CN106461159A - Cold energy recovery system and method - Google Patents

Cold energy recovery system and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106461159A
CN106461159A CN201480077369.0A CN201480077369A CN106461159A CN 106461159 A CN106461159 A CN 106461159A CN 201480077369 A CN201480077369 A CN 201480077369A CN 106461159 A CN106461159 A CN 106461159A
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China
Prior art keywords
lng
cold energy
energy recovery
recovery system
storage tank
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CN201480077369.0A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
柳秀冶
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Ship Wave Electronic Engineering Equipment Co Ltd
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Ship Wave Electronic Engineering Equipment Co Ltd
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Publication of CN106461159A publication Critical patent/CN106461159A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F17C9/04—Recovery of thermal energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/035—High pressure (>10 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/046—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/046—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid
    • F17C2223/047—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid with a dip tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/035—High pressure, i.e. between 10 and 80 bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0107—Propulsion of the fluid by pressurising the ullage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0309—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid
    • F17C2227/0311—Air heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0369—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel
    • F17C2227/0376—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel in wall contact
    • F17C2227/0381—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel in wall contact integrated in the wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F17C2227/0393—Localisation of heat exchange separate using a vaporiser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0605—Parameters
    • F17C2250/0636—Flow or movement of content
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/05—Regasification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/07—Generating electrical power as side effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0134—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed above the ground
    • F17C2270/0136—Terminals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/05—Applications for industrial use
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/05—Applications for industrial use
    • F17C2270/0581—Power plants
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage

Abstract

A cold energy recovery system comprising means for receiving a LNG storage tank; an ambient air vaporizer; the ambient air vaporizer operable to vaporize the LNG within the LNG storage tank using ambient air as a heat source; and a cold energy recovery mechanism, the cold energy recovery mechanism comprising a plurality of heat exchanges arranged to facilitate heat exchange between the ambient air and the LNG to achieve vaporization of the LNG and cooling of the ambient air for further use.

Description

Cold energy recovery system and method
Technical field
The present invention relates to cold energy recovery system and method.Especially, the present invention relates to (but not limited to) be used for reclaim due to The cold energy that evaporation liquefied natural gas (LNG) produces is for the further system and method using, and retouches in this context State.
Background technology
It is only intended to be conducive to the understanding of the present invention to the following discussion of background of the present invention.It is not to recognize that it should be appreciated that discussing Or approve any material being previously mentioned published in the priority date as the present invention, known or any judge in The generally known part of those skilled in the art.
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is the refined natural gas from oil field and gas field, and main component is methane.
Cold energy reclaims and has application to the gas pipeline in LNG receiving terminal using technology, and LNG receiving terminal stores LNG be regasified and as city gas supply to end user.During lng regas, evaporation/ Boiling process is the endothermic reaction, sucks heat energy output " cold " energy.As shown in fig. 1, " cold " can reclaim and be used for including For example manufacture high-purity methane, cryogrinding, supply to adjacent factory, air-conditioning equipment, open rack vaporizer (ORV) and lead to Cross multiple applications that expansion turbine produces electric power etc..
However, due to the complexity of cold energy recovery system, cold energy recovery plant is currently only used for be had away from LNG receiving terminal Factory in the region of limit.
For the electric power station being located remotely from the distribution of LNG receiving terminal, it is supplied to end user to be by tank car (tank Rolly mode) is realized to the storage tank fixing at electric power station (at the scene) place via transport LNG, and tank car is mounted with storage tank and use In the pump being shifted on vehicle, and in order that purpose, the LNG storage tank of transport supplies via LNG as shown in Figure 2 One example of construction is evaporated at the scene.
