CN101773468A - 扎那米韦鼻用纳米混悬剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
扎那米韦鼻用纳米混悬剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101773468A CN101773468A CN200910045077A CN200910045077A CN101773468A CN 101773468 A CN101773468 A CN 101773468A CN 200910045077 A CN200910045077 A CN 200910045077A CN 200910045077 A CN200910045077 A CN 200910045077A CN 101773468 A CN101773468 A CN 101773468A
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- zanamivir
- nasal
- sodium
- nanometer suspension
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- 229960001028 zanamivir Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- OSASVXMJTNOKOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)(O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl OSASVXMJTNOKOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- -1 polyoxyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- RVGRUAULSDPKGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Poloxamer Chemical class C1CO1.CC1CO1 RVGRUAULSDPKGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
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- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 11
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Abstract
本发明涉及扎那米韦鼻用纳米混悬剂及其制备方法。本发明制剂处方中以重量百分比计含有5~50%的治疗有效量的扎那米韦、1~40%的表面活性剂、1~40%的助悬剂、0~20%的其它药学上可接受的添加剂及余量的水。本发明采用高压均质法制备扎那米韦鼻用纳米混悬剂。本发明的扎那米韦鼻用纳米混悬剂具有给药体积小、黏膜滞留时间长、能够较好的发挥局部及全身作用等特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及药物制剂领域,具体涉及用于鼻腔给药的扎那米韦纳米混悬剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
扎那米韦(zanamivir),1991年由澳大利亚Biota科学管理公司合成[1],1999年获得美国食品药品管理局和欧洲药品管理局批准,并由GlaxoWellcome公司推向市场,商品名为Relen-za,用于A型和B型流感的预防及治疗。扎那米韦的化学名为4-胍基-2-脱氧-2,3-二脱氢-N-乙酰神经氨酸,分子式为C12H20N4O7,分子量为333.2,为白色至类白色粉末。扎那米韦为水溶性的极性小分子,可特异性抑制病毒神经氨酸酶,血浆蛋白结合率低于10%,在人体内不代谢,全部以原药形式经肾排出。单次给药后24h内完全排出,总清除率为2.5~10.9L/h,未吸收的药物随粪便排出[2]。扎那米韦存在的主要问题在于其口服吸收差、肾清除速度快、组织渗透性低,口服生物利用度只有2%,甚至在高血药浓度下,其渗入到靶部位呼吸道的量也很少。
