CN101682981B - 汽车控制装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种汽车控制装置,尤其是汽车发动机控制装置,该控制装置包括至少一个塑料基片,该塑料基片配有至少一个导电和/或导热元件。本发明提出,该塑料基片(1)至少部分具有至少一种构成所述元件的导电和/或导热的掺杂质(16,17)。此外,本发明还涉及特别是如上所述的用于汽车控制装置的塑料基片的一种制造方法。本发明提出,该塑料基片至少部分被掺杂以形成导电和/或导热的结构。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种汽车控制装置,尤其是汽车发动机控制装置,该控制装置包括至少一个塑料基片,该塑料基片配有至少一个导电和/或导热的元件。
此外,本发明还涉及用于汽车控制装置的塑料基片的一种制造方法。
背景技术
已知的汽车控制装置通常具有塑料基片,该塑料基片配有导电和/或导热元件,比如导电导体线路或冷却元件。在目前的这类控制装置的装配中,元件通常是通过使用所谓的SMT技术(表面贴装技术)被固定到塑料基片的表面上。在这里,元件例如被拧紧、粘接或夹紧在塑料基片上。这导致这类已知的汽车控制装置的制造需要大量的装配步骤。此外,较为复杂的电路只能以高昂的装配和设计费用来实现。
发明内容
根据本发明,塑料基片至少部分具有构成元件的导电和/或导热的掺杂质。也就是说,无传导能力的塑料基片部分具有掺杂质,该掺杂质是导电和/或导热的并且构成元件。因此,导电和/或导热元件由实际上无传导能力的基片本身(一起)构成,从而尤其是可实现一种特别节约结构空间的布置。此外,还可以将元件设置在塑料基片之中或之上的任何位置,从而能够容易地实现复杂的连接。塑料基片承担元件的机械固定以及保护元件免受外界影响的功能。那么可以说,元件被基片注塑包封或者收容。因此,通过有利的设计方案,控制装置被设计成特别坚固且耐用。掺杂质可以例如在塑料基片的液态/粘流态的状态下被注入塑料基片中,以便有针对性地进行定位。
按照本发明的一种改进方案,掺杂质构成电和/或热连接件。有利地,在塑料基片之中和/或之上布置至少一个电气/电子和/或热元件,该元件通过由掺杂质构成的电和/或热连接件被接触。该连接件有利地通过借助于至少一个激光束和/或借助于至少一个定向的至少是局部的电场和/或磁场进行局部熔化来形成。例如,借助于激光束可以实现塑料基片的局部熔化,局部熔化促使有传导能力的掺杂质流动成导电连接件,该导电连接件可以桥接塑料基片内的一大段距离。有利地,塑料基片为此至少在掺杂质区域内具有泡沫状结构。也可想到的是,通过定向的电场和/或磁场来形成电和/或热连接件,局部地使塑料基片处于液态/粘流态的状态。连接件也可以是通过在掺杂质区域内对塑料基片施加点压力而形成的连接件,其中,塑料基片局部地被压紧,从而形成有传导能力(在热和/或电方面)的连接件。
为此,塑料基片也是至少局部呈液态或粘流态。
有利地,导电和/或导热元件通过激光切割而具有至少一个分离点。因此,例如可以进行如下设计,导电和/或导热连接件具有通过激光切割形成的分离点。在此,可想到的是,提供塑料基片,该塑料基片配有多个电和/或热元件,这些元件通过多个有利的电和/或热连接件相互接触。有利地,构造塑料基片,使得元件之间的所有可能的连接件都存在。在此,例如通过激光切割可以通过切断至少一个存在的连接件来建立元件相互之间需要的连接。因此,对于以后的使用,只需断开不需要的连接件,其中,这可以按照如上所述的简单方式来进行。