Fig. 2 illustrates to be supplied to the LNG storage tank 20 of the end user being located remotely from LNG receiving terminal according to the preference of user Conventional configurations.LNG is controlled via accumulation of pressure unit (PBU) 24 in pressurized tank 22 and is maintained under desired pressure.Also Including the main gas heater 26 connecting to LNG storage tank 22, it is used for using for evaporating the LNG in storage tank 22.However, from evaporation The all of cold energy that process produces by mistake is wasted (being dissipated to the external world), this is because cold energy is directed to as described in Fig. 1 Purposes is not by management and control.The demand that main gas heater evaporates LNG needs extra thermal source, extra thermal source consumed energy.
According to above-mentioned, there is efficiently management and control and using cold energy and in supply LNG to being located remotely from LNG receiving terminal Reduce the demand of this " cold " loss of energy during end user.The management and control of cold energy and using being understood to " cold energy recovery ".
The present invention seeks to provide a kind of system and method to solve this demand at least in part.
Content of the invention
Provide cold energy recovery system according to an aspect of the present invention, described cold energy recovery system is included for receiving The device of LNG storage tank；LNG evaporator, the heat of the LNG evaporation that described LNG evaporator includes being operable so that in LNG storage tank Source；With cold energy recovering mechanism, described cold energy recovering mechanism includes multiple heat exchangers, and the plurality of heat exchanger assignment is favourable Cooling in evaporation and thermal source to realize LNG for the heat exchange between thermal source and described LNG is used for further use.
Preferably, LNG evaporator is environment hot vaporizer, and environment hot vaporizer use environment air is as thermal source.
Preferably, the device of the LNG storage tank for receiving is the heat-insulation vacuum device surrounding LNG storage tank.
Preferably, cold energy recovering mechanism includes the operable turbocharger with compression environment air.
Preferably, the surrounding air from the compression of turbocharger is fed into aftercooler and is used for cooling down.
Preferably, the accumulation of pressure heating coil in outer surface wall that ambient air vaporizer includes be arranged on LNG storage tank.
Preferably, from turbocharger compressed air operable to drive gas-electric.
Preferably, gas-electric is further arranged as the LNG receiving evaporation as input.
Preferably, cold energy recovery system also includes heat exchanger, and described heat exchanger is used for so that surrounding air is by whirlpool Cool down before wheel compressed.
Preferably, system includes the vaporizer being coupled to ambient air vaporizer.
Preferably, thermal source is the water source having been used to cools hot engine.
Preferably, cold energy recovery system includes the multiple vaporizers for evaporating and heating LNG.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is a kind of cold energy recovery method to comprise the following steps：A. by LNG storage tank Pressure set up to the stress level of pre-determining；B. guide described liquid LNG to multiple heat exchangers, the plurality of heat exchanger It is arranged as being conducive to the cooling of evaporation and thermal source to realize LNG for the heat exchange between thermal source and described LNG to be used for further Use.
Preferably, thermal source is surrounding air.
Preferably, method also includes so that the step compressed before use of surrounding air.
Brief description
Referring to the drawings only by way of example, the present invention will now be described, wherein：
Fig. 1 shows the possible purposes of the cold energy reclaiming from LNG terminal；
Fig. 2 shows an example of the gas supply system of prior art；
Fig. 3 is the system diagram of cold energy recovery system according to an embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 4 shows another embodiment of the cold energy recovery system of the present invention；With
Fig. 5 shows another embodiment of the cold energy recovery system of the present invention.
Other arrangements of the present invention are possible, and therefore accompanying drawing is understood not to the described above of the replacement present invention General character.
Specific embodiment
There is cold energy recovery system 100 according to one embodiment of present invention.Cold energy recovery system 100 includes being suitable for connecing Receive the vacuum insulation device 220 of LNG storage tank 200.System 100 also includes ambient air vaporizer 300, described surrounding air evaporation Device is operable to be used for evaporating from the liquid LNG of storage tank 200 to receive；Include cold recovery equipment 400, described cold recovery with system The operable LNG to receive evaporation from air evaporator 300 of equipment is used for further process.
Vacuum insulation device 220 prevents (around in environment) heat from entering LNG storage tank 200, and vice versa.
