CN101788431A - Device and method for testing shear performance of asphalt mixture - Google Patents
Device and method for testing shear performance of asphalt mixture Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for testing shear performance of an asphalt mixture. The shear strength and shear fatigue life of the asphalt mixture under different temperature conditions are tested by adopting a circular ring shearing test. The method comprises that: before the test, an asphalt mixture test-piece is subjected to heat preservation in a temperature control box at a preset test temperature for over 6 hours; in the test, the asphalt mixture test-piece is arranged on a circular ring, and is loaded through a pressure head to cause shear failure so as to form a conical shear failure surface, and the shear strength of the asphalt mixture is calculated; and according to requirements, a specific load in a range of 0.1 to 0.9 time of failure load is selected to perform a repeated loading fatigue test on parallel test-pieces, the loading waveform is sine waves, the frequency is 10Hz, and the shear fatigue life of the asphalt mixture at different stress ratios is read out. The test method has important significance for studying the shear performance of the asphalt mixture and designing and evaluating the material of the asphalt mixture.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the road engineering field, relate to a kind of testing shear performance of asphalt mixture device and method, be used to measure the shearing strength and the shear fatigue life-span of asphalt.
Background technology
Along with development of economic construction, the road infrastructure construction of China has obtained fast development, bituminous concrete pavement has obtained adopting widely in road project owing to have plurality of advantages, and China builds, is bituminous concrete pavement at the advanced road great majority of building and planning to build.
The most of area of China is in hot season, and the road of bituminous pavement table temperature can reach more than 60 ℃, and under the wheel load effect, non-evenly load will produce bigger shear stress at concrete topping.And in the bituminous pavement design process, do not consider the shear resistance of asphalt, in case the shear stress that material bears greater than or near shearing strength, shear failure will appear in the road surface.Therefore, the shear behavior of research asphalt, significant to the design of asphalt.
At present, be used to study the test method of shear strength of asphalt mixture, mainly contain triaxial test, perseverance and highly repeat conventional test methods such as shear test and uniaxial penetration test.On the one hand, triaxial test equipment and perseverance highly repeat shear test equipment manufacturing cost costliness, are not easy to engineering and promote.On the other hand, these test methods often can not form tangible shear breakage, only belong to shear failure by theoretical analysis proof test specimen, and can't judge that test specimen belongs to shear failure from directly perceived.
Under actual operating conditions, the effect repeatedly of wheel load is stood on the road surface, is in stressed crossover variable condition for a long time, and surface layer inside has shear stress and produces after wheel crosses, in summer high temperature condition and repeating under the vehicle-mounted effect, bituminous pavement generation shear fatigue destroys.Therefore, be necessary to design a kind of brief test method, the cutting performance of asphalt under static and the dynamic loads effect is studied, and comprehensively shearing strength and shear fatigue life-span are estimated the shear behavior of asphalt.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of prior art and provide a kind of simple, be convenient to promote, and complicated applied force state that can the actual breakdown point of fine simulated roadway position, and but the final material of intuitive judgment is to shear stress destruction, can measure the test method in shear strength of asphalt mixture and shear fatigue life-span.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the testing shear performance of asphalt mixture device of realizing said method.
Purpose of the present invention is achieved by following technical proposals:
A kind of testing shear performance of asphalt mixture device, comprise Material Testing Machine, described Material Testing Machine comprises that frame, environmental cabinet, elevating lever, base, propulsion system, annulus support, control desk, described propulsion system are installed in the base of frame bottom, described annulus supports and is installed on the described base, provide the described elevating lever of power to be installed in the upside of described frame by propulsion system, corresponding with the position that described annulus supports, the end of described elevating lever connects pressure head, is placed with the annulus of customization on described annulus supports.
Described pressure head diameter is 40mm～120mm, and described annulus is of a size of: external diameter 150mm, internal diameter are 40mm～140mm.Described annulus is formed by at least two hollow ring set mutual sheathing.Described pressure head is placed with rubber gasket down and on the described annulus.
A kind of testing shear performance of asphalt mixture method may further comprise the steps:
(1) determines pressure head size, annulus size and sample dimensions combination, determine the conversion coefficient between the maximum shear in load compressive stress and the test specimen by Theoretical Calculation;
(2) make test specimen: can adopt the indoor moulding right cylinder of static pressure method, vibration moulding or gyratory compaction bitumen mixture specimen; Also can adopt the on-the-spot unbearable right cylinder test specimen of obtaining;
(3) insulation: place environmental cabinet to be incubated test specimen, pressure head and annulus;
(4) carry out shear strength test: test specimen is placed on the annulus, by pressure head test specimen is loaded, off-test, the taper shear breakage appears in test specimen, Material Testing Machine is gathered in the analytical test process load pressure and deformation data obtain failing load, obtain shearing strength, carry out parallel experiment, the shearing strength mean value that parallel experiment is recorded is as the shearing strength of asphalt;
(5) shear fatigue test: can be in step (4) Material Testing Machine record in 0.1～0.9 times of scope of failing load and get payload values, parallel test specimen is repeated loading carry out the repetition loading fatigue test, read loading number of times and deformation data in the Material Testing Machine acquisition test process, determine the shear fatigue life-span of asphalt.
