CN110311153B - End plate for fuel cell stack and working mode thereof - Google Patents
End plate for fuel cell stack and working mode thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110311153B CN110311153B CN201910578084.XA CN201910578084A CN110311153B CN 110311153 B CN110311153 B CN 110311153B CN 201910578084 A CN201910578084 A CN 201910578084A CN 110311153 B CN110311153 B CN 110311153B
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 144
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 211
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 211
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 202
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 171
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 197
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
- H01M8/04328—Temperature; Ambient temperature of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
- H01M8/04358—Temperature; Ambient temperature of the coolant
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04388—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/247—Arrangements for tightening a stack, for accommodation of a stack in a tank or for assembling different tanks
- H01M8/2475—Enclosures, casings or containers of fuel cell stacks
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
An end plate for a fuel cell stack comprises a front end plate and a rear end plate, wherein the front end plate is attached to a front insulating plate of the fuel cell stack, and the rear end plate is attached to a rear insulating plate. The front end plate is provided with an air inlet and a hydrogen inlet above the front end surface, a cooling liquid inlet is arranged below the front end plate, and a first air diversion cavity communicated with the air inlet, a first hydrogen diversion cavity communicated with the hydrogen inlet and a first cooling liquid diversion cavity communicated with the cooling liquid inlet are arranged on the rear end surface of the front end plate. The air outlet and the hydrogen outlet are arranged below the rear end face of the rear end plate, the cooling liquid outlet is arranged above the rear end plate, and the front end face of the rear end plate is provided with a second air diversion cavity communicated with the air outlet, a second hydrogen diversion cavity communicated with the hydrogen outlet and a second cooling liquid diversion cavity communicated with the cooling liquid outlet. The invention provides a working mode of the multifunctional end plate. The invention can meet the use requirement of the high-power fuel cell stack, reduce the impact of the gas flow change on the stack and simplify the structure of the fuel cell system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a multifunctional end plate for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack and a working mode thereof, belonging to the technical field of fuel cells.
Background
End plates of a fuel cell stack cooperate with fasteners to provide packaging for internal components and are an important component in determining the overall performance of the stack. Common end plate forms include: square end plates, cylindrical end plates, D-shaped end plates, etc.
The existing fuel cell end plate has simple function, is directly communicated with the internal component channel of the fuel cell stack through a circular channel, and after a reaction medium enters the internal component channel from the end plate channel, the pressure distribution is uneven, so that the internal reaction of the fuel cell stack is uneven, and the performance and the service life of the fuel cell stack are affected; particularly, when the reactor medium pressure is further increased, the non-uniformity is more obvious, and the use requirement of the high-power fuel cell stack cannot be met. And when the working condition of the high-power fuel cell stack is changed, the impact of the gas flow change on the stack is large, and the performance and the service life of the fuel cell stack are affected.
Meanwhile, the current fuel cell engine system is complex in structure, pressure sensors, temperature sensors and connecting assemblies are all arranged on a pile connecting pipeline, medium pipelines are long, the arrangement difficulty is high, the electric wiring is complex, the number of leakage points is large, the maintenance is inconvenient, the space is large, and the large-scale popularization requirement of future fuel cells is difficult to meet.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: overcomes the defects of the prior art and provides an end plate for a fuel cell stack and a working mode thereof.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an end plate for a fuel cell stack comprises a front end plate and a rear end plate, wherein the front end plate is fixed on a front insulating plate of the fuel cell stack, and the rear end plate is fixed on a rear insulating plate of the fuel cell stack;
an air inlet and a hydrogen inlet are formed in the upper part of the front end face of the front end plate, a cooling liquid inlet is formed in the middle of the lower part of the front end plate, a first air diversion cavity, a first hydrogen diversion cavity and a first cooling liquid diversion cavity are formed in the rear end face of the front end plate, the air inlet is communicated with the first air diversion cavity, the hydrogen inlet is communicated with the first hydrogen diversion cavity, the cooling liquid inlet is communicated with the first cooling liquid diversion cavity, a diversion outlet of the first air diversion cavity is jointed with an air channel on a front insulating plate of the fuel cell system, a diversion outlet of the first hydrogen diversion cavity is jointed with a hydrogen channel on the front insulating plate of the fuel cell system, and a diversion outlet of the first cooling liquid diversion cavity is jointed with a cooling liquid channel on the front insulating plate of the fuel cell system;
the air outlet is communicated with the second air diversion cavity, the hydrogen outlet is communicated with the second hydrogen diversion cavity, the cooling liquid outlet is communicated with the second cooling liquid diversion cavity, a diversion inlet of the second air diversion cavity is jointed with an air channel on an insulating plate behind a fuel cell system, a diversion inlet of the second hydrogen diversion cavity is jointed with a hydrogen channel on the insulating plate behind the fuel cell system, and a diversion inlet of the second cooling liquid diversion cavity is jointed with a cooling liquid channel on the insulating plate behind the fuel cell system.