目前国外采用吸入剂给药,由葛兰素史克公司生产,有效地解决了药物清除过快,生物利用度较低的问题,生物利用度可达到10%~20%,然而干粉吸入剂也存在着一些缺点:(1)给药后达到有效部位的药物较少。口腔吸入后,闪烁成像显示,78%的扎那米韦沉积于口咽部,只有15%的药物进入细支气管和小气管,经呼吸道上皮吸收[3];(2)潜在危险性。扎那米韦降低呼吸道功能,引起支气管痉挛。临床安全性实验表明,口腔吸入扎那米韦后气道有过敏反应的患者会出现短暂的哮喘及肺功能下降[4]。因此哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺功能障碍等肺疾病患者及肺功能低下的老年人不推荐使用。
从上个世纪80年代,关于鼻腔给药剂型的研究日益增多,已上市并应用于临床的经鼻给药制剂已有十几种,如滴鼻剂、鼻腔喷雾剂、鼻用凝胶剂等[5]。鼻黏膜给药存在着诸多优点,(1)鼻粘膜内有丰富的毛细血管,鼻腔上皮与血管壁紧密相连,上皮细胞间隙较大,是水溶性小分子吸收的主要途径。(2)药物从鼻腔内吸收后直接进入体循环,不经过门肝系统,可避免肝脏的首过效应。(3)与胃肠道黏膜、口腔黏膜以及阴道黏膜相比较,药物在鼻黏膜部位的透过性最高。(4)药物通过鼻腔吸收可通过血脑屏障,实现脑靶向。(5)鼻腔中酶含量比肠道少,减少药物的酶解。扎那米韦分子量小,水溶性好,有望通过鼻黏膜上皮细胞的水溶性通道吸收进入体循环。已有文献报道扎那米韦鼻腔给药的生物利用度可达到10%~20%[6]。
鼻腔给药也存在一些难题,主要有生理和剂型两个因素影响。生理因素:由于鼻黏膜表面存在着大量的鼻纤毛,它们的节律性运动导致药物的滞留时间通常只有15~20min,影响药物的生物利用度;鼻腔给药体积小,通常给药量仅25~200μL,因此要求制剂具有较高的载药量。剂型因素:滴鼻剂给药剂量不准确,在鼻腔内分布不均,直接达到有效吸收部位的后段,很快从鼻咽管清除;喷雾剂给药剂量准确,鼻腔内分布均匀,但仍存在清除快的缺点。凝胶剂虽然能够延长药物在鼻黏膜的滞留时间,但其黏度较大,给药剂量不准确,使用不便,且给药后不易到达鼻甲部位,多停留在外鼻腔中。
纳米混悬剂是一种新型给药剂型,是纯药物纳米颗粒的胶体分散体。纳米混悬剂通过表面活性剂来防止颗粒之间的相互团聚,同时增加一定的助悬作用。纳米混悬剂具有诸多优点:(1)减小给药体积,降低毒副作用;(2)增加药物的比表面积,提高药物的溶出速度;(3)增加了药物的饱和溶解度;(4)纳米混悬剂的药物粒子对体内的黏膜组织具有黏附性,延长了药物在体内的滞留时间,提高药物生物利用度;(5)增加了物理稳定性,避免Ostwald陈化;(6)处方简单,制备快速,可实现工业化大生产。
目前纳米混悬剂的制备方法主要有纳米沉淀法和高压均质法两种。纳米沉淀法由于需要筛选合适的有机溶剂,且含药量低、难于批量生产而逐渐被淘汰;而高压均质法无需使用有机溶剂,制备的纳米颗粒粒径小、分布范围窄,且高压均质技术更易于实现工业化生产,因此有很大的发展空间。
参考文献:
[1]Von Itzstein LM,Wu W Y,Phan TV,et al.(1991)Derivatives andanalogues of 2-deoxy-2,3-didehydro-N-acetyl neuraminic acid and their useas antiviral agents[P].WO 9116320 A1.
[2]李卓荣.(2001)广谱、高效抗流感病毒新药扎那米韦,国外医药抗生素分册22(4):183-187.
[3]Cox NJ,(1999)Subbarao K.Influenza.Lancet,354:1277-1282.
[4]陈历胜,陈本川.(2005)流感抗病毒治疗的临床与经济学评价.世界临床药物,26(2):105-108.
[5]潘卫三等.(2004)新药制剂技术.北京:化学工业出版社,287.
[6]蒋新国,崔景斌,方晓玲等.(1995)药物的鼻黏膜纤毛毒性及评价方法.药学学报,30(11):848-853.
