CN101688638B - 罐结构 - Google Patents

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CN101688638B
CN101688638B CN2008800055384A CN200880005538A CN101688638B CN 101688638 B CN101688638 B CN 101688638B CN 2008800055384 A CN2008800055384 A CN 2008800055384A CN 200880005538 A CN200880005538 A CN 200880005538A CN 101688638 B CN101688638 B CN 101688638B
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beam parts
jar
link
girder
parts
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CN101688638A (zh
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A·塞勒
K·巴肯
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Aker Solutions AS
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    • B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
    • B65D90/02—Wall construction
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    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
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    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

一种双层封闭等截面罐体，具有外壁和内壁(1、2)，由在彼此上部堆叠的H形梁部件组成，并沿它们的纵向凸缘的边缘连接，在它们的接头(5)邻接端面。在接头区域，内撑条(受拉梁)(3)连接到所述内壁(2)上，以改善所述罐体的结构性能。所述撑条(3)通过托架(6)连接到所述内壁(2)上，所述托架以一平滑和渐缩方式延伸到所述接头(5)区域的侧面。在接头(5)处，所述横梁(4)的外、内凸缘(7、8)通过焊点(10)相连。然而，所述横梁(4)的桁材(9)在接头处没有焊合，取而代之成凹置的并以平滑曲线终止，以形成一开口(11)，这样将避免不是基底金属的所述外壁和内壁(7、8)之间的任何接触，从而避免了来自所述内壁(2)到外壁(1)的疲劳裂纹扩张的风险。所述梁部件(4)的内凸缘(8)具有一肋(12)，其作为所述凸缘(7、8)之间的桁材(9)的外部延伸。所述托架(6)通过一焊接点(13)附着于所述肋(12)，并且穿过所述托架(6)和凸缘(12)形成一第二孔(14)，其邻接于所述内凸缘(8)之间的内部焊接点(10)，以避免这一区域的应力集中和裂纹扩张。

Description

罐结构
技术领域
本发明涉及一种罐，用于储运诸如碳氢化合物等流体，包括低温液化天然气。这里包括了船用、重力基座用和在近海结构漂浮用以及陆基安装用的罐体。 
背景技术
罐体可以被设计成很多不同的结构，通常诸如球体、圆筒、锥形筒和壳形，以及等截面形等。等截面形的优点在于它们能相互彼此套入，从而最小化这样的罐体占据的体积。由于依赖于弯曲动作以运用强度，简单的等截面罐体在结构上还远不是有效的。通过轴向拉伸所述壳的平面，壳体增强了强度。这一增强增大了相同数量材料的强度。 
