CN101687105B - 改善矿化/再矿化益处的包含缓冲系统的口腔护理产品 - Google Patents
改善矿化/再矿化益处的包含缓冲系统的口腔护理产品 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101687105B CN101687105B CN2008800098619A CN200880009861A CN101687105B CN 101687105 B CN101687105 B CN 101687105B CN 2008800098619 A CN2008800098619 A CN 2008800098619A CN 200880009861 A CN200880009861 A CN 200880009861A CN 101687105 B CN101687105 B CN 101687105B
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- Prior art keywords
- salt
- phosphate
- potassium
- chewing gum
- sodium
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- 235000011083 sodium citrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明提供了用于促进牙齿矿化/再矿化的口腔产品。在实施方案中,本公开内容提供了包括钙盐、磷酸盐、钠盐和钾盐的口腔产品。例如,钠盐与钾盐的摩尔比在大约3至大约4的范围。
Description
优先权
本申请要求于2006年2月3日提交的美国临时专利申请序列号60/765,289的优先权,其全部公开内容因此引入本文。
发明背景
本公开内容总体上涉及牙齿护理。更具体地,本公开内容涉及改善牙齿矿化/再矿化的口腔护理产品。
牙齿中的牙釉质和牙本质主要由钙羟基磷灰石形式的磷酸钙构成。该材料在唾液的中性pH水平下高度不溶,但易于溶解在酸性介质中。因此,当牙齿暴露在细菌引起的碳水化合物糖酵解期间产生的酸中时,由于外边缘更耐酸,因此损伤或脱矿的区域最初出现在完好牙釉质表面的下方。齿龋从这些表面下损伤开始,其甚至在蛀洞可被发现之前形成。如果不处理,位于这种表面下损伤之上的表面牙釉质最终将塌陷,导致蛀洞形成,继而损失牙齿结构。
发明概述
本公开内容涉及改善消费者牙齿矿化/再矿化的口腔护理产品。在实施方案中,本公开内容提供了包含钙盐、磷酸盐、钠盐和钾盐的口腔产品。例如,在实施方案中,钠盐与钾盐的摩尔比可以在大约3至大约4的范围内。
在实施方案中,口腔产品向消费者的口腔中释放摩尔比为约1.50至约1.70的钙盐和磷酸盐。
在实施方案中,口腔产品中的钠盐和钾盐可以是例如囊封、团聚、固定(fixated)、截留(entrapped)或其组合的形式。
在实施方案中,用于将钠盐和钾盐囊封的聚合物具有约1.5x103g/mol至约150x103g/mol的分子量。
在实施方案中,口腔产品中用于囊封的聚合物与盐的重量比为约10∶90至约90∶10。
在实施方案中,钠盐和钾盐占囊封基质的总重量的约0.01%至约80%。
在实施方案中,口腔产品可以是,例如,口香糖,糖果,压制片,薄荷糖,耐嚼糖果,硬糖,巧克力,牛扎糖,凝胶,糖食酱,牙膏,泡沫剂,漱口剂,洁齿剂或其组合。
在实施方案中,钠盐包括磷酸钠化合物,钾盐包括磷酸钾化合物。
在实施方案中,磷酸钠和磷酸钾的总量占口腔产品重量的约0.01%至约10%。
在实施方案中,口腔产品中的钠盐和钾盐保持分开或者相互不接触,直至口腔产品被使用,即,单独或组合的咀嚼、溶解、施用于口腔表面等。
在实施方案中,口腔产品包括双室漱口剂,包含在一个室中的钠盐和在另一个室中的钾盐。
在实施方案中,口腔产品中的钠盐和钾盐保持分开,直至口腔产品向消费者口中释放钠盐和钾盐。
在实施方案中,钙盐是三元盐(triprotic)。
在实施方案中,钙盐可以是,例如,柠檬酸钙,甘油磷酸钙或其组合。
在实施方案中,钙盐占口腔产品重量的约1.0%至约10.0%。
在实施方案中,口腔产品可以包含一种或多种成分,例如,甜味剂,香料,颜料,增感剂(sensates),酸,生物活性剂或其组合。
在另一实施方案中,本公开内容提供了包含钙盐、以及被囊封的钠盐和钾盐的口腔产品。钠盐与钾盐的摩尔比可以在,例如,大约3至大约4的范围内。
在实施方案中,磷酸钠与磷酸钾的掺合物被囊封在PVAc(例如,高分子量PVAc)中。
在实施方案中,磷酸钠和磷酸钾的总量占口腔产品重量的约0.01%至约10.0%。
在另一种实施方案中,本公开内容提供了包含钙盐、磷酸盐、钠盐和钾盐的口香糖。钠盐与钾盐的摩尔比可以在,例如,大约3至大约4的范围内。
在实施方案中,口香糖以约1.5至约2.0的摩尔比释放钙盐和磷酸盐。
在实施方案中,口香糖中的钠盐和钾盐可以是例如囊封、团聚、固定、截留或其组合的形式。
在实施方案中,用于将钠盐和钾盐囊封的聚合物具有约1.5x103g/mol至约150x103g/mol的分子量。
在实施方案中,口香糖中的聚合物与钠盐和钾盐的重量比为约10∶90至约90∶10。
在实施方案中,口香糖包括包衣。
在实施方案中,包衣层包含钠盐和钾盐。
在实施方案中,口香糖包含至少两层。例如,一层包含钙盐,另一层包含钠盐和钾盐。
在实施方案中,口香糖包含至少三层。例如,一层包含钙盐,另一层包含钠盐,再一层包含钾盐。
在实施方案中,钠盐包括磷酸钠化合物,钾盐包括磷酸钾化合物。
在实施方案中,磷酸钠化合物与磷酸钾化合物的掺合物被囊封在PVAc中。
在实施方案中,磷酸钠化合物和磷酸钾化合物的总量占口香糖重量的约0.01-10.0%。
在实施方案中,钙盐选自柠檬酸钙,甘油磷酸钙及其组合。
在实施方案中,钙盐占口香糖重量的约1.0%至约10.0%。
在实施方案中,口香糖包含一种或多种成分,例如,甜味剂,香料,颜料,增感剂,酸,生物活性剂及其组合。
在实施方案中,口香糖是无糖口香糖。
在另一实施方案中,本公开内容提供了包含口香糖外壳的口香糖,该口香糖外壳包含钙盐。口香糖外壳包裹着液体芯。液体芯包含钠盐和钾盐。钠盐与钾盐的摩尔比可以在,例如,大约3至大约4的范围内。
在实施方案中,钠盐包括磷酸钠化合物,钾盐包括磷酸钾化合物。
在实施方案中,液体芯内的钠盐和钾盐包括例如囊封、团聚、固定、截留及其组合的形式。
在另一实施方案中,本公开内容提供了使消费者的牙齿再矿化的方法。该方法包括提供包含钙盐、磷酸盐、钠盐和钾盐的口腔产品。钠盐与钾盐的摩尔比可以在,例如,大约3至大约4的范围内。口腔产品被施用于消费者的口腔内。
在实施方案中,口腔产品包括口香糖。
在实施方案中,方法进一步包括咀嚼口香糖至少5分钟或5分钟以上。
本公开内容的优点是提供了提供健康利益的改良口腔产品。
本公开内容的另一个优点是提供了能使消费者的牙齿矿化/再矿化的改良口腔产品。
本公开内容的另一个优点是提供了具有协助矿化/再矿化过程的缓冲系统的改良口腔产品。
