CN113611895A - Fuel cell cooling system and method based on cooling coupling heat control - Google Patents
Fuel cell cooling system and method based on cooling coupling heat control Download PDFInfo
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- CN113611895A CN113611895A CN202110878955.7A CN202110878955A CN113611895A CN 113611895 A CN113611895 A CN 113611895A CN 202110878955 A CN202110878955 A CN 202110878955A CN 113611895 A CN113611895 A CN 113611895A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fuel cell cooling system based on cooling coupling heat control, which at least comprises a cooling liquid tank (2) and a heat dissipation device (4), and further comprises a hydrogen storage device (3) connected with an electric pile (1), wherein under the condition that the cooling system of the electric pile (1) is formed by at least the water tank (2) and the heat dissipation device (4), the whole volume or part volume of at least one hydrogen storage device (3) is arranged in the cooling liquid tank (2), and when the hydrogen storage device releases hydrogen, the cooling liquid provides heat energy for the hydrogen storage device in a heat exchange mode and promotes the hydrogen storage device to release hydrogen. The invention utilizes the heat generated by the galvanic pile to heat the hydrogen storage device, and the hydrogen storage device needs to absorb heat in the process of releasing hydrogen, so the utilization of the waste heat of the galvanic pile is beneficial to releasing hydrogen, and the performance of releasing hydrogen is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a fuel cell cooling system and a fuel cell cooling method based on cooling coupling heat control.
Background
The fuel cell consumes hydrogen or other fuels to generate electricity through electrochemical reaction, has the characteristics of high efficiency, environmental protection and the like, and has wide application. The heat is released in the power generation process of the fuel cell, and if the heat cannot be discharged in time, the overtemperature damage is caused, so that good thermal management is important for the normal operation of the fuel cell.
The solid alloy hydrogen storage is a hydrogen storage mode with the characteristics of small volume, low pressure, high safety and the like, and has obvious advantages in some application scenes. The two processes of charging and releasing the solid hydrogen storage are in heat exchange, the reaction of the alloy absorbing hydrogen to generate metal hydride is an exothermic reaction, and the process of releasing the hydrogen needs to absorb heat from the outside.
In a fuel cell system using solid alloy hydrogen storage, in order to perform reasonable thermal management, the prior art performs some treatment on the heat of the fuel cell and the solid alloy hydrogen storage, so that the fuel cell and the solid alloy hydrogen storage operate at good temperature.
For example, chinese patent CN101118969A discloses a fuel cell coupled with a hydrogen storage unit. The fuel cell monomer comprises a cathode flow field plate, an anode flow field plate, a membrane electrode and a hydrogen storage unit, the fuel cell with the hydrogen storage unit is formed by structural coupling lamination, the heat management coupling of the fuel cell and the hydrogen storage unit is realized by utilizing the characteristics of hydrogen release and heat absorption of the hydrogen storage unit and reaction and heat release of the fuel cell, and hydrogen and air flow channels can be directly processed at two sides of the hydrogen storage unit, so that the structure of the fuel cell monomer is simpler.
For example, chinese patent CN103401004A discloses an air-cooled fuel cell system and a coupled thermal control method thereof, the method includes: acquiring the current ambient temperature of the fuel cell; acquiring the current working temperature of the fuel cell; controlling the steering of the fuel cell fan according to the ambient temperature; and controlling the rotating speed of the fuel cell fan according to the working temperature of the fuel cell. The invention utilizes the heat coupling characteristics of hydrogen release and heat absorption of the alloy hydrogen storage device and heat release of the fuel cell reaction, controls the rotation direction and the rotation speed of the cooling fan through the acquired working temperature and the ambient temperature of the fuel cell, thereby realizing the effective thermal control of the coupling of the hydrogen storage device and the fuel cell, improving the hydrogen release efficiency of the hydrogen storage device at low ambient temperature, improving the working condition of the fuel cell at high ambient temperature and further improving the environmental adaptability of an air-cooled fuel cell system. This patent is not applicable to liquid cooled fuel cells.
