CN101691808A - Plate dry-hanging and mounting robot - Google Patents

Plate dry-hanging and mounting robot Download PDF

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CN101691808A
CN101691808A CN200910070741A CN200910070741A CN101691808A CN 101691808 A CN101691808 A CN 101691808A CN 200910070741 A CN200910070741 A CN 200910070741A CN 200910070741 A CN200910070741 A CN 200910070741A CN 101691808 A CN101691808 A CN 101691808A
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CN101691808B (en
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李铁军
赵海文
刘今越
杨冬
王海玲
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Hebei University of Technology
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种板材干挂工艺安装机器人,其特征在于该安装机器人采用模块化结构,包括移动本体模块、安装操作模块、视觉导引安装定位系统模块和运动控制系统模块;所述的移动本体模块主要包括改进的电动叉车;所述的安装操作模块搭载在电动叉车的提升平台上,主要包括三自由度并联转动平台模块,安装在三自由度并联转动平台模块上方的三自由度串联移动模块和与三自由度串联移动模块连接的末端执行器模块;所述的视觉导引安装定位系统模块包括摄像机、激光测距传感器、倾角传感器、图像采集软件和图像处理软件;所述的运动控制系统模块包括工业控制计算机、运动控制卡、信号采集卡和伺服驱动单元。

The invention relates to a panel dry-hanging process installation robot, which is characterized in that the installation robot adopts a modular structure, including a mobile body module, an installation operation module, a visual guidance installation positioning system module and a motion control system module; the mobile body module The module mainly includes an improved electric forklift; the installation and operation module is carried on the lifting platform of the electric forklift, and mainly includes a three-degree-of-freedom parallel rotating platform module, and a three-degree-of-freedom serial mobile module installed above the three-degree-of-freedom parallel rotating platform module and the end effector module connected with the three-degree-of-freedom serial movement module; the vision-guided installation positioning system module includes a camera, a laser ranging sensor, an inclination sensor, image acquisition software and image processing software; the motion control system The module includes industrial control computer, motion control card, signal acquisition card and servo drive unit.

Description

一种板材干挂工艺安装机器人A plate dry hanging process installation robot

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及到机器人应用和建安技术,具体为一种在建筑装修领域的大型板材干挂工艺安装机器人,目的在于提高生产效率和安装质量,增强作业安全系数,降低劳动强度。The invention relates to robot application and construction and installation technology, specifically a large plate dry-hanging process installation robot in the field of building decoration, with the purpose of improving production efficiency and installation quality, enhancing operation safety factor, and reducing labor intensity.

背景技术Background technique

随着科学技术水平的迅猛发展,机器人在越来越多的领域中得到应用,而建筑机器人是机器人技术的一个崭新的应用领域。开发建筑机器人,旨在提高建筑施工作业的自动化程度,提升施工速度及安全性,并降低工人的劳动强度。美国、日本等经济发达国家对此极为重视,先后实施了自己的建筑机器人研究开发计划并取得了一定的成果。国内主要针对于建筑机器人的研究相对较少,处于起步阶段,目前的研究主要集中在高层建筑清洁、喷涂机器人以及一些建筑工程机械自动化等方面,针对于板材安装方面的机器人技术研究仍为空白领域。例如,建筑机器人研究领域的一些研究成果主要有:日本Takenaka公司研制出一种“地面样板刮平机器人”——Surf Robo,主要研制了对地面进行刮平的自动化设备(Dooil Hwang.EXPERIMENTALSTUDY OF FULL SCALE CONCRETE WALL CONSTRUCTION USINGCONTOUR CRAFTING UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA.MAY2005.),美国的Behrokh Khoshnevis所研制的盖房子机器人(BehrokhKhoshnevis.Automated construction by contour crafting-related robotics andinformation technologies.Automation in Construction.13(2004):5-19),韩国Hyeun-Seok Choia,Chang-Soo Hana等人所研制的安装小型玻璃与壁板的建筑机器人(Hyeun-Seok Choia,Chang-Soo Hana,Kye-young Leeb,Sang-heon Lee.Development of hybrid robot for construction works with pneumatic actuator.Automation in Construction 14(2005):452-459)等。在这些研究中,建筑机器人的作业对象一般为小型玻璃或壁板,或者是具有特殊功能的整体房屋的构建,但对于大型板材的自动化安装搬运仍然未能涉足。而目前大型场馆、楼堂殿宇、火车站等大型建筑的幕墙装修工程,主要采用大理石或者玻璃等材料。这些材料为板形(即板材),重量沉、尺寸大,一般采用干挂工艺进行施工,施工过程中需要搭设脚手架和辅助设施,更需要数量众多的安装工人,工人劳动强度很大,且施工速度慢,安全性差,因此迫切需要一种主要针对大尺寸、大重量石质板材或玻璃幕墙使用干挂工艺的安装机器人,以代替人工工作,提高施工效率和安全性。With the rapid development of science and technology, robots are used in more and more fields, and construction robots are a new application field of robot technology. The development of construction robots aims to improve the automation of construction operations, improve construction speed and safety, and reduce the labor intensity of workers. Economically developed countries such as the United States and Japan attach great importance to this, and have implemented their own research and development plans for construction robots and achieved certain results. There are relatively few domestic researches on construction robots, which are still in their infancy. The current research mainly focuses on high-rise building cleaning, spraying robots, and automation of some construction machinery. The robotics research on panel installation is still a blank field. . For example, some research results in the field of construction robot research mainly include: Japanese Takenaka Company has developed a "ground model scraping robot" - Surf Robo, which mainly develops automatic equipment for scraping the ground (Dooil Hwang. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF FULL SCALE CONCRETE WALL CONSTRUCTION USINGCONTOUR CRAFTING UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA.MAY2005.),美国的Behrokh Khoshnevis所研制的盖房子机器人(BehrokhKhoshnevis.Automated construction by contour crafting-related robotics andinformation technologies.Automation in Construction.13(2004):5- 19), South Korea Hyeun-Seok Choia, Chang-Soo Hana and others developed a construction robot for installing small glass and wall panels (Hyeun-Seok Choia, Chang-Soo Hana, Kye-young Leeb, Sang-heon Lee.Development of hybrid robot for construction works with pneumatic actuator. Automation in Construction 14(2005): 452-459), etc. In these studies, the working objects of construction robots are generally small glass or wall panels, or the construction of whole houses with special functions, but the automatic installation and handling of large panels has not yet been involved. At present, the curtain wall decoration projects of large buildings such as large venues, buildings and palaces, and railway stations mainly use materials such as marble or glass. These materials are plate-shaped (that is, plates), heavy in weight and large in size. Generally, dry-hanging technology is used for construction. During the construction process, scaffolding and auxiliary facilities are required, and a large number of installation workers are required. The labor intensity of workers is very high. The speed is slow and the safety is poor. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an installation robot that mainly uses dry-hanging technology for large-size and heavy stone panels or glass curtain walls to replace manual work and improve construction efficiency and safety.