本公开内容的另一个优点是提供了能使消费者的牙齿矿化/再矿化的改良口香糖产品。
本公开内容的另一个优点是提供了使消费者的牙齿矿化/再矿化的改良方法。
其它特征和优点在本文中描述,并且将从以下的具体说明部分和附图中了然。
附图简述
图1示出了体外pH周期筛查器结果(柠檬酸钙/磷酸钙掺合物对乳酸钙)(平均值±SEM,N=18/组)。
发明详述
本公开内容涉及用于改善消费者牙齿矿化/再矿化的口腔护理产品。在一般性实施方案中,本公开内容提供了包含钙盐、磷酸盐、钠盐和钾盐的口腔产品。钠盐与钾盐的摩尔比可以在任何适宜的范围内,例如,大约3至大约4。磷酸盐和钠/钾盐可以来源于相同或不同的化合物。
受刺激的唾液可以通过添加钙、磷酸和缓冲离子来促进矿化。设计口腔产品,如甜食和口香糖,可以采用提供便携并且味道绝妙的有效工具以显著增强这种基线唾液矿化速率的技术。在实施方案中,本公开内容提供了促进离子如钙、磷酸盐、钠和钾盐在口腔内长时间持续高水平释放的口腔护理产品。这些离子依次相互作用,使无定形“磷灰石样”磷酸钙(CaP)结晶沉淀下来,结晶的尺寸足以扩散通过牙齿的菌膜或菌斑层以及损伤表面区域。随着时间的过去和重复使用,这些CaP结晶蓄积起来,并转化成牙釉质样结构,重建表面下矿物基质。
已经意外地发现,含有钙盐的口腔产品中使用钠盐和钾盐组合,在该组合物被放置在口腔内咀嚼或消费后,起到了促进其中存在的钙、钾和磷酸根离子在口腔中释放和沉淀的作用,因此也起到了促进与其接触的牙齿的后续再矿化的作用。尤其是,本公开内容涉及在口腔产品中使用约3.0至约4.0的钠盐和钾盐摩尔比(Na/K)。例如,该比例的设计是为了起到磷酸盐缓冲系统的作用,以维持37℃时生理pH 7.4,这是有利的再矿化环境。
在实施方案中,钠盐和钾盐的总量占口腔产品重量的约0.01%至约10%。在另一实施方案中,钠盐和钾盐的总量占口腔产品重量的约6.0%至约8.0%。
不受任何特定理论的约束,一般认为,在产品开始置于口腔内后,钙、磷酸根、钠和钾离子释放,产生的Ca/P摩尔比为约1.50至约2.0,优选约1.50至1.70。因此,可以形成附着于口腔表面的钾取代无定形磷灰石的沉淀,并迅速转化成牙釉质样结晶层。在由口腔菌斑细菌的乳酸引起的酸攻击期间,沉淀的钾取代无定形磷灰石层的溶解通过在牙齿的牙釉质表面附近释放钙和磷酸根离子,重建了有利于再矿化的条件。意外的是,本公开内容通过口腔产品采用钠与钾摩尔比为约3.0至约4.0的独特缓冲系统,提供了在不使用酸的条件下实现再矿化的机会。
在实施方案中,适宜的钙盐,例如,部分溶解的钙盐如柠檬酸钙,能够从口腔产品中向唾液递送持续高水平的钙离子。在另一实施方案中,可溶性磷酸二钠和磷酸二氢钾的掺合物被囊封在聚乙酸乙烯酯(PVAc)(例如,高分子量PVAc)中,以提供磷酸根离子(PO4)从口香糖到唾液的持续高水平递送。
本公开内容的口腔产品包括但不限于口香糖、糖果/糖食,凝胶,牙膏,泡沫剂,漱口剂和/或洁齿剂。释放钙、磷酸根、钾或钠离子的化合物可以选自许多市场上可以买到的化合物,以及其它环境下认为是食品添加剂的其它化合物。本文所涵盖的所有这些添加剂都旨在是无毒的。出于本公开内容的目的,术语“无毒”意指符合公认的和已确立的安全性的定义,如食品和药品监督管理局(Food and DrugAdministration)的名称“一般公认的安全”中所述。并且,该定义所涵盖的还有那些已添加到食品中一段时间、并且在其预期用途的条件下被认为是安全的化合物。本公开内容的添加剂,包括钙盐,在以预定水平正规口腔应用的基础上是充分无毒的,并且优选在预期的保存期内稳定。
钙盐
尽管牙齿的矿化/再矿化可以采用不同的钙盐,但典型的钙盐包括但不限于单独或以任何方式组合的下述钙盐:硫酸盐(例如,硫酸钙,无水硫酸钙,硫酸钙半水合物,硫酸钙二水合物),葡萄糖酸盐,(硼葡萄糖酸盐),甘油磷酸盐,多聚磷酸盐,乳酸盐(乳酸-葡萄糖酸盐,乳糖酸盐),苹果酸盐,柠檬酸盐,酒石酸盐,富马酸盐,丙二酸盐,硝酸盐,乙酸盐,抗坏血酸盐,苯甲酸盐,重硫酸盐,碳酸盐,氯化物,二谷氨酸盐(diglutamates),二钠盐,氰亚铁酸盐,甲酸盐,富马酸盐,鸟苷酸盐,亚硫酸盐,氢氧化物,肌酐酸盐,丙酸盐,过氧化物,硅酸盐,山梨酸盐,亚硫酸盐和琥珀酸盐,以及氧化钙,泛酸钙,5′-核糖核苷酸钙等。所采用的钙盐可以是一元、二元或三元的。
钾盐
尽管牙齿的矿化/再矿化可以采用不同的钾盐,但典型的钾盐包括但不限于单独或组合的乙酸钾,己二酸钾,硅酸铝钾,抗坏血酸钾,苯甲酸钾,碳酸氢钾,亚硫酸氢钾,溴酸钾,碳酸钾,氯化钾,柠檬酸钾,亚铁氰化钾,富马酸钾,葡萄糖酸钾,亚硫酸氢钾,氢氧化钾,乳酸钾,苹果酸钾,焦亚硫酸钾,硝酸钾,亚硝酸钾,磷酸钾,丙酸钾,酒石酸钠钾,山梨酸钾,硫酸钾,亚硫酸钾,酒石酸钾等。所采用的钾盐可以是一元、二元或三元的。
钠盐
牙齿的矿化/再矿化可以采用各种各样的钠盐,典型的钠盐包括但不限于单独或以任何方式组合的乙酸钠,己二酸钠,磷酸铝钠,抗坏血酸钠,苯甲酸钠,碳酸氢钠,亚硫酸氢钠,碳酸钠,柠檬酸钠,脱氢乙酸钠,异抗坏血酸钠,sodium erythorbins,对羟基苯甲酸乙酯钠,甲酸钠,富马酸钠,葡萄糖酸钠,乙酸氢钠,氯化钠,氢氧化钠,乳酸钠,苹果酸钠,焦亚硫酸钠,对羟基苯甲酸甲酯钠,硝酸钠,亚硝酸钠,邻苯基苯酚钠,丙酸钠,对羟基苯甲酸丙酯钠,山梨酸钠,硬脂酰乳酸钠,琥珀酸钠,亚硫酸钠,酒石酸钠,四硼酸钠,苏打灰(Na2CO3),智利硝石(NaNO3),谷氨酸单钠(MSG),磷酸二钠、三钠和四钠等。最常用的钠源是氯化钠,但氯化钠存在于许多其它矿物中并且可以从这些矿物中获得,如钠硝石,冰晶石,闪石,沸石等。所采用的钠盐可以是一元,二元或三元的。
盐的分隔:囊封,团聚,物理&包衣
在实施方案中,所用钾盐和钠盐被囊封或涂以屏障层,以便例如限制或基本上阻止盐与口腔产品中所使用的一种或多种成分发生相互作用。通过用另一种基质囊封对钾盐和钠盐所进行的物理修饰可以通过改变盐的溶解度或溶出率来增加或延迟其释放。例如,钾盐和钠盐可以用二氧化硅包衣。另外,钾盐和钠盐还可以与聚乙酸乙烯酯(PVAc)囊封在一起(例如,共囊封(co-encapsulated))。通常,囊封基质中存在的PVAc的量至少约10重量%,约30重量%,或约60%重量或更高,钾盐和钠盐的浓度在囊封基质的总重量的约0.01%至约80%,或约20%至约70%,或约30%至约60%的范围内。
任何产生盐的完全或部分囊封的标准技术都可以使用。这些技术包括但不限于喷雾干燥,喷雾激冷,流化床包衣,挤出,共挤出,包合,制粒,辊压和凝聚。这些产生盐的完全或部分囊封的囊封技术可以在单步工艺或多步工艺中单独或组合使用。例如,可以将盐喷雾干燥,然后将所得粉末用流化床包衣。
本文所述钾盐和钠盐的囊封技术是标准包衣技术,通常根据工艺中所用的包衣组合物,产生从部分包衣到完全包衣的不同程度的包衣。并且,包衣组合物还对不同程度的水渗透敏感。一般而言,具有高有机溶剂溶解性、良好的成膜性和低水溶性的包衣组合物可以更好地延迟盐的释放。这样的组合物包括但不限于丙烯酸聚合物和共聚物,羧乙烯聚合物,聚酰胺,聚苯乙烯,聚乙酸乙烯酯,聚乙酸乙烯邻苯二甲酸酯,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和蜡。尽管所有这些材料都可以用于盐的囊封,但通常只应考虑食品级的材料。