Sample dimensions is described in the test procedure (1): diameter 100～150mm, and high 40～100mm, described pressure head diameter is 40～120mm, described annulus is of a size of: external diameter 150mm, internal diameter are 40～140mm.
In the test procedure (3) test specimen, pressure head and annulus are placed 10 ℃～60 ℃ environmental cabinets, temperature retention time is being tested more than 6 hours again, to guarantee test specimen internal and external temperature unanimity.
Test procedure loads test specimen by pressure head in (4), and loading speed is 1mm/min, and test period is 8 minutes, and during test, data acquiring frequency is 100Hz.
In 0.1～0.9 times of failing load, choose concrete load as required in the test procedure (5) parallel test specimen is carried out the repetition loading fatigue test, obtain under design temperature and the stress level, the shear fatigue life-span of asphalt.
Test procedure (4) need guarantee that ram position is placed in the middle, and cushioning rubber gasket under pressure head and on the annulus.
The acting in conjunction that the present invention loads by annulus and pressure head, the right cylinder bitumen mixture specimen is destroyed, the analytical test data obtain the shearing strength and the shear fatigue life-span of asphalt, and comprehensive again shearing strength and shear fatigue life-span are estimated the shear behavior of asphalt.The present invention:
1, testing equipment simple cheap, only need be on MTS or other Material Testing Machine mounting circular ring and pressure head can test;
2, annulus can freely be dismantled, thereby can change according to sample dimensions, adjusts the size combinations of annulus and pressure head and tests, and does not need to make repeatedly toroidal mold.
3, off-test form the taper shear breakage, but the intuitive judgment test specimen is a shear failure.
4, process of the test is simple, and is workable.
5, the experimental test result is stable, and parallel experiment discreteness as a result is little.
6, test preferably the complexity of simulated roadway typical case breakdown point position press and cut and draw and cut stress.
7, when pressure head external diameter and internal radius basically identical, the annulus shear test just is converted to direct shear test.
In sum, the present invention--a kind of testing shear performance of asphalt mixture device and method has simple, workable, is convenient to promote, and can measure the shear strength of asphalt mixture and the advantage in shear fatigue life-span simultaneously.After the off-test, form tangible taper shear breakage.This test method designs with evaluation significant to the shear behavior of research asphalt and the material of asphalt.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of apparatus of the present invention collar.
Fig. 3 is the front elevation of apparatus of the present invention collar.
Fig. 4 is load-deformation relationship curve map.
Fig. 5 is a taper shear breakage synoptic diagram.
Fig. 6 is the distortion-number of loading graph of a relation of shear fatigue test.
Fig. 7 is the shear fatigue life-span and the stress ratio graph of a relation of shear fatigue test.
Among the accompanying drawing 1-3: 1-elevating lever, 2-pressure head, 3-environmental cabinet, 4-rubber gasket, 5-annulus, 6-annulus support, the 7-base, 8-propulsion system, 9-test specimen, the hollow ring set of 10-, 11-frame, 12-control desk.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the embodiment of testing shear performance of asphalt mixture device and method is described.
As shown in Figures 1 to 3, a kind of testing shear performance of asphalt mixture device, comprise Material Testing Machine, described Material Testing Machine comprises frame 11, environmental cabinet 3, elevating lever 1, base 7, propulsion system 8, annulus supports 6, control desk 12, described propulsion system 8 are installed in the base 7 of frame 11 bottoms, described annulus supports 6 and is installed on the described base 7, provide the described elevating lever 1 of power to be installed in the upside of described frame 11 by propulsion system 8, corresponding with the position of described annulus support 6, the end of described elevating lever 1 is connected with pressure head 2, and described annulus supports the annulus 5 that is placed with customization on 6.
The optional 40mm of described pressure head 2 diameters, 60mm, 80mm, 100mm, 120mm select for use as required, and described annulus 5 is of a size of: external diameter 150mm, the optional 40mm of internal diameter, 60mm, 80mm, 100mm, 120mm, 140mm, select for use as required.Described annulus 5 is formed by at least two hollow ring set 10 mutual sheathing.Be placed with rubber gasket 4 on described pressure head 2 times and the described annulus 5.
A kind of testing shear performance of asphalt mixture method may further comprise the steps:
(1) selects corresponding pressure head size, annulus size and sample dimensions combination as required for use, determine the conversion coefficient between the maximum shear in load compressive stress and the test specimen by Theoretical Calculation;
(2) make test specimen: can adopt the indoor moulding right cylinder of static pressure method, vibration moulding or gyratory compaction bitumen mixture specimen; Also can adopt the on-the-spot unbearable right cylinder test specimen of obtaining.
