CN101760547A

CN101760547A - Evaluation and utilization of wheat stripe rust resistance genes

Info

Publication number: CN101760547A
Application number: CN200810238646A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李祥
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2008-12-19
Filing date: 2008-12-19
Publication date: 2010-06-30

Abstract

Wheat stripe rust resistance genes come from common wheat and kindred species of wheat. 29 of 40 major genes of 37 loci (Yr1-Yr37) that have officially been named are from common wheat which is rich in strip rust resistance genes; particularly, farm varieties that fail to be effectively utilized for a long time become effective gene sources which are convenient to use in the breeding; the kindred species, such as Yr5, Yr8, Yr9, Yr15, Yr17, Yr24, Yr26, Yr28, Yr35, Yr36, Yr37, are from common spelt wheat, tip awn goatweed, rye, wild emmer wheat, aegilops ventricosa, durum wheat, poulard wheat, aegilops squarrosa, aegilops kotschyi and the like. The wild kindred plants are important stripe rust resistance gene resources. Yr5 can still resist various biological strains around the world (except India and Australia); Yr9 on the rye 1RS is linked to the disease-resistant genes of Sr31, Lr26, Pm8 and the like and plays an important role in the world wheat breeding.

Description

The evaluation of wheat stripe rust resistance genes and utilization

Technical field

The evaluation and the utilization of wheat stripe rust resistance genes belong to biology field.

Background technology

So far, named 40 anti-stripe rust of wheat major genes in 37 sites in the world, i.e. Yr1～Yr37, wherein the Yr3 site contains 3 multiple allelomorphoss, and the Yr4 site contains 2 multiple allelomorphoss.In addition, also have 70 surplus a stripe rust resistance genes named temporarily.In these anti-wheat bar rust genes, Yr1～Yr10, Yr15, Yr17, Yr19～Yr28, Yr31～Yr35, Yr37 performance resistance in seedling stage, Yr11～Yr14, Yr16, Yr18, Yr29, Yr30, Yr34 and Yr36 performance strain-forming period resistance.Wherein, Yr1～Yr10, Yr15～Yr37 are positioned on the different karyomit(e) of wheat (arm).Except that 5A and 7A karyomit(e), the wheat stripe rust resisting ospc gene all has distribution on other 19 karyomit(e)s.In the wheat stripe rust resisting ospc gene of definite designation, the overwhelming majority is dominant inheritance, has only a few as Yr2, Yr6, Yr19, Yr23 etc., is recessive inheritance at least in some wheat hybridizing combination.Chen etc. (1995c) studies show that, in the anti-bar rust proterties of North America spring wheat variety, some is controlled by dominant gene, some is controlled by recessive gene then, and also the apparent, recessive of anti-bar rust proterties of some kind made type mutually and infected the different and different of period with the strip rust bacteria microspecies according to strip rust bacteria microspecies, wheat hybridizing combination, wheat breed.In addition, research also finds to have really in the wheat cdna group suppressor gene that suppresses the genetic expression of bar rust to exist.There is a dominance suppressor gene that suppresses the Yr5 resistance expression in Johnson etc. (1984) report among the wheat breed Thatcher.