根据本发明的一种改进方案,掺杂质构成插接连接件的电和/或热元件。有利地,塑料基片为此具有至少一个凸起和/或至少一个凹槽,其中,掺杂质设置在凸起或凹槽的区域内,使得掺杂质同与插接连接件连接的插头接触,从而形成导电和/或导热的插接连接件。为此,掺杂质有利地部分延伸至塑料基片的表面。掺杂质例如构成导电接触销,该接触销用于插入到插头的相应接触销容纳部中。塑料基片有利地具有多个突出的接触销,这些接触销具有上述掺杂质或者不同掺杂质,优选地还部分地具有用于改善接触的金属化表面。如果需要有传导能力(掺杂的)与无传导能力的塑料基片形成轮廓鲜明的边界,那么可想到的是,将由掺杂的即导电的基片构成的这些接触销或这个接触销插入以及在必要时附加地粘接和/或焊接在未掺杂的即无传导能力的基片的设置好的容纳部中。这个接触销或这些接触销与塑料基片的直接/一体的构造具有这样的优点,即获得与塑料基片的紧密连接。这特别是在塑料基片有利地被设计成控制装置的壳体或壳体部分时发挥作用。
此外,本发明还提出,掺杂质构成电气元件特别是电阻、电容器和/或电磁屏蔽件的至少一个区域。多个有传导能力的掺杂质在无传导能力的塑料基片中的优选为分层式布置构成电容器,其中,不同的掺杂质分别构成一个电容器电极。通过改变掺杂质/电容器板之间的(塑料)基片材料的介电性能,可实现不同的电容值。对于塑料基片的某些材料,改变电介体例如拉伸和/或延展塑料基片可以产生极化。极化也可以借助于激光束来实现。该激光束使在塑料基片中局部产生物理和/或化学的组织或结构变化。作为替代方案,被引入塑料基片中的掺杂质可以在汽化或熔化时通过在周围的塑料基片中直接或间接地输入热量,例如借助于激光束,来实现组织或结构变化并由此例如确定电容器的介电性能。有利地,掺杂质布置在延伸经过塑料基片的导体线路/连接件的区域内,以利用空间变化的局部的及在必要时也各向异性的传播常数有针对性地影响线路特性阻抗(实部和虚部),并且特别是在反射、串扰、屏蔽衰减、干扰放射和入射抵抗性、静电放电(ESD=静电放电)方面改善导体线路的信号完整性。优选地,为此将掺杂质设计成层状。
有利地,包围导体线路的塑料基片至少局部发泡,以特别是在HDR(高数据速率)线路上获得有利的传播性能(“低k”基片)。有利地,通过由多个具有不同的传导能力、导磁率和介电常数的掺杂基片层组成的层结构,掺杂质构成例如相对于信号地线的宽带高频过滤器或者屏蔽件。传导能力、导磁率和介电常数可通过相应地选择塑料基片和/或掺杂质的材料以及掺杂质在塑料基片中的定向和定形来影响。根据本发明的一种有利的改进方案,塑料基片具有至少一个干扰接收器和/或一个低阻抗吸收电路,以吸收塑料基片配有的电路结构之外的电磁干扰辐射。干扰接收器和/或吸收电路作为有传导能力的结构(“片状天线”)嵌入塑料基片经过针对性改变特别是通过掺杂质改变且具有合适的局部传导能力、导磁率和介电常数的材料环境。塑料基片中的至少一个片状结构有利地与分立的无源和/或有源的电子元件连接成电子电路,以能够有利地设计屏蔽和衰减特性。有利地,塑料基片构成控制装置的至少一个壳体部分,其中,塑料基片优选设有具有确定的导磁率和介电常数的掺杂质,以在某些波长范围内通过吸收减少电磁干扰放射和干扰入射以及避免控制装置的导体线路的壳体电磁共振和寄生的电感式和电容式耦合。
此外,本发明还提出,掺杂质构成至少一个冷却元件。为此,掺杂质有利地被设计成导热的热桥并通过在塑料基片中的局部注射和/或定向来实现。有利地,导热掺杂质例如借助于激光束被熔化,以达到局部提高导热性的目的。通过这种提高,实际上形成了局部的所谓的热通道或热嵌体。有利地,将构成冷却元件的掺杂质布置在塑料基片中并使之定向,使得热量从塑料基片内部向外输送。优选地,在基片的表面上还设有含有金属粉末的涂层,例如基于热塑性塑料且包含碳铁粉的分散体,以改善热辐射特性。
