CN101688313A - 耐磨损涂层和具有耐磨损涂层的部件 - Google Patents

耐磨损涂层和具有耐磨损涂层的部件 Download PDF

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CN101688313A
CN101688313A CN200880022951A CN200880022951A CN101688313A CN 101688313 A CN101688313 A CN 101688313A CN 200880022951 A CN200880022951 A CN 200880022951A CN 200880022951 A CN200880022951 A CN 200880022951A CN 101688313 A CN101688313 A CN 101688313A
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W·艾希曼
F·霍伊特林
T·乌伊莱因
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种耐磨损涂层，特别是耐腐蚀涂层，该涂层被施加到有流体力学要求的部件，特别是燃气轮机部件的待保护表面上，其中所述耐磨损涂层由一个或多个重复施加到待涂布的表面上的多层体系形成，并且其中所述一个或每个多层体系均包含至少一个相对软的金属层和至少一个相对硬的陶瓷层。根据本发明，所述一个或每个多层体系的所有层均基于铬，其中在待保护的表面与所述一个/多个多层体系之间施加单纳米结构化的扩散阻挡层。

Description

耐磨损涂层和具有耐磨损涂层的部件
本发明涉及耐磨损涂层，特别是耐腐蚀涂层，优选根据权利要求1的上位概念用于燃气轮机部件。本发明还涉及根据权利要求9的上位概念的具有这类耐磨损涂层的部件。
有流体力学负荷的部件，例如燃气轮机部件由于氧化、腐蚀或侵蚀而受到磨损。侵蚀是由在气流中一起移动的、固体物质造成的磨损过程。为了延长有流体力学负荷的部件的使用寿命，需要耐磨损涂层，其保护部件免受磨损，特别是对抗侵蚀、腐蚀和氧化。
由EP0674020B1已知一种用于基材表面的多层抗腐蚀覆盖层。在该文献中公开了，抗腐蚀覆盖层提供了一种耐磨损涂层，其由多个重复施加在待涂布的基材上的多层体系构成。因此在EP 0674020B1中，重复施加的多层体系由分别两种不同的层形成，也就是一面由金属材料层且另一面由二硼化钛层形成。因为在根据EP 0674020B1的耐腐蚀涂层中，所述重复施加的多层体系仅仅由两层形成，在该文献中公开的耐腐蚀涂层中交替地布置了由金属材料构成的层和由二硼化钛构成的层。
EP 0366289A1公开了另一用于基材的抗腐蚀和抗侵蚀的涂层。根据EP 0366289A1，所述耐磨损涂层也由多个重复施加在待涂布的基材上的多层体系形成，其中每个多层体系又由两种不同的层构成，也就是由金属层(例如由钛构成)和陶瓷层(例如由氮化钛构成)构成。
从EP 0562108B1已知另一种抗腐蚀的耐磨损涂层。在该文献中公开的耐磨损涂层又由多个重复施加在待涂布的基材上的多层体系形成。在此，EP 0562108B1的图4公开了由多个重复施加的多层体系形成的耐磨损涂层，其中每个多层体系由四层构成，也就是由一个由钨或钨合金构成的可延展层和三个硬层构成，其中所述三个硬层的区别在于添加元素含量。
由此出发，本发明要解决的问题在于，提供新型耐磨损涂层和具有这样的耐磨损涂层的部件。
所述问题由此得到解决，即在开篇提到的耐磨损涂层通过权利要求1的特征部分的技术特征得到改进。根据本发明，所述一个或每个多层体系的所有层均基于铬，其中在待保护的表面与所述一个/多个多层体系之间施加扩散阻挡层。
根据本发明的耐磨损涂层保证了非常好的抗腐蚀性以及抗氧化性。根据本发明的耐磨损涂层对所涂布的部件的抗振强度具有非常小的影响。在部件表面与所述一个/多个多层体系之间整合了一个扩散阻挡层的前提条件下，根据本发明的耐磨损涂层具有高热力学稳定性。
