CN101706037B - Liquefied natural gas tank - Google Patents

Liquefied natural gas tank Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101706037B
CN101706037B CN2009102236925A CN200910223692A CN101706037B CN 101706037 B CN101706037 B CN 101706037B CN 2009102236925 A CN2009102236925 A CN 2009102236925A CN 200910223692 A CN200910223692 A CN 200910223692A CN 101706037 B CN101706037 B CN 101706037B
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
lng
gas
storage tank
boil
pressure
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
CN2009102236925A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN101706037A (en
Inventor
李正汉
崔廷豪
韩成坤
崔东圭
文荣植
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hanhua Ocean Co ltd
Original Assignee
Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering Co Ltd
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Publication date
Priority claimed from KR1020070014405A external-priority patent/KR100805022B1/en
Application filed by Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering Co Ltd filed Critical Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering Co Ltd
Publication of CN101706037A publication Critical patent/CN101706037A/en
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Publication of CN101706037B publication Critical patent/CN101706037B/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/002—Storage in barges or on ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/12—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge with provision for thermal insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/004—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for large storage vessels not under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/025—Bulk storage in barges or on ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
    • F17C2201/0157—Polygonal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0332—Safety valves or pressure relief valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0352—Pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/041—Stratification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/043—Localisation of the removal point in the gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/04—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid after transfer
    • F17C2225/042—Localisation of the filling point
    • F17C2225/046—Localisation of the filling point in the liquid
    • F17C2225/047—Localisation of the filling point in the liquid with a dip tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0157—Compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0171—Arrangement
    • F17C2227/0178—Arrangement in the vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0339—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using the same fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0408—Level of content in the vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
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    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/043—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0439—Temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
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    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0443—Flow or movement of content
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
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    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0447—Composition; Humidity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2250/0486—Indicating or measuring characterised by the location
    • F17C2250/0495—Indicating or measuring characterised by the location the indicated parameter is a converted measured parameter
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F17C2250/0689—Methods for controlling or regulating
    • F17C2250/0694—Methods for controlling or regulating with calculations
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    • F17C2250/072—Action when predefined value is reached
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    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
    • F17C2260/031—Dealing with losses due to heat transfer
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/01—Purifying the fluid
    • F17C2265/015—Purifying the fluid by separating
    • F17C2265/017—Purifying the fluid by separating different phases of a same fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/031—Treating the boil-off by discharge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/033—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling
    • F17C2265/034—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling with condensing the gas phase
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/037—Treating the boil-off by recovery with pressurising
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/05—Regasification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0118—Offshore
    • F17C2270/0123—Terminals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
    • F17C2270/0171—Trucks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
    • F17C2270/0173—Railways
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
    • F17C2270/0178—Cars

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a liquefied natural gas tank, which includes a thermal insulation wall, and has the strength which can bear the pressure inscrease resulting from boil-off gas generation in the liquefied natural gas tank, so as to permit a pressure increase resulting from boil-off gas generation in the liquefied natural gas tank.

Description

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) tank
The present invention is original applying number 200710163142.X, and the applying date is on October 10th, 2007, the dividing an application of denomination of invention " liquefied natural gas (LNG) tank "
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of LNG Liquefied natural gas (liquefied natural gas, LNG) means of transportation, it has the member for the treatment of the boil-off gas that produces in the LNG storage tank (boil-off gas, BOG).
Background technique
In general, in liquefaction device with rock gas (natural gas, NG) be transformed into liquid (being also referred to as LNG Liquefied natural gas or LNG), transport for long-distance and by floating storage and (the floating storage and re-gasification unit of the unit that gasifies again by the LNG means of transportation, FSRU) or land unloading harbour gasify again, to be supplied to the Consumer.
LNG gasified the situation of boats and ships (LNG re-gasification vessel, LNG-RV) transportations again by LNG under, LNG through again gasification, and unloaded harbour without FSRU or land in LNG-RV itself, and then directly is supplied to the Consumer.
Because the liquefaction of rock gas is to occur under-163 ℃ the cryogenic temperature approximately under external pressure, so even when the temperature of LNG under external pressure a little more than-163 ℃, LNG also probably is vaporized.In the situation of existing LNG means of transportation with adiabatic LNG storage tank, because heat constantly is delivered to the LNG the LNG storage tank from the outside, so during by existing LNG means of transportation transportation LNG, LNG constantly is vaporized and produces boil-off gas in the LNG storage tank.
If in the LNG storage tank, produce boil-off gas as mentioned above, just the pressure of LNG storage tank can increase and become comparatively dangerous so.
Conventionally, in order to keep constant pressure in the LNG storage tank of using at the LNG means of transportation, the boil-off gas that produces in the LNG storage tank can be consumed as the fuel that advances the LNG means of transportation in the past.That is to say, existing LNG means of transportation for the liquid LNG of transfer of cryogenic maintains-163 ℃ approximately with the temperature of the LNG of LNG storage tank basically at the LNG In transit under external pressure, namely, LNG in the LNG storage tank is maintained almost stationary temperature and pressure, process boil-off gas so the former meeting of described LNG means of transportation is discharged into the outside by the boil-off gas that will produce.
The problem of the steam turbine propulsion system that drives by the steam that produces in the boiler by the boil-off gas that produces in the burning LNG storage tank is that propulsive efficiency is lower.
In addition, after the boil-off gas that the dual-fuel diesel engine electric propulsion system produces described boil-off gas is used as the fuel of diesel engine in compression LNG storage tank, its propulsive efficiency is higher than the steam turbine propulsion system, but the complexity integration in described system is difficult to maintenance owing to medium speed diesel engine and electronic propulsion unit.In addition, this system that boil-off gas must be acted as a fuel to supply must use gas compression method, and the needed installation of this method and running cost are higher than the liquid compression method.
In addition, this use boil-off gas can't be realized the efficient of employed two-stroke low speed diesel engine in the common ship as the conventional method of propellant.
Also exist and a kind ofly the boil-off gas that produces in the LNG storage tank is liquefied again and make again the boil-off gas of liquefaction turn back to method in the LNG storage tank.Yet the problem of this method that boil-off gas is liquefied again is, again liquefaction device of complicated boil-off gas is installed in the LNG means of transportation.
In addition, when the amount of the boil-off gas that produces in the LNG storage tank surpasses propulsion system or boil-off gas again during the capacity of liquefaction device, unnecessary boil-off gas must be burnt by gas combustion unit.Therefore, have need to be for the treatment of the problem of the auxiliary unit of for example gas combustion unit of unnecessary boil-off gas for described method.
For instance, illustrated such as Fig. 4, in the situation of the existing LNG means of transportation of basically keeping almost constant pressure in the LNG storage tank, the LNG storage tank is in first paragraph time (after wherein having loaded LNG 3 to 5 days) some warm.Therefore, solid line such as place, figure middle and upper part is indicated, with natural boil-off gas (natural boil-off gas, NBOG) amount is compared, can produce quite a large amount of unnecessary boil-off gas at the LNG In transit, and this unnecessary boil-off gas surpasses the fuel quantity that boiler or dual fuel diesel engine electric propulsion system consume.Therefore, must pass through gas combustion unit (gas combustion unit, GCU) burning corresponding to the boil-off gas scale of construction of oblique line, described oblique line represents to be different from the dotted line of figure middle and lower part, is used for explanation boiler or the employed boil-off gas scale of construction of engine.In addition, when LNG means of transportation TC (for example, be 5 to 6 days among Fig. 4), owing to do not consume the boil-off gas (when the wait of LNG means of transportation enters the canal) of any amount in boiler or the engine, the boil-off gas scale of construction less (when LNG means of transportation TC) that perhaps consumes, thus be used for advancing engine but not yet used up unnecessary boil-off gas must be burned fall.In addition, in addition when the LNG means of transportation that wherein is mounted with LNG when wait enters the harbour or is just entering the harbour, therefore do not consume the boil-off gas of any amount or consume a small amount of boil-off gas, and must burn unnecessary boil-off gas.