发明内容
本发明的一个目的在于提供一种扎那米韦鼻用纳米混悬剂,以达到提高生物利用度,增加靶部位药物浓度的目的。
本发明的另一目的在于提供上述扎那米韦鼻用纳米混悬剂的制备方法。
为达到上述目的,本发明提供以下技术方案:
根据本发明的第一个技术目的,提供一种扎那米韦鼻用纳米混悬剂,按重量百分比计,其含有以下成分:
扎那米韦 5~50%
表面活性剂 1~40%
助悬剂 1~40%
其它药学上可接受的添加剂 0~20%
水 余量。
优选的是,上述扎那米韦鼻用纳米混悬剂,按重量百分比计,含有以下成分:
扎那米韦 5~40%
表面活性剂 1~30%
助悬剂 3~28%
其它药学上可接受的添加剂 0~10%
水 余量。
本发明所述的扎那米韦鼻用纳米混悬剂,其中,所述表面活性剂选自卵磷脂(包括大豆卵磷脂和蛋黄卵磷脂等)、Tween类(包括Tween 60和Tween 80等)、poloxamer类(包括poloxamer 188和poloxamer 407等)、Span类、Myrij类、Brij类、十二烷基硫酸钠、多库酯钠、去氧胆酸钠和聚氧乙烯蓖麻油(包括Cremophor EL、Cremophor ELP和Cremophor RH40)中的一种或多种。优选的是,该表面活性剂选自Tween类(包括Tween 60和Tween 80等)、poloxamer类(包括poloxamer 188和poloxamer 407等)、十二烷基硫酸钠和聚氧乙烯蓖麻油(包括Cremophor EL、Cremophor ELP和Cremophor RH40)中的一种或多种。
本发明所述的扎那米韦鼻用纳米混悬剂,其中,所述助悬剂选自羟丙甲基纤维素(如E5)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(如K-12和K30)、聚氧乙烯衍生物(如聚氧乙烯硬脂酸酯)、甲基纤维素、海藻酸钠、西黄蓍胶和羧甲基纤维素钠中的一种或多种。优选的是,该助悬剂选自羟丙甲基纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和羧甲基纤维素钠中的一种或多种。
本发明所述的扎那米韦鼻用纳米混悬剂,其中,所述其它药学上可接受的添加剂包括促渗剂、渗透压调节剂、抗氧剂、pH调节剂和防腐剂等中的一种或几种。
本发明所述的扎那米韦鼻用纳米混悬剂,其中,所述促渗剂选自胆酸钠、脱氧胆酸钠、甘氨脱氧胆酸钠、壳聚糖、月桂氮酮、环糊精、β-环糊精和羟丙基β-环糊精中的一种或多种。
本发明所述的扎那米韦鼻用纳米混悬剂,其中,所述渗透压调节剂选自甘露醇、山梨醇、甘油、丙二醇和氯化钠中的一种或多种。
本发明所述的扎那米韦鼻用纳米混悬剂,其中,所述抗氧剂选自亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠、焦亚硫酸钠、维生素C和维生素E中的一种或多种。
本发明所述的扎那米韦鼻用纳米混悬剂,其中,所述pH调节剂为药剂学上可接受的pH调节剂,如柠檬酸-柠檬酸钠、醋酸-醋酸钠、磷酸盐缓冲盐、氢氧化钠、三乙醇胺、氢氧化钾、盐酸或三羟甲基氨基甲烷等。
本发明所述的扎那米韦鼻用纳米混悬剂,其中,所述防腐剂为药剂学上可接受的防腐剂,如三氯叔丁醇、苯甲醇、苯扎氯铵、硫柳汞和羟苯乙酯等中的一种或几种。
本发明所述的扎那米韦鼻用纳米混悬剂,其可以制备成喷雾剂或滴鼻剂,以喷雾或滴鼻的形式通过鼻腔给药。
根据本发明的另一技术目的,提供扎那米韦鼻用纳米混悬剂的制备方法。该方法是在表面活性剂和助悬剂的稳定化作用下,利用高压均质机的剪切和空穴作用,制备得到其中粒子的粒径约为300~1000nm的扎那米韦纳米混悬剂(该粒径有利于扎那米韦在鼻腔内迅速溶出起效,延长粒子在鼻粘膜的滞留时间)。另外,本发明纳米混悬剂中不含有机溶剂,因此避免了刺激性反应。
具体地,本发明的采用高压均质法制备扎那米韦鼻用纳米混悬剂的方法为:
(1)将扎那米韦原料药粉碎;
(2)在搅拌下将扎那米韦原料药粉末直接加入到含有表面活性剂、助悬剂和非必需的其它药学上可接受的添加剂的水溶液中,形成扎那米韦粗混悬剂;
(3)将扎那米韦粗混悬剂转移至0~25℃预冷的高压均质机中均质,制成扎那米韦鼻用纳米混悬剂。
将得到的纳米混悬剂于室温下搅拌,于4℃冰箱保存。
上述步骤(1)中粉碎后的粒径为0.5~15μm;步骤(3)中高压均质经过第一次均化和第二次均化两个过程,其中第一次均化在350~500bar循环2~5周,目的是将粒径较大的粒子进行粉碎,防止在高压下损坏高压均质机;第二次均化在1500~2000bar循环15~20周,使纳米混悬剂粒径进一步减小。
本发明扎那米韦鼻用纳米混悬剂的优点在于:(1)减小给药体积。市售的扎那米韦吸入剂单次给药剂量为10mg,而20℃扎那米韦水中溶解度为18mg/ml,属微溶,制成鼻腔给药制剂单次给药体积至少为550μL,远远超出鼻腔给药体积(25~200μL)的正常范围。纳米混悬剂载药量高,可以满足鼻腔给药的需要。(2)起效快,发挥局部及全身作用。纳米混悬剂具有小而均一的粒径,喷雾给药粒度小,药物与黏膜的接触面积大,有利于扎那米韦迅速起效且更好的发挥局部及全身作用。(3)剂量准确、制备工艺简单。(4)延长黏膜滞留时间。由于纳米混悬剂中的粒子对黏膜组织具有黏附性,可延长药物在体内的滞留时间,提高药物生物利用度。
附图说明
图1为扎那米韦鼻用纳米混悬剂及粗混悬剂的离体牛鼻黏膜透过率。
图2为扎那米韦鼻用纳米混悬剂的喷雾粒度测定结果。
图3为扎那米韦鼻用水溶液及鼻用纳米混悬剂的鼻腔累积清除率。
具体实施方式
实施例1
处方:
扎那米韦 10%
Poloxamer 188 5%
聚乙烯吡洛烷酮K-12 5%
甘油 2.6%
醋酸 适量,调pH值至4.0
三羟甲基氨基甲烷(30%) 适量,调pH值至6.0
水 余量
制备方法:
将扎那米韦原料药进行气流粉碎(粒径2μm)。配制pH值为4.0的醋酸水溶液,用30%的三羟甲基氨基甲烷水溶液调节pH值至6.0,在磁力搅拌下加入处方中其余辅料,溶解,最后在磁力搅拌下将扎那米韦原料药粉末加入到上述溶液充分溶解分散,制得扎那米韦粗混悬剂。
将扎那米韦粗混悬剂转移至高压均质机中,低压350bar下均质2周,升高压力至1800bar继续均质20周,制得纳米混悬剂于室温下搅拌10min,于4℃冰箱保存。
制得的扎那米韦鼻用纳米混悬剂的平均粒径为356.2±23.5nm,多分散系数(Polydispersity Index,PI)为0.232。
实施例2
处方:
扎那米韦 20%
Cremophor EL 12%
羟丙甲基纤维素E5 10%
丙二醇 2.6%
三氯叔丁醇 0.5%
醋酸 适量,调pH值至4.0
1M氢氧化钠 适量,调pH值至6.0
水 余量
制备方法:
将扎那米韦原料药用球磨机进行粉碎(粒径10μm)。配制pH值为4.0的醋酸水溶液,加入处方量的三氯叔丁醇,待溶解后用1M氢氧化钠水溶液调节pH值至6.0,在搅拌下加入处方中其余辅料,溶解,最后在磁力搅拌下将扎那米韦原料药粉末加入到上述溶液充分溶解分散,制得扎那米韦粗混悬剂。
将扎那米韦粗混悬剂转移至高压均质机中,低压400bar下均质4周,升高压力至1500bar继续均质20周,制得纳米混悬剂于室温下搅拌10min,于4℃冰箱保存。
制得的扎那米韦鼻用纳米混悬剂的平均粒径为928.6±54.7nm,多分散系数为0.314。
实施例3
处方:
扎那米韦 30%
十二烷基硫酸钠 20%
聚乙烯吡洛烷酮K30 10%
甘露醇 2.0%
三氯叔丁醇 0.6%
盐酸 适量,调pH值至4.0
三羟甲基氨基甲烷(30%) 适量,调pH值至6.0
水 余量
制备方法:
将扎那米韦原料药用机械研磨法进行粉碎(粒径14μm)。配制pH值为4.0的盐酸水溶液,加入处方量的三氯叔丁醇,待溶解后用30%的三羟甲基氨基甲烷水溶液调节pH值至6.0,在磁力搅拌下加入处方中其余辅料,溶解,最后在磁力搅拌下将扎那米韦原料药粉末加入到上述溶液充分溶解分散,制得扎那米韦粗混悬剂。
扎那米韦粗混悬剂转移至高压均质机中,低压500bar下均质3周,升高压力至2000bar继续均质15周,制得纳米混悬剂于室温下搅拌5min,于4℃冰箱保存。
制得的扎那米韦鼻用纳米混悬剂的平均粒径为810.3±32.3nm,多分散系数为0.245。
实施例4
扎那米韦 15%
Tween 80 10%
聚乙烯吡洛烷酮K-12 30%
甘油 3%
羟丙基β-环糊精 2%
三氯叔丁醇 0.5%
醋酸 适量,调pH值至4.0
三羟甲基氨基甲烷(30%) 适量,调pH值至6.0
水 余量
制备方法:
将扎那米韦原料药进行气流粉碎(粒径5μm)。配制pH值为4.0的醋酸水溶液,加入处方量的三氯叔丁醇,待溶解后用30%的三羟甲基氨基甲烷水溶液调节pH值至6.0,在磁力搅拌下加入处方中其余辅料,溶解,最后在磁力搅拌下将扎那米韦原料药粉末加入上述溶液充分溶解分散,制得扎那米韦粗混悬剂。
将扎那米韦粗混悬剂转移至高压均质机中,低压400bar下均质2周,升高压力至1800bar继续均质20周,制得纳米混悬剂于室温下搅拌10min,于4℃冰箱保存。
制得的扎那米韦鼻用纳米混悬剂的平均粒径为568.1±21.7nm,多分散系数为0.219。
离体牛鼻黏膜透过性实验:
取牛中鼻甲黏膜,以Ringer’s液清洗并于4℃保存,8h内备用。将黏膜固定在两个透析池之间,黏膜的浆膜面向接收池,黏膜面向药池,接收池中加入Ringer’s液,调节氧气流量为每秒钟2-3个气泡,并以100r·min-1速度搅拌,37℃水浴中平衡30min。药池中分别加入200μL扎那米韦鼻用纳米混悬剂/粗混悬剂(通过本发明制备方法的前两步制备而成,平均粒径6.2μm)及200μL人工鼻黏液,分别在15、30、45、60、90、120、180、240、300min从接收池中取样600μL,同时补充等体积的Ringer’s液,适量稀释后经0.45μm的微孔滤膜滤过,注入HPLC测定,色谱条件为:Nucleosil 100-5NH2柱(4.6×250mm,5μm),乙腈-水(68∶32)为流动相,检测波长为235nm,柱温为30℃。计算药物的累积透过率。结果见图1。
结果表明,扎那米韦鼻用纳米混悬剂较其粗混悬剂可显著提高扎那米韦经鼻黏膜的透过性。这是由于纳米混悬剂较粗混悬剂可增加药物的比表面积,提高扎那米韦的溶出速度,从而提高扎那米韦的鼻黏膜透过率。
喷雾粒度的测定:
将实施例4中制备的扎那米韦鼻用纳米混悬剂装入10mL鼻用定量喷雾泵(每喷100μL)中,于20℃下以实时喷雾粒度分析仪(Spraytec系列,Malvern,UK)分别测定其喷雾粒度。结果见图2。
结果表明,实施例4中制备的扎那米韦鼻用纳米混悬剂的平均喷雾粒度为49.97μm,该纳米混悬剂的喷雾粒度小且分布均匀,鼻腔给药后大部分药物可达到有效的吸收区域,有利于提高药物的生物利用度。
鼻纤毛毒性研究:
将蟾蜍仰卧固定于蛙板上,使口腔张开,用止血钳牵拉,裸露上颚,于上颚黏膜处滴加0.5mL的样品,将上颚完全浸润其中,接触30min。用生理盐水将药物充分洗净,用手术剪小心分离上颚黏膜,立即用生理盐水洗去血块及杂物,将其平铺在载玻片上,盖上盖玻片,10×40倍显微镜下观察黏膜纤毛的摆动情况,随后置于水蒸气饱和的层析缸中,温度20-25℃。此后,一定时间取出样品于载玻片边缘滴加生理盐水并观察,直至纤毛停止摆动,并记录停止摆动的时间。在实验中,以生理盐水组为自身对照,1%的去氧胆酸钠作为阳性对照,考察扎那米韦鼻用纳米混悬剂对鼻纤毛持续摆动时间的影响。结果见表1。
结果表明,扎那米韦鼻用纳米混悬剂的纤毛持续摆动时间为生理盐水组的90.8%,无明显的鼻纤毛毒性,可用于鼻腔给药。