For example, chinese patent CN111430754A relates to a solid hydrogen storage waste heat recovery device for a hydrogen fuel cell, which includes a solid hydrogen storage cylinder and a housing, the solid hydrogen storage cylinder is disposed in the housing, the upper end of the housing is connected with a head, a gas distribution plate is disposed between the housing and the head, through holes are uniformly arranged on the gas distribution plate along the circumferential direction, a finned tube is disposed between the housing and the solid hydrogen storage cylinder, a gas inlet is disposed at one side of the head, the gas inlet is connected with a cathode tail gas inlet connection tube, a gas outlet is disposed at the other side of the bottom of the housing, the gas outlet is connected with a cathode tail gas outlet connection tube, the cathode tail gas inlet connection tube is used for introducing the cathode tail gas after the reaction of the hydrogen fuel cell, the cathode tail gas flows into the finned tube after flowing into the head from the cathode tail gas inlet connection tube and uniformly distributed by the gas distribution plate, and flows out from the cathode tail gas outlet connection tube after the finned tube releases waste heat. The patent utilizes the cathode tail gas to heat the solid hydrogen storage, does not act on the heat emission generated by the fuel cell, but increases the pressure loss at the cathode emission end, and has poor performance.
How to provide a hydrogen storage device which has simple scheme, easy realization, high efficiency and small volume and can be used for solid-state coupling of a fuel cell system is a technical problem which is not solved in the prior art.
Furthermore, on the one hand, due to the differences in understanding to the person skilled in the art; on the other hand, since the inventor has studied a lot of documents and patents when making the present invention, but the space is not limited to the details and contents listed in the above, however, the present invention is by no means free of the features of the prior art, but the present invention has been provided with all the features of the prior art, and the applicant reserves the right to increase the related prior art in the background.
Disclosure of Invention
The solid alloy hydrogen storage fuel cell system in the prior art generally has the defects of complex structure, large volume and difficult operation and treatment. For example, chinese patent CN110165262B discloses a light solid hydrogen storage power system for recycling water in fuel cell exhaust, hydrogen gas discharged from the hydrogen source system of the system enters a hydrogen fuel cell, exhaust gas and part of air generated by the hydrogen fuel cell enter a water vapor cooling device, and cooling water condensed by the water vapor cooling device is injected into the hydrogen source system through a water outlet pipeline and a water inlet pipeline. However, the present invention integrates hydrogen storage with a battery, and has a complicated structure, a fixed volume of a hydrogen storage part, no good expandability, and poor performance for a fuel cell.
Furthermore, the current applications of solid-state hydrogen storage are still in early development, and most of the applications of hydrogen supply by using solid-state hydrogen storage devices are low-power fuel cell systems. The electric pile structure adopted in the low-power fuel cell system is mainly an air cooling structure, and the air-cooled electric pile does not have cooling liquid and a cooling flow channel, so that the prior art utilizes 'wind' of an air cooling mode to heat the hydrogen storage tank is a technical means generally adopted by a person skilled in the art.
For a high-power fuel cell, especially a fuel cell system with a cooling water system, the prior art generally adopts a radiating pipe to wind a hydrogen storage device for supplying heat, but the contact surface between the radiating pipe and the outer wall of the hydrogen storage device is small, and a layer of pipeline is additionally arranged between cooling liquid and the hydrogen storage device, so that the heat exchange efficiency is poor, the circulation path of cooling water is prolonged, and the water circulation speed is reduced. Furthermore, on the basis that the radiating pipe needs to be wound and deformed, the process difficulty of forming the wound hydrogen storage device by using the radiating pipe with a larger diameter size is larger, so that the diameter size of the radiating pipe is greatly limited. Therefore, the current method of using the radiating pipe to supply heat for the hydrogen storage device has a great defect for high-power fuel cell stacks: the heat exchange rate of the hydrogen storage device is poor, the cooling liquid circulation of the galvanic pile is slow, and the heat dissipation of the galvanic pile is poor. This drawback is an intolerable drawback for high power stacks that require rapid heat dissipation.
The invention aims to provide a fuel cell cooling system based on cooling coupled thermal control, which can be applied to cooling loops of different forms by contacting all or part of the surface area of a hydrogen storage device with cooling liquid. Specifically, the hydrogen storage device is arranged in the cooling system, so that the heat absorption requirement of the hydrogen storage device in the hydrogen releasing process is met, and the cooling requirement of the cooling system is met, so that waste heat in the fuel cell can be effectively utilized for releasing hydrogen, and the hydrogen releasing performance is improved. Compared with a complex heat exchange mechanism in the prior art, the hydrogen storage device is only required to be placed in the cooling liquid of the cooling loop, so that the heat exchange structure is simplified, and an additional complex structural design is not required.
