CN101715693A - Method for building wetland vegetation in hydro-fluctuation belts of Three Gorges reservoir by utilizing lotuses - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for building wetland vegetation in hydro-fluctuation belts of Three Gorges reservoir by utilizing lotuses, which relates to a method for restoring vegetation ecosystems in reservoir hydro-fluctuation belts. The method comprises: 1, selecting two lotus varieties, namely red lotuses and Hunan lotuses as plant materials; 2, selecting the prior farmland in the reservoir hydro-fluctuation belts as a planting base; 3, plowing and leveling the farmland, widening field ridges and reinforcing the inner sides of the field ridges in first ten days of April; 4, selecting lotus roots with intact terminal buds as seed lotus roots, planting the seed lotus roots by a ramet method in middle/last ten days of April, keeping water level at 10 cm and gradually raising the water level to 15 cm in future along with the growth of floating leaves and vertical leaves; and 5, managing by conventional methods. The method builds wetland vegetation ecosystems in the hydro-fluctuation belts by renovating the prior farmland and planting lotuses so as to achieve the effect of beautifying landscapes of the hydro-fluctuation belts and improve the quality of the ecological environment of the hydro-fluctuation belts.

Description

A kind of method of utilizing lotus to make up Three Gorges Reservoir falling zone muskeg

Technical field

The present invention relates to the method that reservoir drawdown district vegetation ecological system is recovered, relate in particular to a kind of method of utilizing lotus to make up Three Gorges Reservoir falling zone muskeg.

Background technology

In recent years, the reservoir drawdown band of building formation of large reservoir badly influences the health and safety of river ecosystem, and the ecological recovery of reservoir drawdown band and improvement are becoming the focus of domestic and international concern.But comprehensive research work is not carried out in reservoir drawdown band ecological recovery and improvement research both at home and abroad as yet.

China has 85000 big-and-middle-sized reservoirs at present, and its falling zone revegetation is not subjected to due attention for a long time almost not by system research, does not obtain the ecological recovery and the improvement of science yet.

The Three Gorges Projects is large-scale, and is highly visible.Three Gorges Reservoir height of dam 185m, normal pool level 175m, flood control 145m.Three Gorges Projects completion retaining will form area and reach 349km to 175m ²The reservoir drawdown band, the maximum luffing of reservoir water level can reach 30m, great variety will take place in habitat, height above sea level 145-175m place, two sides.Mostly be forest land, high-quality farmland before the retaining of falling zone, Three Gorges, or densely populated areas such as cities and towns, harbour, owing to periodically exposed seasonal flooding area or the artificial swamp of becoming, existing most of terrestrial plant may not flooded death because of water-fast after the retaining.Three Gorges Reservoir falling zone area is big, ecological environment problem is outstanding, all will produce greatly influence to lasting normal operation, Yangtze River Water environmental quality and the reservoir area masses' of reservoir productive life, has become the great environmental problem of local government and country's concern.

After the Three Gorges Projects commencement of commercial operation, if do not add improvement, the brown falling zone of an about 30m of drop will be presented in face of the common people, and the falling zone is exposed on a large scale will produce serious influence to the reservoir area view.Eliminate this and pollute exposed band, revegetation is a unique selection.After the falling zone, reservoir area formed at present, the artificial vegetation made up and must take in, and this problem does not solve, the falling zone only depends on the hardening project measure, be difficult to improve the falling zone view on a large scale, also be unfavorable for the improvement of reservoir area water environment, this is the guardian technique difficult problem of reservoir area ecological reconstruction.

The falling zone, reservoir area of Three Gorges will have bank soil, large-area mild storehouse and go out to expose after the water-break in summer.Because this zone is a paddy field, provide basis preferably for rebuilding wetlands ecosystems before Cheng Ku.

The technology of recovering about the reservoir drawdown band at present and renovating also is in the stage of fumbling, and the ecological recovery that can use for reference and regulation technology and pattern mainly come from the similar ecosystems such as nature falling zone and artificial swamp.Correlation technique mainly contains Hohai University's patent in 2005 " landscape type multi-stage stepwise artificial wetland protection slope forming method " (publication number: 1632231) invented a kind of landscape type multi-stage stepwise artificial wetland protection slope forming method of holding back the purifying contaminated material at present.South-China Inst. of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences's patent in 2004 " a kind of novel plant configuration and ecological engineering technology that is used for river levee reservoir erosion control shore protection " (patent No.: 03146885) invented a kind of novel plant configuration and ecological engineering technology that is used for river levee reservoir erosion control shore protection, the core material that it is characterized in that this plants configuration is a vetiver, is aided with other vegetable material simultaneously.Nanjing University's patent in 2002 " is newly built the revegetation direct seeding technique of sea wall counterfort virescence " (publication number: 1353226) set up the revegetation direct seeding technique system and the standard of sea wall counterfort virescence, make target plant can high salinity and extremely barren newly building on the sea wall survive, and play counterfort virescence, beautify the effect of view and sustainable use.

The wetland that above vegetation construction technique all is not suitable for the Three Gorges Reservoir falling zone recovers, and therefore exploring new technical method, to make up the falling zone wetlands ecosystems very necessary.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method of utilizing lotus to make up Three Gorges Reservoir falling zone muskeg:

1, find a kind of can be Three Gorges Reservoir falling zone growing plants; 2, propose to make up the technical measures of wetlands ecosystems.