发明内容Contents of the invention

针对现有技术的不足,本发明拟解决的技术问题是,提供一种板材干挂工艺安装机器人,该机器人可克服当前工艺所存在的缺点与不足,特别适用于大尺寸、大重量的建筑或装饰板材的机械化、自动化安装施工,具有人工省,效率高,安全性好等优点,Aiming at the deficiencies of the existing technology, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a panel dry-hanging process installation robot, which can overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of the current process, and is especially suitable for large-scale, heavy-weight buildings or The mechanized and automated installation and construction of decorative panels has the advantages of labor-saving, high efficiency, and good safety.

本发明解决所述技术问题的技术方案是:设计一种板材干挂工艺安装机器人,其特征在于该安装机器人采用模块化结构,包括移动本体模块、安装操作模块、视觉导引安装定位系统模块和运动控制系统模块;The technical solution of the present invention to solve the technical problem is to design a panel dry-hanging process installation robot, which is characterized in that the installation robot adopts a modular structure, including a mobile body module, an installation operation module, a vision-guided installation and positioning system module and Motion control system module;

所述的移动本体模块主要包括电动叉车、自动控制装置和在电动叉车车体周围的下部安装的3-5个超声测距传感器;所述自动控制装置安装在电动叉车的手动控制台上,通过三条同步带牵引叉车手动控制手柄前后移动;同步带一端的同步带轮可以自由转动,另一端的同步带轮分别由对应的电磁离合器与步进电机控制;The mobile body module mainly includes an electric forklift, an automatic control device and 3-5 ultrasonic distance measuring sensors installed on the lower part around the electric forklift body; the automatic control device is installed on the manual console of the electric forklift, through Three synchronous belts pull the forklift manual control handle to move back and forth; the synchronous pulley at one end of the synchronous belt can rotate freely, and the synchronous pulley at the other end is controlled by the corresponding electromagnetic clutch and stepping motor;

所述的安装操作模块主要由六自由度安装机械手构成,该安装机械手搭载在电动叉车的提升平台上,该安装机械手包括三自由度并联转动平台模块,安装在三自由度并联转动平台模块上方的三自由度串联移动模块和与三自由度串联移动模块连接的末端执行器模块;所述三自由度并联转动平台模块包括静平台和动平台,静平台的中心与动平台的中心设置约束支链,约束支链包括机械连接的固定支撑杆和中心球铰,固定支撑杆与静平台的中心连接,中心球铰与动平台的中心连接;在静平台上以约束支链为形心的等边三角形的三个顶点处分别安装有虎克铰,且其中的一个虎克铰位于约束支链的-Y方向;在动平台上以约束支链为形心的等边三角形的三个顶点处分别安装有球铰,且其中的一个球铰位于约束支链的+Y方向;三个虎克铰与三个球铰之间分别对应连接有可以伸缩的电动推杆,构成三个转动支链;所述的三自由度串联移动模块包括Y轴、Z轴两个移动副和一个X轴转动副;Y轴移动副的直线导轨、Y轴丝杠和Y轴伺服电机直接安装在所述的动平台上;Y轴滑台由Y轴伺服电机通过Y轴丝杠驱动;X轴转动副采用平行四边形的四杆机构:两个等长平行的转动杆的下端分别通过转动轴与Y轴的滑台相连接,转动杆的上端分别与平动杆的两端机械连接;电动推杆的两端分别与一个转动杆和Y轴滑台机械连接,构成四杆机构的驱动部件;Z轴移动副的基板装在平动杆的工作一端,Z轴伺服电机、直线导轨和Z轴丝杠分别安装在Z轴基板上,Z轴滑台由Z轴伺服电机通过Z轴丝杠驱动,沿垂直于动平台平面的方向运动;所述的末端执行器模块包括固定在Z轴滑台上的吸盘架和在吸盘架四角均布安装的四个真空吸盘;The installation operation module is mainly composed of a six-degree-of-freedom installation manipulator, which is mounted on the lifting platform of the electric forklift. The three-degree-of-freedom series mobile module and the end effector module connected with the three-degree-of-freedom series mobile module; the three-degree-of-freedom parallel rotating platform module includes a static platform and a dynamic platform, and the center of the static platform and the center of the dynamic platform are provided with a constraint branch chain , the constraint branch chain includes a fixed support rod and a central spherical hinge mechanically connected, the fixed support rod is connected with the center of the static platform, and the central spherical hinge is connected with the center of the dynamic platform; Hooke hinges are respectively installed at the three vertices of the triangle, and one of the Hooke hinges is located in the -Y direction of the restraint branch chain; Spherical hinges are installed, and one of them is located in the +Y direction of the constraining branch chain; the three Hooke hinges and the three spherical hinges are respectively connected with telescopic electric push rods to form three rotating branch chains; The three-degree-of-freedom serial movement module includes two moving pairs of the Y-axis and the Z-axis and one X-axis rotating pair; the linear guide rail of the Y-axis moving pair, the Y-axis screw and the Y-axis servo motor are directly installed on the moving pair. On the platform; the Y-axis sliding table is driven by the Y-axis servo motor through the Y-axis screw; the X-axis rotating pair adopts a parallelogram four-bar mechanism: the lower ends of two equal-length and parallel rotating rods pass through the rotating shaft and the Y-axis respectively. The upper end of the rotating rod is mechanically connected with the two ends of the translation rod; the two ends of the electric push rod are respectively connected mechanically with a rotating rod and the Y-axis sliding table, which constitutes the driving part of the four-bar mechanism; the Z-axis moving pair The base plate is installed on the working end of the translation rod. The Z-axis servo motor, linear guide rail and Z-axis screw are respectively installed on the Z-axis base plate. The Z-axis slide is driven by the Z-axis servo motor through the Z-axis screw. direction movement of the moving platform plane; the end effector module includes a suction cup frame fixed on the Z-axis slide table and four vacuum suction cups evenly distributed at the four corners of the suction cup frame;