In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a fuel cell cooling system based on cooling coupling thermal control, which at least comprises a cooling liquid tank and a heat dissipation device, and further comprises a hydrogen storage device connected with the electric pile, wherein under the condition that the cooling system of the electric pile is formed by at least the water tank and the heat dissipation device, the whole volume or part volume of at least one hydrogen storage device is arranged in the cooling liquid tank, and when the hydrogen storage device releases hydrogen, the cooling liquid provides heat energy for the hydrogen storage device in a heat exchange mode and promotes the hydrogen storage device to release hydrogen.
When the electric pile stops working and the hydrogen storage device is filled with hydrogen, the cooling liquid absorbs the heat energy released by the hydrogen storage device in a heat exchange mode and promotes the hydrogen storage device to be filled with hydrogen.
During the period of using the fuel cell, the hydrogen storage device releases hydrogen gas, and the fuel cell stack generates electricity. When the hydrogen storage device is lack of hydrogen, the hydrogen storage device needs to be filled with hydrogen to supplement the hydrogen, and at the moment, the fuel cell stack stops working and is in a shutdown state. When the fuel cell is in a shutdown state, the cooling liquid can pass through and circulate from the original path in the electric pile.
The cooling system of the invention can generate a large amount of heat when the fuel cell stack generates electricity, and the fuel cell stack is a heat source at the moment. When the hydrogen storage device is filled with hydrogen, the hydrogen storage device generates a large amount of heat, and the hydrogen storage device is a heat source at the moment. That is, in the cooling system of the fuel cell of the present invention, there is always one heat source, which is a fuel cell stack or a hydrogen storage device. In the cooling system, the cooling fluid can be used to cool the heat source (fuel cell stack or hydrogen storage device).
Both the heat energy dissipated by the stack during stack power generation and the heat energy dissipated by the hydrogen storage device during hydrogen charging of the hydrogen storage device can be absorbed by the coolant. The cooling system of the present invention further includes a heat radiation system such as a radiator fan, and can further convert or absorb the thermal energy absorbed by the coolant.
The invention uses hydrogen released by hydrogen storage to absorb the heat of the cooling system and simultaneously reduces the heat dissipation capacity of the heat dissipation device. Generally, a heat dissipation device needs to dissipate heat through a fan and a heat sink, and reducing the amount of heat dissipation means reducing the energy consumption for heat dissipation. Compared with the complex heat exchange structure adopted by the prior art, the structure of the invention is very simple, and the hydrogen storage device only needs to be placed in the cooling liquid of the cooling loop without additional complex structural design.
The electric pile stops working when the hydrogen storage device is charged with hydrogen. Therefore, when the hydrogen storage device is charged with hydrogen, the hydrogen storage device can emit a large amount of heat, and at the moment, the cooling liquid system absorbs and cools the heat emitted by the hydrogen storage device in a heat exchange manner, so that the speed of charging the hydrogen gas can be further improved, and the charging amount of the hydrogen storage device can be increased.
Preferably, the cooling liquid tank provided with the hydrogen storage device is connected in parallel with at least one branch pipeline, wherein one end of the branch pipeline is connected with the cooling pipeline where the cooling liquid tank is located through at least one three-way valve, and the heat exchange efficiency of the cooling liquid and the hydrogen storage device is adjusted in a manner that the flow of the branch pipeline is adjusted based on the three-way valve.
Preferably, the cooling liquid tank provided with the hydrogen storage device is connected with at least one branch pipeline in parallel, wherein the cooling pipeline and/or the branch pipeline where the cooling liquid tank is located is provided with at least one valve, and under the condition that the on-off state of the valve can change the flow of the cooling pipeline, the heat exchange efficiency of the cooling liquid and the hydrogen storage device is adjusted in a mode of adjusting the on-off state of the at least one valve.
The branch pipeline is arranged, so that water flow flowing through the cooling liquid tank can be adjusted according to requirements, and the temperature of cooling liquid contacting with the hydrogen storage device can be controlled. The flow of the cooling pipeline is controlled by controlling the flow of each branch, and the technical effect of adjusting the hydrogen release amount of the hydrogen storage device is achieved.