Be 150,000m at capacity 3The situation of LNG means of transportation under, the boil-off gas of burning is annual nearly 1500 to 2000 tons as mentioned above, spend about 700,000 dollars, and the burning of boil-off gas causes environmental pollution problem.
KR 2001-0014021 number, KR 2001-0014033 number, KR 2001-0083920 number, KR 2001-0082235 number and KR 2004-0015294 Korean Patent in early days openly case disclose and be suppressed at by the following method the technology that produces boil-off gas in the LNG storage tank: the pressure of the boil-off gas in the LNG storage tank is maintained under the high pressure of about 200 bar (gauge pressure), and need not as above-mentioned low-pressure tank, in the LNG storage tank, adiabatic wall to be installed.Yet this LNG storage tank must have larger thickness so that storage has the boil-off gas that about 200 Bagaos are pressed, and therefore its problem is that manufacture cost increases, and for example the additional assemblies of high pressure compressor maintains about 200 bar with the pressure with boil-off gas.Also have a kind of technology that is called pressure reservoir, described technology is different from above-mentioned technology.When at room temperature in the ultrahigh pressure basin during liquid of storage highly volatile, this ultrahigh pressure basin does not have the problem of processing boil-off gas, but has other problem, such as basin should be not large and manufacture cost can improve.
As mentioned above, conventionally, the LNG storage tank that the LNG means of transportation is used and allows to produce boil-off gas near the LNG In transit maintains the constant pressure of cryogenic liquide external pressure, so described LNG storage tank has the problem that consumes a large amount of boil-off gas or extra again liquefaction device is installed.In addition, different from the basin that transports described cryogenic liquide with low atmospheric pressure, high pressure is born in the LNG means of transprotation of use such as the basins such as pressure reservoir under slightly high temperature, so it does not need to process boil-off gas, but have restriction and need higher manufacture cost aspect basin big or small.
Summary of the invention
[the present invention is with the technical problem that solves]
The problems referred to above that propose in order to solve prior art the invention provides the basin of the pressure slightly high (near external pressure) of a kind of LNG for the transfer of cryogenic liquid state.The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of jumbo LNG storage tank that has, it can be made in the situation that does not improve manufacture cost and can reduce waste to boil-off gas, and a kind of method be used to using described LNG storage tank transportation LNG or a kind of be used to using described LNG storage tank to process the method for boil-off gas is provided.
[technological means]
To achieve these goals, the invention provides the LNG storage tank of the LNG that is used for the transfer of cryogenic liquid state of a kind of slightly high pressure (near external pressure), it is characterized in that allowing pressure in the LNG storage tank that to a certain degree change is arranged at the LNG In transit.
Provide a kind of LNG means of transportation and a kind of method with following characteristics in the LNG means of transportation of the boil-off gas processing member of the boil-off gas that one embodiment of the present of invention produce in having for the treatment of the LNG storage tank: during transportation LNG in the LNG storage tank, the vapor pressure in the permission LNG storage tank and the temperature of LNG increase.
In general, known following methods is the means for the treatment of boil-off gas: will be used for from the boil-off gas that the LNG storage tank produces boiler (for example, steam turbine advances boiler); Use boil-off gas as the fuel of the gas engine of for example DFDE and MEGI; Boil-off gas is used for gas turbine; And boil-off gas liquefied again, and make the boil-off gas of again liquefaction turn back to LNG storage tank (openly case, number of registration are 0489804 and 0441857 Korean Patent and the open case of 2006-0000158 Korean Utility Model in early days referring to the 2004-0046836 Korean Patent).These methods have for example gas combustion unit (gas combustion unit, the problem of the boil-off gas waste that boil-off gas combustion structure GCU) produces, described boil-off gas combustion structure be used for to surpass general boil-off gas process member capacity unnecessary boil-off gas (for example, after loading LNG), the perhaps boil-off gas of (for example, when the LNG means of transportation enters or leave harbour and Dang Qi TC) when boil-off gas can't be processed member and processed by boil-off gas.
The present invention has by improving flexibility that boil-off gas processes and eliminates advantage to this waste of boil-off gas.According to LNG means of transportation of the present invention needs GCU not, perhaps may need to improve with GCU and in case of emergency process or the flexibility of management boil-off gas.
LNG means of transportation of the present invention is equipped with boil-off gas to process member, for example boiler, again liquefaction device and gas engine, and the LNG storage tank is outside processes described boil-off gas by being discharged into from the boil-off gas that the LNG storage tank produces to be used for.
Another embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of method of setting safety valve in the method for the safety valve that the place, LNG storage tank top that uses for control LNG means of transportation provides, and described method is characterised in that safety valve is different in the setting pressure of LNG means of transportation term of voyage from safety valve in the setting pressure of LNG loading days.The LNG means of transportation that the present invention also provides a kind of safety valve, LNG storage tank and has described feature.
Conventionally, manage safely pressure in the LNG storage tank by the LNG storage tank top mounting safety valve of using at the LNG means of transportation of the LNG of transfer of cryogenic liquid state.Some known methods of managing safely the pressure in the LNG storage tank are: avoid the contingent blast of LNG storage tank by safety valve; And after loading LNG, process the boil-off gas that produces from the LNG storage tank by above-mentioned method, described method comprises: boil-off gas is used for boiler (for example, steam turbine advances boiler), boil-off gas is used for gas turbine as the fuel of the gas engine of for example DFDE and MEGI, with boil-off gas and the boil-off gas and make the boil-off gas of again liquefaction turn back to the LNG storage tank of liquefying again.These methods have for example problem of the boil-off gas combustion structure waste boil-off gas of GCU, described member is used for surpassing the unnecessary boil-off gas that general boil-off gas is processed the capacity of member after LNG is loaded in the LNG means of transportation, perhaps be used for the boil-off gas when the LNG means of transportation enters or leave harbour and Dang Qi TC.Pressure in the LNG storage tank of the LNG means of transportation being used by these methods maintains in the prespecified range.
In this LNG means of transportation, when the setting value of safety valve was 0.25 bar, maximum was had an appointment and 98% is mounted with LNG in all told of LNG storage tank, and all the other about 2% remain empty.Be mounted with LNG more than 98% if having in all told of LNG storage tank, then when the pressure of LNG storage tank reached 0.25 bar, the LNG in the LNG storage tank may overflow from the dome on storage tank top.As shown in another embodiment of the present invention, if after loading LNG, constantly allow the pressure of the LNG in the LNG storage tank to increase, even so when loading a small amount of LNG, because the LNG temperature raises and causes LNG to expand under according to the setting pressure of safety valve of the present invention, so the LNG in the LNG storage tank still may overflow.For instance, found when the vapor pressure in the LNG storage tank is 0.7 bar that even if having 97% to be mounted with LNG in all told of LNG storage tank, the LNG in the LNG storage tank still may overflow.This directly causes needs to reduce the amount of the LNG that will load.