所述的视觉导引安装定位系统模块包括摄像机、激光测距传感器、倾角传感器、图像采集软件和图像处理软件;所述摄像机安装在所述的平动杆上;所述激光测距传感器安装在动平台下面的两侧;所述倾角传感器安装在动平台下面的中间位置,且与动平台表面平行;The vision guidance installation positioning system module includes a camera, a laser ranging sensor, an inclination sensor, image acquisition software and image processing software; the camera is installed on the translation bar; the laser ranging sensor is installed on the The two sides below the moving platform; the inclination sensor is installed in the middle position below the moving platform, and is parallel to the surface of the moving platform;

所述的运动控制系统模块包括工业控制计算机、运动控制卡、信号采集卡和伺服驱动单元。The motion control system module includes an industrial control computer, a motion control card, a signal acquisition card and a servo drive unit.

与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1、实现大型板材的抓取、搬运、安装以及质量检测的机械化和自动化作业,提高板材安装质量、生产效率和经济效益,大幅节省劳动力,降低劳动强度,节约施工成本;1. Realize the mechanization and automation of grasping, handling, installation and quality inspection of large plates, improve the quality of plate installation, production efficiency and economic benefits, greatly save labor, reduce labor intensity, and save construction costs;

2、不需要搭设和拆装脚手架等辅助设备,直接施工板材干挂安装工艺,且操作工艺简单,施工环境优化,施工安全性提高。2. There is no need for auxiliary equipment such as erection and disassembly of scaffolding, and the dry-hanging installation process of panels is directly constructed, and the operation process is simple, the construction environment is optimized, and the construction safety is improved.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本发明板材干挂工艺安装机器人一种实施例的整机结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the whole machine structure of an embodiment of the installation robot for the dry-hanging process of panels according to the present invention.

图2为本发明板材干挂工艺安装机器人一种实施例的电动叉车结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an electric forklift according to an embodiment of an installation robot for the dry-hanging process of panels according to the present invention.

图3为本发明板材干挂工艺安装机器人一种实施例的自动控制装置示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an automatic control device of an embodiment of an installation robot for the dry-hanging process of panels according to the present invention.

图4为本发明板材干挂工艺安装机器人一种实施例的三自由度并联转动模块结构示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-degree-of-freedom parallel rotating module of an embodiment of an installation robot for the panel dry-hanging process of the present invention.

图5为本发明板材干挂工艺安装机器人一种实施例的三自由度移动模块结构示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-degree-of-freedom mobile module of an embodiment of an installation robot for the dry-hanging process of panels according to the present invention.

图6为本发明板材干挂工艺安装机器人一种实施例的末端执行器结构示意图。Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an end effector of an embodiment of an installation robot for a panel dry-hanging process according to the present invention.

图7为本发明板材干挂工艺安装机器人一种实施例的辅助定位支撑架结构示意图。Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an auxiliary positioning support frame of an embodiment of an installation robot for the dry-hanging process of panels according to the present invention.

图8为本发明板材干挂工艺安装机器人一种实施例的扶墙机构结构示意图。Fig. 8 is a structural schematic diagram of a supporting wall mechanism of an embodiment of an installation robot for the panel dry hanging process of the present invention.

具体实施方式:Detailed ways:

以下结合实施例及其附图,对本发明板材干挂工艺安装机器人所提供的具体实施方式、结构、特征及其功效,详细说明如下:Below in combination with the embodiments and accompanying drawings, the specific implementation, structure, features and effects provided by the panel dry-hanging process installation robot of the present invention are described in detail as follows:

本发明设计的板材干挂工艺安装机器人(简称安装机器人,参见图1-8),采用模块化结构,包括移动本体模块、安装操作模块、视觉导引安装定位系统模块和运动控制系统模块。所述各个模块在实际应用中结合或配合使用,有效地实现板材自动化和机械化安装目的。The panel dry-hanging process installation robot designed by the present invention (referred to as the installation robot, see Figure 1-8) adopts a modular structure, including a mobile body module, an installation operation module, a visual guidance installation positioning system module and a motion control system module. The various modules are combined or used together in practical applications to effectively realize the purpose of panel automation and mechanized installation.