用于囊封磷酸钠和磷酸钾盐的聚合物可以具有任何适宜的分子量。在实施方案中,用于囊封磷酸钠和磷酸钾盐的聚合物具有约1.5x103g/mol的分子量。用于囊封磷酸钠和磷酸钾盐的聚合物可以具有约80x103g/mol的分子量。用于囊封磷酸钠和磷酸钾盐的聚合物还可以具有约80至约100x103g/mol的分子量。或者,用于囊封磷酸钠和磷酸钾盐的聚合物可以具有约150x103g/mol的分子量。
虫胶和玉米醇溶蛋白是两种标准的食品级包衣材料,它们是良好的成膜剂,但不溶于水。水溶性较强、但却是良好的成膜剂的其它包衣材料是例如下述材料:琼脂,藻酸盐,各种各样的衍生物如乙基纤维素、甲基纤维素、羟甲基纤维素钠和羟丙基纤维素,糊精,明胶,淀粉和改性淀粉。这些被广泛批准用于食物的成分在用作盐的囊封剂时产生快速释放。在实施方案中,阿拉伯胶或麦芽糊精被用于囊封盐。在另一实施方案中,PVAc被用于囊封盐。
包在盐上的包衣或囊封材料的量还可以控制从口腔产品释放的时间长度。一般而言,水不溶性包衣的水平越高和盐的量越少,咀嚼期间盐的释放就越慢。并且,水溶性包衣的使用水平越高,释放速率越慢。在实施方案中,为了获得预期的盐释放,以口腔产品香料释放相称,囊封剂通常最少为被包衣盐重量的约1.0%。例如,囊封剂最少为囊封基质重量的1.0%。
另一种改变盐的释放的方法是通过将盐与部分包被钾盐和钠盐的团聚剂进行凝聚的工艺。这种方法包括将盐和团聚剂与少量水或溶剂混合的步骤。混合物以使得个体湿颗粒彼此相互接触的方式制备,以便可以施加部分包衣。除去水或溶剂后,研碎混合物,用作粉末状包衣产品。
可以用作团聚剂的材料与前述用于囊封程序的材料相同。然而,由于该包衣只是部分囊封,钾盐和钠盐可以微溶于水,一些团聚剂在改变盐的释放方面比其它材料更有效。适宜的团聚剂包括但不限于有机聚合物,如丙烯酸聚合物和共聚物,聚乙酸乙烯酯(PVAc),聚乙烯比咯烷酮,蜡,虫胶和玉米醇溶蛋白。其它团聚剂包括但不限于琼脂,藻酸盐,范围广泛的纤维素衍生物,如乙基纤维素、甲基纤维素、羟甲基纤维素钠、羟丙甲基纤维素,糊精,明胶,改性和未改性淀粉,以及植物胶如瓜尔胶、刺槐豆胶和角叉菜胶。即使团聚后的盐仅被部分包衣,但当包衣的量相对于盐的量增加时,咀嚼期间盐的释放仍可以更为延长。在实施方案中,团聚剂的水平是团聚基质重量的至少5%。
钾盐和钠盐可以一起或分别包衣。这些盐可以在两步或多步工艺中单独或组合包衣。盐可以先用前述任何材料囊封,然后被囊封的盐可以如前文所述进行团聚,得到钠盐与钾盐的囊封/团聚摩尔比为,例如,约3.5。
在另一实施方案中,钠盐和/或钾盐可以吸收到另一种多孔组分上,并被截留在多孔组分的基质中。通常用于吸收盐的材料包括但不限于二氧化硅,硅酸盐,药物吸收(pharmasorb)粘土,海绵样珠子或微珠,无定形糖如喷雾干燥的右旋糖,蔗糖,糖醇,无定形碳酸盐和氢氧化物,包括铝和钙淀,植物胶以及其它喷雾干燥的材料。不溶性材料将使盐从口腔产品延迟释放,而水溶性材料则使盐快速释放。
根据吸收剂材料的类型及其如何制备,吸收剂上可以负载的盐的量将不同。一般而言,材料如聚合物或海绵样珠或微珠、无定形糖和糖醇以及无定形碳酸盐和氢氧化物吸收的量等于吸收剂重量的约10%至约40%。其它材料,如二氧化硅和药物吸收粘土能吸收吸收剂重量的约20%至约80%。
将钾盐和/或钠盐吸收至吸收剂上的一般程序的特征如下:吸收剂,如火成二氧化硅粉末在粉末混合器中混合,将微溶于水的盐的水溶液喷雾到粉末上,同时继续混合。水溶液可以有约1.0重量%的盐,当使用的温度高至90℃时,可以使用更高的固体水平。一般而言,水是溶剂,但其它溶剂,如醇如果被批准食物应用,则也可以使用。当粉末混合时,液体被喷雾到粉末上。在混合物变得潮湿之前停止喷雾。将仍然自由流动的粉末从混合器中取出,除去水或其它溶剂,然后研磨成特定的粒度。
在盐被吸收到吸收剂上或固定到吸收剂上后,钾盐和/或钠盐可以如本文别处所述通过囊封完全或部分包衣。或者,可以使用另一种形式的囊封,其通过纤维挤出或纤维纺丝,将成分截留于聚合物中。
鉴于前述内容,需要注意的是,获得本公开内容的再矿化/矿化剂(例如,盐)的控释的四种主要方法是(1)囊封(完全或部分),(2)团聚,(3)固定或吸收,以及(4)截留入挤出的化合物中。这四种方法可以按照物理上改变本公开内容所包括的钠盐和钾盐的释放或溶解度的任何可用方式进行组合。
其它处理钠盐和/或钾盐以改变或将盐与其它成分物理分离的方法也可以对其释放速率、溶解度或稳定性具有一些影响。在实施方案中,钾盐可以被加入到多层口香糖组合物中的一层,而钠盐可以被加入到该多层口香糖组合物的不同层,钙盐可以被加入到口香糖组合物的另一不同层。
在另一实施方案中,钾盐和钠盐可以被囊封并加入到液体芯口腔产品内的液体中。钙盐可以被加入到包裹液体芯的材料中。口腔产品的芯填充物可以包含一种或多种常规量的碳水化合物浆,甘油,增稠剂,香料,酸化剂,颜料,甜味剂。这些成分以常规方式组合。这种递送钠盐、钾盐和钙盐的方法可以使得释放速率平稳,并且可以减少或消除使用前可能发生的盐的反应从而增强释放,促进再矿化/矿化,并且获得改善的保存稳定性。
隔离钾盐和/或钠盐的另一实施方案是在口腔产品的包衣/锅包衣中使用它们。例如,团粒状或球状胶按常规口香糖制备,但形成枕头形状的团粒,或形成球状物。然后团粒/球可以通过常规技术用糖或多元醇包衣或锅包衣,制成独特的包衣口香糖。根据所用的盐,其可以是十分稳定并且微溶于水的,使其易于加入到热糖溶液中进行糖的锅包衣。盐还可以作为粉末加入,与一些类型的锅包衣程序中常用的其它粉末掺和。
常规锅包衣程序通常用蔗糖包衣,但锅包衣的最新进展已经可以使用其它碳水化合物材料用于代替蔗糖。这些组分中的一些包括但不限于右旋糖,麦芽糖,帕拉金糖,木糖醇,乳糖醇,氢化异麦芽酮糖和其它糖醇,或其组合。这些材料可以与锅包衣改良剂掺和,锅包衣改良剂包括但不限于阿拉伯胶,麦芽糊精,玉米糖浆,明胶,纤维素类材料如羧甲基纤维素(CMC)或羟甲基纤维素(HMC),淀粉和改性淀粉,植物胶如藻酸盐、刺槐豆胶、阿拉伯胶、瓜尔胶和西黄蓍胶,不溶性碳酸盐如碳酸钙或碳酸镁,或滑石。
抗粘剂可以作为锅包衣改良剂加入,其允许使用各种各样的碳水化合物和糖醇,用于新的锅包衣或包衣口腔产品的开发。例如,口腔产品可以包括但不限于单独或以任何方式组合的口香糖,糖果,压制片,薄荷糖,耐嚼糖果,硬糖,巧克力,牛扎糖,凝胶,糖食酱,液体等。还可以与包衣料和本公开内容的盐一起加入香料,以产生独特的产品特征。
在另一实施方案中,可以采用另一种类型的包衣来将钾盐和/或钠盐相互以及与其它口腔产品成分隔离。这种技术被称为薄膜包衣。例如,薄膜样的虫胶、玉米醇溶蛋白或纤维素类材料被施加到产品上,产品包括但不限于单独或以任何方式组合的口香糖,糖果,压制片,薄荷糖,耐嚼糖果,硬糖,巧克力,牛扎糖,凝胶,糖食酱,液体等,在产品表面形成薄膜。施加薄膜可以通过将聚合物、增塑剂和溶剂(颜料为任选的)混合,并将混合物喷雾到另一产品表面、包衣或材料上来完成。这可以在常规类型的锅包衣设备、或在更先进的侧面开孔的包衣锅中完成。当使用如醇的溶剂时,需要额外的预防措施来防止火灾和爆炸,并且使用专业设备。
