrogen cavity and the hydrogen filler port, hydrogen filler port on the hydrogen storing unit is connected with hydrogen duct on the fuel cell, constitutes the hydrogen passage; Be processed with air flow channel and hydrogen runner respectively on contacted two faces of described hydrogen storing unit and fuel cell membrane electrode.
The fuel cell of coupling with hydrogen storing unit of the present invention is a solid polymer fuel cell, refers to Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells or alkaline membrane cell especially.
The present invention compared with prior art, have advantage and high-lighting effect: 1. utilize hydrogen storing unit to put the characteristic of hydrogen heat absorption and fuel cell power generation heat release, carry out the heat management of fuel cell with hydrogen storing unit, air cooling fuel battery air flow is reduced greatly, can avoid membrane electrode to be dried the problem that causes performance degradation, can simplify the fuel cell heat management again, improve fuel battery stability.Also solved hydrogen storing unit when 2. the coupling of hydrogen storing unit and fuel cell has solved the fuel cell heat management and charged and discharged heat management problems in the circulation at hydrogen.Putting the heat that the hydrogen process can absorb fuel cell can better discharge hydrogen, inhaling the heat of hydrogen process release also can take away heat by the fuel battery air feeding mechanism, and needn't adopt the employed fin of traditional hydrogen storage vessel, reduced the volume of hydrogen storage vessel.3. the coupling on structure and heat of hydrogen storing unit and fuel cell can make system become compact more, and volume reduces greatly, has reduced the power consumption of air supply device simultaneously again, thereby improves the power density and the energy density of fuel cell system.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of conventional fuel cell pile.
Fig. 2 is the fuel cell structure of coupling with hydrogen storing unit of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the stereogram of the anode flow field board 4 shown in Fig. 2 a).
Fig. 3 b) left view of anode flow field board 4.
Fig. 4 is the stereogram of the hydrogen storing unit 9 shown in Fig. 2 a);
Fig. 4 b) be Fig. 4 a) in hydrogen storing unit 9 along the cutaway view of ABC face.
Fig. 5 is the another kind of structure chart of the fuel cell of coupling with hydrogen storing unit of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the stereogram of middle hydrogen storing unit 9 shown in Figure 5 a).
Fig. 6 b) is a) left view of middle hydrogen storing unit 9 of Fig. 6.
Fig. 6 c) be Fig. 6 a) in hydrogen storing unit 9 along the cutaway view of DEF face.
Reference numeral: 1-cathode flow field plate; 2-seal; 3-membrane electrode; 4-anode flow field board; 5-coldplate; 6; Air flow channel; 7-hydrogen runner; 8-coolant flow channel; 9-hydrogen storing unit; 10-external hydrogen interface; 11-sluice valve; The 12-Pressure gauge; 13-hydrogen duct; 14-break valve; 15-pressure-reducing valve; 16-fuel cell hydrogen ingate; 17-fuel cell hydrogen outlet opening; 18-cavity lane; 19-storage hydrogen cavity; 20-hydrogen filler port; 21-anode end plate.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing structure of the present invention and embodiment are further described.