在一种优选的实施方式中,掺杂质由导电和/或导热的微粒和/或纤维构成。有利地,掺杂质由圆球形、杆形和/或其他形状的金属微粒或纤维构成,例如由填充有铜纤维的聚酰胺或者由碳纳米管(极小的管)构成。
有利地,微粒和/或纤维在塑料基片处于至少是局部呈粘流态/液态时,通过施加电磁场和/或通过重力而被定向和/或移动。
根据本发明的方法,塑料基片至少部分被掺杂以形成导电和/或导热结构。由此在塑料基片中形成导电和/或导热元件。
优选地,塑料基片或掺杂质通过直接或间接输入热量(例如借助于激光束)被熔化,以形成上述结构,其中,掺杂质的熔化可使连接件形成或破坏。塑料基片有利地至少在掺杂质区域内被制成泡沫状。
有利地,掺杂质在塑料基片的至少局部呈液态的状态下借助于至少是局部的电和/或磁场被定向,以形成上述结构。
最后,本发明提出,使掺杂质定向和/或例如通过熔化使之成形,从而使掺杂质构成电和/或热连接件,插接连接件的电和/或热元件,电元件特别是电阻、电容器和/或电磁屏蔽件的至少一个区域,和/或冷却元件。
附图说明
下面借助几个图详细描述本发明。为此,
图1A和1B示出了带有电连接件的有利的塑料基片的实施例,
图2A和2B示出了带有电连接件的有利的塑料基片的第二实施例,
图3A至3C示出了连接件断开的有利的塑料基片的实施例,
图4A至4C示出了带有插接连接件的有利的塑料基片的实施例,
图5示出了带有集成的电容器的有利的塑料基片的实施例,
图6示出了带有用于改善信号完整性的分层式掺杂质的有利的塑料基片的实施例,
图7示出了带有集成的冷却元件的有利的塑料基片的实施例。
具体实施方式
图1A用示意图示出了在此未详细示出的汽车发动机控制装置的有利的塑料基片1的一个实施例。多个电子元件2至5布置在该塑料基片1中或者被该塑料基片1注塑包封/容纳。电子元件2至5的每一个具有两个电接点6,7或者8,9或者10,11或者12,13,其中,一个元件2至5的每一个电接点6至13分别与相邻的电子元件的一个电接点6至13对置。此外,塑料基片1具有多个区域,这些区域具有导电掺杂质14,15和16。各自的掺杂质14,15,16由金属纤维17组成,这些金属纤维无方向性地位于塑料基片1中。掺杂质14至16在这里分别设置在两个相对的电接点6至13之间。根据掺杂质14至16的密度,保证在相对的电接点6至13之间没有形成电连接件或者形成或强或弱的电连接件。在制造本发明的塑料基片1时,掺杂质14至16例如在塑料基片1仍然呈液态/粘流态的状态下被注射到相应的区域内。
图1B示出了图1A的塑料基片1,其中,在电子元件3和5之间的掺杂质16通过外部施加的磁场18被集中和/或定向,从而微粒17构成导电元件,即从电子元件3的电接点9到电子元件5的电接点10的导电连接件。在这里,塑料基片1有利地还处于粘流态或液态的状态下。通过局部定向的磁场18,使金属纤维17定向,并保证了只在电子元件3和5之间形成电连接件,而对其他掺杂质15和14没有影响。作为替代方案,也可想到的是,使塑料基片1局部地在掺杂质16的区域内液化,然后通过电和/或磁场使掺杂质16定向。
通过在图1A和1B中所示的塑料基片1以及如在图1A和1B中所示的用于形成电子元件3和5之间的电连接件的方法,能够形成多个同类塑料基片,其中,单独地以简单的方式来形成需要的电连接件。因此,能够简单且成本低廉地形成基于同类基片的高的变体多样性。
作为施加电场和/或磁场18的替代方案,同样可行的是,通过点压力在掺杂质14,15或16之一的区域内压紧塑料基片1,使得在电子元件2至5中的至少两个之间形成导电连接件,其中,塑料基片为此有利地处于特别是局部呈液态或粘流态的状态下。