一些薄膜聚合物在薄膜包衣中可以用水作溶剂。聚合物研究和薄膜包衣技术的最新进展消除了将溶剂施加于包衣的相关难题。这些进展使得含水膜可能施加于各种成品,包括口香糖,糖果等。由于所使用的钾盐和/或钠盐是微溶于水的,其可以加入到该薄膜水溶液中,与薄膜一起施加到另一产品表面、包衣层或材料上。其中可以分散有盐的含水膜甚或醇溶剂膜,还可以含有香料以及聚合物和增塑剂。至于将盐加入到作为乳液或溶液的聚合物/增塑剂/溶剂系统中,盐可以与甜味剂或香料一起加入,以平衡味道。也可以将钾盐和/或钠盐溶解在含水溶剂中,并与含水膜一起包被在表面上。
口腔产品
本公开内容涉及各种口腔产品,包括,例如,口香糖(例如,片状口香糖,团粒或糖衣口香糖(dragee gums),条状口香糖,压缩口香糖,共挤出的分层口香糖,泡泡糖等),糖果,糖食,巧克力,凝胶,糖食酱,牙膏,漱口剂和洁齿剂。
在一个实施方案中,本公开内容的口腔产品是口香糖。在另一实施方案中,口腔产品是共挤出的分层口香糖,其中,例如,口香糖包括含有钙盐的一层,和:(i)分别包含摩尔比为约3∶5的共囊封的钠盐和钾盐的一层;或(ii)两层,其中一层包含钠盐和另一层包含钾盐,摩尔比为约3∶5。例如,其间可以存在包含钙盐的层(即,夹层)。这样,钙、钠和钾盐实质上被囊封在胶基中,因此限制并可能基本上阻止了这些盐的过早接触。
在另一实施方案中,使用了用于递送本文所述的矿化/再矿化组分的口香糖,因为口香糖的本身性质允许延长与牙齿的接触。
口香糖
本公开内容的口香糖产品可以用通常用于口香糖组合物的各种各样不同组合物制成。适宜的物理形式包括条状,片状,糖衣丸,chicklets,棒状(batons)等。尽管各产品形式的确切成分将在产品与产品之间不同,但具体技术将是本领域技术人员已知的。一般而言,口香糖组合物通常含有基本上不溶于水的可咀嚼胶基部分,和包括水溶性增量剂的水溶性增量部分,以及其它水溶性组分及香料,并可能含有通常不溶于水的其它活性成分。水溶性部分和部分香料(如果存在的话,还有其它水不溶性活性物质)在咀嚼过程中随时间而消散。胶基部分在整个咀嚼过程中一直保留在口腔内。
口香糖可以包含约5%至约95%的胶基。通常,不溶性胶基可以占口香糖的约10%至约50%,或口香糖的约20%至约40%。本公开内容考虑到了使用任何商业上可接受的胶基。
不溶性胶基通常包含弹性体,弹性体溶剂,增塑剂,蜡,乳化剂和无机填充剂。能起到几分增塑剂作用的塑性聚合物,如聚乙酸乙烯酯,也包含在内。其它可以使用的塑性聚合物包括聚月桂酸乙烯酯,聚乙烯醇和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。胶基通常占全部口香糖组合物的20%至40%。然而,在不太常见的配方中,其可以占低至5%,或高至95%。
合成弹性体包含但不限于聚异丁烯(例如,重均分子量为约10,000至约95,000的聚异丁烯),丁基橡胶(异丁烯-异戊二烯共聚物),苯乙烯共聚物(具有例如,约1∶3至约3∶1的苯乙烯-丁二烯比率),聚异戊二烯,聚乙烯,乙酸乙烯酯-月桂酸乙烯酯共聚物(具有例如,月桂酸乙烯酯含量为共聚物重量的约5%至约50%),及其组合物。
天然弹性体可以包括例如天然橡胶,如熏制或液态胶乳和银胶菊,以及天然胶,如糖胶树胶,节路顿胶,lechi caspi,perillo,索马胶(sorva),二齿铁线子胶,巧克力铁线子胶,nispero,rosindinha,香港古塔胶及其混合物。优选弹性体将取决于,例如,其中使用了胶基的口香糖是粘聚性的还是常规的,是合成的还是天然的,是泡泡糖还是常规口香糖。弹性体提供了橡胶样质地,这是口香糖的特征。弹性体通常构成胶基重量的5-25%。
有时被称为弹性体增塑剂的弹性体溶剂包括但不限于天然松香酯,如甘油酯或部分氢化松香,聚合松香的甘油酯,部分二聚松香的甘油酯,松香的甘油酯,部分氢化松香的季戊四醇酯,松香的甲酯和部分氢化的甲酯,松香的季戊四醇酯,合成物如萜烯树脂,聚柠檬烯及其它多萜和/或前述的任何适宜组合。弹性体溶剂通常以胶基的5-30%的水平使用。
胶基增塑剂有时被称作软化剂(但不能与口香糖的水溶性部分中所使用的水溶性软化剂混淆)。通常,软化剂包括脂肪和油以及蜡。脂肪和油通常为植物油,其常常部分或完全氢化,以增加其熔点。适于这种用途的植物油包括棉籽、大豆、棕榈(包括棕榈仁)、椰子油、乳木果、蓖麻、花生、玉米、油菜籽、芸苔、向日葵油、可可等的油。较不常用的是动物脂肪,如乳脂、牛油和猪油。构造的脂肪基本上为合成的具有不同链长的混合脂肪酸甘油酯(甘油三酯),其通过使用自然界不太常见的短链和中链脂肪酸提供精细调节软化特性的能力。常用的蜡包括石蜡、微晶蜡和天然蜡,如蜂蜡及巴西棕榈蜡。微晶蜡,尤其是具有高度结晶性的微晶蜡,可以考虑作为稠化剂或质地改良剂。增塑剂通常以胶基重量的5-40%的水平使用。
有几分增塑剂的作用的塑性聚合物,如聚乙酸乙烯酯也常被使用。其它可以使用的塑性聚合物包括聚月桂酸乙烯酯,聚乙烯醇和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。大多数胶基掺入了胶基重量的5-40%水平的聚乙酸乙烯酯。
胶基通常还包括填充剂组分。填充剂组分通常为无机粉末,如碳酸钙,细石灰石,硅酸镁,滑石,硅酸盐类如硅酸铝和硅酸镁,磷酸二钙,磷酸三钙,纤维素聚合物如木材,其组合等。填充剂可以占胶基的5%至约50%。有时,部分的填充剂可以与胶基分开加入到口香糖混合物中。
乳化剂也具有塑化特性,帮助不同的胶基组分匀化和相容。常用乳化剂包括甘油单酯和二酯如单硬脂酸甘油酯,卵磷脂,甘油三乙酸酯,单硬脂酸甘油酯,乙酰化甘油单酯,脂肪酸及其组合。乳化剂通常以胶基重量的1-10%的水平使用。
胶基通常含有任选的添加剂,如起到其正常功能的抗氧化剂和颜料。较少见的是,可以在胶基中加入香料和甜味剂。这些添加剂如果使用的话,通常以胶基重量的约1%或1%以下的水平使用。
口香糖的水溶性部分可以包含软化剂,甜味剂,调味剂和其组合,以及其它任选的成分。例如,口香糖的大部分水溶性部分通常包含起增量剂作用的水溶性碳水化合物粉末。在含糖口香糖中,尽管其它糖,如单独或以任何方式组合的果糖、赤藓糖、右旋糖(葡萄糖)、左旋糖、塔格糖、半乳糖、海藻糖、固体玉米糖浆等都可以使用,但最经常的是蔗糖。
一般而言,由于糖醇生龋性低、热量低和血糖生成值低的利益,无糖口香糖将用糖醇(也称多元醇或多羟基醇)作增量剂。这样的糖醇包括单独或以任何方式组合的山梨醇,甘露醇,木糖醇,氢化异麦芽酮糖,麦芽糖醇,赤藓糖醇,固体氢化淀粉水解物等。长链糖,如聚右旋糖和低聚果糖,有时由于其热量低的特性以及其它健康利益而被使用。增量剂通常占口香糖组合物的约5%至约95%。