本发明移动本体模块主要实现安装机器人在室内粗糙水泥地面上自由行走和在操作空间内灵活移动,并能够将安装操作模块(安装机械手)提升到指定高度,实现板材安装的粗定位。本发明移动本体模块以现有电动叉车1为基础进行改造(参见图1、2):主要包括在电动叉车1的手动控制台上加装的自动控制装置2,使货叉的上升由原有的手动控制改造为由工业计算机的自动控制,以及在电动叉车1的车体上安装的超声测距传感器,使移动本体具有灵活的移动功能和蔽障功能,并且具有足够的承载能力和提升高度。本发明实施例选用的门架前移式电动叉车1,门架102可整体沿叉车的前后方向移动,叉腿101可沿门架上下方向和左右方向移动。为了实现移动本体的避障功能,在车体周围的下部安装有3-5个超声测距传感器104。所述的自动控制装置2(参见图2、3),主要功能是实现门架102前移和叉腿101上升的自动控制。该自动控制装置2安装在叉车的手动控制台上,通过三条同步带205牵引叉车手动控制手柄103前后移动。同步带一端的同步带轮201可以自由转动,另一端的同步带轮203分别与对应的电磁离合器204与步进电机202相连接。通过控制步进电机202的转动和电磁离合器204的分与合,可以控制电动叉车1的手动控制手柄103的前后移动。The mobile body module of the present invention mainly enables the installation robot to walk freely on the indoor rough cement floor and move flexibly in the operation space, and can lift the installation operation module (installation manipulator) to a specified height to realize rough positioning of the board installation. The mobile body module of the present invention is transformed on the basis of the existing electric forklift 1 (see Figures 1 and 2): it mainly includes an automatic control device 2 installed on the manual console of the electric forklift 1, so that the lifting of the pallet fork is changed from the original The manual control is transformed into an automatic control by an industrial computer, and an ultrasonic distance measuring sensor is installed on the body of the electric forklift 1, so that the mobile body has flexible moving functions and obstacle shielding functions, and has sufficient carrying capacity and lifting height . In the mast-forward electric forklift 1 selected in the embodiment of the present invention, the mast 102 can move along the front and rear directions of the forklift as a whole, and the fork legs 101 can move along the mast's up-down direction and left-right direction. In order to realize the obstacle avoidance function of the mobile body, 3-5 ultrasonic ranging sensors 104 are installed around the lower part of the vehicle body. The main function of the automatic control device 2 (see FIGS. 2 and 3 ) is to realize the automatic control of the forward movement of the mast 102 and the rise of the fork legs 101 . The automatic control device 2 is installed on the manual control console of the forklift, and the manual control handle 103 of the forklift is pulled by three synchronous belts 205 to move back and forth. The synchronous pulley 201 at one end of the synchronous belt can rotate freely, and the synchronous pulley 203 at the other end is connected with the corresponding electromagnetic clutch 204 and the stepping motor 202 respectively. By controlling the rotation of the stepping motor 202 and the opening and closing of the electromagnetic clutch 204, the forward and backward movement of the manual control handle 103 of the electric forklift 1 can be controlled.

本发明安装操作模块主要由六自由度安装机械手(简称安装机械手)构成,该安装机械手搭载在电动叉车1的提升平台上,完成板材的最终定位安装。安装操作机械手不一定有很大的运动空间,但是具有足够的承载能力和强度,并且自身重量尽量轻。该安装机械手包括三自由度并联转动平台模块8,安装在三自由度并联转动平台模块8上方的三自由度串联移动模块5和与三自由度串联移动模块5连接的末端执行器模块6。The installation operation module of the present invention is mainly composed of a six-degree-of-freedom installation manipulator (referred to as the installation manipulator), which is mounted on the lifting platform of the electric forklift 1 to complete the final positioning and installation of the plate. The installation and operation of the manipulator does not necessarily have a large space for movement, but it has sufficient carrying capacity and strength, and its own weight is as light as possible. The installation manipulator includes a three-degree-of-freedom parallel rotating platform module 8 , a three-degree-of-freedom serial moving module 5 installed above the three-degree-of-freedom parallel rotating platform module 8 and an end effector module 6 connected to the three-degree-of-freedom serial moving module 5 .

本发明中所述的三自由度并联转动平台模块8(参见图4),包括作为基座的静平台801和动平台807;静平台801的中心设置约束支链的固定支撑杆804,动平台807的中心通过中心球铰809与固定支撑杆804相连接,形成约束支链;静平台801上安装有三个虎克铰,即第一虎克铰802、第二虎克铰812和第三虎克铰813,三个虎克铰分别安装于以固定支撑杆104为形心的等边三角形的三个顶点处,且其中的一个虎克铰(实施例为第三虎克铰813)位于固定支撑杆804的-Y方向;动平台807上安装有三个球铰,即第一球铰806、第二球铰808和第三球铰805,三个球铰分别安装于以约束支链为形心的等边三角形的三个顶点处,且其中的一个球铰(实施例为第一球铰806)位于约束支链的+Y方向。静平台801上的三个虎克铰(即第一虎克铰802、第二虎克铰812和第三虎克铰813)与动平台807上的三个球铰(即第一球铰806、第二球铰805和第三球铰808)之间安装位置相互对应,且三个虎克铰与三个球铰之间分别对应连接有三根可以伸缩的电动推杆,即第一虎克铰802与第一球铰806之间连接有第一电动推杆803,第二虎克铰812与第二球铰808之间连接有第二电动推杆811,第三虎克铰813与第三球铰805之间连接有第三电动推杆810,所述的球铰、虎克铰和电动推杆构成动平台807的转动支链,三根电动推杆的伸缩运动可驱使动平台807在三个自由度上转动。简单说,所述模块1采用了现有技术的3-UPS/S结构,包含一个约束支链和三个转动支链,可有效增加机械手的承载能力,简化并联解耦运算,并且有利于计算机械手的整体工作范围。The three-degree-of-freedom parallel rotating platform module 8 described in the present invention (referring to Fig. 4) comprises static platform 801 and dynamic platform 807 as base; The center of 807 is connected with the fixed support rod 804 through the central spherical hinge 809 to form a constrained branch chain; three Hooke hinges are installed on the static platform 801, namely the first Hooke hinge 802, the second Hooke hinge 812 and the third Hooke hinge. Three Hooke hinges 813, three Hooke hinges are respectively installed at the three vertices of an equilateral triangle with the fixed support rod 104 as the centroid, and one of the Hooke hinges (the embodiment is the third Hooke hinge 813) is located at the fixed The -Y direction of the support rod 804; three spherical joints are installed on the moving platform 807, that is, the first spherical joint 806, the second spherical joint 808 and the third spherical joint 805, and the three spherical joints are respectively installed on At the three vertices of the equilateral triangle of the center, and one of the spherical joints (the embodiment is the first spherical joint 806 ) is located in the +Y direction of the constraint branch. The three Hooke hinges on the static platform 801 (i.e. the first Hooke hinge 802, the second Hooke hinge 812 and the third Hooke hinge 813) and the three spherical hinges on the moving platform 807 (i.e. the first spherical hinge 806 , the second ball joint 805 and the third ball joint 808) correspond to each other, and three telescopic electric push rods are respectively connected between the three Hooke hinges and the three ball joints, that is, the first Hooke A first electric push rod 803 is connected between the hinge 802 and the first ball joint 806, a second electric push rod 811 is connected between the second Hooke hinge 812 and the second ball joint 808, and the third Hooke hinge 813 is connected to the second ball joint 808. A third electric push rod 810 is connected between the three ball hinges 805. The spherical hinge, the Hooke hinge and the electric push rod constitute the rotating branch chain of the moving platform 807. The telescopic movement of the three electric push rods can drive the moving platform 807 to rotation in three degrees of freedom. To put it simply, the module 1 adopts the 3-UPS/S structure of the prior art, including a constraining branch chain and three rotating branch chains, which can effectively increase the carrying capacity of the manipulator, simplify parallel decoupling operations, and facilitate calculation The overall working range of the manipulator.