图2A和2B以示意示出的实施例示出了用于在前面附图中的两个电子元件4和5之间形成电连接件的另一种可能方案。电子元件4和5设置在塑料基片1的底部区域上,其中,它们的电接点11,12如上面所述相互对置。图2A示出了由金属微粒和/或金属纤维构成的掺杂质15,该掺杂质处于未定向或者无方向的状态下。为了在电子元件4和5之间形成可靠的电子连接件,有利地通过输入热量例如借助于激光束,使塑料基片1以及掺杂质15在掺杂质15的区域内熔化。在这里,掺杂质15由于重力作用在底部区域内流到一起形成电连接件19。有利地,塑料基片1至少局部地在掺杂质15的区域内被设计成泡沫状。
图3A至3C以另一个有利的实施例示出了塑料基片1。图3A示出了处于初始状态的带有电子元件4和5的塑料基片1,电子元件4和5对置的电接点12和11通过借助于掺杂质15形成的电连接件20相互连接。电连接件20在这里可以通过在塑料基片1的粘流态的状态下施加电磁场而形成。在本实施例中,在制造塑料基片1时,形成被布置在塑料基片1中的电子元件(2至5)之间的所有可能的电或热连接件。为了获得需要的连接,如在图3B和3C中所示,将不需要的连接件20断开。
图3B示出了图3A的塑料基片1,其中,通过局部输入热量例如借助于激光束,电连接件20被汽化,由此电子元件4和5的电连接被断开。
图3C示出了图3A的带有断开的连接件20的塑料基片1,其中,在这里,与在图3B所示的实施例不同,连接件20被熔化。为了使连接件的汽化或熔化变得容易,塑料基片有利地特别是在连接件20的区域内被设计成泡沫状。作为在图3B和3C中所示的实施例的替代方案,也可想到的是,在塑料基片的至少局部呈液态/粘流态的状态下通过相应定向的电场和/或磁场断开电连接件20。当然也可行的是,在整个塑料基片1的液态/粘流态的状态下通过局部定向的电和/或磁场断开电连接件20。
图4A至4C以一个实施例示出了塑料基片1到目前为止尚未示出的部分。所示部分被设计成插接连接件21的一部分。为此,塑料基片1在一个自由端部22上具有边缘敞开的凹槽23,与塑料基片1一体形成的销状凸起24伸入该凹槽中,使得插入凹槽23内的插入元件可以套在凸起24上。在凸起24的区域内,塑料基片1具有导电掺杂质25。该导电掺杂质25被设计成集中在凸起24的区域内,使得凸起24用作电接触销26(或者导电元件26)。有利地,接触销26的表面具有金属化部27,以保证良好的电接触。通过相应地形成掺杂质25和/或使之定向,接触销26可以特别是如上面所述与塑料基片1的电子元件连接。在插接连接件21的一种替代实施方式(在此未示出)中,不是形成具有掺杂质25的凸起24,而是形成被掺杂质和塑料基片包围的接触销容纳部。
为了实现在塑料基片1有传导能力即掺杂的区域25与塑料基片无传导能力的区域之间的轮廓鲜明的边界,可想到的是,如在图4B中所示,由掺杂的导电塑料基片27形成接触销26,该导电塑料基片插入无传导能力的塑料基片1的设置好的凹槽28中并有利地粘接或焊接在该凹槽中。同样可想到的是,借助于机械压紧或卡紧方案将构成接触销26的塑料基片27固定在塑料基片1中。
为此,图4C示出了由塑料基片27构成的接触销26,该接触销插入塑料基片1的容纳部28内。在接触销26与凹槽23相对的一侧上,接触销平放在导体线路45的容纳部29中,该线路同样是形成或布置在塑料基片1中。
图5以另一个实施例示出了塑料基片1的另一个到目前为止尚未示出的部分。塑料基片1的所示部分具有集成的电容器30,该电容器由分层式掺杂质构成。在这里,电容器31的电容器板分别由相应布置并定向的掺杂质31或32构成,其中,可以如上面所述的那样布置掺杂质和使之定向。通过改变塑料基片1在电容器板之间的区域内的介电性能,同样能够实现不同的电容值。在这里,可以使用不同的技术来改变介电常数。一方面,通过拉伸和/或延展塑料基片来实现一定的极化。例如也可以借助于激光束来实现塑料基片1和/或掺杂质31,32中的物理和/或化学的组织和/或结构变化。