为了优化口香糖的可咀嚼性和口感,向口香糖中加入软化剂。软化剂在本领域也被称作增塑剂和塑化剂,其通常占口香糖的约0.5%至约15%。软化剂包括甘油,丙二醇和甜味剂水溶液(糖浆)。糖浆的例子包括玉米糖浆和通常用水解淀粉制备的(一般是)葡萄糖浆。对于无糖产品,可以将淀粉水解物氢化,产生被称作氢化淀粉水解物糖浆或麦芽糖醇糖浆的成分。这些HSH糖浆已经在很大程度上替代了之前在无糖口香糖中使用的山梨醇溶液,因为它们还可以作为粘合剂,起到改善口香糖的柔性及其它物理性质的作用。软化剂还常用于控制产品的润湿性(吸水性)。
将水性软化剂与甘油或丙二醇组合常常是希望的。达成此目的的一种方法是通过使用共蒸发糖浆,如US 4,671,961中所公开的,其并入本文作为参考。这些糖浆在含水量最小的单一可泵送液体中提供了这两种类型软化剂的益处。
有时,为了改善口香糖产品的稠度和稳定性,在口香糖中加入乳化剂。乳化剂也可有助于产品的柔软性。尽管也可以使用非离子乳化剂,如聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯和衍生自山梨醇的常见脂肪酸(月桂酸,棕榈酸,硬脂酸和油酸己糖醇酐(己糖醇酐和己糖二酐))的偏酯,但卵磷脂是最常用的乳化剂。使用时,乳化剂通常占口香糖组合物的0.5-2%。
适宜的表面活性剂包括的表面活性剂可以是钾、铵或钠的盐。钠盐包括阴离子表面活性剂,如烷基硫酸盐,包括月桂基硫酸钠、月桂醇聚醚硫酸钠等。其它钠盐包括月桂酰肌氨酸钠,巴西酸钠(sodiumbrasslate)等。适宜的铵盐包括甜菜碱衍生物,如椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱等。
在无糖口香糖的情况下,通常希望加入高强度甜味剂,以补偿由糖醇替代含糖口香糖中的蔗糖而导致的甜度下降。最近,趋势是在含糖口香糖中也加入高强度甜味剂以提高和扩大香味及甜度。高强度甜味剂(有时称作高效或人造甜味剂)可以定义成比蔗糖甜至少20倍的食品可接受的化学物质。常用高强度甜味剂包括阿斯巴甜,三氯蔗糖和乙酰磺胺酸-K。不太常用的有糖精,索马甜,阿力甜,纽甜,环拉酸盐,紫苏衍生的甜味剂,甜菊衍生的甜味剂,奇异果甜蛋白,应乐果甜蛋白和查耳酮。
高强度甜味剂的用量水平可以根据甜味剂的效力、当地市场偏好及其它可能赋予口香糖苦味的成分的性质和水平,在很大范围内变动。典型的水平在约0.01%至约2%的范围内,虽然某些应用可以规定超出该范围的用量。这些甜味剂可以按不同水平组合在一起,或与非高强度甜味剂组合,以对整个组合物产生甜味增效作用。
可以使用香料为口香糖产品赋予特征性的芳香和味道。大多数香料都是水不溶性液体,但水溶性液体和固体也是已知的。这些香料的起源可以是天然或人造(合成)的。天然香料和人造香料常常组合起来。也常见在令人愉悦的组合中将不同香料掺和在一起。尽管可用于口香糖的香料的范围几乎是无限的,但其通常落入几种宽的范畴。水果香料包括柠檬,橙,莱檬,葡萄柚,橘子,草莓,苹果,樱桃,覆盘子,黑莓,蓝莓,香蕉,菠萝,甜瓜,香瓜,西瓜,葡萄,醋栗,芒果,猕猴桃和许多其它水果,以及组合。薄荷香料包括留兰香,胡椒薄荷,冬青,罗勒,薄荷,薄荷醇和其它及其混合物。香辛料(spiceflavors)包括肉桂,香草,丁香,巧克力,肉豆蔻,咖啡,甘草,桉树,姜,豆蔻和许多其它香辛料。还使用的有植物和开胃香料(savoryflavors),如爆米花,辣椒,玉米片等。香料通常以口香糖成品的0.1-4%的水平使用。近年来,有增加香料水平以提供更高香味冲击力的趋势。
香料通常与各种载体和/或稀释剂一起共同干燥和囊封。例如,采用阿拉伯胶、淀粉、环糊精或其它载体的喷雾干燥香料因保护、控制释放、控制产品质地和较易处理以及其它原因,常用于口香糖中。当香料是这样的形式时,其通常必须增加用量水平,以补偿载体或稀释剂的存在。
本公开内容的口香糖(及任何口腔产品)可以使用各种增感剂(sensates)。通常,增感剂可以是任何导致例如口腔或皮肤清凉、发热、温热、麻刺或麻木感的化合物。清凉剂是三叉神经刺激剂,其赋予口腔、咽喉和鼻道以清凉感。最广为人知的清凉剂是薄荷醇,尽管其常常由于其芳香特性,以及是薄荷油的天然组分的事实而被看作香料。更多情况下,术语清凉剂是指其它用来产生清凉感而香味极微的天然或合成化学剂。常用清凉剂包括乙基对薄荷烷羧酰胺和其它N-取代对薄荷烷羧酰胺,N,2,3-三甲基-2-异丙基-丁酰胺及其它无环羧酰胺,戊二酸薄荷酯(香料提取物制造协会,Flavor Extract ManufacturingAssociation(FEMA 4006)),3-1-薄荷氧基丙烷-1,2-二醇,异胡薄荷醇,琥珀酸薄荷酯,薄荷醇丙二醇碳酸酯,薄荷醇乙二醇碳酸酯,乳酸薄荷酯,戊二酸薄荷酯,薄荷酮甘油缩酮,对薄荷烷-1,8-二醇,薄荷醇甘油醚,N-叔丁基对薄荷烷-3-羧酰胺,对薄荷烷-3-羧酸甘油酯,甲基-2-异丙基-双环(2.2.1)庚烷-2-羧酰胺,薄荷醇甲基醚和其它清凉剂及其组合。
清凉剂可以用来增强薄荷香料的清凉口感,或为水果和香辛料增添清凉感。清凉剂还提供清新口气的感觉,这是许多口香糖和甜食销售的基础。
清凉剂之外的三叉神经刺激剂也可以用于本公开内容的口香糖中。这些包括温热剂(warming agents),如辣椒素,辣椒油树脂,红辣椒油树脂,黑胡椒油树脂,胡椒碱,姜油树脂,姜酚,姜烯酚,肉桂油树脂,桂皮油树脂,肉桂醛,丁香酚,香草醛的环状缩醛,薄荷醇甘油醚和不饱和酰胺,以及麻刺剂如Jambu提取物,香草基烷基醚如香草基正丁基醚,金纽扣醇,紫锥花提取物和美洲花椒(NorthernPrickly Ash)提取物。这些组分中有一些还可以用作调味剂。
口香糖通常提供口腔护理利益。除了通过咀嚼动作提供对牙齿的机械清洁外,由咀嚼刺激产生的唾液、产品的香和味都在减少口臭、中和酸等方面提供有益特性。唾液还含有有益的多肽及其它可以改善口腔环境的组分。这些组分包括:抗微生物蛋白质,如溶菌酶,乳铁蛋白,过氧化物酶和富组蛋白;自发结晶的抑制剂,如富酪蛋白(statherin)。
本公开内容的口香糖可以提供这些利益以及本文所公开的利益,还可以用作递送专业口腔护理剂的媒介。这些专业口腔护理剂可以包括抗微生物化合物,如西吡氯铵(CPC),三氯生和氯己定;抗龋剂如钙和磷酸根离子,菌斑去除剂如磨料、表面活性剂和化合物/成分;菌斑中和剂,如铵盐,尿素和其它胺;抗牙垢/结石剂,如可溶性焦磷酸盐;抗口臭剂,如欧芹油和葡糖酸、乳酸、乙酸或柠檬酸的铜或锌盐,以及增白剂,如过氧化物;可以提供局部或全身抗炎作用以限制牙龈炎的剂,如COX-2抑制剂;可以减少牙本质过敏的剂,如抑制神经细胞传递的钾盐和封闭牙本质小管的磷酸钙。
某些香料,如胡椒薄荷、水杨酸甲酯、麝香草酚、桉油精、肉桂醛和丁香油(丁香酚),可能具有对口腔有益的抗微生物特性。这些香料的存在可以主要出于调味目的,或者可以特意因其抗微生物特性而加入。
某些矿物剂除了本公开内容所公开的对抗牙齿脱矿和增强牙齿再矿化之外,可能还对牙齿健康有益。这些成分包括氟化盐,牙齿磨料及其组合物。