Therefore, not that the setting pressure of safety valve that LNG storage tank top is provided is fixed on the slightly high pressure near external pressure all the time, but can need not in the following manner to reduce initial LNG useful load and reduce the waste of boil-off gas or increase the flexibility that boil-off gas is processed: at the LNG loading days, the same setting pressure with safety valve with existing LNG means of transportation than low pressure (for example is fixed on, 0.25 bar), and then after beginning navigation, passes through by the LNG means of transportation (for example to use some boil-off gas, with the fuel of boil-off gas as boiler or engine) and when reducing LNG amount in the LNG storage tank, as another embodiment of the present invention, improve the setting pressure of safety valve.The present invention is being applied to (for example to be equipped with boil-off gas processing member, boiler, again liquefaction device or gas engine) the LNG means of transportation time, be used for processing the boil-off gas that produces from the LNG storage tank by volatilization gas being discharged into LNG storage tank outside, and have larger effect aspect the waste of eliminating volatilization gas.
Therefore, in the present invention, be discharged into the outside LNG amount that reduces in the LNG storage tank of storage tank by the boil-off gas that produces in the LNG storage tank after, the setting pressure of increase safety valve: preferable case is, the LNG loading days setting pressure is set as 0.25 bar or below; And at LNG means of transportation term of voyage with pressure setting for from being higher than 0.25 bar to 2 bar, and more preferably cling to from being higher than 0.25 bar to 0.7.Here, safety valve can according to increasing gradually according to the employed boil-off gas scale of construction of navigation condition, for example cling to from 0.4 bar to 0.7 in the setting pressure of LNG means of transportation term of voyage.
Therefore, in the present invention, the expression of " at LNG means of transportation term of voyage " mean when the LNG means of transportation loading therein LNG and after beginning to navigate by water the volume of the LNG in the LNG storage tank owing to used some boil-off gas and when slightly reducing.For instance, setting pressure with safety valve when being desirably in LNG volume in the LNG storage tank and being 98.5% is set as 0.25 bar, when the LNG volume is 98.0%, be set as 0.4 bar, when the LNG volume is 97.7%, be set as 0.5 bar, and when the LNG volume is 97.1%, be set as 0.7 bar.
Another embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of LNG storage tank of using for the LNG means of transportation of the liquid LNG of transfer of cryogenic, it is characterized in that, the setting pressure that is provided at the safety valve on described LNG storage tank top is set as from being higher than 0.25 bar to 2 bar, preferably cling to from being higher than 0.25 bar to 0.7, and be more preferably 0.7 bar.The present invention also provides a kind of method for setting safety valve, LNG storage tank and having the LNG means of transportation of described technical characteristics.
Because the problem that the manufacture cost that this method has boil-off gas larger waste and LNG means of transportation increases, so the present invention has solved described problem in the following manner: the setup pressure value that increases the safety valve of LNG storage tank, thereby allow after loading LNG to the LNG means of transportation term of voyage of unloading LNG, the pressure in the LNG storage tank increase and the LNG storage tank in the temperature increase of LNG.
Another embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of LNG storage tank of using for the LNG means of transportation of the liquid LNG of transfer of cryogenic, it is characterized in that the vapor pressure in the LNG storage tank is controlled near in the external pressure, and allow to increase vapor pressure in the LNG storage tank and the pressure of the LNG in the LNG storage tank at the LNG In transit.The feature of LNG storage tank is that also the scope of the vapor pressure in the LNG storage tank is preferably clung to from being higher than 0.25 bar to 0.7, and is more preferably 0.7 bar from being higher than 0.25 bar to 2 bar.In addition, the LNG storage tank is characterised in that the boil-off gas on LNG storage tank top mixes with the LNG of LNG storage tank bottom, in order to keep uniform temperature distribution in the LNG storage tank.On the one hand, because more LNG probably is evaporated when the temperature of a part of LNG storage tank is higher than the temperature of its another part, so be desirably in the uniform temperature distribution of keeping LNG or boil-off gas in the LNG storage tank.On the other hand, because the thermal capacity of the boil-off gas on LNG storage tank top is less than the LNG of LNG storage tank bottom, the local sharply increase of the temperature that LNG storage tank top causes because the heat from the outside to the LNG storage tank enters may cause the pressure the LNG storage tank sharply to increase.Can mix the pressure that prevents in the LNG storage tank with the LNG of LNG storage tank bottom by the boil-off gas with LNG storage tank top sharply increases.
In addition, according to another embodiment of the present invention, the vapor pressure in the LNG storage tank that the LNG means of transportation is used can through control with the LNG storage tank in pressure coupling, in order to admit LNG at the LNG harbour.For instance, higher (for example in order to the pressure that is in the LNG storage tank of wherein admitting LNG at LNG unloading harbour, LNG-RV or FSRU, about 0.4 to 0.7 bar) in the situation, the pressure in the LNG storage tank that the LNG means of transportation is used continues to increase at LNG means of transportation term of voyage; With prior art in the same being used for be in the situation of pressure lower (about 0.2 bar) of the LNG storage tank of wherein admitting LNG at LNG unloading harbour, by according to the present invention utilization can reduce to boil-off gas waste in the flexibility aspect the boil-off gas processing, can make the pressure coupling of pressure and the LNG storage tank that is used for admitting LNG in the LNG storage tank that the LNG means of transportation uses.
In addition, another embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of method with liquid LNG of transfer of cryogenic of described technical characteristics, and the LNG means of transportation with described LNG storage tank.
Exactly, according to another embodiment of the present invention, be used for liquid the having near the slightly high film LNG storage tank of the pressure of external pressure of LNG of transfer of cryogenic and be characterised in that, the pressure in LNG In transit permission LNG storage tank has change to a certain degree.The membrane according to the invention basin is IGC rule 2000) cargo hold of the LNG basin that defines.More particularly, membrane tank is a kind of non-self-bearing type basin, and it has the adiabatic wall in the main body of being formed on, and has the film that is formed on basin top.In the application's case, membrane tank is in order to comprise half membrane tank.
Some examples of membrane tank are following GTT NO 96-2 and MARK III, and the basin of describing in No. 499710 and No. 644217 Korean Patent.
Membrane tank can be through design standing pressure up to 0.7 bar (gauge pressure) by strengthening basin, but the regulation membrane tank should be through designing to have the pressure that is no more than 0.25 bar usually.All existing membrane tanks all meet this regulation, and through management so that the vapor pressure in the basin be 0.25 bar or below, and the temperature and pressure of LNG almost is constant at term of voyage.On the contrary, the invention is characterized in, 0.25 bar or above, preferably from being higher than 0.25 bar to 2 bar or following and more preferably from being higher than under 0.25 bar to 0.7 bar or the following pressure, allow pressure in the basin and the temperature increase of LNG.In addition, be characterised in that by the method for using the LNG storage tank to process boil-off gas according to of the present invention, in the LNG storage tank, keep uniform temperature distribution.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, the invention provides a kind of large LNG means of transportation, and have about 100,000m 3Or the LNG means of transportation of above LNG storage capacity.In the situation with jumbo LNG means of transportation, for the LNG storage tank is manufactured pressure storage tank, because the thickness of basin increases, so manufacture cost sharply increases.Make in such as the present invention in the situation near the basin of the relative pressure of atmospheric pressure with about 1 bar, manufacture cost does not sharply increase, and basin can transport LNG, and stands in fact the pressure of boil-off gas generation and do not process boil-off gas.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic representation that the principle that absorbs the heat in the LNG storage tank that the LNG means of transportation uses is described according to the preferred embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic representation of the LNG storage tank that illustrates that LNG means of transportation is according to the preferred embodiment of the invention used.
To be explanation process the schematic representation of the configuration of boil-off gas (BOG) according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention to Fig. 3 at the unloading harbour by the LNG storage tank that uses the LNG means of transportation and use.