Summary of the invention

Yr1 derives from Chinese 166, its virose physiological strain mainly is distributed in the East Asia Region, China's kind rich anti-13 contains this gene, and this gene also is present in some local variety of Europe such as Dalee, Durin, Heines110 and Maris Templar in addition.Yr2 mainly is present in some European kinds, and a lot of areas all have its virose physiological strain.Yr3 is a multiple allelomorphos, all exists all over the world this gene is had toxic physiological strain.Yr4 also is a multiple allelomorphos, and the deleterious physiological strain of Yr4 is had more present South America and Australia.Yr5 derives from spelt, itself and Yr7 close linkage or equipotential, and rarely found to the virose physiological strain of this gene, nineteen ninety, Australia detected the virose microspecies of Yr5 (Wellings etc., 1990).Yr6 derives from common wheat, and is all more common in various places to its virose physiological strain, performance dominance when this gene and Yr2 coexistence, and performance is recessive during its Individual existence.Yr7 derives from durum wheat kind Lumillo, has been transferred among common wheat kind Thatcher and the Lee, and its resistance is overcome in a lot of areas, and normal and other Stripe Rust Resistance Gene (as Yr6) is present in many kinds jointly.Yr8 derives from the tip awn goatweed, and its virulent gene mainly is present in South Asia, Europe and Mediterranean Sea in the neighbourhood.Yr9 derives from rye, and it is very wide to distribute in China, and the appearance of its virulent gene once caused a lot of varietal resistance forfeitures of China, had caused the tremendous economic loss.Yr10 derives from common wheat, and carrier kind Moro promotes soon at southeastern US, the virulent gene of its resistance promptly occurred overcoming, and all physiological strains of the anti-China of this gene are still effective resistant gene.Yr15 derives from wild emmer kind G25, has been transferred in the common wheat, and all physiological strains of the anti-China of this gene, but in China's wheat breeding, be not widely used at present, it is reported to have detected its virose microspecies in Afghanistan.Yr16 is into the strain resistant gene, derives from common wheat, may be the durable resistance gene.Yr17 derives from protruding partially goatweed, by transformation in common wheat strain VPM1, detected the toxicity microspecies of this gene in the U.S..Yr18 is into the strain resistant gene, derives from common wheat, is the gene of rust slowly of generally acknowledging, durable resistance may be provided, and also not detecting it at present has physiological specialization.Yr19 may derive from this inferior that of plan and take off goatweed, and Yr20～Yr23 all derives from common wheat, and Yr24 derives from durum wheat K733.Yr25 derives from common wheat, extensively is present in many wheat breeds, has found the toxicity microspecies 6E22A of this gene at present on South Africa and other places.Yr26 derives from duckbill wheat, and this gene and Yr24 are in full accord to the anti-spectrum of 26 strip rust bacteria physiological strains, and the position on karyomit(e) is also identical, may be same disease-resistant gene (Li etc., 2006).Yr27 derives from common wheat, all contains Yr27 in many kinds that CIMMYT breeds, and with anti-leaf rust gene Lr13 and Lr23 close linkage, the pathogenic microspecies of this gene are at the existing report of Australia and Mexico.Yr28 derives from aegilops tauschii.Yr29 is into the strain resistant gene, derives from common wheat, itself and Lr46 close linkage, and this gene and Yr18 have rust property characteristics slowly equally, and durable resistance may be provided.Yr30 also is into the strain resistant gene, derives from common wheat, with the Sr2 close linkage.Yr31 derives from common wheat, and is chain with Yr27 and Lr23, and this gene is still effective disease-resistant gene in a lot of areas, and is present in many wheat lines that CIMMYT breeds.Yr32 derives from European wheat breed, and this gene also is present in the kinds such as North America differential host Tres.Yr33 derives from common wheat.Yr34 derives from common wheat, and this gene resistance in seedling stage is strong not as strain-forming period resistance.The Yr35 that newly names, Yr36 and Yr37 derive from wild emmer and sticking fruit goatweed respectively.

As seen, there are two classes in wheat stripe rust resisting ospc gene source: a class is from common wheat, there are 29 from common wheat in 40 major genes in 37 sites (Yr1-Yr37) of formally naming, common wheat is being contained abundant Stripe Rust Resistance Gene, the farm variety that is not used effectively for a long time particularly will become the very effective and GENE SOURCES being convenient to utilize in the breeding; Another kind of sibling species from wheat, from spelt, tip awn goatweed, rye, wild emmer, protruding partially goatweed, durum wheat, duckbill wheat, aegilops tauschii, sticking fruit goatweed etc., these wild kindred plants all are important Stripe Rust Resistance Gene resources as Yr5, Yr8, Yr9, Yr15, Yr17, Yr24, Yr26, Yr28, Yr35, Yr36, Yr37 etc.Yr5 is still anti-various physiological strains in world wide (except that India, Australia) so far; The Yr9 and the disease-resistant genes such as Sr31, Lr26 and Pm8 that are positioned on the rye 1RS are chain, have once brought into play vital role at world's wheat breeding.