牙色修正物质可以看作是有用的口腔护理活性剂。这些物质适用于修正牙齿颜色,使消费者满意,如列于CTFA化妆品成分手册第三版(CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Handbook,3rd Edition,Cosmetic andFragrances Associations Inc.,Wash.D.C.(1982))中者,该手册引入本文作为参考。具体例子包括滑石,云母,碳酸镁,硅酸镁,碳酸镁铝,二氧化硅,二氧化钛,氧化锌,红氧化铁,棕氧化铁,黄氧化铁,黑氧化铁,亚铁氰化铁铵,锰紫,群青,尼龙粉,聚乙烯粉及其混合物。
本公开内容的口香糖可以用于向咀嚼者递送生物活性剂。生物活性剂包括维生素,矿物质,抗氧化剂,营养补充剂,膳食补充剂,功能性食品成分(例如,益生素,益生菌,番茄红素,植物甾醇,甾烷醇/甾醇酯,ω-3脂肪酸,腺苷,叶黄素,玉米黄质,葡萄籽提取物,银杏,异硫氰酸酯等),OTC和处方药,疫苗,以及营养补充剂。
可能适宜采取某些步骤来增加或减少剂的释放速率,或者确保释放至少最小量的剂。这类措施如囊封,隔离活性剂,增加或减少与口香糖的水不溶性部分相互作用的措施,以及活性剂的肠溶包衣都可以用来达到该目的。
糖果/糖食
如前文讨论,本公开内容的口腔产品还可以是糖食产品的形式,包括,例如,硬糖,耐嚼糖果,包衣的耐嚼芯糖果,片状糖果,巧克力,牛扎糖,糖衣丸,糖食酱等。这些糖果或糖食产品可以包含任何的各种糖和甜味剂,调味剂和/或颜料,以及其它本领域已知和/或在上文对口香糖的讨论中所述的组分。此外,这些糖果或糖食产品可以用本领域已知的工艺条件和技术制备。
例如,硬糖可以主要含有玉米糖浆和糖,其名称来源于其仅含有1.0%-4%水分的事实。在外观上,这些类型的糖果为固体,但实际上它们是远低于其熔点的过冷液体。硬糖有不同的类型。玻璃型通常透明或用染料制成不透明;返砂型(grained types)由于截留了空气和/或水分而往往不透明。
出于说明性的目的,需要指出的是,用糖基(sugar base)制备沉积玻璃型的连续制备工艺通常如下。糖玉米浆混合物在高压蒸气加热的圆筒上铺开。快速热交换导致糖浆中的水蒸发。倒出煮过的糖浆,加入颜料和香料。将其直接传送至加料斗,然后直接倒入模具。将糖果传送至决定批料的形状和大小的分批辊轧机。糖果进入成形器,使各个单件定型成圆盘状,球状,桶状等。本公开内容可以制成任何形状,圆形,正方形,三角形等,也可以制成动物形状或任何其它可得到的新奇造型。然后将糖果冷却、包裹和包装。
对于返砂型的糖果,水和糖是基础组分,与其它成分混合,并在高温(290℉-310℉)下煮制,导致水变成蒸气。将产品转移至冷却轮,在那里将其收集成约150磅的批料,置于拉条机中使产品充气,加入香料。将糖果转移至分批辊轧机,在那里成形和定大小。然后糖果进入成形器,使各单件定型。糖果在35%的相对湿度下冷却,进入旋转鼓,用精制糖包衣。然后将糖果转移至90℉和60%湿度的返砂室4小时。截获的空气和水分导致产品返砂。
矿化或再矿化的方法
一般而言,牙齿表面的矿化或再矿化可以通过用本领域已知的条件和技术施用本公开内容的口腔产品来实现。不管口腔产品的形式如何,都希望其在口腔中持久,并且控制钙、钾和钠盐从口腔产品释放的速率,以优化产品使牙齿表面矿化或再矿化的效力。
例如,在口香糖的情况下,用法通常包括咀嚼口香糖至少5至约60分钟,或10至约30分钟。一般而言,鼓励受试者咀嚼口香糖一定的时间段,最少约5分钟,约10分钟,约15分钟,约20分钟或更长时间。
不受任何特定理论的约束,但本公开内容的发明者认为,通过使用钙盐与约3.0至约4.0的钠盐和钾盐的摩尔掺合物,提供了最佳的盐溶解度和矿化/再矿化作用。此外,在口腔中保留的时间延长的口腔产品中,本公开内容提供了高水平的钙和磷酸根离子在长时间内的稳定性和持续释放。还有,本公开内容提供了矿化/再矿化作用,而无需为矿化/再矿化作用而加入食品酸来刺激盐从口腔产品中释放并进入消费者的口腔。
实施例
作为示例而不是限制,以下实施例是对本公开内容的多种实施方案的举例说明,并且还说明了用根据本公开内容的实施方案的口腔护理产品进行的实验性测试。
实施例1:实验性测试
测试
本测试的目的是评价可溶性钙和磷酸盐组合的体外有效性。测试在印第安那大学(University of Indiana)进行。牙釉质样本(3x3x3mm直径窗)取自拔出的人齿,固定在丙烯酸杆上。用氧化铝浆对牙釉质表面进行打磨和抛光,用去离子水冲洗,并风干。然后牙釉质标本通过在pH调节至5的、由0.1mM乳酸和0.2wt%的Carbopol C907组成的部分饱和HAP酸缓冲液中浸泡96小时,形成人工损伤。每个标本用维氏(Vickers)金刚石加以200g的载荷15秒,制造4个基线压痕,压痕长度必须在25-45μm的范围内。然后牙釉质标本(N=18/处理)以每天为周期通过一系列溶液,重复8天期限。人工唾液,酸攻击和合并的全唾液溶液每天新制。处理后,评价牙釉质的微硬度,计算初始与最终微硬度间的差异,作为再矿化效力的度量。然后对数据进行统计分析,用ANOVA模型在α=0.05的水平上计算,进行总体处理比较。用双尾student t检验进行Post ANOVA配对比较。
处理周期
人工唾液和活性剂处理(1小时,每天4次)
表1
试剂 | 1L中溶解的量 | 摩尔浓度 |
KCl | 1.114g | K,Cl:14.9mM |
CaCl2·2H2O | 0.213g | Ca:1.45mM |
KH2PO4 | 0.738g | PO4:5.4mM |
NaCl | 1.658g | Na,Cl:6.5mM |
猪粘蛋白(粘度) | 2.200g | Ca:P=0.27[3]和I.S.=0.058 |
唾液处理(0.05ppm氟化物,每天30min)
酸攻击(pH 5.0的部分饱和HAP酸/卡伯波(carbopol)缓冲液,20min,每天3次)
潮湿环境下的唾液薄膜(过夜)
柠檬酸钙和柠檬酸钙+磷酸钙掺合物与乳酸钙的比较(见图1)
表2:体外pH循环模型评价的测试系列A的处理组
组 | Ca/PO4ppm | 盐(%) | Mg/15ml | |
1 | 乳酸钙五水合物 | 500 | 0.38% | 57.7 |
2 | 乳酸钙五水合物 | 1500 | 1.15% | 173 |
3 | 乳酸钙五水合物(NH4)2HPO4 | 500/709 | 0.38%0.1% | 57.714.8 |
4 | 乳酸钙五水合物NH2HPO4KH2PO4 | 500/709 | 0.38%0.1% | 5711.44.4 |
5 | 柠檬酸钙四水合物NH2HPO4KH2PO4 | 500/709 | 0.24%0.1% | 35.611.45.7 |
6 | 柠檬酸钙 | 811 | 0.38% | 57.7 |
结果
表3:统计分析
根据提供的数据,可以得出以下观察结果:
·乳酸钙在500和1500ppm分别未见明显的剂量效应。
·在乳酸钙(500ppm)溶液中加入磷酸盐(709ppm),提供了比单独的乳酸钙(分别为500和1500ppm)显著更高的牙釉质再硬化作用。这表明磷酸盐的加入是再矿化的关键驱动力。
·在相等的磷酸根离子浓度下,Na/K磷酸盐的摩尔掺合物提供了比磷酸二铵盐更高的牙釉质再硬化作用。这表明Na/K磷酸盐摩尔掺合物可能是比铵离子更好的pH缓冲剂。