Surrounding air is considered as thermal source to evaporate the liquid LNG in storage tank 200 by ambient air vaporizer 300.With reference to figure 3, ambient air vaporizer 300 includes being couple to the accumulation of pressure coil 340 of inlet valve 350 and outlet valve 360.
For being transported to the inlet/outlet valve system of end user and pipeline is requirement based on personal user, and not Within the scope of the present invention.
Accumulation of pressure coil 340 contacts the surface of the outer wall of vacuum insulation device 220.The outer wall of vacuum insulation device exposes In the surrounding air being in ambient temperature.By adjusting the liquid LNG of flowing through coil 340, accumulation of pressure line via inlet valve 350 Circle 340 controls and adjusts the pressure of the LNG in storage tank 200.Because the volume of the LNG of evaporation is about LNG in its liquid condition Under 800 times of volume, so being easier to realize required accumulated pressure in storage tank 200.
Inlet valve 350 is choke valve, described choke valve operable to pass through to accumulate coil 340 by adjusting liquid LNG Stream is adjusting the evaporation of the liquid LNG in storage tank 200.When liquid LNG passes through accumulation coil 340, pass through with liquid LNG The heat of surrounding is heated, and liquid LNG starts to evaporate.
With liquid LNG evaporation, the pressure in storage tank 200 starts to accumulate in the case of outlet valve 360 closing.With this Mode, the internal pressure of storage tank 200 is accumulated by desired level using accumulation coil 340.
In storage tank 200, the pressure of accumulation can be controlled by the flow velocity changing through the LNG of accumulation coil 340.Stream The change of speed is necessary to evaporation and accumulated pressure in storage tank 200.The method be considered as " cold vaporizer " (hereinafter referred to as CE).
Because evaporation LNG necessary to heat energy will be inhaled into from surrounding or surrounding air, this using cold steaming The equipment sending out device does not need as main gas heater in the state of the art or similar hot water, steam or electric heater Thermal source 24.The pressure of up to seven (7) bars is provided to storage tank 200, and this depends on the capacity of storage tank 200 and accumulates necessary pressure With feed LNG to vaporizer 420 needed for accumulation coil 340 heat exchange surface.
When reaching required accumulation of pressure, once valve 360 is opened, the LNG liquid of pressurization will be by speed control muffler 360 are fed into heat exchanger 420.Heat exchanger 420 is vaporizer, described vaporizer provide liquid LNG and surrounding air it Between heat exchange boundary (interface).At heat exchanger 420, liquid LNG obtains heat to evaporate the heat of surrounding air loss simultaneously And be cooled.
From heat exchanger 420：
I. the LNG evaporating is delivered for delivering in the such as output engine of gas-electric 500.
Before surrounding air is fed into vaporizer 420, surrounding air can be treated to remove impurity/moisture.Especially Ground, the moisture removing before surrounding air touches the surface of heat exchanger 420 from surrounding air is important；Otherwise water (substantially water) is divided to freeze and block the passage in heat exchanger 420.
Ii. the cool ambient air being used for evaporating LNG is directed to turbocharger 450.Turbocharger 450 is operable To compress the surrounding air of cooling.
After compression, will be in than defeated in turbocharger 450 in the air of the compression of the at output of turbocharger 450 Enter the higher temperature of the unpressed air at place.As long as if necessary, mating the specification of gas engine 500, compressed air makes Cooled down further with aftercooler 480.
Gas-electric 500 is arranged to receive following one or both as input：
I. have already passed through the cool ambient air of the compression of aftercooler 480；With
Ii. the LNG (as fuel LNG gas) of evaporation.
The surrounding air of the cooling of the compression after the output of turbocharger 450 should be suitably in alap Temperature is used for the cooling load of aftercooler 480 and is used for driving gas-electric 500, because such optimization is joined Put and will lead to the optimum range of output power.
