CN101711211A - 用于飞行器机身的复合材料结构及其制造方法 - Google Patents

用于飞行器机身的复合材料结构及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN101711211A
CN101711211A CN200780052305A CN200780052305A CN101711211A CN 101711211 A CN101711211 A CN 101711211A CN 200780052305 A CN200780052305 A CN 200780052305A CN 200780052305 A CN200780052305 A CN 200780052305A CN 101711211 A CN101711211 A CN 101711211A
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A·R·马丁内斯·塞雷索
Y·米格斯·查里内斯
J·乔丹·卡尼塞罗
J·桑切斯·费尔南德斯
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C33/00Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C33/44Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor with means for, or specially constructed to facilitate, the removal of articles, e.g. of undercut articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/44Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using isostatic pressure, e.g. pressure difference-moulding, vacuum bag-moulding, autoclave-moulding or expanding rubber-moulding
    • B29C70/446Moulding structures having an axis of symmetry or at least one channel, e.g. tubular structures, frames
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/54Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29DPRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D99/00Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • B29D99/001Producing wall or panel-like structures, e.g. for hulls, fuselages, or buildings
    • B29D99/0014Producing wall or panel-like structures, e.g. for hulls, fuselages, or buildings provided with ridges or ribs, e.g. joined ribs
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64CAEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C1/00Fuselages; Constructional features common to fuselages, wings, stabilising surfaces or the like
    • B64C1/06Frames; Stringers; Longerons ; Fuselage sections
    • B64C1/068Fuselage sections
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/30Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
    • B29L2031/3076Aircrafts
    • B29L2031/3082Fuselages
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/40Weight reduction
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/10Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
    • Y10T156/1089Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor of discrete laminae to single face of additional lamina

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供用于在阳夹具上成形的飞行器机身的封闭复合材料结构,所述封闭复合材料结构可沿特定方向从阳夹具分离,所述结构包括单个外面板和集成在所述面板中的多个内纵向支肋,使得所述阳夹具的膨胀系数大于所述结构的复合材料的膨胀系数,从而能够在单个操作中移除由面板和集成的内支肋形成的已经制造的结构。本发明进一步提供用于制造这样的封闭结构的过程。

Description

用于飞行器机身的复合材料结构及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于飞行器机身的单片封闭复合材料结构和用于制造这样结构的方法。
背景技术
在航空机身中使用的结构包括外面板、支肋和/或内纵梁。因为重量是航空工业中的基本方面,所以用于优化的航空机身的结构用复合材料制造,这些复合材料结构因此胜过更传统的金属结构。
在用于优化这种类型的结构的过程中,最大量的重量减少和将更大量的单独部件集成到更大的部件中被寻求,以便减少制造过程的持续时间和较小元件的处理和装配。
应用之前的方面至航空机身导致以可能的最小数量的操作将外面板与它们的支肋集成。这种示例可在文件EP1151856中找到,其中,之前固化的面板被装配到每个外面板上,也可在US 5242523中找到,其中,交叉的复合材料支肋的框架在几个操作中装配到外面板上,从而形成所述结构。在这些情况下,面板与它们的支肋在几个连续的操作中被制造,另外的部件是需要的,用于随后用联结件将这些面板相互连接,确保面板之间的紧密性。
本发明的目的是用于解决现有技术的缺点的用于飞行器机身的复合材料结构,以及用于制造这样的结构的方法。
发明内容
因此,本发明提供一种用于在阳夹具上成形的飞行器机身的封闭复合材料结构,所述结构沿特定方向从阳夹具分离,所述结构包括单个外面板和集成在所述面板中的多个内纵向支肋,使得所述阳夹具的膨胀系数大于所述结构的复合材料的膨胀系数,从而能够在单个操作中移除由面板和集成的内支肋形成的已经制造的结构。
本发明还提出一种用于制造这样的封闭结构的方法或过程,所述过程包括以下步骤:
a)在阳夹具上布置支肋;
b)将所述复合材料层压在由阳夹具和支肋形成的表面上,以形成外面板;
c)将限制板放置在层压的复合材料的外表面上;
d)放置必需的保持辅助元件,用于高压釜固化所使用的复合材料;
e)在所述高压釜内的高压和高温条件下固化所述封闭结构;
f)根据分离方向的适合方向,分离封闭结构和阳夹具。
本发明的其它特征和优点将在与附图相关的本发明的目的的说明性实施例的随后的详细描述中显现出来。
附图说明
图1显示根据本发明的用于飞行器机身的封闭复合材料结构的透视图。
图2显示根据本发明的封闭复合材料结构的面板和支肋的细节截面视图。
图3显示根据本发明的布置在阳夹具上的封闭复合材料结构的横截面。
图4显示根据本发明的成形封闭复合材料结构的阳夹具的细节截面图。
图5显示根据本发明的制造封闭复合材料结构的过程的截面图。
图6显示在固化过程之后,根据本发明的布置在阳夹具上的封闭复合材料结构的横截面。
图7显示在固化过程之后根据本发明的成形封闭复合材料结构的阳夹具的细节截面图。
图8显示根据本发明的从封闭复合材料结构移除阳夹具的视图。
图9显示根据本发明的第一实施例的实施阳夹具的视图。
图10显示根据本发明的第二实施例的实施阳夹具的视图。
具体实施方式
本发明提出复合材料制造的用于飞行器机身的封闭结构1,包括外面板3和集成在所述面板3上的多个内纵向支肋4。这些支肋4具有蜂巢形状,优选地是欧米加(Ω)形状,每个支肋又包括连接板5和腿6,连接板5是支肋4与面板3分离开的部分,腿6是支肋4连接至面板3的部分。
封闭结构1优选地将具有圆柱形或截头圆锥体形。
封闭复合材料结构1成形在泄漏-密封阳夹具2上,该阳夹具2又包括主体7和槽8,使得阳夹具2的材料具有热膨胀系数,该热膨胀系数大于形成结构1的复合材料的热膨胀系数。
阳夹具2的外表面具有类似于封闭结构1的内表面的形状,使得阳夹具2的槽8容纳支肋4的连结板5。
封闭结构1必须具有允许其沿特定方向11和方向12与阳夹具2分离的形状。
在固化过程之后,出现间隙10,其允许沿方向11和方向12从阳夹具2移除已成形的结构1。在固化过程之后出现的间隙10可在图7中观察到,在固化过程之后,结构1的尺寸保持大于阳夹具2的尺寸(参见图6)。
本发明进一步提出制造封闭复合材料结构1的过程,其包括以下步骤:
a)依次将支肋4布置在阳夹具2的槽8中,使得支肋4的连接板5位于槽8中,腿6支撑在阳夹具2的外表面上;
b)将复合材料层压在由阳夹具2和支肋4形成的表面上,以形成封闭结构1的外面板3;
c)将限制板9放置在外面板3的外表面上,以给所述表面提供表面质量;
d)放置必需的保持辅助元件13,用于高压釜固化所使用的复合材料,它们之间有垫圈17;
e)在高压和高温条件下固化高压釜内的封闭结构1,这个过程又包括以下步骤:
i.增加由阳夹具2和复合材料的封闭结构1形成的组件的温度;
ii.膨胀阳夹具2和复合材料的封闭结构1;
iii.由于压力和温度的作用,聚合封闭结构1的复合材料;
iv.如果聚合已经结束,冷却由封闭结构1和阳夹具2形成的组件,使得封闭结构1达到它的最后的几何构型,且阳夹具2恢复其最初的几何构型;
f)根据分离方向11的适合的方向12从阳夹具2分离封闭结构1。
在这个过程之后,获得了封闭结构1,其几何构型大于初始几何构型,并且相对于包裹(taping)和固化的阳夹具2具有间隙10。
封闭结构1根据其几何特征并且由在固化过程中产生的间隙10帮助,以平行于纵向分离方向11和沿方向12的方式与阳夹具2分离。
进一步考虑到在所述过程中产生的间隙10,支肋4、外壳3和夹具2的设计将使得在脱模过程中没有机械过盈。在设计过程中出现过盈的情况下,如果所述过盈小于在固化封闭结构1的过程中产生的局部间隙10,所述封闭结构1也可被脱模。
根据本发明的另一优选实施例,在外面板3内的至少一个内元件14可被引入到封闭结构1中,该元件不是根据纵向分离方向11设计的。如果这种内元件14的尺寸小于在固化过程中产生的间隙10,那么可实现根据纵向分离方向11移除封闭结构1。
限制板9为封闭结构1提供所需表面质量。
根据本发明的另一变形,阳夹具2可由泄漏-密闭管状元件81形成,完全或部分地成形封闭结构1的内表面的一系列可拆卸元件82放置在所述管状元件81上。
包含在由随后的权利要求限定的范围内的这些修改可被引入到刚刚描述的优选实施例中。