·在相等的钙和磷酸根离子浓度下,含有柠檬酸根阴离子的溶液提供了比乳酸根阴离子更高的牙釉质再硬化作用。我们假设,三元柠檬酸根阴离子可能通过同时吸附到牙齿表面并螯合多价钙离子来提供矿化/再矿化模板。而乳酸根阴离子是一元的,可能不提供这种模板效应。
·在溶液中的质量百分比(0.38%)相等的情况下,柠檬酸钙(21%Ca)通过加入更高浓度的钙离子,提供比乳酸钙(13%Ca)更高的牙釉质再硬化。这表明更多钙的加入是矿化/再矿化的关键驱动力。
实施例2:口腔护理产品配方
表4:口香糖组合物
成分(重量%) | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | 实施例5 | 实施例6 | 实施例7 |
胶基 | 33.23 | 30.60 | 31.10 | 35.60 | 35.1 | 34.23 | 31.87 |
山梨醇 | 41.12 | 39.00 | 35.00 | 35.50 | 35.1 | 42.72 | 41.00 |
柠檬酸钙 | 6.75 | 7.50 | 10.00 | 8.50 | 4.50 | * | 3.34 |
甘油磷酸钙 | * | * | * | * | * | 7.75 | 3.34 |
囊封的磷酸钠(47%)和磷酸钾(13%) | 5.00 | 7.50 | 10.00 | * | * | 6.00 | 7.00 |
囊封的磷酸钠(35%)和磷酸钾(15%) | * | * | * | 6.00 | 12.00 | * | * |
碳酸钙 | 7.00 | 7.00 | 7.00 | 7.00 | 5.00 | 4.00 | 8.50 |
甘油 | 4.00 | 5.50 | 4.00 | 4.50 | 5.00 | 3.00 | 2.50 |
囊封的甜味剂 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.25 | 1.00 | 1.25 |
香料 | 1.30 | 1.30 | 1.30 | 1.30 | 1.50 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
薄荷醇 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.75 | * | * |
颜料 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.05 | 0.15 | 0.15 |
WS-23 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.50 | * | * |
高强度甜味剂 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.25 | 0.15 | 0.05 |
总重量% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% |
表5:口香糖组合物
成分(重量%) | 实施例8 | 实施例9 | 实施例10 | 实施例11 | 实施例12 | 实施例13 |
糖 | 50.50 | 32.30 | * | * | * | * |
木糖醇 | * | 32.30 | 63.60 | * | * | * |
山梨醇 | * | * | * | 63.60 | 40.90 | 20.00 |
甘露醇 | * | * | * | * | 12.00 | 25.00 |
胶基 | 19.20 | 19.20 | 19.60 | 19.60 | 25.50 | 30.00 |
玉米糖浆 | 15.90 | 1.40 | * | * | * | * |
甘油 | 1.40 | 12.90 | 12.90 | 12.90 | 5.60 | 8.00 |
清凉剂 | 0.20 | * | * | * | * | 0.50 |
香料 | 0.80 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 1.00 | 1.50 |
囊封的磷酸钠(47%)和磷酸钾(13%) | * | * | * | * | * | 7.50 |
囊封的磷酸钠 | 3.00 | * | 3.00 | * | 4.00 | * |
囊封的磷酸钾 | 3.00 | * | * | 3.00 | 4.00 | * |
囊封的柠檬酸钙 | * | * | * | * | 7.00 | * |
柠檬酸钙 | 6.00 | 6.00 | * | * | * | 7.50 |
总重量% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% |
表6:包衣组合物
成分(重量%) | 实施例14 | 实施例15 | 实施例16 | 实施例17 | 实施例18 | 实施例19 |
木糖醇 | 90.00 | 90.00 | 87.74 | * | * | * |
麦芽糖醇 | * | * | * | 80.10 | 74.70 | 67.2 |
麦芽糖醇粉末 | * | * | * | 10.00 | 15.00 | 20.00 |
阿拉伯胶 | 4.00 | 5.00 | 7.00 | 8.50 | 7.50 | 9.00 |
香料 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.66 | 0.70 | 0.90 | 0.5 |
二氧化钛 | 0.50 | 0.84 | - | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.5 |
滑石 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.2 |
蜡 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.2 |
颜料 | * | * | 1.40 | * | 0.20 | 0.40 |
囊封的磷酸钠(47%)和磷酸钾(13%) | 4.80 | * | * | * | * | * |
囊封的磷酸钠 | * | * | 3.00 | * | * | * |
囊封的磷酸钾 | * | * | * | 3.00 | * | * |
囊封的柠檬酸钙 | * | * | * | * | 1.00 | * |
磷酸钠 | * | * | * | * | * | 2.00 |
柠檬酸钙 | * | 4.00 | * | * | * | * |
总干重% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% |
表7:硬糖组合物
成分(重量%) | 实施例20 | 实施例21 | 实施例22 | 实施例23 | 实施例24 |