A specific example using cold energy recovery system 100 is based on following example and calculating：
The specific enthalpy of the LNG (mainly methane) of the atmospheric pressure in the boiling temperature of the 111.55K of LNG with 1.013 bars It is 911.35kJ/kg.
The latent heat of methane is every kilogram of 510.25 Kilojoule (kJ/kg).
It is forced through, in storage tank 200, the pressure that accumulation of pressure coil 340 is realized and kept about five (5) bars.In turbine The compression ratio of supercharger 450 is taken as 3 to 4 (3：4), therefore discharge pressure about four (4) bar.Start in certain form of gas In the case of machine, electromotor input pressure is 12psi, and 12psi is 2.3 bars (12+14.7=2.3 bar).
The liquid (LNG) of the abatement of 1964.5kg/ hour be that heat exchange is carried out by outdoor (environment) air with 40 DEG C and Evaporated.The surrounding air of cooling is with corresponding to per hour 1.7903 × 106The speed of the 39200kg/ hour of kJ is fed To turbocharger 450.
Correspondingly, at turbocharger 450,
The change in temperature Δ Τ of surrounding air is calculated as 1.7903 × 106/ 39200/1.1102 (1.1102=air Specific heat capacity)=41.1376 DEG C.
It is assumed that the unpressed surrounding air entering turbocharger 450 can be reduced to 0 DEG C.
Turbocharger 450 boost pressure in the case of 18psi, then compression ratio be 2.26 (=(18+ 14.7)/14.7).
The outlet temperature of turbocharger 450 higher temperature=
273×2.26(1.4-1)/1.4=344.6K (=71.6 DEG C)
Compare with the situation not using cold energy, the input temp at turbocharger 450 will be 313K (=40.0 DEG C)
The outlet temperature of turbocharger 450=
313×2.26(1.4-1.0)/1.4=395.1K (=122.1 DEG C)
Wherein, for air, Cp/Cv=1.4.
Based on calculating, it is cooled in aftercooler 480 under the nominal operating temperature of 25 DEG C of gas-electric Water save can be 553.2kW.This corresponds to 52% saving of cooling capacity, the such as following meter in following steps Calculate：-
(122.1-25) × 39200 × 1.006/3600=1063.7kW
(71.6-25) × 39200 × 1.006/3600=510.5kW
1063.7-510.5=553.2kW
553.2/1063.7=52%
Wherein, the specific heat capacity of air is 1.006kJ/kg/K.
Example in a practical application of the turbocharger 450 that the air of entrance is boosted to 2 to 3 atmospheric pressure In, the outlet air temperature of turbocharger 450 is raised by the heat of compression.Aftercooler 480 and then cooling air temperature reduction To 25 DEG C.As illustrated using calculating, by using from LNG cold recovery, the cooling capacity of aftercooler 480 can be saved about 52%.
It should be appreciated that existing than the density of intake air at 0 DEG C as the density to turbocharger 450 intake air 40 DEG C high by 14%；I.e. the density of intake air is 1.251kg/m at 0 DEG C3, and be 1.091kg/m at 40 DEG C3.Implement as described Example allows more air in the cylinder that each light-off period is fed into gas-electric.Therefore cold and intensive This use of air provides bigger power and more preferable efficiency of combustion to given size of engine.
According to another embodiment of the invention and with reference to Fig. 4, wherein identical reference refers to identical part, ring Border air (not being cooled) is directly fed in turbocharger 450 to be used for compressing.The air of compression (is in than unpressed The higher temperature of air) and then cooled down by aftercooler 480.The air of the cooling exporting from aftercooler 480 is thereafter through another One heat exchanger 630.Heat exchanger 630 is vaporizer to be conducive to the compression in the exit of liquid LNG and aftercooler 480 Surrounding air between heat exchange.Then compression and cooling surrounding air is being fed to gas-electric 500 For consume before during the evaporation process of LNG (similar to evaporation process described in embodiment above) cold further But.Equipment using CATERPILLAR G3520E gas-electric 500 illustratively can have following example rule Lattice：
GENSET POWER (rated power)=1995kW
Turbocharger (compressor) 450 outlet air pressure=422kPa (abs)
Turbocharger (compressor) 450 outlet air temperature=218 DEG C
The temperature of compressed air is being about 59 DEG C through after aftercooler 480 (air-cooled)
Fuel pressure scope=10 to 35kPag (=111.3 to 136.3kPa abs)
Take respectively LNG gaseous fuel flow velocity be the flow velocity of 392.9kg/ hour and air be 7840kg/ hour.