Fig. 4 is the LNG means of transportation of almost constant pressure is kept in explanation basically in the LNG storage tank according to prior art the figure of waste boil-off gas.
Fig. 5 is the figure of the pressure operation type of the LNG storage tank that illustrates that the LNG means of transportation term of voyage that is mounted with therein LNG is used according to the pressure of LNG storage tank and to the LNG means of transportation at LNG unloading harbour place.
Fig. 6 is that explanation is used for the figure with the method for the LNG injection of boil-off gas from LNG storage tank top towards LNG storage tank bottom.
Fig. 7 is explanation by receiving in real time related data at term of voyage and suitably processing and calculate described data and show in real time the figure of system of current allowance maximum set pressure of the safety valve of the LNG storage tank that the LNG means of transportation is used.
Fig. 8 explanation is according to the gas meter of LNG means of transportation of the present invention.
Fig. 9 illustrates the gas meter of conventional LNG means of transportation.
Figure 10 explanation is fed to LNG storage tank bottom with it according to the embodiment of the invention after the boil-off gas compression.
Figure 11 is that explanation is according to the schematic representation of the fuel gas supply system of the LNG means of transportation of the embodiment of the invention.
The LNG storage tank 2 that the 1:LNG means of transportation is used: the LNG storage tank that the unloading harbour is used
3: compressor 4: after-condenser
5: vaporizer 11:LNG pump
13:LNG sparger 21: boil-off gas (BOG) injection nozzle
23: boil-off gas (BOG) compressor P: high-pressure service pump
Embodiment
Below will describe the preferred embodiments of the present invention in detail referring to accompanying drawing.
LNG storage tank according to the present invention can be applicable to the storage of LNG means of transportation, LNG floating and the unit (FSRU) that gasifies again, land unloading harbour and the LNG boats and ships (LNG-RV) etc. that gasify again.The LNG storage tank has the following advantages: reduce waste to boil-off gas by allow to increase the pressure and temperature in the LNG storage tank and solved the problem of processing boil-off gas; And increased the flexibility (for example transporting and store LNG) that LNG processes, because consider the LNG demand, can in all types of LNG storage tanks, store LNG chronically.
To mainly by the example that can be applicable to the LNG storage tank that the LNG means of transportation uses embodiments of the invention be described.
Fig. 1 illustrates according to the present invention the principle that absorbs the heat that enters the LNG storage tank that the LNG means of transportation uses.In the prior art, pressure in the LNG storage tank that the LNG means of transportation is used is maintained in the prespecified range, and therefore, the most of heats that enter the LNG storage tank from the outside can cause producing boil-off gas, and all evapn gas all should be processed in the LNG means of transportation.On the contrary, according to the present invention, pressure in the LNG storage tank that permission LNG means of transportation is used increases, thereby increased saturation temperature, and therefore, most of heats are increased (it is to cause because saturation temperature increases) and absorb by the obvious heat of the LNG in the LNG storage tank or rock gas (NG), thereby significantly reduce the generation of boil-off gas.For instance, when the pressure of the LNG storage tank of using when the LNG means of transportation was increased to 0.7 bar from the initial pressure of 0.06 bar, saturation temperature increased about 6 ℃.
Fig. 2 schematically illustrates the LNG storage tank that LNG means of transportation is according to the preferred embodiment of the invention used.Be formed with therein in the LNG storage tank 1 that the LNG means of transportation of adiabatic wall uses, in the situation of normal load LNG, pressure when the LNG means of transportation begins to navigate by water in the LNG storage tank 1 is about 0.06 bar (gauge pressure), and at LNG means of transportation term of voyage, because the generation of boil-off gas, described pressure increases gradually.For instance, after the position that is producing LNG is loaded into LNG in the LNG storage tank 1, pressure in the LNG storage tank 1 that the LNG means of transportation is used just in time is 0.06 bar, and rises to 0.7 bar when the LNG means of transportation arrives the destination after about 15-20 days navigation of process.
About the temperature aspect, generally contain the boiling point of being permitted polymictic LNG and be lower than pure methane liquid.The boiling point of pure methane is-161 ℃ approximately under 0.06 bar, and the boiling point of the LNG that contains impurity such as nitrogen, ethane that will transport is-163 ℃ approximately.Based on pure methane, the temperature of the LNG in the LNG storage tank after in being loaded into the LNG storage tank is-161 ℃ approximately under 0.06 bar.If be 0.25 bar with the Steam pressure control in the LNG storage tank, then consider the consumption of transportation range and boil-off gas, the temperature of LNG is increased to-159 ℃ approximately; If be 0.7 bar with the Steam pressure control in the LNG storage tank, then the temperature of LNG is-155 ℃ approximately; If the bar of the Steam pressure control to 2 in the LNG storage tank, then the temperature of LNG is increased to-146 ℃ approximately.
The LNG storage tank that LNG means of transportation according to the present invention is used comprises adiabatic wall, and considers that in its design the pressure that the generation of boil-off gas causes increases.That is to say that the LNG storage tank increases through design stands boil-off gas to have sufficient intensity the pressure that generation was caused.Therefore, the boil-off gas that produces in the LNG storage tank 1 that the LNG means of transportation is used is accumulated therein at LNG means of transportation term of voyage.
The LNG storage tank 1 of using according to the LNG means of transportation of the embodiment of the invention preferably includes adiabatic wall, and through design standing to cling to from being higher than 0.25 bar to 2 pressure of (gauge pressure), and more preferably, the pressure of 0.6 to 1.5 bar (gauge pressure).Considering the transportation range of LNG and current IGC rule, the LNG tank designs need to be become stand to be higher than the pressure of 0.25 bar to 0.7 bar, exactly is the pressure of about 0.7 bar.Yet, make hypotony and non-required, too short because the transportation range of LNG can become, and make overpressure can cause being difficult to make the LNG storage tank.
In addition, because the LNG storage tank 1 that LNG means of transportation according to the present invention is used can demonstrate fully in the following manner: during initial designs LNG storage tank 1 is designed to have larger thickness, perhaps only by adding hardening agent in the general LNG storage tank of using to existing LNG means of transportation suitably to strengthen existing storage tank, and need not larger change is made in the design of existing LNG storage tank, so it is economical aspect manufacture cost.
The LNG storage tank that the LNG means of transportation that wherein has adiabatic wall of various routines is used is known in following correlation technique.Therefore, omitted adiabatic wall among Fig. 1.
The LNG storage tank that is installed in the LNG means of transportation can be divided into the basin of independent type and the basin of film type, and following will being described in detail it.
GTT NO 96-2 in the following table 1 and GTT Mark III merge into GTT (Gaztransport﹠amp in Gaz Transport (GT) company and Technigaz (TGZ) company in nineteen ninety-five; Technigaz) renamed by GT and TGZ respectively during company.
The classification of (table 1) LNG storage tank
Figure G2009102236925D0000091
US 6,035, No. 795, No. 6,378,722, US and 5,586, No. 513 U. S. Patents of US; U. S. Patent discloses case US 2003-0000949, KR 2000-0011347 number and the KR2000-0011346 Korean Patent discloses the basin that has disclosed GT type and TGZ type in the case in early days.
No. 499710 and No. 0644217 Korean Patent have disclosed the adiabatic wall that is embodied as other principle.
Prior art has disclosed the LNG storage tank that LNG means of transportation with various types of adiabatic walls is used, and it will suppress the generation of boil-off gas as much as possible.