玉米糖浆 | 37.00 | * | * | 45.3 | * |
糖 | 46.50 | * | * | 45.0 | * |
多元醇 | * | 86.30 | 80.00 | * | 92.8 |
香料 | 1.00 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 5.0 | 3.5 |
颜料 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 1.00 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
囊封的磷酸钠和钾(50%磷酸钠和10%磷酸钾) | 7.50 | 5.00 | 8.50 | * | 3.00 |
柠檬酸钙 | 7.50 | 5.00 | 8.50 | 4.00 | * |
高强度甜味剂 | * | 0.20 | * | 0.20 | 0.3 |
总干重% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% |
表8:压制的薄荷糖组合物
成分(重量%) | 实施例25 | 实施例26 | 实施例27 | 实施例28 | 实施例29 |
山梨醇 | 82.85 | 93.85 | 87.85 | 96.85 | 94.85 |
香料 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
硬脂酸镁 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.95 |
高强度甜味剂 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 |
囊封的磷酸钠和钾(50%磷酸钠和10%磷酸钾) | 7.50 | 2.00 | 5.00 | * | 1.00 |
柠檬酸钙 | 7.50 | 2.00 | 5.00 | 1.00 | 2.00 |
总干重% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% |
表9:漱口剂组合物
成分(重量%) | 实施例30 | 实施例31 | 实施例32 |
柠檬酸钙 | 10.00 | * | * |
摩尔比3∶4的磷酸钠和磷酸钾 | * | 8.00 | * |
葡萄糖酸氯己定 | * | * | 0.12% |
乙醇 | 11.60 | 11.60 | 11.60 |
糖精钠 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 |
FD&C Blue No.1 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
胡椒薄荷油 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 |
甘油 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 |
吐温 | 50.00 | 50.00 | 50.00 |
水 | 17.74 | 19.74 | 27.63 |
总重% | 100% | 100% | 100% |
实施例33:将实施例30和31放置在分开的漱口剂组合物室内,在施予漱口剂时,它们同时释入消费者的口腔。
实施例34:将实施例30、31和32放置在分开的漱口剂组合物室内,在施予漱口剂时,它们同时释入消费者的口腔。
实施例35:将实施例30用作多层口香糖组合物的液体芯,带有实施例4的口香糖和实施例15的包衣组合物。
应该理解的是,对本文所述目前优选的实施方案的各种改变和修饰对本领域技术人员是显而易见的。这些改变和修饰可以在不背离本发明主题的精神和范围下做出,并且不减少其预期的优点。因此所附权利要求旨在涵盖这样的改变和修饰。
Claims (15)
1.口腔产品,包含:
柠檬酸钙;
由磷酸钠盐组成的钠盐;和
由磷酸钾盐组成的钾盐,其中磷酸钠盐与磷酸钾盐以摩尔比在3至4的范围囊封在一起,以及其中口腔产品以1.50至2.0的摩尔比释放钙盐和磷酸盐。
2.权利要求1的口腔产品,其中口腔产品向消费者的口腔中以1.5至2.0的摩尔比释放钙盐和磷酸盐。
3.权利要求1的口腔产品,其中磷酸钠盐和磷酸钾盐包括选自囊封、团聚、固定、截留及其组合的形式。
4.权利要求3的口腔产品,其中口腔产品中用于囊封的聚合物与盐的重量比为10:90至90:10。
5.权利要求3的口腔产品,其中磷酸钠盐和磷酸钾盐占囊封基质总重量的0.01%至80%。
6.权利要求1的口腔产品,包含分子量为1.5x103g/mol至150x103g/mol的囊封磷酸钠盐和磷酸钾盐的聚合物。
7.权利要求1的口腔产品,其中所述口腔产品包括双室漱口剂,该双室漱口剂包含在一个室中的磷酸钠盐和另一个室中的磷酸钾盐。
8.权利要求1的口腔产品,其中磷酸钠盐和磷酸钾盐被分开放置在口腔产品中,直至口腔产品向消费者口腔中释放磷酸钠盐和磷酸钾盐。
9.权利要求1的口腔产品,其中钙盐占口腔产品重量的1.0%至10.0%。
10.口香糖,包含
柠檬酸钙;
由磷酸钠盐组成的钠盐;及
由磷酸钾盐组成的钾盐,其中磷酸钠盐与磷酸钾盐的摩尔比在3至4的范围,以及其中口腔产品以1.50至2.0的摩尔比释放钙盐和磷酸盐。
11.权利要求10的口香糖,其中口香糖包括包衣。
12.权利要求11的口香糖,其中包衣包含磷酸钠盐和磷酸钾盐。
13.权利要求10的口香糖,其中口香糖包括至少两层,其中一层包含钙盐,另一层包含磷酸钠盐和磷酸钾盐。
14.权利要求10的口香糖,其中口香糖包括至少三层,其中一层包含钙盐,另一层包含磷酸钠盐,再一层包含磷酸钾盐。
15.口香糖,包含:
口香糖外壳,所述口香糖外壳包含柠檬酸钙;及
被口香糖外壳包裹的液体芯,液体芯包含由磷酸钠盐组成的钠盐和由磷酸钾盐组成的钾盐,其中磷酸钠盐与磷酸钾盐的摩尔比在3至4的范围。
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EP2307101A1 (en) | 2011-04-13 |
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US20080050407A1 (en) | 2008-02-28 |
RU2009131493A (ru) | 2011-02-27 |
EP2307101A4 (en) | 2015-03-11 |
RU2455974C2 (ru) | 2012-07-20 |
MX2009008303A (es) | 2010-03-04 |
US8518383B2 (en) | 2013-08-27 |
CA2677324A1 (en) | 2008-08-07 |
CA2677324C (en) | 2012-05-15 |
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