鼻腔清除速率研究:
将受试动物-SD大鼠随机分成2组,每组6只(体重250±20g)。将大鼠麻醉,仰卧,作颈动脉插管,并使鼻腔保持水平,于鼻咽部处放置一棉球,将PE软管插入大鼠鼻腔5mm左右,按18mg/kg剂量分别鼻腔给予扎那米韦水溶液(扎那米韦溶于水制成)及扎那米韦鼻用纳米混悬剂。并于给药后于0h,之后每半小时收集鼻咽部棉球并更换干净棉球,-20℃冰箱中冻存至进行HPLC分析。
样品处理方法如下:将一个小时内收集的两个棉球置于5mL离心管中,加蒸馏水1.0mL,涡旋2min,取0.3mL浸出液,按1∶3的比例加入乙腈,涡旋1min,8000rpm下离心10min,取上清液进HPLC测定并计算累积清除百分率,结果见图3。
结果表明,扎那米韦水溶液和纳米混悬剂鼻腔给药后10小时的累积清除百分率分别为43.27%和33.08%,纳米混悬剂可增加药物的鼻腔滞留时间,延缓药物的释放。
Claims (10)
1.一种扎那米韦鼻用纳米混悬剂,其特征在于,按重量百分比计,其含有以下成分:
扎那米韦 5~50%
表面活性剂 1~40%
助悬剂 1~40%
其它药学上可接受的添加剂 0~20%
水 余量。
2.根据权利要求1所述的扎那米韦鼻用纳米混悬剂,其特征在于,按重量百分比计,其含有以下成分:
扎那米韦 5~40%
表面活性剂 1~30%
助悬剂 3~28%
其它药学上可接受的添加剂 0~10%
水 余量。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的扎那米韦鼻用纳米混悬剂,其特征在于,所述表面活性剂选自包括大豆卵磷脂和蛋黄卵磷脂的卵磷脂、包括Tween 60和Tween 80的Tween类、包括poloxamer 188和poloxamer407的poloxamer类、Span类、Myrij类、Brij类、十二烷基硫酸钠、多库酯钠、去氧胆酸钠和包括Cremophor EL、Cremophor ELP和CremophorRH40的聚氧乙烯蓖麻油中的一种或多种;所述助悬剂选自羟丙甲基纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、包括聚氧乙烯硬脂酸酯的聚氧乙烯衍生物、甲基纤维素、海藻酸钠、西黄蓍胶和羧甲基纤维素钠中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求3所述的扎那米韦鼻用纳米混悬剂,其特征在于,所述表面活性剂选自包括Tween 60和Tween 80的Tween类、包括poloxamer 188和poloxamer 407的poloxamer类、十二烷基硫酸钠和包括Cremophor EL、Cremophor ELP和Cremophor RH40的聚氧乙烯蓖麻油中的一种或多种;所述助悬剂选自羟丙甲基纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和羧甲基纤维素钠中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的扎那米韦鼻用纳米混悬剂,其特征在于,所述其它药学上可接受的添加剂包括促渗剂、渗透压调节剂、抗氧剂、pH调节剂和防腐剂中的一种或几种。
6.根据权利要求5所述的扎那米韦鼻用纳米混悬剂,其特征在于,所述促渗剂选自胆酸钠、脱氧胆酸钠、甘氨脱氧胆酸钠、壳聚糖、月桂氮酮、环糊精、β-环糊精和羟丙基β-环糊精中的一种或多种;所述渗透压调节剂选自甘露醇、山梨醇、甘油、丙二醇和氯化钠中的一种或多种;所述抗氧剂选自亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠、焦亚硫酸钠、维生素C和维生素E中的一种或多种;所述pH调节剂为药剂学上可接受的pH调节剂,包括柠檬酸-柠檬酸钠、醋酸-醋酸钠、磷酸盐缓冲盐、氢氧化钠、三乙醇胺、氢氧化钾、盐酸或三羟甲基氨基甲烷;所述防腐剂为药剂学上可接受的防腐剂,包括三氯叔丁醇、苯甲醇、苯扎氯铵、硫柳汞和羟苯乙酯中的一种或几种。