The cold energy of the LNG reclaiming is 3.5808 × 105KJ/ hour (=392.9 × 911.35), the cold energy of the LNG of recovery Allow to reduce by 45 DEG C of air themperature.
3.5808×105/ (7840 × 1.006)=45 DEG C
Correspondingly, after surrounding air is used for LNG evaporation, the ambient air temperature at vaporizer 630 can be from 59 DEG C it is reduced to 14 DEG C (=59-45).
The said equipment be designed to meet substantially correspond to output 26% increase (=0.57%/1 DEG C × 45) the specified power output of the ISO of 15 DEG C.This can be achieved on, due to empty in the more substantial environment of each light-off period Gas is fed in the cylinder of gas-electric.
According to another embodiment of the invention and with reference to Fig. 5, wherein identical reference refers to identical part, deposits In cold energy recovery system 1000, described cold energy recovery system is operable such that the hot water with having been used for cooling gas electromotor 500 (being derived from the hot water of gas engine set).Hot water is used for the evaporation of LNG gas.
System 1000 includes LNG tank 200, first heat exchanger 1200, decompressor 1400 and second heat exchanger 1600.
LNG storage tank 200 may include as the vacuum insulation device 220 described in embodiment before, accumulation of pressure coil 340 and valve 350,360 to realize the pressure of accumulating liquid LNG.
Liquid LNG is transported to, via pump 1800, the first heat exchanger 1200 that liquid LNG is evaporated.Then, from first The LNG of heat exchanger 1200 evaporation is fed to decompressor 1400 to drive decompressor 1400 as input.
Decompressor 1400 is the turbine expansion electromotor being generally used for producing electrical power.When the LNG of evaporation is used for generating electricity During machine, the reduced pressure of the LNG of evaporation.Meanwhile, the temperature of the LNG gas of evaporation also reduces.In order that LNG gas is suitable for For driving gas engine 500, need to carry out further heats liquefied natural gas.Heats liquefied natural gas are to pass through further LNG gas is made to realize through second heat exchanger 1600.
First heat exchanger 1200 is vaporizer.At the first and second heat exchangers 1200,1600, thermal source is controlling oneself The hot water of the gas engine set through the cooling for gas engine 500.
It is used for evaporation/the heating of LNG with hot water；Hot water is cooled and cycles back to engine jacket and is re-used for gas Body electromotor 500 cools down.It should be appreciated that heating and cooling treatment for gas engine set hot water repeat.
Pump 1800 can be used for compressing and guide the liquid of LNG to first heat exchanger 1200.
As an example, LNG system 1000 may include pressure in 1.03 bars (i.e. atmospheric pressure) in the boiling point close to LNG The temperature of 110K (- 163.2 DEG C) LNG gas.
With the said equipment, enthalpy is 130BTU/lb or 302.38kJ/kg.Liquid LNG is with the speed feed of 1960kg/ hour To the first exchanger 1200, speed can be changed by means of pump 1800.It is assumed that the heat input at first heat exchanger 1200 is 442.8kW (thermal power), the liquid LNG of compression is evaporated and is had the pressure of 45.96 bars；The temperature of (26.85 DEG C) of 300K Specific enthalpy with 480BTU/lb.Decompressor 1400 has the electrical power output of 71.3kW.
After the LNG of evaporation is used for driving decompressor 1400, inlet gas expand and gas pressure from 45.95 Bar is reduced to 5 bars.Except temperature is reduced to 170K (- 103.15 DEG C) due to the heat-insulated expansion of gas, by gas in this expansion In the work(that completes lead to the output of 71.3kW as above；With enthalpy H=480BTU/lb.