The present invention can be applicable to the conventional LNG storage tank that aforesaid LNG means of transportation with various types of thermal-insulation functions is used.These LNG storage tanks that the LNG means of transportation is used are mostly through designing to stand 0.25 bar or following pressure, and the boil-off gas that produces in the LNG storage tank is fallen as the fuel consumption that advances the LNG means of transportation to use, perhaps boil-off gas is liquefied again the pressure in the LNG storage tank to be maintained 0.2 bar or following (for example 0.1 bar), if and the pressure in the LNG storage tank is increased to and surpasses described value, then burn part or all of boil-off gas.In addition, have safety valve in these LNG storage tanks, and if the LNG storage tank fail to control as mentioned above wherein pressure, it is outside then by safety valve (in most cases its setting pressure is 0.25 bar) boil-off gas to be discharged into the LNG storage tank.
Comparatively speaking, in the present invention, the pressure of safety valve is set to 2 bar from being higher than 0.25 bar, preferably from 0.25 bar to 0.7 bar, and about 0.7 bar more preferably.
In addition, LNG storage tank according to the present invention is configured to increase by the part of the temperature and pressure that reduces the LNG storage tank, and reduces the pressure in the LNG storage tank.The LNG storage tank is kept its uniform temperature distribution in the following manner: the LNG that LNG storage tank bottom is had a lower temperature has higher temperature towards LNG storage tank top boil-off gas sprays, and the boil-off gas that LNG storage tank top is had a higher temperature has a lower temperature towards LNG storage tank bottom LNG sprays.
In Fig. 2, the LNG storage tank 1 that the LNG means of transportation is used possesses LNG pump 11 and boil-off gas injection nozzle 21 in its underpart, and possesses at an upper portion thereof LNG sparger 13 and boil-off gas compressor 23.LNG pump 11 and boil-off gas compressor 23 can be installed in LNG storage tank top or bottom.The LNG that LNG storage tank 1 bottom is had lower temperature is fed to the LNG sparger 13 that is provided at LNG storage tank top by LNG pump 11, and then spray towards the top that LNG storage tank 1 has high temperature, and the boil-off gas with higher temperature on LNG storage tank 1 top is fed to the boil-off gas injection nozzle 21 that is provided at LNG storage tank 1 bottom by boil-off gas compressor 23, and then inject towards the bottom with lower temperature of LNG storage tank 1, thereby keep the uniform temperature distribution of LNG storage tank 1, and finally reduce the generation of boil-off gas.
The generation of this minimizing boil-off gas is particularly useful for the pressure that increases gradually in the LNG storage tank, because the increase that does not have boil-off gas to process the generation of the boil-off gas in the LNG means of transportation of member and the pressure in the LNG storage tank has contacts directly.Have at the LNG means of transportation in the situation of boil-off gas processing member, if the pressure in the LNG storage tank increases, then the boil-off gas with specified quantitative is discharged into the outside, thus the pressure in the control LNG storage tank, and therefore can need not to spray LNG or injection boil-off gas at LNG means of transportation term of voyage.
In addition, be loaded in the LNG means of transportation if LNG sentences supercooled liquid at the production harbour of producing LNG, then can during LNG is transported to the destination, further reduce the generation (or increase of pressure) of boil-off gas.After sentencing supercooled liquid loading LNG at the production harbour, the pressure in the LNG storage tank that the LNG means of transportation is used may be negative pressure (0 bar or following).In order to prevent that pressure is reduced to negative pressure, available nitrogen is filled the Steam area of LNG storage tank.
Below will describe the LNG storage tank that uses this LNG means of transportation to use and process the method for boil-off gas.
At LNG means of transportation term of voyage, the LNG storage tank 1 that LNG means of transportation according to the present invention is used allows to have in the LNG storage tank 1 pressure to increase, and need not to process in the LNG storage tank 1 boil-off gas that produces, thereby increase the temperature in the LNG storage tank 1, and be LNG in the LNG storage tank and the internal energy of NG with the most accumulation of heat that enters, and then when arriving the destination, the LNG means of transportation manages the boil-off gas of accumulating in the LNG storage tank 1 that the LNG means of transportation uses everywhere at the unloading harbour.
Fig. 3 schematically illustrates the configuration of managing boil-off gas be used to the LNG storage tank that uses LNG means of transportation according to the preferred embodiment of the invention to use at the unloading harbour everywhere.
The unloading harbour is equipped with LNG storage tank 2, high pressure compressor 3a, low pressure compressor 3b, after-condenser 4, high-pressure service pump P and the vaporizer 5 that a plurality of unloading harbours are used.
Because accumulation has a large amount of boil-off gas in the LNG storage tank 1 that the LNG means of transportation is used, thus usually by high pressure compressor 3a the boil-off gas in the LNG storage tank 1 is compressed to the 70-80 bar at unloading harbour place, and then directly be supplied to the Consumer.Usually the part boil-off gas of accumulation is compressed to about 8 bar in the LNG storage tank 1 that can the LNG means of transportation be used by low pressure compressor 3b, and then carries out again condensation by passing through after-condenser 4, and is then gasified in order to be supplied to the Consumer by vaporizer 5 again.
When the LNG storage tank that LNG is used from the LNG means of transportation is unloaded to the LNG storage tank used of unloading harbour, because the pressure of the LNG storage tank that the LNG means of transportation is used is higher than the pressure of the LNG storage tank used of unloading harbour, can flow in the LNG storage tank used of unloading harbour so have the LNG of elevated pressures, therefore can produce extra boil-off gas.For the generation with extra boil-off gas minimizes, can in the following manner LNG be supplied to the Consumer: the LNG storage tank that LNG is used from the LNG means of transportation directly is transferred to the entrance of the high-pressure service pump of unloading harbour.Because the pressure in the LNG storage tank is higher during the LNG unloading, so having unloading time, the LNG storage tank that LNG means of transportation according to the present invention is used shortens 10% to 20% advantage than conventional LNG storage tank.
Be fed to substituting of LNG storage tank 2 that the unloading harbour uses as the LNG of storage in the LNG storage tank 1 of the LNG means of transportation being used at unloading harbour place, described LNG can be fed to after-condenser 4 with again condensation of boil-off gas, and then by vaporizer 5 it is gasified again, thereby it directly is supplied to the Consumer.
On the other hand, if at unloading harbour place after-condenser is not installed, then LNG directly can be fed to the suction port of high-pressure service pump P.
As mentioned above, if unloading harbour place is equipped with the LNG storage tank 2 that a plurality of unloading harbours are used, and the LNG storage tank 1 that LNG uses from the LNG means of transportation is assigned to a plurality of LNG storage tanks 2 of using of unloading harbour each equably, then because the generation of boil-off gas is distributed to a plurality of LNG storage tanks 2 that the unloading harbour is used, so the impact of the generation of the boil-off gas in the LNG storage tank that the unloading harbour can be used minimizes.Because the amount of the boil-off gas that produces in the LNG storage tank that the unloading harbour is used is less, so usually by low pressure compressor 3b boil-off gas is compressed to about 8 bar, and then pass through through after-condenser 4 and with its again condensation, and then gasify again by vaporizer 5, in order to be supplied to the Consumer.
In addition, according to the present invention, because the LNG storage tank used of LNG means of transportation to be being higher than the pressure operation of existing design pressure, during the LNG unloading, do not keep pressure in the LNG storage tank that the LNG means of transportation uses so do not need to be used in the process of filling boil-off gas or NG steam in the LNG storage tank that the LNG means of transportation uses.
In addition, if the conventional LNG storage tank to LNG harbour or floating storage and unit (FSRU) usefulness that gasifies is again made amendment, perhaps build the new LNG storage tank of the storage of unloading harbour or floating and unit (FSRU) usefulness that gasifies again, so that the pressure of the LNG storage tank that the storage pressure of LNG storage tank is used corresponding to LNG means of transportation according to the present invention, then from the LNG means of transportation, extra boil-off gas can be do not produced during the unloading LNG, and therefore existing Unloading Technology can be used.