Claims (9)

1.一种在阳夹具(2)上成形的用于飞行器机身的封闭复合材料结构(1),所述结构(1)包括外面板(3)和在所述外面板(3)内部的多个纵向支肋(4),其特征在于,所述阳夹具(2)的膨胀系数大于所述结构(1)的复合材料的膨胀系数,在固化所述结构(1)的复合材料的过程中在所述外面板(3)和所述阳夹具(2)之间产生的间隙(10)允许从所述阳夹具(2)分离所述结构(1)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的封闭结构(1),其特征在于,所述阳夹具(2)包括泄漏-密封管状元件(81),多个可拆卸的元件(82)放置在所述管状元件上。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的封闭结构(3),其特征在于,所述外面板(3)在其内表面中包括至少一个元件(14),该元件(14)的尺寸小于在固化所述结构(1)的复合材料的过程中产生的间隙(10)的尺寸。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的封闭结构(3),其特征在于,所述支肋(4)包括与所述面板(3)分离的连接板(5)和连接至所述面板(3)的腿(6)。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的封闭结构(3),其特征在于,所述支肋(4)具有蜂巢形状。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的封闭结构(3),其特征在于,所述支肋(4)具有欧米加(Ω)形状。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的封闭结构(3),其特征在于,所述结构(1)具有例如圆柱形的形状。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的封闭结构(3),其特征在于,所述结构(1)具有例如截头圆锥体形的形状
9.一种制造用于飞行器机身的封闭复合材料结构(1)的过程,所述过程包括以下步骤:
a)依次在阳夹具(2)上布置所述支肋(4);
b)将复合材料层压在由所述阳夹具(2)和所述支肋(4)形成的表面上,以形成所述封闭结构1的外面板(3);
c)将限制板(9)放置在所述外面板(3)的外表面上;
d)放置必需的保持辅助元件(13),用于高压釜固化所使用的复合材料;
e)在高压和高温条件下在所述高压釜内固化所述封闭结构(1);
f)根据分离方向(11)和方向(12),分离所述封闭结构(1)和所述阳夹具(2)。
CN200780052305A 2007-01-30 2007-01-30 用于飞行器机身的复合材料结构及其制造方法 Pending CN101711211A (zh)

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CN106863661A (zh) * 2017-03-30 2017-06-20 陕西飞机工业(集团)有限公司 一种筒状复合材料零件脱模方法

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