本发明所述的三自由度移动模块5包括Y轴、Z轴两个移动副和一个X轴转动副(参见图1、5)。Y轴移动副的左直线导轨501、右直线导轨516、Y轴丝杠517和Y轴伺服电机518直接安装在所述的动平台807上,以节省安装空间。Y轴滑台502由Y轴伺服电机518通过Y轴丝杠517驱动,沿左、右直线导轨501、516移动。为了提高X轴的承载能力,本发明的X轴转动副采用了平行四边形的四杆机构:两个等长平行的左转动杆504和右转动杆513的下端分别通过左转动轴503和右转动轴515与Y轴的滑台502相连接,左转动杆504和右转动杆513的上端分别与平动杆506的两端机械连接。电动推杆(缸)514的两端分别与所述的右转动杆513和Y轴滑台502机械连接。电动推杆514是所述四杆机构的驱动部件。电动推杆(缸)514的长度变化使平动杆506产生沿圆弧轨迹的平动。Z轴移动副的基板512安装在平动杆506的工作一端(实施例为右端或前端)。Z轴伺服电机508、直线导轨511和Z轴丝杠510分别安装在Z轴基板512上。Z轴滑台509由Z轴伺服电机508通过Z轴丝杠510驱动,沿直线导轨511移动,实现垂直于动平台807平面方向的运动。本发明模块5可实现大型板材在X轴、Y轴和Z轴三个方向上的准确定位。所设计的平行四边形的四杆机构可节省运动空间,并可将安装在它上面的末端执行器6位置提高,有利于干挂工艺的操作。The three-degree-of-freedom moving module 5 of the present invention includes two moving pairs of the Y-axis and the Z-axis and one rotating pair of the X-axis (see FIGS. 1 and 5 ). The left linear guide rail 501, the right linear guide rail 516, the Y-axis lead screw 517 and the Y-axis servo motor 518 of the Y-axis moving pair are directly installed on the moving platform 807 to save installation space. The Y-axis sliding table 502 is driven by a Y-axis servo motor 518 through a Y-axis screw 517 and moves along the left and right linear guide rails 501 and 516 . In order to improve the bearing capacity of the X-axis, the X-axis revolving pair of the present invention adopts a parallelogram four-bar mechanism: the lower ends of the two equal-length parallel left turning rods 504 and the right turning rods 513 respectively pass through the left turning shaft 503 The right rotating shaft 515 is connected with the slide table 502 of the Y axis, and the upper ends of the left rotating rod 504 and the right rotating rod 513 are mechanically connected with the two ends of the translation rod 506 respectively. The two ends of the electric push rod (cylinder) 514 are mechanically connected with the said right turning rod 513 and the Y-axis sliding table 502 respectively. The electric push rod 514 is the driving part of the four-bar mechanism. The length change of the electric push rod (cylinder) 514 makes the translation rod 506 produce translation along the arc track. The base plate 512 of the Z-axis moving pair is installed on the working end of the translation rod 506 (the embodiment is the right end or the front end). The Z-axis servo motor 508 , the linear guide rail 511 and the Z-axis screw 510 are installed on the Z-axis base plate 512 respectively. The Z-axis sliding table 509 is driven by the Z-axis servo motor 508 through the Z-axis lead screw 510 and moves along the linear guide rail 511 to realize the movement perpendicular to the plane direction of the moving platform 807 . The module 5 of the present invention can realize accurate positioning of large plates in the three directions of the X axis, the Y axis and the Z axis. The designed parallelogram four-bar mechanism can save movement space, and can raise the position of the end effector 6 installed on it, which is beneficial to the operation of the dry hanging process.

本发明所述的末端执行器6(参见图6)主要包括固定在移动模块5的Z轴滑台509上的吸盘架601和在吸盘架601的四角均布安装的四个真空吸盘,即上左真空吸盘602、上右真空吸盘603、下左真空吸盘604和下右真空吸盘605。真空吸盘技术本身为现有技术,用来吸取待安装的板材。实施例设计的真空吸盘可以吸附重达50kg的大型板材。The end effector 6 according to the present invention (see FIG. 6 ) mainly includes a suction cup holder 601 fixed on the Z-axis sliding table 509 of the mobile module 5 and four vacuum suction cups evenly distributed on the four corners of the suction cup holder 601, namely, the upper Left vacuum chuck 602 , upper right vacuum chuck 603 , lower left vacuum chuck 604 and lower right vacuum chuck 605 . Vacuum suction cup technology itself is an existing technology and is used to pick up the panels to be installed. The vacuum suction cup designed in the embodiment can absorb large boards weighing up to 50kg.

此外,本发明还设计了辅助定位支撑架7(参见图1、7),用来进一步保证吸取板材时,板材的竖直轴线与Z轴方向良好重合或平行。辅助定位支撑架7包括H形的支撑架701,支撑架701垂直安装于Y轴滑台502的工作一(前)端上,支撑架701的两侧立柱上分别设置有起定位作用的左挡块702和右挡块703,且左挡块702和右挡块703安装位置或高度一致。在机械手吸取板材过程中,只要使板材的下边缘与支撑架701上的左挡块702和右挡块703相接触,即可满足板材吸取时的姿态要求。In addition, the present invention also designs an auxiliary positioning support frame 7 (see FIGS. 1 and 7 ), which is used to further ensure that the vertical axis of the plate coincides with or is parallel to the Z-axis direction when the plate is picked up. Auxiliary positioning support frame 7 comprises H-shaped support frame 701, and support frame 701 is vertically installed on the work one (front) end of Y-axis slide table 502, and the left block that plays positioning effect is respectively arranged on the column on both sides of support frame 701 Block 702 and right block 703, and left block 702 and right block 703 are installed in the same position or height. During the process of picking up the plate by the manipulator, as long as the lower edge of the plate is in contact with the left stopper 702 and the right stopper 703 on the support frame 701, the posture requirements when the plate is picked up can be met.