Fig. 2 is the fuel cell structure schematic diagram of a kind of coupling with hydrogen storing unit provided by the invention, and this fuel cell is formed by stacking by a plurality of fuel cells, is provided with a hydrogen storing unit 9 between per two fuel cells; Each fuel cell comprises cathode flow field plate 1, seal 2, membrane electrode 3, anode flow field board 4, and hydrogen duct 13, fuel cell hydrogen ingate 16 and fuel cell hydrogen outlet opening 17 are all arranged on these assemblies.Hydrogen storing unit 9 is designed to and can be assembled together with fuel cell, places between two fuel cells the coldplate position of promptly traditional water-cooled or air cooling fuel cell.Hydrogen filler port 20 is arranged on the hydrogen storing unit 9, identical with the hydrogen duct 13 on the fuel cell.After fuel cell and hydrogen storing unit stack fitted together, the hydrogen duct 13 on the fuel cell was communicated with the Hydrogen Line of formation hydrogen turnover hydrogen storing unit 9 interior reservoir hydrogen cavitys with the hydrogen filler port 20 on the hydrogen storing unit.In the fuel cell outside, be furnished with the required parts of hydrogenation, comprise external hydrogen interface 10, sluice valve 11, Pressure gauge 12, break valve 14, pressure-reducing valve 15 etc.In the hydrogenation process, outside hydrogen source is linked to each other with external hydrogen interface 10, sluice valve 11 is screwed into fills the hydrogen end, promptly can be hydrogen storing unit 9 and fill hydrogen, hydrogen enters hydrogen storing unit 9 through hydrogen duct 13, hydrogen filler port 20, be stored in the hydrogen storage material of depositing in the hydrogen cavity 19, Pressure gauge 12 can show and fills hydrogen pressure.Used hydrogen storage material possesses the heat release of storage hydrogen, puts the hydrogen storage material of hydrogen endothermic character for all, for example Mg system, La system, Mm system, Ti base hydrogen storage alloy, storage hydrogen material with carbon element or other hydrogen storage materials.Fill after the hydrogen process finishes, sluice valve 11 is threaded to puts the hydrogen side, this moment, hydrogen storing unit 9 just was communicated with the fuel cell hydrogen supply side.During operation of fuel cells, the break valve 14 of outwarding winding, the hydrogen that stores in the hydrogen storing unit 9 is through behind the pressure-reducing valve 15, pressure is reduced to suitable operation of fuel cells, the hydrogen runner 7 that process fuel cell hydrogen ingate 16 enters in the anode flow field board 4, be supplied to fuel cell membrane electrode 3 generatings, react remaining hydrogen and discharge fuel cell through fuel cell hydrogen outlet opening 17.At this moment, in running order fuel cell membrane electrode 3 can discharge heat, this part used heat just in time can be in the hydrogen storing unit 9 of putting the hydrogen state and absorb, the needs of fuel cell heat radiation had both been satisfied, also satisfied hydrogen storing unit and put the needs of hydrogen heat absorption, thereby the heat that plays effective fuel cell and hydrogen storing unit is coupled.Though the hydrogen process of putting of reaction equation (II) is not enough to the reaction used heat that complete absorption reaction formula (I) is discharged, but, consider that air passes through fuel cell and will take away heat,, can realize the temperature control of fuel cell very easily by adjusting the cathode air excess coefficient.The needs that external fan only need provide the required little air of fuel cell reaction can satisfy fuel cell power generation, needn't use the air of big flow is the fuel cell heat radiation, thus the membrane electrode of having avoided mass flow air to bring such as dries up at problem.
Above-mentioned fuel cell adopts solid polymer fuel cell, and described solid polymer fuel cell is Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells or alkaline membrane cell etc.
Fig. 5 is the another kind of structural representation of the fuel cell of coupling with hydrogen storing unit provided by the invention.It is formed by stacking by a plurality of fuel cells, each fuel cell contains seal 2, membrane electrode 3 and seal 2 successively, and between per two fuel cells, being provided with a hydrogen storing unit 9, hydrogen storing unit 9 Surface Machining have hydrogen runner 7 and air flow channel 6.Hydrogen storing unit 9 had both played the effect of hydrogen reservoir, had played the bipolar plates effect of separation hydrogen and air, conducting electronics again, and simultaneously, it has also brought into play the effect of fuel cell heat management.This fuel cell structure is simple more compact, has higher energy density.When filling hydrogen, the cavity lane 18 that hydrogen fills on hydrogen interface 10, sluice valve 11, hydrogen duct 13, hydrogen filler port 20 and the hydrogen storing unit via the external world enters into hydrogen storing unit 9 inside, is stored in the hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen cavity 19; When putting hydrogen, sluice valve 11 is threaded to puts the hydrogen side, hydrogen fills in the hydrogen storage material that stores up hydrogen cavity 19 inside and discharges, enter in the hydrogen runner 7 of processing on the hydrogen storing unit 9 via cavity lane 18, hydrogen filler port 20, hydrogen duct 13, sluice valve 11, break valve 14, pressure-reducing valve 15, fuel cell hydrogen inlet 16, with the anode surface generation electrochemical oxidation reactions of hydrogen storing unit 9 contacted fuel cell membrane electrodes 3, air generates electricity at the cathode surface generation electrochemical reducting reaction of membrane electrode 3 via the air flow channel 6 of processing on the hydrogen storing unit 9 simultaneously.React remaining hydrogen and discharge fuel cell via fuel cell hydrogen outlet 17.Do not have cathode flow field plate 1 and anode flow field board 4 in this structure, structure is more compact, and heat management is more direct, and the system that makes has higher energy density.