The first air diversion cavity, the first hydrogen diversion cavity, the first cooling liquid diversion cavity, the second air diversion cavity, the second hydrogen diversion cavity and the second cooling liquid diversion cavity are fan-like cavities, the sectional areas of the fan-like cavities gradually become larger from the end plate medium channels to the edge of the end plate, the fan-like cavities are provided with linear medium channels at the edge of the end plate, a plurality of medium flow channels are arranged in the fan-like cavities from the end plate medium channels to the linear medium channels, and the edges of the fan-like cavities except the linear medium channels are arc-shaped;
the linear medium channels of the first air diversion cavity, the first hydrogen diversion cavity and the first cooling liquid diversion cavity are diversion outlets, and the linear medium channels of the second air diversion cavity, the second hydrogen diversion cavity and the second cooling liquid diversion cavity are diversion inlets.
The cross section area of the first air diversion cavity is at least twice that of the first hydrogen diversion cavity, and the cross section area of the second air diversion cavity is at least twice that of the second hydrogen diversion cavity.
An air inlet temperature sensor interface is arranged on the upper surface of the front end plate and close to the air inlet; an air inlet pressure sensor interface is arranged on the side surface of the front end plate, which is close to the air inlet; the air inlet temperature sensor interface and the air inlet pressure sensor interface are communicated with the air inlet through an internal channel; an air inlet temperature sensor is arranged at the front end of an air inlet temperature sensor interface, and an air inlet pressure sensor is arranged at the front end of an air inlet pressure sensor interface;
an air outlet temperature sensor interface is arranged on the lower surface of the rear end plate and close to the air outlet; an air outlet pressure sensor interface is arranged on the side surface of the rear end plate, which is close to the air outlet, and the air outlet temperature sensor interface and the air outlet pressure sensor interface are communicated with the air outlet through an internal channel; an air outlet temperature sensor is arranged at the front end of the air outlet temperature sensor interface, and an air outlet pressure sensor is arranged at the front end of the air outlet pressure sensor interface.
The upper surface of the front end plate is provided with a hydrogen inlet temperature sensor interface close to the hydrogen inlet; the side surface of the front end plate, which is close to the hydrogen inlet, is provided with a hydrogen inlet pressure sensor interface, and the hydrogen inlet temperature sensor interface and the hydrogen inlet pressure sensor interface are communicated with the hydrogen inlet through an internal channel; the front end of the hydrogen inlet temperature sensor interface is provided with a hydrogen inlet temperature sensor, and the front end of the hydrogen inlet pressure sensor interface is provided with a hydrogen inlet pressure sensor;
the lower surface of the rear end plate is provided with a hydrogen outlet temperature sensor interface close to the hydrogen outlet; the side surface of the rear end plate, which is close to the hydrogen outlet, is provided with a hydrogen outlet pressure sensor interface, and the hydrogen outlet temperature sensor interface and the hydrogen outlet pressure sensor interface are communicated with the hydrogen outlet through an internal channel; the front end of the hydrogen outlet temperature sensor interface is provided with a hydrogen outlet temperature sensor, and the front end of the hydrogen outlet pressure sensor interface is provided with a hydrogen outlet pressure sensor.
The lower surface of the front end plate is provided with a cooling liquid inlet temperature sensor interface close to the cooling liquid inlet; the side surface of the front end plate, which is close to the cooling liquid inlet, is provided with a cooling liquid inlet pressure sensor interface, and the cooling liquid inlet temperature sensor interface and the cooling liquid inlet pressure sensor interface are communicated with the cooling liquid inlet through an internal channel; a cooling liquid inlet temperature sensor is arranged at the front end of the cooling liquid inlet temperature sensor interface, and a cooling liquid inlet pressure sensor is arranged at the front end of the cooling liquid inlet pressure sensor interface;
the upper surface of the rear end plate is provided with a cooling liquid outlet temperature sensor interface close to the cooling liquid outlet; the side surface of the rear end plate is provided with a cooling liquid outlet pressure sensor interface close to the cooling liquid outlet, and the cooling liquid outlet temperature sensor interface and the cooling liquid outlet pressure sensor interface are communicated with the cooling liquid outlet through an internal channel; the front end of the cooling liquid outlet temperature sensor interface is provided with a cooling liquid outlet temperature sensor, and the front end of the cooling liquid outlet pressure sensor interface is provided with a cooling liquid outlet pressure sensor.
The thicknesses of the front end plate and the rear end plate are both larger than 20mm; the first air diversion cavity, the first hydrogen diversion cavity and the first cooling liquid diversion cavity have the same depth and are smaller than 50% of the thickness of the front end plate, and the second air diversion cavity, the second hydrogen diversion cavity and the second cooling liquid diversion cavity have the same depth and are smaller than 50% of the thickness of the rear end plate.
Reinforcing ribs are designed on the front end plate and the rear end plate.
The hydrogen outlet of the rear end plate is connected with a gas-water separator.