Preferably, at least one heating component is further arranged in the cooling liquid tank, and the heating component is used for providing heat energy for the hydrogen storage device under the condition that the heat of the cooling liquid is insufficient.
Starting in the galvanic pile cooling state, the temperature of the cooling system is not raised, which is not beneficial to the release of hydrogen, and especially when the temperature is in the environment temperature of zero, sufficient hydrogen pressure can not be obtained; or the fuel cell may not generate enough heat during operation, or may not reach a sufficient hydrogen pressure. The heating assembly is arranged, so that the hydrogen storage device can release enough hydrogen when the galvanic pile is started, and the starting of the galvanic pile is accelerated.
Preferably, a plurality of the coolant tanks provided with the hydrogen storage device are arranged in series and/or in parallel. The flexible arrangement can allow the configuration according to actual sites and power, and can be better applied to various fuel cell systems.
Preferably, the coolant tank in which the hydrogen storage device is disposed downstream of the heat sink to reduce the pressure within the hydrogen storage device.
Preferably, the system further comprises a pump disposed between the outlet of the stack and the coolant tank to reduce the pressure of the stack relative to the outside.
The invention also provides a fuel cell cooling method based on cooling coupling thermal control, which at least comprises the following steps: in the case where at least the water tank and the heat dissipation device constitute a cooling system of the stack, the entire volume or a part of the volume of at least one of the hydrogen storage devices is disposed in the coolant tank, so that the coolant provides the hydrogen storage devices with thermal energy in a heat exchange manner and promotes the hydrogen storage devices to release hydrogen. The method disclosed by the invention is simple to operate and easy to implement, and the waste heat is recycled, so that the cooling pressure of the cooling system is reduced, and the cooling effect is better.
The invention can also utilize the cooling liquid to cool the hydrogen charging process of the hydrogen storage device, so that the hydrogen charging speed of the hydrogen storage device is faster, the hydrogen charging time is shorter, and more hydrogen is charged.
Preferably, the method further comprises: when the electric pile stops working and the hydrogen storage device is filled with hydrogen, the cooling liquid absorbs the heat energy released by the hydrogen storage device in a heat exchange mode and promotes the hydrogen storage device to be filled with hydrogen.
Preferably, the method further comprises: the method comprises the steps that at least one branch pipeline connected with a cooling liquid tank in parallel is arranged, one end of the branch pipeline is connected with the cooling pipeline where the cooling liquid tank is located through at least one three-way valve, and the heat exchange efficiency of cooling liquid and a hydrogen storage device is adjusted in a mode of adjusting the flow of the branch pipeline based on the three-way valve.
The invention also provides a fuel cell based on cooling coupling thermal control, which at least comprises an electric stack and the cooling system based on cooling coupling thermal control. The fuel cell of the invention reduces the working pressure and energy consumption of the heat dissipation device due to the matching arrangement of the hydrogen storage device and the cooling system, has simple structure, small occupied volume and wider range of using the fuel cell.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the basic configuration of a fuel cell cooling system based on cooling coupled thermal control according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the configuration of one of the preferred fuel cell cooling systems of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of another preferred fuel cell cooling system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a partial schematic view of one of the configurations of the bypass line of the coolant system;
FIG. 5 is a partial schematic view of a bypass line of the coolant system;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of another partial configuration of a bypass line of the coolant system;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a cooling system provided with a heating assembly;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a portion of a cooling system having a plurality of hydrogen storage devices;
FIG. 9 is a partial schematic view of a cooling system having a plurality of hydrogen storage devices
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a partial configuration of a cooling system having a plurality of hydrogen storage devices;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a partial configuration of a cooling system having a plurality of hydrogen storage devices;
FIG. 12 is a partial schematic view of a cooling system having a plurality of hydrogen storage devices.
List of reference numerals
1: a galvanic pile; 2: a coolant tank; 3: a hydrogen storage device; 4: a heat sink; 5: a pump; 6: a hydrogen outlet; 7: a three-way valve; 8: a first regulating valve; 9: a second regulating valve; 10: a heating device.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a fuel cell cooling system and method based on cooling coupling thermal control, and further provides a fuel cell based on cooling coupling thermal control.
The stack of the present invention is a component for electrochemical reaction, and an auxiliary system outside the stack provides fuel (such as hydrogen) and oxygen, and the fuel and oxygen react to form water, and simultaneously generate electricity and heat.