Claims (6)
1. the fuel cell of a coupling with hydrogen storing unit, it is formed by stacking by a plurality of fuel cells, each fuel cell contains cathode flow field plate (1) successively, membrane electrode (3) and anode flow field board (4), between cathode flow field plate (1) and membrane electrode (3) and membrane electrode (3) and anode flow field board (4), be respectively equipped with seal (2), it is characterized in that: be provided with a hydrogen storing unit (9) between per two fuel cells, there is storage hydrogen cavity (19) described hydrogen storing unit (9) inside, this storage hydrogen inside cavity stores hydrogen storage material, described hydrogen storing unit (9) is provided with hydrogen filler port (20), the storage hydrogen cavity (19) with hydrogen filler port (20) between be connected by cavity lane (18), hydrogen filler port (20) on the hydrogen storing unit (9) is connected with hydrogen duct (13) on the fuel cell, constitutes the hydrogen passage.
2. according to the fuel cell of the described coupling with hydrogen storing unit of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described fuel cell is a solid polymer fuel cell.
3. according to the fuel cell of the described coupling with hydrogen storing unit of claim 2, it is characterized in that: described solid polymer fuel cell is Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells or alkaline membrane cell.
4. the fuel cell of a coupling with hydrogen storing unit, it is formed by stacking by a plurality of fuel cells, each fuel cell contains seal (2) successively, membrane electrode (3) and seal (2), it is characterized in that: between per two fuel cells, be provided with a hydrogen storing unit (9), there is storage hydrogen cavity (19) described hydrogen storing unit (9) inside, this storage hydrogen inside cavity stores hydrogen storage material, hydrogen storing unit (9) is provided with hydrogen filler port (20), the storage hydrogen cavity (19) with hydrogen filler port (20) between be connected by cavity lane (18), hydrogen filler port (20) on the hydrogen storing unit (9) is connected with hydrogen duct (13) on the fuel cell, constitutes the hydrogen passage; Be processed with air flow channel (6) and hydrogen runner (7) respectively on described hydrogen storing unit (9) and contacted two faces of membrane electrode (3).
5. according to the fuel cell of the described coupling with hydrogen storing unit of claim 4, it is characterized in that: described fuel cell is a solid polymer fuel cell.
6. according to the fuel cell of the described coupling with hydrogen storing unit of claim 5, it is characterized in that: described solid polymer fuel cell is Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells or alkaline membrane cell.
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| CNB2007101752602A CN100483816C (en) | 2007-09-28 | 2007-09-28 | Fuel cell coupling with hydrogen storing unit |
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| CNB2007101752602A CN100483816C (en) | 2007-09-28 | 2007-09-28 | Fuel cell coupling with hydrogen storing unit |
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Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101794893B (en) * | 2010-03-08 | 2012-10-10 | 清华大学 | Hydrogen storing unit and coupled fuel cell |
| CN102800880A (en) * | 2011-05-27 | 2012-11-28 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Direct fuel cell based on organic liquid hydrogen storage material |
| CN102427144B (en) * | 2011-11-29 | 2014-12-10 | 上海交通大学 | Regenerative fuel cell apparatus and system thereof |
| CN104253277A (en) * | 2013-06-26 | 2014-12-31 | 武汉众宇动力系统科技有限公司 | PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) fuel cell stack |
| CN103401004A (en) * | 2013-07-11 | 2013-11-20 | 西南交通大学 | Air-cooled fuel cell system and coupling heat control method thereof |
| CN109461949B (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2022-04-12 | 中国北方车辆研究所 | Cathode flow field plate for fuel cell and processing method thereof |
| CN110311153B (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2023-11-10 | 北京航天石化技术装备工程有限公司 | End plate for fuel cell stack and working mode thereof |
| CN113350983A (en) * | 2020-03-06 | 2021-09-07 | 顾士平 | Electric field polarized gas adsorption system |
| CN113022706A (en) * | 2021-04-15 | 2021-06-25 | 武汉雄韬氢雄燃料电池科技有限公司 | Novel hydrogen storage device for hydrogen energy automobile |
| CN113611895A (en) * | 2021-08-02 | 2021-11-05 | 上海恒劲动力科技有限公司 | Fuel cell cooling system and method based on cooling coupling heat control |
| CN115218123A (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-10-21 | 浙江大学 | Composite hydrogen storage device and method and fuel cell equipment |
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