CN110492135B - Fuel cell automobile waste heat power generation system, working method thereof and fuel cell automobile - Google Patents
Fuel cell automobile waste heat power generation system, working method thereof and fuel cell automobile Download PDFInfo
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- CN110492135B CN110492135B CN201910799184.5A CN201910799184A CN110492135B CN 110492135 B CN110492135 B CN 110492135B CN 201910799184 A CN201910799184 A CN 201910799184A CN 110492135 B CN110492135 B CN 110492135B
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N11/00—Generators or motors not provided for elsewhere; Alleged perpetua mobilia obtained by electric or magnetic means
- H02N11/002—Generators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/40—Combination of fuel cells with other energy production systems
- H01M2250/402—Combination of fuel cell with other electric generators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a fuel cell automobile waste heat power generation system, a working method thereof and a fuel cell automobile. The system comprises a temperature difference power generation module, a DC-DC power module, a fuel cell stack, a fuel cell heat dissipation system and a three-way valve. The invention utilizes the temperature difference power generation and phase change heat storage technology to recycle the waste heat of the fuel cell, can reduce the heat dissipation requirement of the fuel cell, improve the stability of the temperature of the cooling liquid entering the fuel cell stack, enhance the adaptability of the fuel cell automobile in cold areas, realize the rapid cold start of the fuel cell automobile in low-temperature environment, and has the remarkable advantages of simple structure, no need of maintenance, no moving parts, no medium leakage and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cell application, and particularly relates to a fuel cell automobile waste heat power generation system, a working method thereof and a fuel cell automobile.
Background
Fuel cells are capable of directly converting chemical energy stored in fuel into electrical energy through electrochemical reactions, without the limitations of the carnot cycle, and generally have conversion efficiencies above 50%, and are considered to be the preferred power generation technology in the 21 st century. When the fuel cell works, waste heat equivalent to the generated energy is generated, and if part of the heat can be reused for generating electricity, the generating efficiency and the fuel utilization rate can be further improved.
The operating temperature of the fuel cell is about 65 ℃, which belongs to low-grade waste heat, and the fuel cell automobile has no hot water requirement and extremely tight space, so that the low-temperature semiconductor thermoelectric power generation can be adopted as a waste heat utilization technology. The semiconductor thermoelectric power generation thermoelectric material can directly convert heat energy into electric energy, and has the remarkable advantages of simple structure, no need of maintenance, no moving parts, no medium leakage, small volume, light weight, convenient movement, long service life, environmental friendliness and the like. With the development of thermoelectric materials, temperature difference semiconductor materials with higher figure of merit will gradually appear, so that the low-grade waste heat of the fuel cell automobile is subjected to secondary power generation by utilizing temperature difference power generation, and the energy utilization rate can be effectively improved.
When the automobile runs on the road, the conditions of stopping, starting, accelerating, braking, climbing and the like can be met at any time, so that the working state of the automobile fuel cell is discontinuous when the automobile fuel cell works, the released heat is also discontinuous, the temperature of cooling water discharged from a stack is not constant, and the thermoelectric power generation efficiency is reduced.
It would be significant if a technical solution could be provided that fully utilizes the waste heat of the fuel cell operation of an automobile to perform thermoelectric generation.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: in order to solve the problems, the fuel cell automobile waste heat power generation system is provided.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the fuel cell automobile waste heat power generation system comprises a temperature difference power generation module, a DC-DC power supply module, a fuel cell stack, a fuel cell heat dissipation system, a three-way valve, a hydrogen supply system and an air supply system; the fuel cell heat dissipation system comprises a radiator and a cooling circulating water pump; the thermoelectric generation module comprises a hot surface, a cold surface, a thermoelectric generation sheet array arranged between the cold surface and the hot surface, a heat storage box fixed with the hot surface, and a cooling fin fixed with the cold surface, wherein the thermoelectric generation sheet array is provided with an output electrode, and the heat storage box is provided with an inlet and an outlet; the heat storage box is made of heat conduction metal materials, phase change materials are filled in the heat storage box, unfilled vacuum spaces are reserved in the heat storage box, liquid pipelines are arranged in the heat storage box, two ends of each pipeline are respectively used as an outlet of the heat storage box and an inlet of the heat storage box, and the pipelines are immersed in the phase change materials.
The fuel cell stack has a coolant outlet, a coolant inlet, an air outlet, a hydrogen inlet, and a hydrogen outlet. The radiator is provided with a cooling liquid inlet and a cooling liquid outlet.