The hydrogen storage device in the invention is a solid hydrogen storage device. The two processes of charging and releasing the solid hydrogen storage are in heat exchange, the reaction of the alloy absorbing hydrogen to generate metal hydride is an exothermic reaction, and the process of releasing the hydrogen needs to absorb heat from the outside.
The three-way valve in the present invention means a three-way valve capable of adjusting a flow rate. The first regulating valve and the second regulating valve are both valves capable of regulating flow.
As shown in fig. 1, the fuel cell of the present invention includes a stack 1 and a cooling system. The cooling system comprises at least a cooling liquid tank 2 and a heat sink 4. A large amount of cooling liquid is arranged in the cooling liquid tank. The cooling fluid comprises water or other coolant. The heat sink 4 may be various types of heat sinks. The cooling system may further comprise a pump 5 for driving the flow of cooling liquid in the cooling duct.
In the cooling system, the coolant tank 2, the heat sink 4, and the pump 5 are connected by a cooling line, and the connection order is not limited and may be implemented. Fig. 1 to 3 of the present invention show three connection sequences which are relatively advantageous.
And cooling liquid in the cooling system absorbs heat generated by the galvanic pile to cool the galvanic pile. Generally, the temperature of the cooling liquid discharged by the electric pile is as high as 75 ℃ or even higher, and a large amount of waste heat exists. In order to significantly reduce the temperature of the cooling fluid, the heat sink needs to employ a powerful heat sink. The pump 5 drives the cooling liquid in the cooling pipeline to flow through the galvanic pile 1, the cooling liquid tank 2, the heat dissipation device 4 and the like, and the heat generated by the galvanic pile 1 is taken out through the cooling liquid and heat exchange is realized.
In the cooling system of the present invention, at least one hydrogen storage device 3 is provided in the coolant tank 2. The outer surface of the entire volume or a part of the volume of the hydrogen storage device 3 is in contact with the cooling liquid so that the tank of the hydrogen storage device exchanges heat with the cooling liquid. The hydrogen storage device 3 stores hydrogen gas, is wholly or partially placed in a cooling liquid tank, releases hydrogen gas during operation, and supplies hydrogen gas to the fuel cell system through a hydrogen gas outlet 6. The hydrogen supplied from the hydrogen outlet 6 may be decompressed or provided by other devices to the stack, which is not shown in the figure.
As shown in fig. 1, a coolant outlet of the stack is connected to a coolant tank 2, a heat sink 4, and a pump 5 in this order, and a coolant outlet of the pump 5 is connected to a coolant inlet of the stack. In the process of cooling liquid circulation, the cooling liquid absorbs the heat energy generated by the electric pile.
In the present invention, the temperature of the coolant is raised by the heat generated by the fuel cell stack, and the higher temperature coolant provides heat to the hydrogen storage device in the water tank, which is required for the hydrogen storage device to release hydrogen. The heat dissipation device is arranged at the flowing downstream of the cooling liquid tank, so that the redundant heat which is not completely absorbed by the hydrogen storage device is further dissipated through the heat dissipation device 4, and the dynamic balance of the heat of the cooling system is realized.
The process of releasing hydrogen from the hydrogen storage device requires heat absorption. The invention utilizes the heat generated by the galvanic pile to heat the hydrogen storage device, and utilizes the waste heat generated by the galvanic pile to release hydrogen, thereby improving the performance of hydrogen release. Meanwhile, the process of releasing hydrogen by hydrogen storage absorbs the heat of a cooling system, and the heat dissipation capacity of the heat dissipation device is also reduced. Generally, a heat dissipation device needs to dissipate heat through a fan and a heat sink, and reducing the amount of heat dissipation means reducing the energy consumption required for heat dissipation. Moreover, the method of directly arranging the hydrogen storage device in the cooling liquid tank does not require modification of a large number of pipelines for the cooling system, and does not require additional complicated structural design. Therefore, the application range of the cooling system of the invention is further expanded, and the cooling systems of fuel cells of various models and specifications can be improved to form the technical scheme of the invention.