为了防止或减少安装机械手在电动叉车1上的晃动,本发明进一步特征是还设计有扶墙机构9(参见图1、8)。扶墙机构9有两套,安装在所述静平台801上,左、右对称各设置一套;扶墙机构9包括基座908、安装在基座908上的扶墙电动推杆902,扶墙电动推杆902与伺服电机907连接;扶墙电动推杆902两侧安装有光轴901,扶墙电动推杆902通过连接板906的一面与两个光轴901相连接,光轴901与连接板906之间安装有线性轴承903;扶墙电动推杆902伸缩时,可带动光轴901沿线性轴承903移动;在连接板906的另一面连接有扶墙吸盘905,且在连接板906与扶墙吸盘905的连接机构上对称设置有两个行程开关904,以对扶墙电动推杆902的伸缩长度进行控制。工作时,扶墙吸盘905可吸附在工作墙面上,可有效防止或减少安装机械手在电动叉车1上的晃动。In order to prevent or reduce the shaking of the installation manipulator on the electric forklift 1, a further feature of the present invention is to also design a supporting wall mechanism 9 (see Fig. 1, 8). There are two sets of supporting wall mechanism 9, which are installed on the static platform 801, and one set is respectively arranged in left and right symmetry; The wall electric push rod 902 is connected with the servo motor 907; the two sides of the supporting wall electric pushing rod 902 are equipped with optical axes 901, and the supporting wall electric pushing rod 902 is connected with two optical axes 901 through one side of the connecting plate 906, and the optical axis 901 and A linear bearing 903 is installed between the connecting plates 906; when the buttress electric push rod 902 stretches, it can drive the optical axis 901 to move along the linear bearing 903; Two travel switches 904 are symmetrically arranged on the connection mechanism with the buttress suction cup 905 to control the telescopic length of the buttress electric push rod 902 . During work, the supporting wall suction cup 905 can be adsorbed on the working wall, which can effectively prevent or reduce the shaking of the installation manipulator on the electric forklift 1 .

所述的视觉导引安装定位系统模块包括摄像机、激光测距传感器、倾角传感器、图像采集软件和图像处理软件。所述摄像机3安装在所述平动杆506上。所述激光测距传感器安装在动平台807下面的两侧,包括左激光测距传感器815和右激光测距传感器816,用来测量动平台807与墙面的夹角。所述倾角传感器814安装在动平台807下面的中间位置,且安装位置与动平台807的表面平行,用来测量动平台807与水平面的夹角。视觉导引安装定位系统采用现有技术,在板材安装过程中完成安装位置的导引、定位和姿态校正,实现板材安装槽与挂件的良好结合,并对板材安装后的安装质量进行即时检测评估。The vision-guided installation and positioning system module includes a camera, a laser ranging sensor, an inclination sensor, image acquisition software and image processing software. The camera 3 is installed on the translation rod 506 . The laser ranging sensor is installed on both sides below the moving platform 807, including a left laser ranging sensor 815 and a right laser ranging sensor 816, which are used to measure the angle between the moving platform 807 and the wall. The inclination sensor 814 is installed at the middle position below the moving platform 807, and the installation position is parallel to the surface of the moving platform 807, and is used to measure the angle between the moving platform 807 and the horizontal plane. The vision-guided installation and positioning system adopts the existing technology to complete the guidance, positioning and attitude correction of the installation position during the panel installation process, realize the good combination of the panel installation groove and the pendant, and conduct real-time detection and evaluation of the installation quality of the panel after installation .

所述的运动控制系统模块系现有技术,包括工业控制计算机、运动控制卡、信号采集卡和伺服驱动单元。安装过程中,通过传感器检测地面倾角、移动本体与待安装墙面的夹角,通过运动方程的解算,操作决策及电动和气动的混合驱动,实现转动平台807的姿态控制,使待安装板材与墙面平行并与水平面垂直;安装机器手的姿态确定后,根据视觉传感器(摄像机3)和其他传感器采集的信息对待安装板材的位置进行伺服控制,完成板材的抓(吸)取、移动、精确定位与安装。运动控制系统模块对移动本体和板材安装机械手以及辅助机构等的运动控制,既可直接操作,也可遥控操作,方便实际工作。The motion control system module is the prior art, including an industrial control computer, a motion control card, a signal acquisition card and a servo drive unit. During the installation process, the sensor detects the inclination angle of the ground, the angle between the mobile body and the wall to be installed, and through the solution of the equation of motion, operation decision-making and hybrid drive of electric and pneumatic, the attitude control of the rotating platform 807 is realized, so that the panels to be installed Parallel to the wall and perpendicular to the horizontal plane; after the posture of the installation manipulator is determined, the position of the plate to be installed is servo-controlled according to the information collected by the visual sensor (camera 3) and other sensors, and the plate is grasped (suction), moved, Precise positioning and installation. The motion control system module can control the motion of the mobile body, plate installation manipulator and auxiliary mechanism, etc., which can be operated directly or remotely, which is convenient for actual work.

需要说明的是,本发明所述的“上、下”、“前、后”、“左、右”等零部件的安装方位词是依据操作工位或实施例图示而言,只具有相对性,或者仅是为了叙述方便,不代表该安装位置的唯一性。本发明安装机器人的实施例完全可以根据需要做非本质的适当地调整和变化。It should be noted that the installation orientation words of "up, down", "front, back", "left, right" and other parts in the present invention are based on the operating station or the illustration of the embodiment, and only have relative or just for the convenience of description, it does not represent the uniqueness of the installation location. The embodiment of the installation robot of the present invention can be properly adjusted and changed without essentials.

本发明未述及之处适用于现有技术。What is not mentioned in the present invention is applicable to the prior art.