The connection relation of each part is as follows:
the cooling liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack is connected with the outlet of the cooling circulating water pump, and the cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell stack is connected with the inlet of the heat storage box of the thermoelectric power generation module; the hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet are connected with an external hydrogen supply system; the air inlet and the air outlet are connected with an external air supply system.
The outlet of the heat storage box is connected with the inlet of the three-way valve, one outlet of the three-way valve is connected with the cooling liquid inlet of the radiator, and the other outlet of the three-way valve is connected with the cooling liquid outlet of the radiator together with the inlet of the cooling circulating water pump.
And an output electrode of the thermoelectric generation module is connected with the DC-DC power module.
Further, the thermoelectric generation sheets of the thermoelectric generation sheet array are semiconductor thermoelectric generation sheets.
Further, the CAN bus is utilized to control the DC-DC power module.
Further, the heat storage box is fixed on the hot face through heat conduction silica gel, and/or the radiating fin is fixed on the cold face through heat conduction silica gel.
Further, the cooling fin is arranged perpendicular to the cold face.
The working method of the fuel cell automobile waste heat power generation system comprises the following steps:
step one: and (3) outputting cooling liquid to the heat storage box when the fuel cell works, if the phase change material works in a phase change state, performing the step four after the step two, and if the phase change material has completely changed phase and works in a sensible heat storage state, performing the step four after the step three.
Step two: and closing the three-way valve to connect the outlet of the radiator, enabling the cooling liquid to flow along the pipeline in the heat storage tank, absorbing heat by the heat storage tank if the temperature of the cooling liquid is higher than the temperature of the phase change material, reducing the temperature of the cooling liquid, releasing heat by the heat storage tank if the temperature of the cooling liquid is lower than the temperature of the phase change material, and increasing the temperature of the cooling liquid, so that the temperature of the cooling liquid of the fuel cell stack is kept constant, and the radiator 52 does not work.
Step three: and opening the three-way valve to connect the outlet of the radiator, starting the radiator, closing the three-way valve to connect the outlet of the cooling circulating water pump, actively radiating, and regulating the temperature of the cooling liquid.
Step four: the temperature difference is generated at the cold and hot ends of the thermoelectric generation sheet array, and the thermoelectric generation sheet array outputs electric energy to the DC-DC power module.
The working method of the fuel cell automobile waste heat power generation system comprises the steps of stopping the fuel cell, releasing heat from the heat storage box, closing an outlet of the three-way valve connected with the radiator, opening the other outlet, and enabling the cooling circulating water pump to work at a low speed.
Further, the method also comprises the step of controlling the three-way valve to open an outlet connected with the radiator, closing the other outlet, releasing heat through the heat storage box and preheating the system.
Further, the method also comprises the step of outputting electric energy to the energy storage battery and/or the electric equipment by the DC-DC power supply module.
A fuel cell automobile comprises the fuel cell automobile waste heat power generation system.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of adopting the technical scheme are as follows:
the invention designs a novel waste heat temperature difference power generation technical scheme, which can be better applied to fuel cell batteries and can better utilize the waste heat of the batteries to generate power. The power generation efficiency of the fuel cell is improved, and the effect is better as the ambient temperature is lower. The waste heat of the fuel cell is used for thermoelectric power generation, the requirement of heat dissipation of the fuel cell is reduced, the stability of the temperature of the cooling liquid entering the fuel cell stack is improved, and the adaptability of the fuel cell automobile in cold areas is enhanced; and the rapid cold start of the fuel cell automobile in a low-temperature environment is realized.
The invention has the remarkable advantages of simple structure, exquisite design, no maintenance, no moving parts, no medium leakage, small volume, light weight, convenient movement, long service life, environmental protection and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell vehicle cogeneration system.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a thermoelectric generation module.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a thermoelectric generation chip array.
Reference numerals: 1: a thermoelectric generation module; 2: a fuel cell stack; 3: a hydrogen supply system; 4: an air supply system; 5: a fuel cell heat dissipation system; 6: an electric device; 7: a DC-DC power module; 8: an energy storage battery; 11: a heat sink; 12: a thermoelectric generation sheet array; 13: a vacuum layer; 14: a phase change material; 15: a pipe; 16: thermal insulation material, 51: a three-way valve; 52: a heat sink; 53: and (5) cooling the circulating water pump.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a fuel cell automobile waste heat power generation system, a working method thereof and a fuel cell automobile.