The hydrogen release rate of the hydrogen storage device is temperature dependent. The higher the temperature, the faster the hydrogen gas is released and the greater the gas pressure the hydrogen storage device is subjected to. When hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device is too much and cannot be released in time, a hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen storage device bears larger pressure, which is not beneficial to the safety control of the hydrogen storage device. In order to solve this drawback, as shown in fig. 2, the coolant tank 2 provided with the hydrogen storage means 3 is disposed downstream of the heat radiating means 4. After the cooling liquid is radiated by the heat radiating device 4 in advance, the temperature of the cooling liquid is reduced, so that the temperature of the cooling liquid around the hydrogen storage device is relatively low, the internal pressure of the hydrogen storage device can be controlled within a lower pressure range according to the characteristic of solid alloy hydrogen storage, and the safety and controllability of the hydrogen storage device are improved.
Preferably, the water pressure at the coolant outlet of the stack is high. In the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the pump 5 is provided at the coolant outlet of the stack 1, and the pressure of the coolant in the stack against the outside can be reduced.
The efficiency of the heat exchange of the cooling fluid with the hydrogen storage device is also related to the flow rate of the cooling fluid. The heat exchange efficiency between the hydrogen storage device and the cooling liquid can be adjusted by adjusting the flow speed or the flow quantity of the cooling liquid, so that the speed of releasing hydrogen of the hydrogen storage device is controlled.
Compared with the scheme of heating the hydrogen storage device by using hot air in the prior art, the invention increases the contact area of heat exchange through liquid heat exchange and has higher heat exchange efficiency.
In order to further adjust the release rate of the hydrogen storage device, the invention is provided with at least one branch pipeline which is connected with the cooling liquid tank 2 in parallel and is used for dividing the cooling liquid so as to reduce the temperature of the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid tank. The flow of the branch pipelines is increased, and the flow of the cooling pipelines is reduced. The flow of the cooling pipeline is increased as the flow of the branch pipeline is less.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 4 to 6, various preferred embodiments are shown. As shown in fig. 4 and 5, one end of the branch line is connected to the cooling line in which the coolant tank 2 is located, through at least one three-way valve 7. The heat exchange efficiency of the coolant with the hydrogen storage means 3 is adjusted in such a manner that the flow rate of the branch line is adjusted based on the three-way valve 7.
The three-way valve 7 is able to regulate the coolant flow of each branch on the basis of the command of the control unit. When the temperature of the cooling liquid tank needs to be reduced, the opening degree of the cooling liquid tank flowing through can be reduced, less high-temperature cooling liquid enters the cooling liquid tank after the flow is reduced, the temperature in the cooling liquid tank is reduced, and the efficiency of hydrogen releasing of the hydrogen storage device is reduced. On the contrary, when the temperature of the cooling liquid tank needs to be increased, the opening degree of the cooling liquid flowing through the cooling liquid tank can be increased, the temperature in the cooling liquid tank is increased, and the efficiency of releasing hydrogen by the hydrogen storage device is improved.
As shown in fig. 6, the coolant tank 2 provided with the hydrogen storage device 3 is connected in parallel with at least one branch line. The cooling line and/or the branch line in which the cooling liquid tank 2 is located is provided with at least one valve. For example, the cooling circuit is provided with at least one first regulating valve 8 and the bypass circuit with at least one second regulating valve 9. In the case where the on-off states of the first and second regulating valves 8 and 9 can change the flow rate of the cooling line, the heat exchange efficiency of the cooling liquid with the hydrogen storage device 3 is adjusted in such a manner that the on-off state of at least one valve is adjusted.
Preferably, the first regulating valve 8 and the second regulating valve 9 comprise two states: a flow-through state and a shut-off state. When the flow rate of the cooling line needs to be increased, the second regulating valve 9 can be closed to increase the flow rate of the cooling line, thereby increasing the temperature of the coolant tank. When the flow of the cooling line needs to be reduced, the second regulating valve 9 can be opened to divide the flow of the cooling line, thereby reducing the temperature of the coolant tank.
When the fuel cell is started in a cold state, the coolant in the cooling system is at normal temperature, and the temperature of the cooling system is not increased, which is disadvantageous to the release of hydrogen gas from the hydrogen storage device. Especially when at sub-zero ambient temperature, the hydrogen release efficiency in the hydrogen storage device is low, and the stack may not obtain sufficient hydrogen pressure; or when the fuel cell runs, the heat generated by the fuel cell is insufficient, and the heat energy provided by the cooling liquid is insufficient, so that the hydrogen pressure in the hydrogen storage device cannot be enough.