本发明安装机器人的工作方式与步骤如下:本发明安装机器人需要两名操作人员,一名为移动本体即电动叉车的操作人员(简称操作者A),另一名为安装机器手的操作人员(简称操作者B)。工作时,安装机器人在操作者A的操作控制下,在室内建筑环境中行走,移动至待安装的板材放置位置(原料放置位置),进行板材的吸取。吸取板材时,保证板材的下边缘与左挡块702和右挡块703相接触,以保证板材定位的初始姿态。再由操作者A控制机器人移动至板材的安装位置(工作面)。在吸附板材行走过程中,由超声测距传感器104实时监测外部环境,避免发生碰撞事故。到达板材安装位置后,由操作者B启动安装程序,工业控制计算机控制门架103前移,叉腿101起升、侧移,进行安装操作装置的粗定位;当粗定位完成后,扶墙机构9中的扶墙电动推杆902带动两侧的光轴901向前伸出,当行程开关904碰到墙面时,扶墙电动推杆902停止运动。直至两个行程开关904都碰到墙面,即扶墙吸盘905都与墙面接触时,开始抽真空,使扶墙吸盘905吸附于墙面,以防止机械手晃动。The working mode and steps of the installation robot of the present invention are as follows: the installation robot of the present invention needs two operators, one is the operator of the mobile body, that is, the electric forklift (operator A for short), and the other is the operator of the installation robot ( Referred to as operator B). When working, the installation robot walks in the indoor construction environment under the operation and control of operator A, moves to the placement position of the board to be installed (the raw material placement position), and sucks the board. When absorbing the sheet material, ensure that the lower edge of the sheet material is in contact with the left stopper 702 and the right stopper 703, so as to ensure the initial attitude of the sheet material positioning. Then the operator A controls the robot to move to the installation position (working surface) of the plate. During the walking process of the adsorption plate, the external environment is monitored in real time by the ultrasonic ranging sensor 104 to avoid collision accidents. After arriving at the plate installation position, the operator B starts the installation program, the industrial control computer controls the door frame 103 to move forward, the fork legs 101 are lifted and moved sideways, and the rough positioning of the installation and operation device is performed; when the rough positioning is completed, the supporting wall mechanism The supporting wall electric push rod 902 in 9 drives the optical axes 901 on both sides to extend forward, and when the travel switch 904 hits the wall, the supporting wall electric pushing rod 902 stops moving. Until the two travel switches 904 all hit the wall, that is, when the supporting wall suction cups 905 are in contact with the wall, start vacuuming, so that the supporting wall suction cups 905 are adsorbed on the wall to prevent the manipulator from shaking.

接下来就要完成板材安装的精确定位:其主要包括姿态调整和位置定位。姿态的调整过程为:由左、右测距传感器815、816和倾角传感器814测得并联平台的动平台807的当前姿态,并根据目标姿态计算出并联平台中三个电动推杆803、810、811伸缩的长度。工业计算机控制三个电动推杆803、810、811伸缩相应的长度,完成安装机械手姿态的调整。姿态调整完成后,再进行位置的精确定位调整。通过摄像机3采集板材当前的图像,并经图像处理软件分析得到板材当前的位置。工控机根据当前板材的位置,控制X、Y、Z轴进行相应的运动,使挂件进入板材底部的凹槽内,完成板材的稳定安装。The next step is to complete the precise positioning of the plate installation: it mainly includes attitude adjustment and position positioning. The attitude adjustment process is: the current attitude of the moving platform 807 of the parallel platform is measured by the left and right ranging sensors 815, 816 and the inclination sensor 814, and the three electric push rods 803, 810, 811 telescoping lengths. The industrial computer controls the corresponding lengths of the three electric push rods 803, 810, 811 to expand and contract to complete the adjustment of the attitude of the installation manipulator. After the attitude adjustment is completed, the precise positioning adjustment of the position is carried out. The current image of the plate is collected by the camera 3, and the current position of the plate is obtained by analyzing the image processing software. According to the current position of the board, the industrial computer controls the X, Y, and Z axes to perform corresponding movements, so that the pendant enters the groove at the bottom of the board to complete the stable installation of the board.

安装完成后,由所述的摄像机3即时检测板材的安装质量。若不合格,由操作者B通过控制手柄4进行相应手动调整,直至满足质量要求。当操作者B给出安装完成的命令后,操作者A控制安装机器人退离工作面,恢复原位,完成一个作业循环。然后准备或直接启动下一个作业循环。After the installation is completed, the installation quality of the board is detected instantly by the camera 3 . If it is unqualified, the operator B will make corresponding manual adjustments through the control handle 4 until the quality requirements are met. When operator B gives the command to complete the installation, operator A controls the installation robot to retreat from the working surface and return to its original position to complete a working cycle. Then prepare or directly start the next job cycle.

Claims (3)