一种更有效的等截面形状设计，是合并内撑条(受拉梁)。通过保持内载荷或压力的主要部件形成的张力，这样的等截面固有的罐体可与壳形的结构性能相比较。WO 2006/001711A2公开了这种罐体，通过参考在此结合。 
除了具有阻止变形的足够强度，所述罐体结构必须同样被设计成能够防止由于疲劳产生的裂纹扩张。基于这种结构在焊接点位置的裂纹扩张的原则，与基底金属相反的位置的裂纹扩张将发展缓慢甚至被阻止。 
发明目的 
本发明的目的是设计一种双层板罐体，以使所述两层板之间的连接部件是没有局部应力提升的基底金属，以保证疲劳裂纹不会从一个液体层板扩张到另一个。 
发明内容
本发明的目的是获得一种等截面罐体，具有外壁、内壁和内部水平撑条，所述撑条抑制该罐容纳的流体施加到所述壁上的作用力，所述壁由水平梁部件组成，所述水平梁部件具有由桁材相互连接的两个平行凸缘，所述梁部件一个叠加到另一个的顶部，并沿它们邻接的凸缘的纵向边缘连接在一起，在它们的端面邻接梁部件的其它端面或连接件，其特征在于，邻接另一梁部件或连接件的梁部件的桁材的端面是凹置的，使得在所述端面和邻接梁部件或连接件之间 形成第一开口。 
所述罐体的优选实施例由以下进行限定，例如： 
其中所述第一开口具有一圆形轮廓。 
其中至少多个所述撑条在所述邻接梁部件之间的接头所在的位置上，通过至少一个延伸到所述接头侧面处的托架被连接到相应内壁。 
其中在托架邻接所述接头处形成第二出口。 
其中至少一些所述梁部件具有肋，设置成作为它们的桁材的外部延伸，所述托架连接到所述肋，且所述第二出口延伸进入所述肋。 
所述撑条在距内壁一距离处连接到所述至少一个托架上，所述连接优选地包括预应力螺栓。 
其中至少一些所述梁部件的所述桁材相对于所述梁部件的凸缘的纵向边缘偏心地定位，优选地当受到来自所述罐容纳的流体的流体静压时靠近所述内凸缘的拐点。 
其中I形梁部件在要相连的梁部件的端面之间形成连接件。 
其中当允许梁部件的连接到其上的桁材具有间断时，所述罐的拐角处包含传递力和弯矩的连接件。 
其中所述连接件包含直角三角形的中空部分和自所述三角形的短边末端垂直延伸的平行支柱。 
其中所述连接件由两个对称件在所述三角形的顶点和底边的中间处焊合而成。 
其中梁都件在拐角处以一斜角相连接，所述连接件为所述梁部件的凸缘焊接到其上的平板，所述梁部件的桁材被凹置远离所述平板。 
用于连接连续的梁部件形成罐壁的更常用的方法为，放置接头到接近于拐点的所述横梁之间，，在该拐点凸缘上的轴向应力为零，且剪切载荷是适度的。然而，本发明中在所述梁部件之间的接头被设置在所述内撑条的连结点上。在所述横梁接头中，只有所述横梁的凸缘相互连接，没有连接桁材。取而代之，所述桁材被凹置成一平滑曲线，从而所述凹置桁材的末端面形成一具有圆形轮廓的开口。这样，在所述桁材的末端面之间将没有焊接点或其它连接，从而避免应力集中和由于材料改变敏感引起的疲劳裂纹扩张。由所述开口引起的抗剪强度的降低，可以由设置于所述罐体内壁，大致位于所述桁材的平面内的坚固托架来抵消。这些托架可以适当地被构造附加在所述罐体的内撑条到双层壁上。 
附图说明
本发明更多的细节将参照附图中示意的例证性实施例进行描述，其中： 
图1显示了一种移去了顶部的等截面双壁罐体的俯视图； 
图2显示了沿图1中II-II向的截面图； 
图3显示了图1中标记III部分的放大比例的细节图； 
图4显示了沿图3中IV-IV向的放大比例的截面图； 
图5显示了图2左下角两个梁部件被接合成一个连接件之前的端视图； 
图6显示了图5中的梁部件连接在一起后的端视图； 
图7示意性地显示了图6中的连接件在该罐体的一层壁及其顶部之间形成一拐角；以及 
图8示意性地显示了该罐体两壁之间拐角的成形方式。 
具体实施方式