In order to solve this drawback, as shown in fig. 7, at least one heating assembly 10 is further provided in the coolant tank 2 of the present invention. In case the heat of the cooling liquid is insufficient, the heating assembly 10 is used to provide thermal energy to the hydrogen storage device 3. The heating member may be a heating wire, a heater, etc., which can be waterproofed, and may also be a heater which cannot be waterproofed and is not placed in the cooling liquid. When the cooling fluid is a non-conductive solution, the heating element disposed in the cooling fluid may also be non-waterproof.
Preferably, the heating assembly of the present invention is not limited to being disposed within the coolant tank, but can be in direct contact with the hydrogen storage device to provide more heat to the hydrogen storage device 3. The heating assembly can be located anywhere that provides thermal energy to the hydrogen storage device.
When it is desired to increase the coolant tank temperature, the heating assembly 10 may be turned on to facilitate the release of hydrogen gas from the hydrogen storage device. When the coolant tank temperature is not needed, the heating assembly 10 may be turned off.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 8 to 12, there are various combinations of the arrangement of the hydrogen storage device and the coolant tank. In the present invention, a plurality of coolant tanks 2 provided with the hydrogen storage device 3 are arranged in series and/or in parallel.
As shown in fig. 5, a coolant tank is provided in the cooling system. One, two or more hydrogen storage devices are arranged in the cooling liquid tank according to requirements. The advantage of this kind of arrangement is that, hydrogen pressure in every hydrogen storage device is less, and the hydrogen that a plurality of hydrogen storage device provided for the pile simultaneously also can satisfy the hydrogen demand. The cooling liquid tank in which the plurality of hydrogen storage devices are provided may be provided in plurality, and the plurality of cooling liquid tanks may be provided in series and/or in parallel.
To further optimize the hydrogen release efficiency of the hydrogen storage apparatus, the present invention exemplifies that a plurality of coolant tanks can be connected in series and/or in parallel. In the coolant tank of fig. 9 to 12 of the present invention, the diagram of the hydrogen storage device 3 shows the presence of the hydrogen storage device, but does not show that the number of hydrogen storage devices in the coolant tank is one. The number of hydrogen storage devices in the coolant tank is not limited.
As shown in fig. 9, a plurality of coolant tanks are provided in the cooling system in series. With such an arrangement, the flow rates of the cooling liquids flowing through the cooling liquid tanks are consistent, but the temperatures of the cooling liquids in contact with each other are different, the temperature in the cooling liquid tank closer to the cell stack 1 is higher, and the temperature farther from the cell stack 1 is lower.
In order to solve the series defect, as shown in fig. 10, a plurality of cooling liquid tanks 2 are connected in parallel, so that the temperature of the cooling liquid in each cooling liquid tank 2 is consistent when entering the cooling liquid tank, and the difference of the hydrogen release efficiency of the hydrogen storage devices of each parallel branch is small.
As shown in fig. 11, the parallel combination of the plurality of coolant tanks is sequentially connected in series in the cooling line, combining the advantages of series and parallel, and reducing the difference in the efficiency of releasing hydrogen gas of each hydrogen storage apparatus. The heat exchange between the hydrogen storage means in the two parallel branches and the cooling liquid is not necessarily exactly the same. During heat exchange, the temperatures of the cooling liquids flowing out of different parallel branches are not completely the same. At this moment, the back is joined at the series circuit to the coolant liquid of different parallel branch road for the temperature of coolant liquid is unified again, gets into each parallel branch road at the reposition of redundant personnel, can avoid the defect of the coolant liquid temperature rapid reduction in a parallel branch road, reduces the coolant liquid temperature that is in the hydrogen storage device contact of the order back position of flowing through and the great defect of coolant liquid temperature difference with self parallel branch road.
As shown in fig. 12, the number of coolant tanks on each parallel branch is not limited to one, and may be two or more.