An end plate for a fuel cell stack is operated by the steps of:
(1) When the fuel cell is in operation, air enters an air inlet on the front end plate after being filtered, pressurized, cooled and humidified, the air inlet pressure sensor collects the pressure when the air enters the fuel cell stack, and the air inlet temperature sensor collects the temperature when the air enters the fuel cell stack; air enters the first air diversion cavity on the front end plate after entering the air inlet, and enters the fuel cell stack air channel for reaction after being buffered and diversion by the first air diversion cavity; after the reaction of the fuel cell stack, residual gas flows out through an air outlet of the rear end plate after being buffered and guided by a second air guide cavity of the rear end plate, the pressure of the air leaving the fuel cell stack is collected by an air outlet pressure sensor, and the temperature of the air leaving the fuel cell stack is collected by an air outlet temperature sensor;
(2) The cooling liquid enters a cooling liquid inlet on the front end plate after the temperature adjustment and the pressurization of the system, a cooling liquid inlet pressure sensor collects the pressure when the cooling liquid enters the fuel cell stack, and a cooling liquid inlet temperature sensor collects the temperature when the cooling liquid enters the fuel cell stack; the cooling liquid enters the first cooling liquid diversion cavity after entering the cooling liquid inlet, and enters the fuel cell stack after being buffered and diversion by the first cooling liquid diversion cavity; after the cooling liquid enters the fuel cell stack to take away the reaction heat, the cooling liquid flows out through a cooling liquid outlet of the rear end plate after being buffered and guided by a second cooling liquid guide cavity of the rear end plate, a pressure sensor at the cooling liquid outlet collects the pressure of the cooling liquid when the cooling liquid leaves the fuel cell stack, and a temperature sensor at the cooling liquid outlet collects the temperature of the cooling liquid when the cooling liquid leaves the fuel cell stack;
(3) The hydrogen enters a hydrogen inlet on the front end plate after being depressurized, a hydrogen inlet pressure sensor collects the pressure when the hydrogen enters the fuel cell stack, and a hydrogen inlet temperature sensor collects the temperature when the hydrogen enters the fuel cell stack; hydrogen enters the first hydrogen diversion cavity of the front end plate after entering the hydrogen inlet, and enters the hydrogen channel of the fuel cell stack for reaction after being buffered and diversion by the first hydrogen diversion cavity; after the reaction of the fuel cell stack, the residual gas flows out through a hydrogen outlet of the rear end plate after being buffered and guided by a second hydrogen guide cavity of the rear end plate, a hydrogen outlet pressure sensor collects the pressure when the hydrogen leaves the fuel cell stack, and a hydrogen outlet temperature sensor collects the temperature when the residual hydrogen leaves the fuel cell stack;
(4) The air inlet pressure sensor, the air inlet temperature sensor, the air outlet pressure sensor, the air outlet temperature sensor, the cooling liquid inlet pressure sensor, the cooling liquid inlet temperature sensor, the cooling liquid outlet pressure sensor, the cooling liquid outlet temperature sensor, the hydrogen inlet pressure sensor, the hydrogen inlet temperature sensor, the hydrogen outlet pressure sensor and the hydrogen outlet temperature sensor feed back acquired parameters to a controller of the fuel cell stack, and the controller adjusts the flow and the temperature of air, hydrogen or cooling liquid entering the front end plate according to the pressure and the temperature of each place and the design requirements of the pressure and the temperature.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the invention, the air diversion cavity, the hydrogen diversion cavity and the cooling liquid diversion cavity are respectively arranged on the front end plate and the rear end plate, the functions of buffering and diversion of working media are realized through the design of the shape and the structure of the diversion cavity, the pressure of the media is effectively promoted to be uniformly distributed in the internal channel of the electric pile, when the working condition of the high-power fuel cell pile is changed, the impact of the change of the gas flow on the electric pile is reduced, and the performance of the fuel cell pile and the service life of the fuel cell pile are effectively improved.
(2) The design of the air diversion cavity, the hydrogen diversion cavity and the cooling liquid diversion cavity ensures that the pressure distribution is uniform after the reaction medium (even the reaction medium with high pressure) enters the internal channel of the fuel cell stack, thereby ensuring the internal reaction uniformity of the cell stack, meeting the use requirement of the high-power fuel cell stack, and obviously improving the performance and the service life of the cell stack;
(3) The invention has flexible design, can realize the requirements of different powers of the fuel cell stack by adjusting the number of the end plates, and lays a foundation for the use of the high-power fuel cell stack by arranging the reinforcing ribs on the end plates.
(4) The invention replaces partial pipelines and collecting functions of the fuel cell system on the basis of ensuring the total assembly pressure, insulation and working medium circulation functions of the existing fuel cell stack, and adds the pressure and temperature collecting functions of an air channel, a hydrogen channel and a cooling liquid channel on the front end plate and the rear end plate, thereby greatly simplifying the structure of the fuel cell system, reducing the volume of the system, facilitating the maintenance and reducing the cost of the system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a multi-functional end plate of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the front and rear end surfaces of the front end plate, wherein (a) is the front end surface and (b) is the rear end surface;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the front and rear end surfaces of the rear end plate, wherein (a) is the front end surface and (b) is the rear end surface;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the upper and lower surfaces and side view of the front end plate;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of the upper and lower surfaces and side view of the rear end plate.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention proposes an end plate for a fuel cell stack, comprising a front end plate 1 and a rear end plate 2, the front end plate 1 being fixed to a front insulating plate of the fuel cell stack, and the rear end plate 2 being fixed to a rear insulating plate of the fuel cell stack.