(3) insulation: place 10 ℃～60 ℃ environmental cabinets to be incubated test specimen, pressure head and annulus;
(4) carry out shear strength test: test specimen is placed on the annulus, by pressure head test specimen is loaded, off-test, the taper shear breakage appears in test specimen, Material Testing Machine is gathered in the analytical test process load pressure and deformation data obtain failing load, obtain shearing strength, carry out parallel experiment, the shearing strength mean value that parallel experiment is recorded is as the shearing strength of asphalt;
(5) shear fatigue test: can be in step (4) Material Testing Machine record in 0.1～0.9 times of scope of failing load and get payload values, parallel test specimen is carried out the repetition loading fatigue test, it is sinusoidal wave loading waveform, and frequency is 10HZ, obtains the shear fatigue life-span of asphalt.
Sample dimensions is described in the test procedure (1): diameter 100～150mm, high 40～100mm, the optional 40mm of described pressure head diameter, 60mm, 80mm, 100mm, 120mm, described annulus is of a size of: external diameter 150mm, the optional 40mm of internal diameter, 60mm, 80mm, 100mm, 120mm, 140mm.
In the test procedure (3) test specimen, pressure head and annulus are placed the environmental cabinet of design temperature, temperature retention time is being tested more than 6 hours again, to guarantee test specimen internal and external temperature unanimity.
Test procedure loads test specimen by pressure head in (4), and loading speed is 1mm/min, and test period is 8 minutes, and during test, data acquiring frequency is 100Hz.
In 0.1～0.9 times of failing load, choose concrete load as required in the test procedure (5) parallel test specimen is carried out the repetition loading fatigue test, obtain under design temperature and the stress level, the shear fatigue life-span of asphalt.
Test procedure (4) need guarantee that ram position is placed in the middle, and cushioning rubber gasket under pressure head and on the annulus.
Embodiment:
1, selecting the pressure head diameter for use is 40mm; Sample dimensions is: bitumen mixture specimen diameter 150mm, high 95mm; Annulus is of a size of: external diameter 150mm, internal diameter 80mm.Utilize the computer general-purpose finite element program to set up mechanical model and carry out computational analysis.Load is the load compressive stress p=1Mpa that acts on the pressure head place; Boundary condition is that test specimen bottom vertical direction is fixed, and does not have sidewise restraint around the test specimen.Utilize finite element program to calculate the first principal stress σ of each some position in the test specimen
1With third principal stress σ
3,, draw maximum shear τ according to the 3rd intensity theory
MaxThe conversion relational expression of maximum shear and load compressive stress is: τ
Max=load compressive stress * 0.52.The pressure of annulus shear test is cut conversion coefficient and is seen Table 1.
The pressure of table 1 annulus shear test is cut conversion coefficient
2, adopt 12 parallel test specimens of static pressure method moulding, parallel test specimen is the right cylinder bitumen mixture specimen.Sample dimensions is: diameter 150mm, high 95mm;
3, test specimen, pressure head and annulus are placed 60 ℃ environmental cabinet, temperature retention time is being tested more than 6 hours again, to guarantee test specimen internal and external temperature unanimity.
4, the right cylinder bitumen mixture specimen is placed on the annulus, by pressure head test specimen is loaded, loading speed is 1mm/min, and test period is 8 minutes.During test, data acquiring frequency is 100Hz.During loading, need guarantee that pressure head and test specimen position are placed in the middle, and the pad rubber gasket is concentrated with the stress of eliminating pressure head external diameter and internal radius place under pressure head and on the annulus.The taper shear breakage appears in off-test, test specimen.Pressure and deformation data in the analysis of material testing machine acquisition test process obtain load-deformation relationship curve as shown in Figure 4, and the failing load of test specimen is the test turning point B of load-deformation relationship curve.According to the Calculation Shear formula of material, see formula (1), obtain the shearing strength that this time test records asphalt.Off-test, taper shear breakage as shown in Figure 5 appears in test specimen.
τ
Max=(P/A) * 0.52; (formula 1)
τ
Max-maximum shear/Mpa;
P-failing load/N;
Cross-sectional area/the mm of A-pressure head
2
Repeat above-mentioned steps, carry out six parallel experiments, the shearing strength mean value that parallel experiment is recorded is as the shearing strength of asphalt, and test findings sees Table 2.
Table 2 annulus shear test is measured the shearing strength value of asphalt
From test findings as can be known: annulus shear test test result is stable, and parallel experiment discreteness is little as a result.