图1显示了一种双层容器的俯视图，该双层容器具有外壁1、内壁2和内撑条3，该内撑条连接起了该罐体相对的壁。该罐体壁通过将具有H状交叉部分的水平梁部件4焊接在一起形成，该梁部件5被一个层叠到另一个上面，并沿它们邻接的纵向边缘接合，它们的端面邻接其它梁部件4的端面或连接件，如图1中的图标5所示。撑条3通过托架6定位连接到相应的壁的接头5上。能被理解，当遭受来自罐体承载的液体的内部压力时，撑条3基本上减少了罐体壁的膨胀。另外，当该罐体是一个船上的经常在路程中发生滚动和倾斜的载油舱时，撑条3实际上形成了穿孔的“隔板”，减少了搬运过程中液体的晃动。 
图2显示了图1中穿过罐体的底部和侧壁部分的截面图。图2显示了H形梁部件4是如何被一个层叠到另一个的顶部上的，它们的平行凸缘7、8形成了该双壁罐体的外壁和内壁1、2。梁部件的凸缘7、8通过一水平桁材9相连，在图4中更为清楚地显示。托架6连接撑条3到内壁2中，对准桁材9以便形成 罐体内侧的桁材延伸段，以传递来自相应的撑条3的拉伸载荷到所述梁部件4的区域上，这一区域可以承受这样的载荷。 
图3显示了图1中圆圈标记III中的放大图。这一平面图显示了两个梁部件4通过焊接点10焊合了它们的外、内凸缘7、8。在这一区域内，梁部件的桁材9已经被凹置以便形成一具有平滑且圆形轮廓的第一开口11。这样，在接头5区域内，就不会有在凸缘7、8之间延伸的焊接点。 
图3同样显示了设置有纵肋12(在图4中更好地显示)的梁部件4，纵肋位于作为桁材9的延伸段的内凸缘8上。板6被焊接在13到肋12上，并以一平滑渐细的方式延伸，在该接头5区域的每侧上各形成一牢固的间距。托架6将因此保证不连续的桁材9在接头5区域不削弱该接头的强度。该托架6的形状也可以确保当来自撑条3的周期性负载被传递时，在其自由边缘不会出现裂缝。同样，为避免内部焊接点10的区域内裂缝的形成和扩张，在与这一焊接点邻接的肋12和托架6内构造一第二出口14。 
托架6优选地在撑条3附于托架之前焊接到肋12上。此外，从生产工艺角度的便利来看，托架6可以分成两个对称件，在梁部件被相连到接头5之前，每一个均被焊接到相应的梁部件4上，因此该托架部分在附着于撑条3上之前就被焊合。撑条可以通过部件(未示出)附着于托架6上，例如用在所述撑条的桁村15的两个边上。这将引起撑条3和托架6之间的作用力，主要为在托架6和撑条3的相应凸缘16之间的接触区域所产生的摩擦力(图2显示了该撑条3是I形梁)。 
图4显示了图3中沿IV-IV向的放大截面图。这一视图可以同样作为图2中罐体的上左手拐角处的放大图。 
该图显示了两个梁部件4通过焊接点17沿邻接的外、内凸缘7、8的纵向边缘接合。在凸缘7、8之间延伸的桁材9将被识别，并且开口11在桁材内形成。在内凸缘8的内侧，所述肋12将被视为相应的桁材9的延伸段，也被视为在肋12和相应的托架6之间的焊接点13。此外，同样显示了第二开口14。 
图4进一步的显示了撑条3的末端通过螺栓固定在两个托架6之间，此处仅仅指示了螺栓的中线。注意到撑条3终止在离内凸缘8的一段距离内，大约是肋12宽度的5倍，第二开口14的半径大约等于该肋的宽度。这样，该开口14同样避免了焊接点13处的应力集中。 
图4显示了取自一种现有的约30米高的液化天然气船用罐体各种部件的相 对尺寸。所述梁部件4和撑条3的凸缘、桁材和肋的厚度是10-12毫米，所述凸缘7、8的宽度是400毫米，它们之间的跨度是270毫米。所述桁材偏心地位于所述凸缘7、8的边缘之间，所述桁材9到最近的凸缘边缘的较短距离是约到另一个凸缘边缘较长距离的一半。这样，当它受到来自所述船送液体的流体静压时，将所述焊接点17设置在靠近内壁2中的一拐点处。根据这一观点，所述凸缘的偏心度可能为更大，但是所述桁材9和焊接点17之间的较短距离已经用这样的方式选择，以便提供足够的空间用于执行焊接点17，优选地通过搅拌摩擦焊接(friction stir welding)的方式。 