In the invention, the cooling liquid tank containing the hydrogen storage device can be flexibly arranged in a serial and/or parallel scheme manner, and various arrangement manners are derived, so that the cooling liquid tank can be flexibly configured based on the site where the fuel cell is located and the requirement, the heat management system can be accurately and flexibly controlled, and the application range is wider.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are exemplary, and that those skilled in the art, having benefit of the present disclosure, may devise various arrangements that are within the scope of the present disclosure and that fall within the scope of the invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present specification and figures are illustrative only and are not limiting upon the claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
The present specification encompasses multiple inventive concepts and the applicant reserves the right to submit divisional applications according to each inventive concept. The present description contains several inventive concepts, such as "preferably", "according to a preferred embodiment" or "optionally", each indicating that the respective paragraph discloses a separate concept, the applicant reserves the right to submit divisional applications according to each inventive concept.
Claims (10)
1. A fuel cell cooling system based on cooling coupling heat control at least comprises a cooling liquid tank (2) and a heat dissipation device (4), and is characterized by also comprising a hydrogen storage device (3) connected with the electric pile (1),
in the case of a cooling system of the stack (1) consisting of at least the water tank (2) and the heat dissipation means (4), the entire volume or a part of the volume of at least one of the hydrogen storage means (3) is arranged in the cooling liquid tank (2),
when the hydrogen storage device releases hydrogen, the cooling liquid provides heat energy for the hydrogen storage device in a heat exchange mode and promotes the hydrogen storage device to release hydrogen.
2. The cooling system of a fuel cell based on cooling coupled thermal control according to claim 1, wherein when the stack (1) is out of operation and the hydrogen storage device is charged with hydrogen gas, the cooling fluid absorbs thermal energy released from the hydrogen storage device in a heat exchange manner and facilitates charging of the hydrogen storage device with hydrogen gas.
3. The cooling system for a fuel cell based on cooling coupled thermal control of claim 1,
the coolant tank (2) provided with the hydrogen storage device (3) is connected in parallel with at least one branch line, wherein,
one end of the branch pipeline is connected with the cooling pipeline where the cooling liquid box (2) is positioned through at least one three-way valve (7),
the heat exchange efficiency of the cooling liquid with the hydrogen storage device (3) is adjusted in such a manner that the flow rate of the branch line is adjusted based on a three-way valve (7).
4. Cooling system for a fuel cell based on cooling coupled thermal control according to claim 3, characterized in that the cooling liquid tank (2) provided with the hydrogen storage means (3) is connected in parallel with at least one by-pass line, wherein,
the cooling pipeline and/or the branch pipeline where the cooling liquid tank (2) is arranged is provided with at least one valve,
in case the on-off state of the valve is capable of changing the flow of the cooling line,
the heat exchange efficiency of the cooling liquid with the hydrogen storage means (3) is adjusted in such a manner that the on-off state of at least one valve is adjusted.
5. The cooling system for a fuel cell based on cooling coupled thermal control according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
at least one heating component (10) is also arranged in the cooling liquid tank (2),
the heating assembly (10) is used to provide thermal energy to the hydrogen storage device (3) in case of insufficient heat of the cooling liquid.
6. Cooling system for a fuel cell based on cooling coupled thermal control according to any of claims 1-5, characterized in that the coolant tank (2) where the hydrogen storage means (3) is arranged downstream of the heat sink (4) to reduce the pressure inside the hydrogen storage means (3).
7. The cooling system for a fuel cell based on cooling coupled thermal control according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the system further comprises a pump (5),
the pump (5) is arranged between the outlet of the galvanic pile (1) and the coolant tank (2) in order to reduce the pressure of the galvanic pile (1) relative to the environment.
8. A method for cooling a fuel cell based on cooling coupled thermal control, the method comprising at least:
in the case of a cooling system of the galvanic pile (1) consisting of at least the water tank (2) and the heat dissipation device (4), the entire volume or a partial volume of at least one of the hydrogen storage devices (3) is arranged in the coolant tank (2),
so that the cooling liquid provides heat energy for the hydrogen storage device in a heat exchange manner and promotes the hydrogen storage device to release hydrogen.
9. The method of cooling a fuel cell based on cooling coupled thermal control of claim 8, further comprising:
when the galvanic pile (1) stops working and the hydrogen storage device is filled with hydrogen, the cooling liquid absorbs the heat energy released by the hydrogen storage device in a heat exchange mode and promotes the hydrogen storage device to be filled with hydrogen.
10. A fuel cell based on cooling coupled thermal control,
at least comprising a stack (1) and a fuel cell cooling system based on cooling coupled thermal control according to any of claims 1-7.
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