According to the present invention, the storage of LNG floating and the unit (FSRU) that gasifies again have more flexibility and therefore may not need after-condenser at the boil-off gas management aspect.
According to the present invention, the flash gasoline of generation will reduce in a large number or no longer exist be unloaded to the storage of LNG floating and the unit (FSRU) that gasifies again from LNGC during, and owing to saved the time of disposing flash gasoline, so the operating time will reduce in a large number.And the freighter pressure that therefore unloads LNGC will have more flexibility.
According to the present invention, LNG gasifies again, and boats and ships (LNG-RV) can have above-mentioned LNG means of transportation and the LNG floating is stored and both advantages of unit (FSRU) that gasify again.
Fig. 5 explanation is according to the pressure in the LNG unloading harbour LNG of the place storage tank, is mounted with therein the pressure operation type of the LNG storage tank that the LNG means of transportation term of voyage LNG means of transportation of LNG uses.The indication of F pattern is at the term of voyage of LNG means of transportation, (for example) if the authorized pressure scope of the LNG storage tank at unloading harbour place be from 0.7 bar to 1.5 cling to or below, then allow pressure in the LNG storage tank that the LNG means of transportation uses increase continuously 0.7 to 1.5 bar or below, identical with the authorized pressure of the LNG storage tank at LNG unloading harbour place.This pattern is particularly useful in the LNG means of transportation that does not have boil-off gas processing member.
When the authorized pressure of the LNG storage tank at unloading harbour place is 0.4 bar or when following, S or V model are suitable.S and V model can be applicable to have the LNG means of transportation that boil-off gas is processed member.S pattern indication is at the term of voyage of LNG means of transportation, allows the pressure in the LNG storage tank of LNG means of transportation evenly and gradually to increase, and that is to say, increase continuously 0.4 bar or below, the authorized pressure of LNG storage tank that unloads harbour with LNG is identical.
V model is the operation width that enlarges the pressure in the LNG storage tank that the LNG means of transportation uses, and has the following advantages: be stored in the waste that reduces in the LNG storage tank that the LNG means of transportation uses boil-off gas by the unnecessary boil-off gas that will surpass the boil-off gas scale of construction that boil-off gas processing member consumes.For instance, when LNG means of transportation TC, because propulsion members (for example DFDE, MEGI and the gas turbine) inoperation of using boil-off gas to act as a fuel, so do not consume boil-off gas.Therefore, the boil-off gas that produces in the LNG storage tank that the LNG means of transportation can be used is stored in wherein, thus the pressure of the LNG storage tank that the LNG means of transportation can be used be increased to 0.7 to 1.5 bar or below.Behind LNG means of transportation TC, the propulsion members complete operation of using boil-off gas to act as a fuel, thereby increase consumption to boil-off gas, and the pressure of the LNG storage tank that the LNG means of transportation is used be reduced to 0.4 bar or below.
Whether the pressure operation type of the LNG storage tank that the LNG means of transportation is used can unload the harbour place according to LNG and install for the treatment of the flash gasoline treatment facility of a large amount of flash gasolines and decide.Under at LNG unloading harbour place situation for the treatment of the flash gasoline treatment facility of a large amount of flash gasolines being installed, the pressure of the LNG storage tank that operation LNG means of transportation is used under the F pattern; Under at LNG unloading harbour place situation for the treatment of the flash gasoline treatment facility of a large amount of flash gasolines not being installed, the pressure of the LNG storage tank that operation LNG means of transportation is used under S pattern or V model.
Fig. 6 explanation is by reducing the equipment that the pressure of the LNG storage tank that the LNG means of transportation uses increases with the boil-off gas on LNG storage tank top towards the LNG injection of its underpart.
The equipment that being used for as shown in Figure 6 reducing the pressure of the LNG storage tank that the LNG means of transportation uses increases is configured to compress the boil-off gas on the top of the LNG storage tank 1 that the LNG means of transportation uses, and then will be through the LNG injection towards LNG storage tank 1 bottom of the boil-off gas of overcompression.
Boil-off gas suction port 31, the end that this equipment is included in LNG storage tank top that the LNG means of transportation uses to be provided is connected to the pipe 33 that boil-off gas suction port 31 and the other end are connected to LNG storage tank 1 bottom, and the compressor 35 that provides at pipe 33 part places.
Illustrated such as Fig. 6 left side, pipe 33 can be installed in the LNG storage tank 1.Be installed in the LNG storage tank 1 if manage 33, then need the immersion compressor that compressor 35 should be to be provided in pipe 33 bottoms.
Illustrated such as Fig. 6 right side, pipe 33 can be installed in LNG storage tank 1 outside.Be installed in LNG storage tank 1 outside if manage 33, then the common compressor of compressor 35 for providing at pipe 33 places.
Need to should provide at boil-off gas suction port 31 places and prevent that liquid from entering member.Prevent that the example that liquid enters member from being demister.
The part that the equipment that being used for reducing the pressure of the LNG storage tank that the LNG means of transportation uses increases is configured to reduce the temperature and pressure of LNG storage tank increases, thereby reduces the pressure of LNG storage tank.Can reduce in the following manner the generation of boil-off gas: the bottom injection with lower temperature of the LNG storage tank 1 that the boil-off gas with higher temperature on LNG storage tank 1 top that the LNG means of transportation is used is used towards the LNG means of transportation, thereby keep the uniform temperature distribution of the LNG storage tank that the LNG means of transportation uses, that is to say, prevent that the temperature in the LNG storage tank from increasing in the part.
Fig. 7 explanation is used for the figure of the system that shows in real time, and described system is by receiving in real time related data and suitably processing and calculate described data and show in real time the maximum set pressure of the current permission of the LNG storage tank that the LNG means of transportation is used at LNG means of transportation term of voyage.Can be by the safety valve of described security of system ground control LNG storage tank.
Relief valve (the safety reliefvalve that possesses therein the LNG storage tank at the LNG means of transportation, SRV) or in the situation of safety valve, originally the setting pressure with safety valve is set as lower, so that with the charging burden maximization, but the LNG volume that can cause according to the consumption of boil-off gas at term of voyage reduces to increase.
Can set according to the SRV that volume and the density of IGC rule 15.1.2 by remaining LNG obtains to increase.Can calculate exactly LNG density by measuring the LNG temperature.
When the measured value of the LNG liquid level in the LNG storage tank for example frequently changes, the present invention includes: be used for processing external noise that the dynamic mobile of eliminating ship causes and the system of fluctuation by suitable data; Be used for calculating by the actual volume that calculates the LNG of LNG storage tank 1 with treated data the system of permission setting pressure of the safety valve of LNG storage tank; And the equipment that is used for showing the result.
Fig. 7 illustrates through measuring the related data with the volume that calculates the LNG in the LNG storage tank 1 on the right side.By the LNG liquid level in existing level meter (not shown) the measurement LNG storage tank, measure the temperature of LNG storage tank by existing temperature transducer (not shown), measure the pressure of LNG storage tank by existing pressure transducer (not shown), by existing trim sensor (trim sensor, not shown) measure the trim of LNG means of transportation, and measure the heel of LNG means of transportation by existing heel sensor (list sensor, not shown).The inclination in the running direction of the trim indication LNG means of transportation of LNG means of transportation, and the lateral inclination of the heel of LNG means of transportation indication LNG means of transportation.