In the stripe rust resisting breeding of China, once the wheat stripe rust resisting ospc gene of Li Yonging mainly contained Yr1, Yr2, Yr3, Yr9, YrSD, YrSu, YrA etc.From founding the state so far, successively there is a plurality of batches wheat commercial variety in China, as green ant No. 1, Nanjing University 2419, No. 3, high yield, Luo Fulin 10, Luo Fulin 13 and numerous 6 Mianyang series etc., because lost the rust-resisting property of new toxicity microspecies is forced to change.Improve this situation that Wheat Production faces, one of important measures are exactly the richness that improves Wheat Production kind Stripe Rust Resistance Gene, enrich the genetic background of anti-bar rust gene, fundamentally suppress the generation (Li Yong, 2006) of strong toxicity microspecies.So far, found part wheat stripe rust resisting ospc gene, as Yr5, Yr10, Yr15, YrC591, YrSp etc., strip rust bacteria dominant races on the current Wheat Production of China had disease resistance preferably, if can be to its reasonable use in addition, progressively improve the genetic background of the anti-bar rust of existing Wheat Production kind gene, realize the variation of Wheat Production kind rust resistance genes, will reduce the adaline meeting of wheat stripe rust to a great extent, delay the appearance and the accumulation of the new microspecies of toxicity, make the disease resistance of wheat rust-proofing kind be able to relatively stable, (Wu Li people etc., 2000 lastingly; Parlevliet etc., 2002; Chen etc., 2002; 2005).It is reported, contain the sick kind of wheat stripe rust resisting such as expensive agricultural 21 and expensive agricultural 22 etc. of Yr10, bred and begun small area and promoted (Cao Zhangjun, 2004).It should be noted that in the popularization process of new variety, need be protected the good disease-resistant gene of new commercial variety by rational deployment to different Wheat Production kinds.

The beneficial effect of the invention

Development along with molecular marking technique, many wheat stripe rust resisting genes have found closely linked with it molecule marker, molecular marker assisted selection is used in combination with other breeding technique, will certainly accelerate the efficient of China's wheat stripe rust resisting breeding, reverse the unfavorable situation of China's current Wheat Production kind rust-resisting property forfeiture.

Claims

1. so far, 40 anti-stripe rust of wheat major genes in 37 sites have been named in the world, be Yr1～Yr37, wherein the Yr3 site contains 3 multiple allelomorphoss, the Yr4 site contains 2 multiple allelomorphoss, in addition, a stripe rust resistance genes is named temporarily surplus also having 70, in these anti-wheat bar rust genes, Yr1～Yr10, Yr15, Yr17, Yr19～Yr28, Yr31～Yr35, Yr37 performance resistance in seedling stage, Yr11～Yr14, Yr16, Yr18, Yr29, Yr30, Yr34 and Yr36 performance strain-forming period resistance, wherein, Yr1～Yr10, Yr15～Yr37 is positioned on the different karyomit(e) of wheat (arm), except that 5A and 7A karyomit(e), the wheat stripe rust resisting ospc gene all has distribution on other 19 karyomit(e)s, in the wheat stripe rust resisting ospc gene of definite designation, the overwhelming majority is dominant inheritance, has only a few as Yr2, Yr6, Yr19, Yr23 etc., at least in some wheat hybridizing combination, be recessive inheritance, Chen etc. (1995c) studies show that, in the anti-bar rust proterties of North America spring wheat variety, some is controlled by dominant gene, some is controlled by recessive gene then, also the anti-bar rust proterties of some kind shows, recessive according to the strip rust bacteria microspecies, the wheat hybridizing combination, wheat breed is made type mutually and is infected the different and different of period with the strip rust bacteria microspecies, in addition, research also finds to have really in the wheat cdna group suppressor gene that suppresses the genetic expression of bar rust to exist, there is a dominance suppressor gene that suppresses the Yr5 resistance expression in Johnson etc. (1984) report among the wheat breed Thatcher.