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的扎那米韦鼻用纳米混悬剂,其特征在于,该混悬剂制备成喷雾剂或滴鼻剂,并通过鼻腔给药。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的扎那米韦鼻用纳米混悬剂,其特征在于,该纳米混悬剂中粒子的粒径为300~1000nm。
9.一种权利要求1~8中任一项所述的扎那米韦鼻用纳米混悬剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)将扎那米韦原料药粉碎;
(2)在搅拌下将扎那米韦原料药粉末直接加入到含有表面活性剂、助悬剂和非必需的其它药学上可接受的添加剂的水溶液中,形成扎那米韦粗混悬剂;
(3)将扎那米韦粗混悬剂转移至0~25℃预冷的高压均质机中均质,制成扎那米韦鼻用纳米混悬剂。
10.根据权利要求9所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中粉碎后的粒径为0.5~15μm;步骤(3)中所述高压均质经过第一次均化和第二次均化两个过程;其中第一次均化在350~500bar循环2~5周,第二次均化在1500~2000bar循环15~20周。
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CN101947201A (zh) * | 2010-09-08 | 2011-01-19 | 洛阳惠中兽药有限公司 | 兽药纳米混悬剂及其制备方法与应用 |
CN102028655A (zh) * | 2010-12-16 | 2011-04-27 | 苏州大学 | 扎那米韦固体脂质纳米粒的口服制剂及其制备方法 |
WO2012042197A2 (en) | 2010-09-27 | 2012-04-05 | Cipla Limited | Low dose pharmaceutical composition |
CN103520097A (zh) * | 2013-10-25 | 2014-01-22 | 北京金康驰医药投资有限公司 | 一种扎那米韦注射液及其制备方法 |
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CN101947201A (zh) * | 2010-09-08 | 2011-01-19 | 洛阳惠中兽药有限公司 | 兽药纳米混悬剂及其制备方法与应用 |
CN101947201B (zh) * | 2010-09-08 | 2011-12-28 | 洛阳惠中兽药有限公司 | 兽药纳米混悬剂及其制备方法与应用 |
WO2012042197A2 (en) | 2010-09-27 | 2012-04-05 | Cipla Limited | Low dose pharmaceutical composition |
CN102028655A (zh) * | 2010-12-16 | 2011-04-27 | 苏州大学 | 扎那米韦固体脂质纳米粒的口服制剂及其制备方法 |
CN102028655B (zh) * | 2010-12-16 | 2014-03-19 | 苏州大学 | 扎那米韦固体脂质纳米粒的口服制剂及其制备方法 |
CN103520097A (zh) * | 2013-10-25 | 2014-01-22 | 北京金康驰医药投资有限公司 | 一种扎那米韦注射液及其制备方法 |
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