As shown in fig. 2 (a), an air inlet 11 is formed in the upper left side of the front end face of the front end plate 1, a hydrogen inlet 12 is formed in the upper right side of the front end plate, a cooling liquid inlet 13 is formed in the middle of the lower side of the front end plate, a first air diversion cavity 14 is formed in the rear end face of the front end plate 1, as shown in fig. 2 (b), a first hydrogen diversion cavity 15 and a first cooling liquid diversion cavity 16 are formed in the rear end face of the front end plate 1 (the cross section area of the first air diversion cavity 14 is at least 2 times that of the first hydrogen diversion cavity 15), and air entering through the air inlet 11 is conducted to one side of the front end plate 1 through the first air diversion cavity 14 and then enters into the fuel cell stack through an air channel on a front insulating plate of the fuel cell stack; the hydrogen entering from the hydrogen inlet 12 is guided to the other side of the front end plate 1 through the first hydrogen guiding cavity 15, and then enters the fuel cell stack through the hydrogen channel on the front insulating plate of the fuel cell stack; the coolant entering through the coolant inlet 13 is guided to the lower side of the front end plate 1 through the first coolant guiding chamber 16, and then enters the fuel cell stack through the coolant channel at the lower side of the front insulating plate of the fuel cell stack.
As shown in fig. 3 (a), an air outlet 21 is formed in the right lower part of the rear end surface of the rear end plate 2, a hydrogen outlet 22 is formed in the left lower part of the rear end plate, a cooling liquid outlet 23 is formed in the middle of the upper part of the rear end plate, as shown in fig. 3 (b), a second air diversion cavity 24, a second hydrogen diversion cavity 25 (the cross section area of the second air diversion cavity 24 is at least 2 times that of the second hydrogen diversion cavity 25), and a second cooling liquid diversion cavity 26 are formed in the front end surface of the rear end plate 2, and air after the fuel cell stack reaction is conducted through the second air diversion cavity through a rear insulating plate air channel and then returned to the fuel cell system through the air outlet 21; the hydrogen after the fuel cell stack reaction is guided by the air channel of the rear insulating plate through the second hydrogen guiding cavity and then returned to the fuel cell system through the hydrogen outlet 22; the cooling liquid after heat exchange of the fuel cell stack is guided by the second cooling liquid guiding cavity through the cooling liquid channel of the rear insulating plate and then returns to the fuel cell system through the cooling liquid outlet 23.
The first air diversion cavity, the first hydrogen diversion cavity, the first cooling liquid diversion cavity, the second air diversion cavity, the second hydrogen diversion cavity and the second cooling liquid diversion cavity are fan-like cavities, the cross section area of each fan-like cavity gradually increases from the end plate medium channel to the edge of the end plate, each fan-like cavity is provided with a linear medium channel at the edge of the end plate, a plurality of medium flow channels are arranged between the end plate medium channels and the linear medium channels, and the edges of each fan-like cavity except the linear medium channels are arc-shaped.
The linear medium channel (flow guiding inlet) of the first air flow guiding cavity 14 is jointed with the air channel on the front insulating plate of the fuel cell system, the linear medium channel (flow guiding inlet) of the first hydrogen flow guiding cavity 15 is jointed with the hydrogen channel on the front insulating plate of the fuel cell system, the linear medium channel (flow guiding inlet) of the first cooling liquid flow guiding cavity 16 is jointed with the cooling liquid channel on the front insulating plate of the fuel cell system, the linear medium channel (flow guiding outlet) of the second air flow guiding cavity 24 is jointed with the air channel on the rear insulating plate of the fuel cell system, the linear medium channel (flow guiding outlet) of the second hydrogen flow guiding cavity 25 is jointed with the hydrogen channel on the rear insulating plate of the fuel cell system, and the linear medium channel (flow guiding outlet) of the second cooling liquid flow guiding cavity 26 is jointed with the cooling liquid channel on the rear insulating plate of the fuel cell system.
As shown in fig. 4, an air inlet temperature sensor interface 111 is arranged on the upper surface of the front end plate 1 near the air inlet 11, an air inlet pressure sensor interface 112 is arranged on the side surface of the front end plate 1 near the air inlet 11, and the air inlet temperature sensor interface 111 and the air inlet pressure sensor interface 112 are communicated with the air inlet 11 through internal channels; an air inlet temperature sensor is arranged at the front end of an air inlet temperature sensor interface, and an air inlet pressure sensor is arranged at the front end of an air inlet pressure sensor interface.
A hydrogen inlet temperature sensor interface 121 is arranged on the upper surface of the front end plate 1 and close to the hydrogen inlet 12; the side surface of the front end plate 1, which is close to the hydrogen inlet 12, is provided with a hydrogen inlet pressure sensor interface 122, and both the hydrogen inlet temperature sensor interface 121 and the hydrogen inlet pressure sensor interface 122 are communicated with the hydrogen inlet 12 through an internal channel; the front end of the hydrogen inlet temperature sensor interface is provided with a hydrogen inlet temperature sensor, and the front end of the hydrogen inlet pressure sensor interface is provided with a hydrogen inlet pressure sensor.