1.一种板材干挂工艺安装机器人,其特征在于该安装机器人采用模块化结构,包括移动本体模块、安装操作模块、视觉导引安装定位系统模块和运动控制系统模块;1. A panel dry-hanging process installation robot is characterized in that the installation robot adopts a modular structure, including a mobile body module, an installation operation module, a visual guidance installation positioning system module and a motion control system module; 所述的移动本体模块主要包括电动叉车、自动控制装置和在电动叉车车体周围的下部安装的3-5个超声测距传感器;所述自动控制装置安装在电动叉车的手动控制台上,通过三条同步带牵引叉车手动控制手柄前后移动;同步带一端的同步带轮可以自由转动,另一端的同步带轮分别由对应的电磁离合器与步进电机控制;The mobile body module mainly includes an electric forklift, an automatic control device and 3-5 ultrasonic distance measuring sensors installed on the lower part around the electric forklift body; the automatic control device is installed on the manual console of the electric forklift, through Three synchronous belts pull the forklift manual control handle to move back and forth; the synchronous pulley at one end of the synchronous belt can rotate freely, and the synchronous pulley at the other end is controlled by the corresponding electromagnetic clutch and stepping motor; 所述的安装操作模块主要由六自由度安装机械手构成,该安装机械手搭载在电动叉车的提升平台上,该安装机械手包括三自由度并联转动平台模块,安装在三自由度并联转动平台模块上方的三自由度串联移动模块和与三自由度串联移动模块连接的末端执行器模块;所述三自由度并联转动平台模块包括静平台和动平台,静平台的中心与动平台的中心设置约束支链,约束支链包括机械连接的固定支撑杆和中心球铰,固定支撑杆与静平台的中心连接,中心球铰与动平台的中心连接;在静平台上以约束支链为形心的等边三角形的三个顶点处分别安装有虎克铰,且其中的一个虎克铰位于约束支链的-Y方向;在动平台上以约束支链为形心的等边三角形的三个顶点处分别安装有球铰,且其中的一个球铰位于约束支链的+Y方向;三个虎克铰与三个球铰之间分别对应连接有可以伸缩的电动推杆,构成三个转动支链;所述的三自由度串联移动模块包括Y轴、Z轴两个移动副和一个X轴转动副;Y轴移动副的直线导轨、Y轴丝杠和Y轴伺服电机直接安装在所述的动平台上;Y轴滑台由Y轴伺服电机通过Y轴丝杠驱动;X轴转动副采用平行四边形的四杆机构:两个等长平行的转动杆的下端分别通过转动轴与Y轴的滑台相连接,转动杆的上端分别与平动杆的两端机械连接;电动推杆的两端分别与一个转动杆和Y轴滑台机械连接,构成四杆机构的驱动部件;Z轴移动副的基板装在平动杆的工作一端,Z轴伺服电机、直线导轨和Z轴丝杠分别安装在Z轴基板上,Z轴滑台由Z轴伺服电机通过Z轴丝杠驱动,沿垂直于动平台平面的方向运动;所述的末端执行器模块包括固定在Z轴滑台上的吸盘架和在吸盘架四角均布安装的四个真空吸盘;The installation operation module is mainly composed of a six-degree-of-freedom installation manipulator, which is mounted on the lifting platform of the electric forklift. The three-degree-of-freedom series mobile module and the end effector module connected with the three-degree-of-freedom series mobile module; the three-degree-of-freedom parallel rotating platform module includes a static platform and a dynamic platform, and the center of the static platform and the center of the dynamic platform are provided with a constraint branch chain , the constraint branch chain includes a fixed support rod and a central spherical hinge mechanically connected, the fixed support rod is connected to the center of the static platform, and the central spherical hinge is connected to the center of the moving platform; Hooke hinges are respectively installed at the three vertices of the triangle, and one of the Hooke hinges is located in the -Y direction of the restraint branch chain; Spherical hinges are installed, and one of them is located in the +Y direction of the constraining branch chain; the three Hooke hinges and the three spherical hinges are respectively connected with telescopic electric push rods to form three rotating branch chains; The three-degree-of-freedom serial movement module includes two moving pairs of the Y-axis and the Z-axis and one X-axis rotating pair; the linear guide rail of the Y-axis moving pair, the Y-axis screw and the Y-axis servo motor are directly installed on the moving pair. On the platform; the Y-axis sliding table is driven by the Y-axis servo motor through the Y-axis screw; the X-axis rotating pair adopts a parallelogram four-bar mechanism: the lower ends of two equal-length and parallel rotating rods pass through the rotating shaft and the Y-axis respectively. The upper end of the rotating rod is mechanically connected with the two ends of the translation rod; the two ends of the electric push rod are respectively connected mechanically with a rotating rod and the Y-axis sliding table, which constitutes the driving part of the four-bar mechanism; the Z-axis moving pair The base plate is installed on the working end of the translation rod. The Z-axis servo motor, linear guide rail and Z-axis screw are respectively installed on the Z-axis base plate. The Z-axis slide is driven by the Z-axis servo motor through the Z-axis screw. direction movement of the moving platform plane; the end effector module includes a suction cup frame fixed on the Z-axis slide table and four vacuum suction cups evenly distributed at the four corners of the suction cup frame; 所述的视觉导引安装定位系统模块包括摄像机、激光测距传感器、倾角传感器、图像采集软件和图像处理软件;所述摄像机安装在所述的平动杆上;所述激光测距传感器安装在动平台下面的两侧;所述倾角传感器安装在动平台下面的中间位置,且与动平台表面平行;The vision guidance installation positioning system module includes a camera, a laser ranging sensor, an inclination sensor, image acquisition software and image processing software; the camera is installed on the translation bar; the laser ranging sensor is installed on the The two sides below the moving platform; the inclination sensor is installed in the middle position below the moving platform, and is parallel to the surface of the moving platform; 所述的运动控制系统模块包括工业控制计算机、运动控制卡、信号采集卡和伺服驱动单元。The motion control system module includes an industrial control computer, a motion control card, a signal acquisition card and a servo drive unit. 2.根据权利要求1所述的板材干挂工艺安装机器人,其特征在于所述安装机械手还包括辅助定位支撑架,辅助定位支撑架包括H形的支撑架,支撑架垂直安装于Y轴滑台的工作一端上,支撑架的两侧立柱上分别设置有起定位作用的挡块,且两个挡块的安装位置一致。2. The panel dry-hanging process installation robot according to claim 1, wherein the installation manipulator also includes an auxiliary positioning support frame, the auxiliary positioning support frame includes an H-shaped support frame, and the support frame is vertically installed on the Y-axis slide table On the working end of the support frame, stoppers for positioning are respectively arranged on the columns on both sides of the support frame, and the installation positions of the two stoppers are consistent. 3.根据权利要求1所述的板材干挂工艺安装机器人,其特征在于所述安装机器人还设计有扶墙机构;扶墙机构包括两套,左、右对称安装在所述静平台上;扶墙电动推杆通过连接板的一面与两个光轴相连,扶墙电动推杆伸缩时,可带动光轴沿线性轴承移动;在连接板的另一面连接有扶墙吸盘,且在连接板与扶墙吸盘的连接机构上对称设置有两个行程开关。3. The panel dry-hanging process installation robot according to claim 1, characterized in that the installation robot is also designed with a supporting wall mechanism; the supporting wall mechanism includes two sets, left and right symmetrically installed on the static platform; The wall electric push rod is connected with two optical axes through one side of the connecting plate. When the supporting wall electric push rod is stretched, it can drive the optical axis to move along the linear bearing; Two stroke switches are arranged symmetrically on the connection mechanism of the buttress suction cup.
CN2009100707416A 2009-10-09 2009-10-09 Plate dry-hanging and mounting robot Expired - Fee Related CN101691808B (en)

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