根据本发明的耐磨损涂层可以在非常高的温度下使用较长的时间段。
有利的是，所述扩散阻挡层是单-纳米结构化地(mono-nanostruckturiert)构成的并且特别有利地被构造成CrN层。
根据本发明的部件在权利要求12中定义。
本发明的优选改进方案在从属权利要求和下文的说明书中给出。依据附图更详尽地解释本发明的实施例，而不限于此：
图1通过根据本发明第一个实施例的根据本发明的耐磨损涂层的高度示意性横截面；和
图2通过根据本发明第二个实施例的根据本发明的耐磨损涂层的高度示意性横截面。
本发明涉及用于部件，特别是用于燃气轮机部件，如燃气轮机叶片的耐磨损涂层。可以利用所述耐磨损涂层涂布整个部件。同样可以利用根据本发明的耐磨损涂层仅仅涂布所述部件的选定区段或区域。
图1示出通过经涂布的部件10的高度示意性横截面，其中将根据本发明的耐磨损涂层施加到部件10的表面11上，该涂层根据图1包含两个多层体系12和13。多层体系12、13中的每一个均包含多个层。
因此，在图1的实施例中，每个多层体系12、13均包含由金属材料构成的层14、由金属合金材料构成的层15、由梯度分布的金属-陶瓷材料构成的层16和由陶瓷材料构成的层17。在多层体系12与部件10的表面11之间还布置了单-纳米结构化的扩散阻挡层18。在此，所述单-纳米结构化的扩散阻挡层是基于铬以陶瓷CrN层的形式构成的。
部件10优选由镍基合金、钴基合金、铁基合金或钛基合金形成。根据本发明的耐磨损涂层的每个多层体系12、13的每个层14、15、16、17均基于铬。
因此，由金属材料构成的层14是Cr层。由金属合金材料构成的层15是及CrNi层。由梯度分布的金属-陶瓷材料构成的层16是CrAlN1-x层。由陶瓷材料构成的层17是CrAlN层。
图2示出了本发明的第二个实施例，其中图2又示出了通过部件20的示意性横截面，在其表面21上施加了包含多个多层体系22、23和24的耐磨损涂层。在图2的实施例中，每个多层体系22、23和24包含由金属材料构成的层25、由梯度分布的金属-陶瓷材料构成的层26和由陶瓷材料构成的层27。在多层体系22与部件表面21之间布置单-纳米结构化的扩散阻挡层28，其在此基于铬由CrN材料构成。
在图2的实施例中，部件20也由镍基合金、钴基合金、铁基合金或钛基合金形成。根据本发明的耐磨损涂层的每个多层体系22、23、24的每个层25、26、27均基于铬。由金属材料构成的层25是Cr层。由梯度分布的金属-陶瓷材料构成的层26是CrAlN1-x层。由陶瓷材料构成的层27是CrAlN层。
根据本发明的一个有利的改进方案，所述由金属构成的层14或25包含至少一种相稳定化元素，其可以是钨(W)和/或钽(Ta)和/或铌(Nb)和/或钼(Mo)。
额外地或者作为选择，所述由梯度分布的金属-陶瓷材料构成的层16、26和由陶瓷材料构成的层17、27也可以包含相稳定化元素或由其构成，其中所述相稳定化元素是硅(Si)和/或钛(Ti)和/或钽(Ta)和/或矾(V)和/或钼(Mo)和/或钇(Y)和/或钨(W)。
由此，根据本发明的耐磨损涂层包含至少一个多层体系，其中每个多层体系包含至少一个金属层、至少一个由梯度分布的金属-陶瓷材料构成的层和至少一个陶瓷层。在所述多层体系与部件的表面之间存在扩散阻挡层。
所述一个或每个多层体系的整个层基于铬，所述扩散阻挡层有利地是单-纳米结构化的并且由陶瓷CrN材料构成。所述经涂布的部件优选为由镍基合金材料或钴基合金材料、铁基合金材料或钛基合金材料构成的燃气轮机部件。
在此描述的本发明的具体实施方式中，所述扩散阻挡层18、28仅位于部件表面与第一个经施加的多层体系12、22之间。当然为了进一步稳定整个体系，还可以在单个多层体系12、13、22、23、24之间施加其它扩散阻挡层，此外还可以在单个层14、15、16、17、25、26、27之间施加额外的扩散阻挡层。所述扩散阻挡层也有利地是单-纳米结构化的且由CrN材料构造。