As shown in fig. 1, the system includes a thermoelectric generation module 1, a DC-DC power module 7, a fuel cell stack 2, a fuel cell heat dissipation system 5, and a three-way valve 51. The fuel cell heat dissipation system 5 includes a radiator 52 and a cooling circulation water pump 53. It should be understood that when the present system is applied to a fuel cell vehicle, the fuel cell stack 2 is a cell used for the vehicle.
As shown in fig. 2, the thermoelectric generation module 1 comprises a hot face, a cold face, a thermoelectric generation sheet array 12 arranged between the desert and the hot face, a heat storage box fixed with the hot face, and a heat radiation sheet 11 fixed with the cold face, wherein the thermoelectric generation sheet array 12 is provided with an output electrode, and the heat storage box is provided with an inlet and an outlet.
The heat storage box is made of heat conduction metal materials, the phase change material 14 is filled in the heat storage box, part of space is left unfilled, a pipeline 15 for liquid flow is arranged in the heat storage box, two ends of the pipeline 15 are respectively used as an outlet and an inlet of the heat storage box, the pipeline 15 is immersed in the phase change material 14 and is preferably a passage with a spiral arrangement structure, and the pipeline 15 can be fully contacted with the phase change material 14 through the structure so as to ensure the effectiveness and uniformity of heat exchange. The phase-change heat storage is a technology for storing energy by utilizing the principle that the phase-change material 14 absorbs or releases phase-change latent heat in the processes of solidification/melting, condensation/gasification, desublimation/sublimation and other forms of phase change, and has the characteristics of large heat storage amount per unit mass (volume), small temperature fluctuation (approximate constant temperature in the heat storage and release processes), good chemical stability and safety and the like. The heat storage density is high, so that the heat storage device is suitable for heat energy buffering under the condition of discontinuous heat supply or uncooled heat supply and demand, and in addition, the heat absorption and heat release processes are approximately constant in temperature, so that the temperature of a system can be controlled, and therefore, the phase change heat storage device can be used for smoothing the heat supply of the fuel cell and the temperature of the hot end of constant temperature difference power generation, and the temperature difference power generation efficiency and power generation stability are improved. In addition, the phase-change heat storage device can accumulate heat generated by the fuel cell and use the heat when the internal temperature of the cell is low, so that the adaptability of the fuel cell in cold areas can be enhanced, meanwhile, the low-temperature cold start of the cell can be realized, and the comprehensive energy utilization rate is further improved.
The fuel cell stack 2 has a coolant outlet, a coolant inlet, an air outlet, a hydrogen inlet, and a hydrogen outlet.
The radiator 52 is provided with a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet.
The connection relation of each part of the system is as follows:
the cooling liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack 2 is connected with the outlet of the cooling circulating water pump 53, and the cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell stack 2 is connected with the inlet of the heat storage box of the thermoelectric power generation module 1. The hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet are connected with an external hydrogen supply system 3; the air inlet and the air outlet are connected with an external air supply system 4.
The outlet of the heat storage tank is connected with the inlet of the three-way valve 51, one outlet of the three-way valve 51 is connected with the cooling liquid inlet of the radiator 52, and the other outlet of the three-way valve 51 is connected with the inlet of the cooling circulating water pump 53 together with the cooling liquid outlet of the radiator 52.
The output electrode of the thermoelectric generation module 1 is connected with a DC-DC power module 7.
Preferably, the heat sink 11 is arranged perpendicular to the cold face. The reason is that the invention is especially suitable for automobiles, the cold surface of the thermoelectric generation module 1 is arranged at the top of the automobile and exposed in the environment, the heat dissipation effect can be enhanced when the automobile runs, and the larger temperature difference of the cold and hot surfaces of the thermoelectric generation chip array 12 is maintained.
Preferably, the heat storage tank is fixed on the hot side by means of heat conducting silicone and/or the heat sink 11 is fixed on the cold side by means of heat conducting silicone. The heat-conducting silica gel is a high-end heat-conducting compound, has the characteristics of no solidification and no electric conduction, and can avoid risks such as short circuit and the like.
Preferably, the heat dissipation circuit formed by the fuel cell stack 2, the thermoelectric generation module 1, the three-way valve 51 and the pipe 15 connecting them is encapsulated by the heat insulating material 16, so that the heat loss of the heat dissipation circuit during stopping is reduced.