A cooling liquid inlet temperature sensor interface 131 is arranged on the lower surface of the front end plate 1 and close to the cooling liquid inlet 13; a cooling liquid inlet pressure sensor interface 132 is arranged on the side surface of the front end plate 1 and close to the cooling liquid inlet 13, and the cooling liquid inlet temperature sensor interface 131 and the cooling liquid inlet pressure sensor interface 132 are communicated with the cooling liquid inlet 13 through internal channels; the front end of the cooling liquid inlet temperature sensor interface is provided with a cooling liquid inlet temperature sensor, and the front end of the cooling liquid inlet pressure sensor interface is provided with a cooling liquid inlet pressure sensor.
As shown in fig. 5, an air outlet temperature sensor interface 211 is provided on the lower surface of the rear end plate 2 near the air outlet 21; the side surface of the rear end plate 2, which is close to the air outlet 21, is provided with an air outlet pressure sensor interface 212, and both the air outlet temperature sensor interface 211 and the air outlet pressure sensor interface 212 are communicated with the air outlet 21 through an internal channel; an air outlet temperature sensor is arranged at the front end of the air outlet temperature sensor interface, and an air outlet pressure sensor is arranged at the front end of the air outlet pressure sensor interface.
A hydrogen outlet temperature sensor interface 221 is arranged on the lower surface of the rear end plate 2 and close to the hydrogen outlet 22; the side surface of the rear end plate 2, which is close to the hydrogen outlet 22, is provided with a hydrogen outlet pressure sensor interface 222, and the hydrogen outlet temperature sensor interface 221 and the hydrogen outlet pressure sensor interface 222 are communicated with the hydrogen outlet 22 through internal channels; the front end of the hydrogen outlet temperature sensor interface is provided with a hydrogen outlet temperature sensor, and the front end of the hydrogen outlet pressure sensor interface is provided with a hydrogen outlet pressure sensor.
The upper surface of the rear end plate 2 is provided with a cooling liquid outlet temperature sensor interface 231 near the cooling liquid outlet 23; the side surface of the rear end plate 2, which is close to the cooling liquid outlet 23, is provided with a cooling liquid outlet pressure sensor interface 232, and the cooling liquid outlet temperature sensor interface 231 and the cooling liquid outlet pressure sensor interface 232 are communicated with the cooling liquid outlet 23 through internal channels; the front end of the cooling liquid outlet temperature sensor interface is provided with a cooling liquid outlet temperature sensor, and the front end of the cooling liquid outlet pressure sensor interface is provided with a cooling liquid outlet pressure sensor.
The thicknesses of the front end plate 1 and the rear end plate 2 are both larger than 20mm; the first air diversion cavity, the first hydrogen diversion cavity and the first cooling liquid diversion cavity have the same depth and are smaller than 50% of the thickness of the front end plate 1, and the second air diversion cavity, the second hydrogen diversion cavity and the second cooling liquid diversion cavity have the same depth and are smaller than 50% of the thickness of the rear end plate 2.
Reinforcing ribs are designed on the front end plate 1 and the rear end plate 2. A gas-water separator is connected to the hydrogen outlet 22 of the rear end plate 2.
When the fuel cell is in operation: air enters an air inlet at the left upper part of the front end plate through a channel after being filtered, pressurized, cooled and humidified, the air inlet pressure sensor collects the pressure when the air enters the fuel cell stack, and the air inlet temperature sensor collects the temperature when the air enters the fuel cell stack; air enters the first air diversion cavity on the front end plate after entering the air inlet, and enters the fuel cell stack air channel for reaction after being buffered and diversion by the first air diversion cavity; after the reaction of the fuel cell stack, residual gas flows out through an air outlet of the rear end plate after being buffered and guided by a second air guide cavity of the rear end plate, the pressure of the air leaving the fuel cell stack is collected by an air outlet pressure sensor, and the temperature of the air leaving the fuel cell stack is collected by an air outlet temperature sensor.
When the fuel cell is in operation: the cooling liquid enters a cooling liquid inlet at the middle position below the front end plate through a channel after the temperature of the cooling liquid is regulated and pressurized, a pressure sensor of the cooling liquid inlet collects the pressure when the cooling liquid enters the fuel cell stack, and a temperature sensor of the cooling liquid inlet collects the temperature when the cooling liquid enters the fuel cell stack; the cooling liquid enters the first cooling liquid diversion cavity of the front end plate after entering the cooling liquid inlet, and enters the fuel cell stack after being buffered and diversion by the first cooling liquid diversion cavity; after the cooling liquid enters the fuel cell stack to take away the reaction heat, the cooling liquid enters a cooling liquid outlet at the middle part above the rear end plate after being buffered and guided by a second cooling liquid guide cavity of the rear end plate, a pressure sensor at the cooling liquid outlet collects the pressure of the cooling liquid when the cooling liquid leaves the fuel cell stack, and a temperature sensor at the cooling liquid outlet collects the temperature of the cooling liquid when the cooling liquid leaves the fuel cell stack.