Claims (13)

1、耐磨损涂层，特别是耐腐蚀涂层，该涂层被施加到有流体力学要求的部件，特别是燃气轮机部件的待保护的表面上，其中所述耐磨损涂层由一个或多个重复施加到待涂布的表面上的多层体系形成，并且其中所述一个或每个多层体系均包含至少一个相对软的金属层和至少一个相对硬的陶瓷层，其特征在于，
所述一个或每个多层体系(12、13；22、23、24)的所有层(14、15、16、17、18；25、26、27、28)均基于铬，并且在待保护的表面与所述一个/多个多层体系(12、13；22、23、24)之间施加了扩散阻挡层(18；28)。
2、根据权利要求1的耐磨损涂层，其特征在于，所述扩散阻挡层(18；28)是单-纳米结构化的阻挡层，特别是单-纳米结构化的CrN层。
3、根据权利要求1或2的耐磨损涂层，其特征在于，所述一个或每个多层体系(12、13)具有由金属材料构成的层(14)、由金属合金材料构成的层(15)、由梯度分布的金属-陶瓷材料构成的层(16)和由陶瓷材料构成的层(17)。
4、根据权利要求1或2的耐磨损涂层，其特征在于，所述一个或每个多层体系(22、23、24)具有由金属材料构成的层(25)、由梯度分布的金属-陶瓷材料构成的层(26)和由陶瓷材料构成的层(27)。
5、根据权利要求3或4的耐磨损涂层，其特征在于，所述由金属材料构成的层(14；25)具有至少一种相稳定化元素。
6、根据权利要求5的耐磨损涂层，其特征在于，所述相稳定化元素是钨(W)和/或钽(Ta)和/或铌(Nb)和/或钼(Mo)。
7、根据权利要求1-6中任一项的耐磨损涂层，其特征在于，所述由梯度分布的金属-陶瓷材料构成的层(16；26)和/或由陶瓷材料构成的层(17；27)具有至少一种相稳定化元素。
8、根据权利要求7的耐磨损涂层，其特征在于，所述相稳定化元素是硅(Si)和/或钽(Ta)和/或钛(Ti)和/或钨(W)和/或钼(Mo)和/或钇(Y)和/或矾(V)。
9、根据权利要求1-8中任一项的耐磨损涂层，其特征在于，在所述多层体系(12、13、22、23、24)之间施加其它扩散阻挡层。
10、根据权利要求9的耐磨损涂层，其特征在于，所述其它扩散阻挡层是单-纳米结构化的阻挡层，特别是单-纳米结构化的CrN层。
11、根据权利要求1-10中任一项的耐磨损涂层，其特征在于，在所述多层体系(12、13、22、23、24)的单个层(14、15、16、17、25、26、27)之间施加额外的扩散阻挡层。
12、部件，特别是燃气轮机部件，其具有耐磨损涂层，特别是具有耐腐蚀涂层，所述涂层被施加到有流体力学要求的部件的待保护的表面上，其中所述耐磨损涂层由一个或多个重复施加在待涂布的表面上的多层体系形成，其特征在于，所述耐磨损涂层是根据权利要求1-11中一项或多项构成的。
13、根据权利要求12的部件，其特征在于，所述部件是由镍基合金或钴基合金或铁基合金或钛基合金形成的。
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