When through second heat exchanger 1600, the heat input providing is 126.5kW, and it makes gas with the pressure of 5.0 bars Power is warming up to 15 DEG C.
Those skilled in the art should be understood that foregoing invention is not limited to the embodiment describing.Especially, modification below Can make without departing from the scope of the present invention with improving：
Cold energy recovery system can be used for other gas actuating devices rather than drives gas-electric 500.
Heat exchanger can include vaporizer, condenser, aftercooler or other functional equivalent device and be used for realizing such as The function of describing in an embodiment.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that be not substitute or replace the change of features described above and combination can combine with Form the other embodiments also falling within the desired extent of the present invention.

Claims (15)

1. a kind of cold energy recovery system, it includes
For receiving the device of LNG storage tank；
LNG evaporator, described LNG evaporator include being operable to so that in described LNG storage tank LNG evaporation thermal source；With
Cold energy recovering mechanism, described cold energy recovering mechanism includes multiple heat exchangers, and the plurality of heat exchanger assignment is favourable Cooling in evaporation and described thermal source to realize described LNG for the heat exchange between thermal source and described LNG is used for further Use.
2. cold energy recovery system according to claim 1, wherein, described LNG evaporator is use environment air as heat The environment hot vaporizer in source.
3. cold energy recovery system according to claim 1 and 2, wherein, the device for receiving described LNG storage tank be for Surround the heat-insulation vacuum device of described LNG storage tank.
4. cold energy recovery system according to claim 2, wherein, described cold energy recovering mechanism includes being operable to compress The turbocharger of described surrounding air.
5. cold energy recovery system according to claim 4, wherein, from the surrounding air of the compression of described turbocharger It is fed into aftercooler to be used for cooling down.
6. according to cold energy recovery system in any one of the preceding claims wherein, wherein, described ambient air vaporizer includes It is arranged on the accumulation of pressure heating coil in the outer surface wall of described LNG storage tank.
7. the cold energy recovery system according to claim 4,5 or 6, wherein, from the sky of the compression of described turbocharger Gas is operable to drive gas-electric.
8. cold energy recovery system according to claim 7, wherein, described gas-electric be further arranged with The LNG receiving described evaporation is as input.
9., according to cold energy recovery system in any one of the preceding claims wherein, described system also includes heat exchanger, described Heat exchanger is used for so that surrounding air cooled down before by described turbocharger compresses.
10. according to cold energy recovery system in any one of the preceding claims wherein, wherein, described system also includes being coupled to institute State the vaporizer of ambient air vaporizer.
11. cold energy recovery systems according to claim 1, wherein, described thermal source is the electromotor having been used to cool down heat Water source.
12. cold energy recovery systems according to claim 11, wherein, described cold energy recovery system is included for evaporating and adding Multiple vaporizers of the described LNG of heat.
A kind of 13. cold energy recovery methods, it comprises the following steps：
A. the pressure in LNG storage tank is set up to the stress level of pre-determining；
B. guiding liquid LNG is to multiple heat exchangers, the plurality of heat exchanger assignment be conducive to thermal source and described LNG it Between the cooling of evaporation and described thermal source to realize described LNG for the heat exchange be used for further use.
14. cold energy recovery methods according to claim 13, wherein, described thermal source is surrounding air.
15. cold energy recovery methods according to claim 14, wherein, methods described also includes so that surrounding air is using The step of front compression.
CN201480077369.0A 2014-02-21 2014-02-21 Cold energy recovery system and method Pending CN106461159A (en)

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US20050223712A1 (en) * 2003-12-13 2005-10-13 Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation Vaporization of liquefied natural gas for increased efficiency in power cycles
US20070186563A1 (en) * 2006-02-15 2007-08-16 David Vandor System and method for cold recovery
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