Further, the output end of the DC-DC power supply module 7 is connected with an energy storage battery 8 and/or electric equipment 6. It should be noted that the energy storage battery 8 is not necessarily an inherent part of the present system, and may or may not be part of the present system, and is within the scope of the present invention. The energy storage battery 8 can store the generated energy. The consumer 6 can then directly use the generated energy.
Preferably, the CAN bus is used to control the DC-DC power module 7 to output different voltage levels (such as 12V,24V,48V, etc.) and current values.
A detailed view of thermoelectric chip array 12 is shown in fig. 3. As can be seen from the figure, the present embodiment uses a semiconductor thermoelectric generation sheet. In each row or each column, N-type semiconductors and P-type semiconductors are alternately arranged, the semiconductors in the same row are connected in series, the semiconductors in each row are connected in series, output electrodes are fixed on the semiconductors at two ends, and other series-parallel connection modes can be selected according to actual conditions. The invention adopts the semiconductor thermoelectric generation technology to recycle waste heat. The semiconductor thermoelectric power generation thermoelectric material can directly convert heat energy into electric energy, and has the remarkable advantages of simple structure, no need of maintenance, no moving parts, no medium leakage, small volume, light weight, convenient movement, long service life, environmental friendliness and the like. The larger the temperature difference of the cold and hot surfaces of the thermoelectric power generation is, the higher the efficiency is. The thermoelectric generation piece is made of semiconductor thermoelectric materials and is provided with an electric energy output end. The output electric energy can be stored or used after being converted.
The working flow of the system is as follows:
step one: the fuel cell works, the cooling liquid is output to the heat storage box, if the phase change material 14 works in a phase change state, the second step is carried out, and if the phase change material 14 has completely changed phase and works in a sensible heat storage state, the third step is carried out;
step two: closing the three-way valve 51 to connect the outlet of the radiator 52, and enabling the cooling liquid to flow along the pipeline 15 in the heat storage tank, wherein if the temperature of the cooling liquid is higher than that of the phase change material 14, the hot end heat storage tank absorbs heat to reduce the temperature of the cooling liquid, otherwise, if the temperature of the cooling liquid is lower than that of the phase change material 14, the hot end heat storage tank releases heat to increase the temperature of the cooling liquid, so that the temperature of the cooling liquid of the fuel cell stack 2 is kept constant, and the radiator 52 does not work;
step three: the three-way valve 51 is opened to be connected with the outlet of the radiator 52, the radiator 52 is started, the three-way valve 51 is closed to be connected with the outlet of the cooling circulating water pump 53, active heat dissipation is carried out, and the temperature of the cooling liquid is regulated.
Step four: the thermoelectric generation sheet array 12 generates a temperature difference at the cold and hot ends, and the thermoelectric generation sheet array 12 outputs electric energy to the DC-DC power module 7.
Further comprising the step of the DC-DC power module 7 outputting electrical energy to the energy storage battery 8 and/or the consumer 6.
Further, the method further comprises the steps of stopping the operation of the fuel cell, releasing heat from the heat storage tank, closing the outlet of the three-way valve 51 connected with the radiator 52, opening the other outlet, and operating the cooling circulating water pump 53 at a low speed (low power consumption mode) to keep the temperature of the fuel cell stack 2.
Further, the method further comprises the step of controlling the three-way valve 51 to open an outlet connected with the radiator 52, closing the other outlet, and preheating the system by heat release of the hot-end heat storage box, thereby realizing rapid cold start of the fuel cell. This step is particularly useful for system warm-up at vehicle start-up.
The invention also discloses a fuel cell automobile, which comprises the fuel cell automobile waste heat power generation system, wherein the fuel cell stack 2 is an inherent battery of the automobile, and the radiating fins 11 are preferably arranged to protrude from the roof of the automobile so as to increase the temperature difference to the greatest extent possible and improve the power generation efficiency.
The invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The invention extends to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the features disclosed in this specification, as well as to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the steps of the method or process disclosed. It is intended that insubstantial changes or modifications from the invention as described herein be covered by the claims below, as viewed by a person skilled in the art, without departing from the true spirit of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The working method of the fuel cell automobile waste heat power generation system is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one: the fuel cell works, a cooling liquid is output to the heat storage box, if the phase change material works in a phase change state, the step four is carried out after the step two, and if the phase change material has completely changed phase and works in a sensible heat storage state, the step four is carried out after the step three;
step two: closing the three-way valve to connect the outlet of the radiator, enabling the cooling liquid to flow along the pipeline in the heat storage tank, absorbing heat by the heat storage tank if the temperature of the cooling liquid is higher than the temperature of the phase change material, reducing the temperature of the cooling liquid, releasing heat by the heat storage tank if the temperature of the cooling liquid is lower than the temperature of the phase change material, and increasing the temperature of the cooling liquid, so that the temperature of the cooling liquid of the fuel cell stack is kept constant, and the radiator does not work;
step three: opening a three-way valve to be connected with an outlet of the radiator, starting the radiator, closing the three-way valve to be connected with an outlet of the cooling circulating water pump, performing active heat dissipation, and adjusting the temperature of cooling liquid;
step four: the temperature difference is generated at the cold and hot ends of the thermoelectric generation sheet array, and the thermoelectric generation sheet array outputs electric energy to the DC-DC power module;
the fuel cell automobile waste heat power generation system comprises:
the system comprises a temperature difference power generation module, a DC-DC power module, a fuel cell stack, a fuel cell heat dissipation system, a three-way valve, a hydrogen supply system and an air supply system; the fuel cell heat dissipation system comprises a radiator and a cooling circulating water pump; the thermoelectric generation module comprises a hot surface, a cold surface, a thermoelectric generation sheet array arranged between the cold surface and the hot surface, a heat storage box fixed with the hot surface, and a cooling fin fixed with the cold surface, wherein the thermoelectric generation sheet array is provided with an output electrode, and the heat storage box is provided with an inlet and an outlet; the heat storage box is made of heat conduction metal materials, phase change materials are filled in the heat storage box, unfilled vacuum spaces are reserved in the heat storage box, liquid pipelines are arranged in the heat storage box, two ends of each pipeline are respectively used as an outlet of the heat storage box and an inlet of the heat storage box, and the pipelines are immersed in the phase change materials;
the fuel cell stack is provided with a cooling liquid outlet, a cooling liquid inlet, an air outlet, a hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen outlet;
the radiator is provided with a cooling liquid inlet and a cooling liquid outlet;
the connection relation of each part is as follows:
the cooling liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack is connected with the outlet of the cooling circulating water pump, and the cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell stack is connected with the inlet of the heat storage box of the thermoelectric power generation module; the hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet are connected with an external hydrogen supply system; the air inlet and the air outlet are connected with an external air supply system;
the outlet of the heat storage tank is connected with the inlet of the three-way valve, one outlet of the three-way valve is connected with the cooling liquid inlet of the radiator, and the other outlet of the three-way valve is connected with the cooling liquid outlet of the radiator together with the inlet of the cooling circulating water pump;
and an output electrode of the thermoelectric generation module is connected with the DC-DC power module.
2. The method of operating a fuel cell vehicle cogeneration system of claim 1, further comprising the steps of stopping the operation of the fuel cell, releasing heat from the heat storage tank, closing the outlet of the three-way valve connected to the radiator, opening the other outlet, and operating the cooling circulation water pump at a low speed.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of controlling a three-way valve to open an outlet connected to a radiator, closing another outlet, releasing heat through a heat storage tank, and preheating the system.
4. The method of operating a fuel cell vehicle cogeneration system of claim 1, further comprising the step of the DC-DC power module outputting electrical energy to an energy storage battery and/or to powered equipment.
5. The method of operating a fuel cell automotive cogeneration system of claim 1 wherein the thermoelectric generation sheets of the thermoelectric generation sheet array are semiconductor thermoelectric generation sheets.
6. The method of operating a fuel cell automotive cogeneration system of claim 1, wherein the DC-DC power module is controlled using a CAN bus.
7. The method of operating a fuel cell automotive cogeneration system of claim 1, wherein the heat storage tank is secured to the hot side by thermally conductive silicone and/or the heat sink is secured to the cold side by thermally conductive silicone.
8. The method of operating a fuel cell automotive cogeneration system of claim 1, wherein the heat sink is disposed perpendicular to the cold face.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910799184.5A CN110492135B (en) | 2019-08-28 | 2019-08-28 | Fuel cell automobile waste heat power generation system, working method thereof and fuel cell automobile |
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| CN201910799184.5A CN110492135B (en) | 2019-08-28 | 2019-08-28 | Fuel cell automobile waste heat power generation system, working method thereof and fuel cell automobile |
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| CN110492135B true CN110492135B (en) | 2023-08-22 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111082094B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2021-10-29 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Cold start device, fuel cell engine and cold start method |
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