When the fuel cell is in operation: hydrogen enters a hydrogen inlet at the upper right of the front end plate through a pressure reducing passage, a hydrogen inlet pressure sensor collects the pressure when the hydrogen enters the fuel cell stack, and a hydrogen inlet temperature sensor collects the temperature when the hydrogen enters the fuel cell stack; hydrogen enters the first hydrogen diversion cavity of the front end plate after entering the hydrogen inlet, and enters the hydrogen channel of the fuel cell stack for reaction after being buffered and diversion by the first hydrogen diversion cavity; after the reaction of the fuel cell stack, the residual gas flows out through a hydrogen outlet at the left lower part of the rear end plate after being buffered and guided by a second hydrogen guide cavity of the rear end plate, a hydrogen outlet pressure sensor collects the pressure when the hydrogen leaves the fuel cell stack, and a hydrogen outlet temperature sensor collects the temperature when the residual hydrogen leaves the fuel cell stack;
the residual hydrogen is separated from liquid water in the gas-water separator through the gas-water separator connected with the hydrogen outlet of the rear end plate; the residual hydrogen leaves the gas-water separator and then enters a hydrogen circulating pump connected with the gas-water separator; the hydrogen is pressurized by the hydrogen circulating pump and then mixed with hydrogen at the inlet of the fuel cell stack to enter the fuel cell stack for continuous circulation.
The system comprises an air inlet pressure sensor, an air inlet temperature sensor, an air outlet pressure sensor, an air outlet temperature sensor, a cooling liquid inlet pressure sensor, a cooling liquid inlet temperature sensor, a cooling liquid outlet pressure sensor, a cooling liquid outlet temperature sensor, a hydrogen inlet pressure sensor, a hydrogen inlet temperature sensor, a hydrogen outlet pressure sensor and a hydrogen outlet temperature sensor, wherein the collected parameters are fed back to a controller of the fuel cell stack, and the controller adjusts the running state of the system according to the pressure and the temperature of each place and the working condition requirements of the pressure and the temperature, so that the flow and the temperature of air, hydrogen or cooling liquid entering a front end plate meet the target requirements.
The invention replaces part of pipelines and acquisition functions of the fuel cell system on the basis of ensuring that the existing fuel cell stack provides the functions of total assembly pressure, insulation and working medium circulation, particularly increases the functions of diversion and buffering before the reaction of the working medium, and realizes the acquisition of the pressure and the temperature of an air path, a hydrogen path and a cooling liquid path; the hydrogen gas path can realize the functions of hydrogen-water separation, cyclic recovery, heating, humidification and the like for hydrogen gas inlet and outlet. The structure of the fuel cell system is greatly simplified, the system volume is reduced, the overhaul is convenient, and the system cost is reduced; meanwhile, the adaptability of the fuel cell stack, especially the high-power fuel cell stack, to the change of the flow and the pressure of the working medium is met, and the performance of the fuel cell stack and the service life of the fuel cell stack are effectively improved.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications and variations could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and such modifications and variations should also be regarded as being within the scope of the invention.
The non-detailed description of the invention is within the knowledge of a person skilled in the art.
Claims (5)
1. An end plate for a fuel cell stack, characterized by: the device comprises a front end plate (1) and a rear end plate (2), wherein the front end plate (1) is fixed on a front insulating plate of the fuel cell stack, and the rear end plate (2) is fixed on a rear insulating plate of the fuel cell stack;
an air inlet (11) and a hydrogen inlet (12) are arranged above the front end face of the front end plate (1), a cooling liquid inlet (13) is arranged in the middle of the lower part, a first air guide cavity (14), a first hydrogen guide cavity (15) and a first cooling liquid guide cavity (16) are arranged on the rear end face of the front end plate (1), the air inlet (11) is communicated with the first air guide cavity (14), the hydrogen inlet (12) is communicated with the first hydrogen guide cavity (15), the cooling liquid inlet (13) is communicated with the first cooling liquid guide cavity (16), a guide outlet of the first air guide cavity (14) is jointed with an air channel on a front insulating plate of the fuel cell system, and a guide outlet of the first hydrogen guide cavity (15) is jointed with a hydrogen channel on the front insulating plate of the fuel cell system, and a guide outlet of the first cooling liquid guide cavity (16) is jointed with a cooling liquid channel on the front insulating plate of the fuel cell system;
an air outlet (21) and a hydrogen outlet (22) are arranged below the rear end face of the rear end plate (2), a cooling liquid outlet (23) is arranged in the middle of the upper part, a second air diversion cavity (24), a second hydrogen diversion cavity (25) and a second cooling liquid diversion cavity (26) are arranged on the front end face of the rear end plate (2), the air outlet (21) is communicated with the second air diversion cavity (24), the hydrogen outlet (22) is communicated with the second hydrogen diversion cavity (25), the cooling liquid outlet (23) is communicated with the second cooling liquid diversion cavity (26), the diversion inlet of the second air diversion cavity (24) is jointed with an air channel on a rear insulating plate of the fuel cell system, the diversion inlet of the second hydrogen diversion cavity (25) is jointed with a hydrogen channel on the rear insulating plate of the fuel cell system, and the diversion inlet of the second cooling liquid diversion cavity is jointed with a cooling liquid channel on the rear insulating plate of the fuel cell system;