As Fig. 7 left side explanation be used for confirming that according to embodiment the system of setting pressure of the safety valve of LNG storage tank comprises data processing module 61, it is for the treatment of the survey data illustrated such as Fig. 7 right side.
Need by using method processing data in data processing module 61 such as method of least squares, moving average or lower pass-filter.
In addition, be used for to confirm that the system of setting pressure of the safety valve of LNG storage tank further comprises LNG volume computing module 63, it is used for calculating by calculating the data of processing at data processing module 61 volume of the LNG in the LNG storage tank 1.
Be used for to confirm that LNG volume that the system of setting pressure of the safety valve of LNG storage tank is calculated according to LNG volume computing module 63 calculates the permission setting pressure of the safety valve of LNG storage tank 1.
On the other hand, can measure the flow rate of combustion gas that is fed to the combustion gas propulsion members of LNG means of transportation from LNG storage tank 1, the initial carrying capacity of LNG and the amount of employed boil-off gas are compared, calculating the front volume of work as of LNG in the LNG storage tank, and in the volume of the LNG that LNG volume puocessing module 63 is calculated, reflect the volume of the LNG that calculates according to the above-mentioned fuel gas flow speed of measuring.
Show as the permission setting pressure of the safety valve of the above-mentioned and LNG storage tank that calculates and the LNG volume in the LNG storage tank at display floater 65.
Fig. 8 explanation is used for the gas meter of the fuel gas flow speed of measurement LNG means of transportation according to the present invention.
Differential pressure flowmeter (differential pressure flow meter) is used for the flow rate of the combustion gas of measurement LNG means of transportation.In flowmeter, measuring range is limited, and larger measurement error may occur for the flow rate beyond the measuring range.In order to change measuring range, should change measuring hole (orifice) itself, this is a trouble and dangerous work.
Conventionally, a measuring hole only is installed, and therefore measuring range is limited, then can enlarge effective range by the suitable measured value according to flow rate choice and operation measuring hole simply by two measuring holes with different measuring scope if still arrange continuously.
That is to say, in order to measure fuel gas flow speed in a big way, can enlarge simply in the following manner effective range: arrange continuously at least two measuring holes, each measuring hole has different measuring ranges, and according to the suitable measured value of flow rate choice and operation measuring hole.In Fig. 8, each measuring hole 71,71 ' with different measuring scope is arranged in the centre that fuel is supplied line pipe 70 continuously, and the LNG storage tank that described fuel supply line pipe 70 is used for combustion gas is used from the LNG means of transportation is fed to the combustion gas propulsion members.Differential pressure type measuring appliance 73 is connected to the fuel supply line pipe 70 of the front and rear of each measuring hole 71,71 '.This differential pressure type measuring appliance 73 optionally is connected to flowmeter 77 by selector 75, and described selector 75 can be selected according to measuring range.
Can enlarge in the following manner simply effective range: the above-mentioned selector 75 that can select according to measuring range is installed between differential pressure type measuring appliance 73 and flowmeter 77, and according to the suitable measured value of flow rate choice and operation measuring hole.
In conventional system, the capacity in gas meavuremeut hole is set near the natural evaporation gas (naturalboil-off gas, NBOG).Therefore, the LNG means of transportation to the less situation of the consumption of boil-off gas under, the accuracy of measurement is lower.In order to remedy this inaccuracy, the invention provides a kind of continuously extra method that little measuring hole is installed.
This method can be measured the liquid level of the LNG in the LNG storage tank, thereby measures to measure liquid level or the volume of the LNG in the LNG storage tank according to used up LNG.
In addition, prior art is not also known the composition of boil-off gas, and this is the extra factor that reduces measurement accuracy.In order to remedy this point, can study by adding gas chromatography (gas chromatography) composition of boil-off gas.
In addition, if the measurement of the LNG liquid level in the LNG storage tank is become accurately by above-mentioned method, then it can improve the pressure with the LNG storage tank of the present invention and keeps a little more than the boil-off gas management method of prior art and the efficient of equipment.That is to say that the Measurement accuracy of the LNG volume in the LNG storage tank can help the setting changing of the safety valve of LNG storage tank is become a plurality of settings, and reduce the consumption of boil-off gas.
Fig. 9 illustrates the conventional gas meter that the LNG means of transportation is used.Conventional gas meter includes only one and is used for the measuring hole 71 that the differential pressure type flow rate is measured is carried out in combustion gas, and therefore has the shortcoming that can only obtain effective measured value in the particular measurement scope.
Figure 10 explanation is fed to boil-off gas the bottom of LNG storage tank after Compression Evaporation gas according to the embodiment of the invention.
If having the boil-off gas on the LNG storage tank top of using by compression LNG means of transportation, uses through the boil-off gas of the overcompression combustion gas propulsion members as propellant by the LNG means of transportation, then described LNG means of transportation can't use combustion gas fully through the canal in for example canal, Zurich the time, and therefore the temperature and pressure of LNG storage tank the local possibility that increases to occur larger.May need extra boil-off gas extraction equipment to solve this problem.That is to say, illustrated such as Figure 10, extract and a small amount of boil-off gas of compression (about 3 to 5 bar) by the boil-off gas compressor, and then put it into the bottom of LNG storage tank 1.
In order to carry out this operation, in the middle of fuel gas supply conduit L1, install and be used for making boil-off gas turn back to the boil-off gas branch line L2 of LNG storage tank 1, being used for the boil-off gas on LNG storage tank 1 top that compression LNG means of transportation uses, and will be fed to through the boil-off gas of overcompression the combustion gas propulsion members.In addition, in the upstream, meeting point of fuel gas supply conduit L1 and boil-off gas arm L2, compressor 41 is installed in the middle of fuel gas supply conduit L1.
Buffering basin 43 is installed in the middle of boil-off gas arm L2.Owing to there are differences between the pressure of the boil-off gas of process compressor 41 and the pressure of LNG storage tank 1, so need to be stored in through the boil-off gas of compressor 41 in the buffering basin 43 temporarily, and the pressure that the pressure of boil-off gas is controlled to LNG storage tank 1 matches, and then makes boil-off gas turn back to LNG storage tank 1.
Need to operate the equipment that increases for the pressure that reduces the LNG storage tank that the LNG means of transportation uses with per 2 hours about time lags of 10 minutes.
Some examples of combustion gas propulsion members are dual-fuel diesel engine electric propulsion system (double fueldiesel electric propulsion system, DFDE), gas injection engine and gas turbine.
The LNG means of transportation of using DFDE, gas injection engine or gas turbine uses following principle: by boil-off gas compressor compresses boil-off gas, and then will be transported to through the boil-off gas of overcompression engine with the burning boil-off gas.Yet, if in the combustion gas propulsion members, do not consume combustion gas or consume a small amount of combustion gas, then cause violent pressure to increase in order to prevent because of the local increase of the temperature in the LNG storage tank, eliminate or reduce the LNG means of transportation Compression Evaporation gas of the boil-off gas discharging of LNG storage tank such as being configured among the present invention, and then make the boil-off gas through overcompression turn back to the bottom of LNG storage tank by the boil-off gas branch line, and will not be transported to through the boil-off gas of overcompression the gas engine.
Another embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of fuel gas supply system, and it is used for the LNG gasification with the LNG storage tank, and will arrive the combustion gas propulsion members as gas supply through the LNG of gasification.That is to say that in the prior art, the combustion gas propulsion members is used as fuel by using high pressure compressor with boil-off gas, but the present invention does not use boil-off gas fully.