The object of the present invention is achieved like this:

1. selecting two lotus kinds of red lotus and Hunan lotus seeds is vegetable material;

2. original farmland (paddy field is good especially) of selecting the reservoir drawdown district is the planting base;

3. in the first tenday period of a month in April, turned over smooth in the farmland, widen ridge, and reinforce in the ridge inboard;

4. select the intact lotus root of terminal bud to do kind of a lotus root, in April, the last ten-days period, plant with offshoot, keep the water level of 10cm, with the growth of floating leaf and Li Ye, 15cm progressively floods later on;

5. management according to a conventional method.

Operation principle of the present invention is as follows:

1, seed selection

Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) is the Nymphaeceae nelumbium, and its distribution spreads all over Asia and Oceania.From the Caspian Sea of western part of Asia, east is to Japan, and north reaches Australia in the south from the former Soviet Union.Mainly be grown in ground such as China, Japan, India, Philippine and Indonesia, present distribution and cultivation center are in China.One of lotus is a kind of perennial emergent aquactic plant of having many uses, and is not only edible, medicinal, or China's ten big famous flowers.

Lotus is perennial perennial plant, once per year finishes its growth.In general, lotus began to sprout in Gregorian calendar early April, put on display Qian Ye and floating leaf mid-April, the upright leaf of growth in May began to budding by the end of May at the beginning of 6 months, and be the full-bloom stage of lotus 7～August, enter Flowers ending after September, simultaneously also be the long lotus root phase, fruiting period is 6～late October, simultaneously to mid or late October, plant senesecence, leaf is gradually withered and yellow, March in November to next year, then surviving the winter resting stage for subterranean stem (lotus root).

The kind of lotus is a lot, owing to be the purpose of beautifying the falling zone view in order to reach, what the present invention selected is red lotus (Nelumbo nucifera cv ' Red Flower ') and two kinds of Hunan lotus seeds (Nelumbo nucifera cv ' Hunan '), mainly is to see flower and pluck the seedpod of the lotus.

2, the regulation technical measures in the preceding farmland of plantation lotus

Because the ridge of original paddy field in reservoir drawdown district is narrower, is generally about 30cm, the reservoir water level fluctuation is bigger to the corrosive effect that it causes, the present invention widens 1 times on the original basis with ridge, i.e. 55～65cm, and reinforce in the ridge inboard, the water retention capacity in lotus field is strengthened.

3, lotus plantation and management are conventional method.

The present invention has following advantage and good effect:

1. the lotus phenology feature and the reservoir area of Three Gorges hydrology rhythm and pace of moving things coincide, and lotus root (root-like stock) has the function of storage nutrient, can fully grow season in the low water level in summer, blossoms and bears fruit, and beautifies view; In high water level season in winter, then rely on underground root-like stock successfully to tide over.There is the custom of plantation lotus the locality, so provenance obtains easily.

2. when beautifying view, lotus has certain conserving water and soil and the use up soil nutrienst function, can reduce the release of nutritive element to the reservoir area; In addition, the flower of lotus and lotus seeds all have higher economic value, bring the certain economic income can for local community, make the present invention have bigger promotional value.

3. the selection of lotus kind, farmland regulation technology and the final-period management that the present invention relates to can obtain technical support or operation easily, are convenient to large-scale promotion.

4. the present invention is by renovating original farmland, and the plantation lotus makes up the falling zone muskeg ecosystem, reaches the effect of beautifying the falling zone view, improves the falling zone eco-environmental quality; Be not only applicable to make up China's Three Gorges Reservoir falling zone muskeg, can be applicable to other suitable lotuses the grow beautification of landscape and the revegetation engineering in the slow zone of the gradient in the falling zone, regional reservoir area yet.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is that ridge is widened schematic diagram.

Embodiment:

Describe in detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples:

1, as Fig. 1, widening ridge is 55～65cm, and the ridge medial angle is 40～50 degree.

2, result of the test

Experiment is carried out in farmland, falling zone, Bai Shiya village, Shi Bao town, Zhong County, Chongqing City.

The first tenday period of a month in April, 2008, turned in the farmland, take to widen ridge and inboard reinforcement measure, smooth farmland earth.

Select the intact lotus root of terminal bud to do kind of a lotus root, plant, keep the water level of 10cm, with the growth of floating leaf and Li Ye, progressively flood later on offshoot.

According to observation, May, lotus began to bloom, and be full-bloom stage 6～August, plucks the seedpod of the lotus 7～September.

After flooding to 173m through Three Gorges Reservoir retaining in 2008, after the water level depression in 2009, the experimental field lotus began to bloom in May, and be full-bloom stage 6～August, plucks the seedpod of the lotus 7～September.

Result of the test shows: this biological property of lotus is consistent with the water level scheduling of Three Gorges Reservoir just, is a kind of suiting at the floristics of falling zone plantation.The technology of utilizing lotus to recover Three Gorges Reservoir falling zone wetlands ecosystems is the integrated of a plantation and ecosystem management technology.

Claims (2)

1. method of utilizing lotus to make up Three Gorges Reservoir falling zone muskeg is characterized in that:

1. selecting two lotus kinds of red lotus and Hunan lotus seeds is vegetable material;

2. original farmland of selecting the reservoir drawdown district is the planting base;

3. in the first tenday period of a month in April, turned over smooth in the farmland, widen ridge, and reinforce in the ridge inboard;

4. select the intact lotus root of terminal bud to do kind of a lotus root, in April, the last ten-days period, plant with offshoot, keep the water level of 10cm, with the growth of floating leaf and Li Ye, 15cm progressively floods later on;

5. management according to a conventional method.

2. by the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that:

Widening ridge is 55～65cm, and the ridge medial angle is 40～50 degree.

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