根据本发明的目的，避免应力集中和罐体拐角处的疲劳裂纹扩张是同样重要的。所述梁部件的凸缘和桁材处的一简单斜角接头被焊合，会因此不令人满意。因此，本发明建议采用用于这样目的的专用连接材或横梁。图5显示了两个相同的梁部件18设置成焊合之前的对称排列，以形成图6所示的过渡件19。所述部件18由挤压的铝质材料制成，同时焊接两个这样的横梁来代替直接挤压所述横梁19的理由是：挤压一具有一中空部分20的横梁，这里的形状如同一直角三角形是很难的。所述三角形部分20的小侧面具有从此延伸的平行支柱21、22，所述支柱之间的间隔等于所述梁部件4的桁材9的宽度。 
图7显示了如何将所述过渡件19装入一侧壁和所述罐体的顶部23之间的一拐角处。这里，所述顶部用与所述罐体壁的梁部件4相同的梁部件形成。再次，所述桁材9凹置远离所述焊接区域。 
图8建议了一种更简单的拐角解决方案，特别适于所述罐体侧壁之间的垂直拐角。这基本上是斜角连接，但是所述梁部件4的桁材9已经如所述横梁之间其它接头一样凹置，通过在要连接在一起的所述凸缘7、8端面之间，安置平板24以抵消由这种凹置引起的弱化。 
很清楚，本发明不局限于如上结合附图所示的例证性实施例，可能的改进和变化在从属权利要求的保护范围内。这样，连接罐体单元部件的方法除了焊接和螺栓连接可以采用之外，诸如胶粘或铆钉连接也是可以采用的。此外，减少较小尺寸公差引起的不利影响，或以端面相连的梁部件的轻微偏差，过渡件，例如以I形梁部件的形式，可以插入所述表面之间。在此情况下，第二出口应该被引进该I形梁部件任一侧的焊接区域上。 

Claims (12)

1.一种等截面罐，具有外壁、内壁(1、2)和内部水平撑条(3)，所述撑条抑制该罐容纳的流体施加到所述壁上的作用力，所述壁(1、2)由水平梁部件(4)组成，所述水平梁部件具有由桁材(9)相互连接的两个平行凸缘(7、8)，所述梁部件(4)一个叠加到另一个的顶部，并沿它们邻接的凸缘(7、8)的纵向边缘连接在一起，在它们的端面邻接梁部件(4)的其它端面或连接件(19、24)，
其特征在于，邻接另一梁部件(4)或连接件(19、24)的梁部件(4)的桁材(9)的端面是凹置的，使得在所述端面和邻接梁部件(4)或连接件(19、24)之间形成第一开口(11)。
2.如权利要求1所述的罐，其中所述第一开口(11)具有一圆形轮廓。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的罐，其中至少多个所述撑条(3)在所述邻接梁部件(4)之间的接头(5)所在的位置上，通过至少一个延伸到所述接头(5)侧面处的托架被连接到相应内壁(2)。
4.如权利要求3所述的罐，其中在托架(6)邻接所述接头(5)处形成第二出口(14)。
5.如权利要求4所述的罐，其中至少一些所述梁部件(4)具有肋(12)，设置成作为它们的桁材(9)的外部延伸，所述托架(6)连接到所述肋(12)，且所述第二出口(11)延伸进入所述肋(12)。
6.如权利要求3所述的罐，所述撑条(3)在距内壁(2)一距离处连接到所述至少一个托架(6)上，所述连接包括预应力螺栓(16)。
7.如权利要求1或2所述的罐，其中至少一些所述梁部件(4)的所述桁材(9)相对于所述梁部件的凸缘(7、8)的纵向边缘偏心地定位。
8.如权利要求1或2所述的罐，其中I形梁部件在要相连的梁部件(4)的端面之间形成连接件。
9.如权利要求1或2所述的罐，其中当允许梁部件(4)的连接到其上的桁材(9)具有间断时，所述罐的拐角处包含传递力和弯矩的连接件(19、24)。
10.如权利要求9所述的罐，其中所述连接件(19)包含直角三角形的中空部分(20)和自所述三角形的短边末端垂直延伸的平行支柱(21、22)。
11.如权利要求10所述的罐，其中所述连接件(19)由两个对称件(18)在所述三角形的顶点和底边的中间处焊合而成。
12.如权利要求9所述的罐，其中梁部件(4)在拐角处以一斜角相连接，所述连接件为所述梁部件(4)的凸缘(7、8)焊接到其上的平板(24)，所述梁部件(4)的桁材(9)被凹置远离所述平板(24)。
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