The boil-off gas that as an alternative, can add the cold energy that uses LNG is liquefaction device again.That is to say that boil-off gas carries out heat exchange through overcompression and with the LNG of fuel gas supply conduit, thereby (by after-condenser, not having the N2 refrigerator) is cooled.In the case, only have the NBOG of 40%-60% to be liquefied again, but this is not a problem, because LNG means of transportation according to the present invention is configured to eliminate or reduce the discharging of the boil-off gas in the LNG storage tank.In addition, if necessary, can be especially for sailing in ballast and installed capacity is about 1 ton/hour little boil-off gas liquefaction device again.
Employed LNG means of transportation stands intensity that the pressure that by boil-off gas caused increase through design to have with LNG storage tank 1 in the fuel gas supply system according to present embodiment, in order to allow LNG means of transportation term of voyage because the pressure increase that the boil-off gas that produces in the LNG storage tank causes.
Fuel gas supply system among Figure 11 comprises: fuel gas supply conduit L11 is used for extracting LNG and the LNG that extracts being fed to the combustion gas propulsion members from the LNG storage tank that the LNG means of transportation is used; And heat exchanger 53, it is provided in the middle of the fuel gas supply conduit L11, and wherein heat exchanger 53 carries out heat exchange between the boil-off gas of LNG and extraction from LNG storage tank 1.
The first pump 52 is installed among the fuel gas supply conduit L11 of heat exchanger 53 upstreams, LNG is fed to the combustion gas propulsion members, flow rate and the pressure demand of overcompression of described LNG to meet the combustion gas propulsion members.
Boil-off gas liquefaction pipeline L12 so that from LNG storage tank 1 top extraction boil-off gas, and makes the boil-off gas that extracts turn back to a side of LNG storage tank 1 through over-heat-exchanger 53.
Will be fed to the combustion gas propulsion members by carrying out the LNG that heat exchange increases temperature with heat exchanger 53, and make by carrying out the boil-off gas that heat exchange is liquefied with LNG and turn back to LNG storage tank 1.
The second pump 54 is installed among the fuel gas supply conduit L11 in heat exchanger 53 downstreams, in order to carry out heat exchange and after overcompression is with the flow rate that meets the combustion gas propulsion members and pressure demand LNG is fed to the combustion gas propulsion members with boil-off gas in heat exchanger 53 at LNG.
Heater 55 is installed among the fuel gas supply conduit L11 in the second pump 54 downstreams, so that the LNG of heat exchange has been carried out in heating with boil-off gas in heat exchanger 53, thereby LNG is fed to the combustion gas propulsion members.
Gas compressor 56 and cooler 57 are installed among the boil-off gas liquefaction pipeline L12 of heat exchanger 53 upstreams successively, so that the boil-off gas that compression and cooling are extracted from the LNG storage tank, and then between boil-off gas and LNG, carry out heat exchange.
Gaseous-pressure demand at the combustion gas propulsion members is higher (for example, 250 bar) in the situation, by the first pump 52 LNG is compressed to 27 bar, at LNG during through over-heat-exchanger 53, the temperature of LNG is increased to-100 ℃ approximately from about-163 ℃, and LNG is fed to the second pump 54 with liquid state, and by the second pump 54 it is compressed to about 250 bar (because it is in supercritical state, so do not have the separatrix between liquid state and the gaseous state), then with its gasification, in heater 55, it is heated simultaneously, and then it is fed to the combustion gas propulsion members.In the case, although LNG during through over-heat-exchanger 53 its temperature increase, LNG is not vaporized, because it is higher to be fed to the pressure of LNG of heat exchanger.
On the other hand, gaseous-pressure demand at the combustion gas propulsion members is lower (for example, 6 bar) time, by the first pump 52 LNG is compressed to 6 bar, part LNG is vaporized through over-heat-exchanger 53 time, LNG is fed to heater 55 and heating in heater 55, and then it is fed to the combustion gas propulsion members.In the case, the second pump 54 is unnecessary.
This fuel gas supply system according to the LNG means of transportation, from the LNG storage tank, extract LNG, and the LNG that compression is extracted is so that it meets flow rate and the pressure demand of combustion gas propulsion members, and will be fed to through the LNG of overcompression the combustion gas propulsion members, LNG is not fed to the combustion gas propulsion members afterwards but between LNG and the boil-off gas that from the LNG storage tank, extracts, carry out heat exchange.Therefore, fuel gas supply system has the following advantages: combustion gas is being fed to the process of combustion gas propulsion members from the LNG means of transportation, simplify configuration, reduced needed power, and prevented from causing because of boil-off gas accumulation wherein the violent increase of the pressure of LNG storage tank.
Although illustrated in this article and described specific embodiment of the present invention, but should be appreciated that the those skilled in the art can expect various modifications, change or correction easily, and therefore, description herein and graphic should the explanation with purpose of illustration, and can not limit the scope of the invention and spirit.
[effect of the present invention]
As mentioned above, the present invention has the following advantages: vapor pressure and the LNG temperature processed by allowing to have boil-off gas in the LNG storage tank that the LNG means of transportation of member uses increase at the LNG In transit, and reduce the waste of boil-off gas and increase the flexibility of boil-off gas processing aspect.
Exactly, according to the present invention, even the boil-off gas scale of construction that produces when the LNG In transit also can preserved unnecessary boil-off gas, thereby improve economic benefit when being surpassed the used up boil-off gas scale of construction in the LNG storage tank in the situation of not loss boil-off gas.For instance, possess at the LNG means of transportation in the situation of the engine that the illustrated processing boil-off gas of Fig. 4 uses, in the LNG means of transportation, load the unnecessary boil-off gas that produced in some days behind the LNG, when LNG means of transportation TC or wait or move that accurate position surpasses the boil-off gas scale of construction that is consumed in the engine when entering the harbour with the LNG that wherein loads and the unnecessary boil-off gas that produces in the prior art mostly by the GCU burning, but can reduce this waste to boil-off gas by technology of the present invention.
In addition, use at the LNG means of transportation in the situation of two combustion gas injection engines or gas turbine, can rather than pass through boil-off gas compressor supply combustion gas by liquid pump, thereby a large amount of the minimizing installed and running cost.

Claims (3)

1. a liquefied natural gas (LNG) tank is characterized in that, comprising:
Adiabatic wall; And
Safety valve, the described safety valve of LNG Liquefied natural gas loading days through configuration with setting pressure is set as 0.25 bar or below, and at the described safety valve of liquefied natural gas transport instrument term of voyage through configuration described setting pressure is set as from being higher than between 0.25 bar to 2 bar
Wherein said liquefied natural gas (LNG) tank has and stands the intensity that increases progressively owing to producing pressure that boil-off gas causes in the described liquefied natural gas (LNG) tank, with the pressure increase that allows to cause owing to producing described boil-off gas in the described liquefied natural gas (LNG) tank, wherein said pressure increase causes saturation temperature to increase, and therefore enters heat the described liquefied natural gas (LNG) tank from the outside and increase by the sensible heat of the LNG Liquefied natural gas in the described liquefied natural gas (LNG) tank and be absorbed.
2. liquefied natural gas (LNG) tank according to claim 1 is characterized in that the described LNG Liquefied natural gas in its liquefied natural gas (LNG) tank has from the vapour tension between 0.25 bar to 0.7 bar.
3. the described liquefied natural gas (LNG) tank of arbitrary claim in 2 according to claim 1 is characterized in that its liquefied natural gas (LNG) tank is the film type basin.
CN2009102236925A 2007-02-12 2007-10-10 Liquefied natural gas tank Active CN101706037B (en)

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KR1020070014405A KR100805022B1 (en) 2007-02-12 2007-02-12 Lng cargo tank of lng carrier and method for treating boil-off gas using the same
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