the first air diversion cavity (14), the first hydrogen diversion cavity (15), the first cooling liquid diversion cavity (16), the second air diversion cavity (24), the second hydrogen diversion cavity (25) and the second cooling liquid diversion cavity (26) are fan-like cavities, the cross-sectional area of each fan-like cavity gradually increases from an end plate medium channel to the edge of the end plate, a linear medium channel is arranged at the edge of the end plate in each fan-like cavity, a plurality of medium flow channels are arranged between the end plate medium channels and the linear medium channels in each fan-like cavity, and the edges of each fan-like cavity except the linear medium channels are arc-shaped;
the linear medium channels of the first air diversion cavity (14), the first hydrogen diversion cavity (15) and the first cooling liquid diversion cavity (16) are diversion outlets, and the linear medium channels of the second air diversion cavity (24), the second hydrogen diversion cavity (25) and the second cooling liquid diversion cavity (26) are diversion inlets;
the cross section area of the first air diversion cavity (14) is at least 2 times of the cross section area of the first hydrogen diversion cavity (15), and the additional cross section area of the second air diversion cavity (24) is at least 2 times of the cross section area of the second hydrogen diversion cavity (25);
an air inlet temperature sensor interface (111) is arranged on the upper surface of the front end plate (1) and close to the air inlet (11); an air inlet pressure sensor interface (112) is arranged on the side surface of the front end plate (1) close to the air inlet (11); the air inlet temperature sensor interface (111) and the air inlet pressure sensor interface (112) are communicated with the air inlet (11) through an internal channel; an air inlet temperature sensor is arranged at the front end of an air inlet temperature sensor interface, and an air inlet pressure sensor is arranged at the front end of an air inlet pressure sensor interface;
an air outlet temperature sensor interface (211) is arranged on the lower surface of the rear end plate (2) and close to the air outlet (21); an air outlet pressure sensor interface (212) is arranged on the side surface of the rear end plate (2) close to the air outlet (21), and the air outlet temperature sensor interface (211) and the air outlet pressure sensor interface (212) are communicated with the air outlet (21) through an internal channel; an air outlet temperature sensor is arranged at the front end of the air outlet temperature sensor interface, and an air outlet pressure sensor is arranged at the front end of the air outlet pressure sensor interface;
a hydrogen inlet temperature sensor interface (121) is arranged on the upper surface of the front end plate (1) and close to the hydrogen inlet (12); a hydrogen inlet pressure sensor interface (122) is arranged on the side surface of the front end plate (1) close to the hydrogen inlet (12), and the hydrogen inlet temperature sensor interface (121) and the hydrogen inlet pressure sensor interface (122) are communicated with the hydrogen inlet (12) through internal channels; the front end of the hydrogen inlet temperature sensor interface is provided with a hydrogen inlet temperature sensor, and the front end of the hydrogen inlet pressure sensor interface is provided with a hydrogen inlet pressure sensor;
a hydrogen outlet temperature sensor interface (221) is arranged on the lower surface of the rear end plate (2) and close to the hydrogen outlet (22); the side surface of the rear end plate (2) close to the hydrogen outlet (22) is provided with a hydrogen outlet pressure sensor interface (222), and the hydrogen outlet temperature sensor interface (221) and the hydrogen outlet pressure sensor interface (222) are communicated with the hydrogen outlet (22) through internal channels; the front end of the hydrogen outlet temperature sensor interface is provided with a hydrogen outlet temperature sensor, and the front end of the hydrogen outlet pressure sensor interface is provided with a hydrogen outlet pressure sensor;
the lower surface of the front end plate (1) is provided with a cooling liquid inlet temperature sensor interface (131) close to the cooling liquid inlet (13); a cooling liquid inlet pressure sensor interface (132) is arranged on the side surface of the front end plate (1) and close to the cooling liquid inlet (13), and the cooling liquid inlet temperature sensor interface (131) and the cooling liquid inlet pressure sensor interface (132) are communicated with the cooling liquid inlet (13) through internal channels; a cooling liquid inlet temperature sensor is arranged at the front end of the cooling liquid inlet temperature sensor interface, and a cooling liquid inlet pressure sensor is arranged at the front end of the cooling liquid inlet pressure sensor interface;
the upper surface of the rear end plate (2) is provided with a cooling liquid outlet temperature sensor interface (231) close to the cooling liquid outlet (23); a cooling liquid outlet pressure sensor interface (232) is arranged on the side surface of the rear end plate (2) and close to the cooling liquid outlet (23), and the cooling liquid outlet temperature sensor interface (231) and the cooling liquid outlet pressure sensor interface (232) are communicated with the cooling liquid outlet (23) through internal channels; the front end of the cooling liquid outlet temperature sensor interface is provided with a cooling liquid outlet temperature sensor, and the front end of the cooling liquid outlet pressure sensor interface is provided with a cooling liquid outlet pressure sensor.