5, get 0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6 times failing load respectively as fatigue load, under 60 ℃ of conditions, parallel test specimen is carried out the repetition loading fatigue test, loading waveform be sine wave, and frequency is 10HZ.Loading number of times and deformation data in the Material Testing Machine acquisition test process obtain relation curve as shown in Figure 6, and in the shear fatigue life-span of (stress ratio=fatigue load/failing load) asphalt when reading different stress ratio, test findings sees Table 3.
The shear fatigue life-span of table 3 asphalt
As known from Table 3, stress ratio increases, and the shear fatigue life-span of asphalt significantly descends.Under heavily stressed ratio, shear fatigue just takes place and destroys (stress ratio is, the shear fatigue life-span only is 839 times) at 0.6 o'clock in asphalt under hundreds of time reloading effect.Therefore, in Asphalt Mixture Design, need consider the shear fatigue performance of asphalt under the dynamic loads effect emphatically.
By shearing strength and shear fatigue life-span, can comprehensively estimate the shear behavior of asphalt.The shear behavior of the asphalt that shearing strength is big, the shear fatigue life-span is long is good; Otherwise the shear behavior of asphalt is poor.
By this test unit and method, can measure the shearing strength and the shear fatigue life-span of asphalt, this designs with evaluation significant to the shear behavior of research asphalt and the material of asphalt.Simultaneously, this testing equipment simple cheap; Test method is simple, and is workable, is convenient to engineering and promotes.
Claims (10)
1. testing shear performance of asphalt mixture device, comprise Material Testing Machine, described Material Testing Machine comprises frame (11), environmental cabinet (3), elevating lever (1), base (7), propulsion system (8), annulus supports (6), control desk (12), described propulsion system (8) are installed in the base (7) of frame (11) bottom, described annulus supports (6) and is installed on the described base (7), provide the described elevating lever (1) of power to be installed in the upside of described frame (11) by propulsion system (8), the position of supporting (6) with described annulus is corresponding, it is characterized in that: the end of described elevating lever (1) is connected with pressure head (2), and described annulus supports the annulus (5) that is placed with customization on (6).
2. testing shear performance of asphalt mixture device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described pressure head (2) diameter is 40mm～120mm, and described annulus (5) external diameter is 150mm, and internal diameter is 40mm～140mm.
3. testing shear performance of asphalt mixture device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described annulus (5) is formed by at least two hollow ring sets (10) mutual sheathing.
4. testing shear performance of asphalt mixture device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described pressure head (2) is placed with rubber gasket (4) down and on the described annulus (5).
5. testing shear performance of asphalt mixture method is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) determines pressure head size, annulus size and sample dimensions combination, determine the conversion coefficient between the maximum shear in load compressive stress and the test specimen by Theoretical Calculation;
(2) make test specimen: can adopt the indoor moulding right cylinder of static pressure method, vibration moulding or gyratory compaction bitumen mixture specimen; Also can adopt the on-the-spot unbearable right cylinder test specimen of obtaining;
(3) insulation: place environmental cabinet to be incubated test specimen, pressure head and annulus;
(4) carry out shear strength test: test specimen is placed on the annulus, by pressure head test specimen is loaded, off-test, the taper shear breakage appears in test specimen, Material Testing Machine is gathered in the analytical test process load pressure and deformation data obtain failing load, obtain shearing strength, carry out parallel experiment, the shearing strength mean value that parallel experiment is recorded is as the shearing strength of asphalt;
(5) shear fatigue test: can be in step (4) Material Testing Machine record in 0.1～0.9 times of scope of failing load and get payload values, parallel test specimen is carried out the repetition loading fatigue test, read loading number of times and deformation data in the Material Testing Machine acquisition test process, determine the shear fatigue life-span of asphalt.
6. testing shear performance method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: sample dimensions is described in the test procedure (1): diameter 100～150mm, high 40～100mm, described pressure head diameter is 40mm～120mm, described annulus is of a size of: external diameter 150mm, internal diameter are 40mm～140mm.
7. testing shear performance of asphalt mixture method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: in the test procedure (3) test specimen, pressure head and annulus placed 10 ℃～60 ℃ environmental cabinets, temperature retention time is being tested more than 6 hours again, to guarantee test specimen internal and external temperature unanimity.
8. testing shear performance of asphalt mixture method according to claim 5 is characterized in that: test procedure loads test specimen by pressure head in (4), and loading speed is 1mm/min, and test period is 8 minutes.
9. testing shear performance of asphalt mixture method according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: in 0.1～0.9 times of failing load, choose concrete load as required in the test procedure (5) parallel test specimen is carried out the repetition loading fatigue test, obtain the shear fatigue life-span of the asphalt under design temperature and the stress level.
10. testing shear performance of asphalt mixture method according to claim 5 is characterized in that: test procedure (4) need guarantee that ram position is placed in the middle, and cushioning rubber gasket under pressure head and on the annulus.
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