2. An end plate for a fuel cell stack according to claim 1, wherein: the thicknesses of the front end plate (1) and the rear end plate (2) are both larger than 20mm; the depth of the first air diversion cavity, the first hydrogen diversion cavity and the first cooling liquid diversion cavity are the same and are smaller than 50% of the thickness of the front end plate (1), and the depth of the second air diversion cavity, the second hydrogen diversion cavity and the second cooling liquid diversion cavity are the same and are smaller than 50% of the thickness of the rear end plate (2).
3. An end plate for a fuel cell stack according to claim 1, wherein: reinforcing ribs are designed on the front end plate (1) and the rear end plate (2).
4. An end plate for a fuel cell stack according to claim 1, wherein: the hydrogen outlet (22) of the rear end plate (2) is connected with a gas-water separator.
5. A method of operating an end plate for a fuel cell stack as claimed in claim 1, characterized by the steps of:
(1) When the fuel cell is in operation, air enters an air inlet on the front end plate after being filtered, pressurized, cooled and humidified, the air inlet pressure sensor collects the pressure when the air enters the fuel cell stack, and the air inlet temperature sensor collects the temperature when the air enters the fuel cell stack; air enters the first air diversion cavity on the front end plate after entering the air inlet, and enters the fuel cell stack air channel for reaction after being buffered and diversion by the first air diversion cavity; after the reaction of the fuel cell stack, residual gas flows out through an air outlet of the rear end plate after being buffered and guided by a second air guide cavity of the rear end plate, the pressure of the air leaving the fuel cell stack is collected by an air outlet pressure sensor, and the temperature of the air leaving the fuel cell stack is collected by an air outlet temperature sensor;
(2) The cooling liquid enters a cooling liquid inlet on the front end plate after the temperature adjustment and the pressurization of the system, a cooling liquid inlet pressure sensor collects the pressure when the cooling liquid enters the fuel cell stack, and a cooling liquid inlet temperature sensor collects the temperature when the cooling liquid enters the fuel cell stack; the cooling liquid enters the first cooling liquid diversion cavity after entering the cooling liquid inlet, and enters the fuel cell stack after being buffered and diversion by the first cooling liquid diversion cavity; after the cooling liquid enters the fuel cell stack to take away the reaction heat, the cooling liquid flows out through a cooling liquid outlet of the rear end plate after being buffered and guided by a second cooling liquid guide cavity of the rear end plate, a pressure sensor at the cooling liquid outlet collects the pressure of the cooling liquid when the cooling liquid leaves the fuel cell stack, and a temperature sensor at the cooling liquid outlet collects the temperature of the cooling liquid when the cooling liquid leaves the fuel cell stack;
(3) The hydrogen enters a hydrogen inlet on the front end plate after being depressurized, a hydrogen inlet pressure sensor collects the pressure when the hydrogen enters the fuel cell stack, and a hydrogen inlet temperature sensor collects the temperature when the hydrogen enters the fuel cell stack; hydrogen enters the first hydrogen diversion cavity of the front end plate after entering the hydrogen inlet, and enters the hydrogen channel of the fuel cell stack for reaction after being buffered and diversion by the first hydrogen diversion cavity; after the reaction of the fuel cell stack, the residual gas flows out through a hydrogen outlet of the rear end plate after being buffered and guided by a second hydrogen guide cavity of the rear end plate, a hydrogen outlet pressure sensor collects the pressure when the hydrogen leaves the fuel cell stack, and a hydrogen outlet temperature sensor collects the temperature when the residual hydrogen leaves the fuel cell stack;
(4) The air inlet pressure sensor, the air inlet temperature sensor, the air outlet pressure sensor, the air outlet temperature sensor, the cooling liquid inlet pressure sensor, the cooling liquid inlet temperature sensor, the cooling liquid outlet pressure sensor, the cooling liquid outlet temperature sensor, the hydrogen inlet pressure sensor, the hydrogen inlet temperature sensor, the hydrogen outlet pressure sensor and the hydrogen outlet temperature sensor feed back acquired parameters to a controller of the fuel cell stack, and the controller adjusts the flow and the temperature of air, hydrogen or cooling liquid entering the front end plate according to the pressure and the temperature of each place and the design requirements of the pressure and the temperature.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110350227B (en) * | 2019-08-11 | 2024-02-06 | 河南豫氢动力有限公司 | Fuel cell end plate with hydrogen-water separation function |
| CN111900430B (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2022-09-27 | 上海骥翀氢能科技有限公司 | Insulation board and galvanic pile |
| CN113241457B (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2022-04-12 | 国家电投集团氢能科技发展有限公司 | Fuel cell distribution end plate and fuel cell with same |
| CN113782772B (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2023-01-31 | 重庆宗申氢能源动力科技有限公司 | Cooling structure of electric pile end plate and fuel cell |
| CN114122476B (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2024-07-09 | 苏州市华昌能源科技有限公司 | End plate assembly, pile control system and fuel cell |
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