图6以另一个示意示出的实施例示出了塑料基片1,该塑料基片1具有一个紧挨一个设置的多个不同的掺杂层33,34和35。此外,特别是多芯线数据电缆36延伸穿过塑料基片1,在这里只简化地示出该数据电缆。不同的层33至35具有不同的传导能力、导磁率和介电常数,这是通过相应的掺杂质特别是关于定向、定形和材料方面来实现。因此,显著提高了数据电缆36的信号完整性,特别是关于线路特性阻抗(实部和虚部)方面。特别地,在反射、串扰、屏蔽衰减、干扰放射和入射抵抗性和/或ESD保护(静电放电)方面改善了信号完整性。有利地,塑料基片在数据电缆36的周围被设计成泡沫状,以特别是在HDR(高数据速率)导线上实现有利的传播性能(“低k”基片)。借助于在图6中所示的塑料基片1的结构,可构造出例如相对于信号地线(36)的宽带高频过滤器或者屏蔽件。
图7用最后一个实施例示出了带有由掺杂质37构成的冷却元件的塑料基片1。掺杂质37由导热微粒39构成,借助于电场和/或磁场使这些微粒定向,使得热量从内部特别是从电子元件2向外输送。塑料基片1在其外侧具有多个构成冷却片40的凸起41,这些凸起同样具有掺杂质37。为了加强散热,例如可以借助于激光束使微粒39熔化,以实现导热微粒39的局部积聚。通过这种积聚,形成了局部的热通道或热嵌体。有利地,冷却片40具有金属粉末涂层42,以改善热辐射特性。因此,掺杂质37在这里不仅构成冷却元件38而且也构成例如从一个设置在塑料基片1中的电子元件向外传递的导热连接件43。有利地,塑料基片1被设计成为发动机控制装置的壳体部分44。
Claims (11)
1.汽车控制装置,该控制装置包括至少一个塑料基片,该塑料基片配有至少一个导热元件,其特征在于,塑料基片(1)在其外侧具有多个构成冷却片(40)的凸起(41),所述凸起设有由导热微粒(39)构成的掺杂质(37),其中所述冷却片(40)还设有金属粉末涂层(42)。
2.如权利要求1所述的控制装置,其特征在于,所述汽车控制装置为汽车发动机控制装置。
3.如权利要求1所述的控制装置,其特征在于,所述掺杂质(37)构成热连接件(43)。
4.如权利要求1所述的控制装置,其特征在于,所述掺杂质(37)由导热微粒(39)构成,所述导热微粒借助于电场和/或磁场被定向,使得热量从内部向外输送。
5.如权利要求1所述的控制装置,其特征在于,所述塑料基片(1)至少作为所述控制装置的壳体部分(44)。
6.用于汽车控制装置的塑料基片的制造方法,其特征在于,使塑料基片(1)在其外侧具有多个构成冷却片(40)的凸起(41),所述凸起设有由导热微粒(39)构成的掺杂质(37),以及其中所述冷却片(40)还设有金属粉末涂层(42)。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法被用于制造如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的用于汽车控制装置的塑料基片。
8.如权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,使所述塑料基片局部地熔化。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,所述塑料基片在掺杂质区域内熔化。
10.如权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,在粘流态/液态的状态下给所述塑料基片施加局部定向的电场和/或磁场。
11.如权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,在局部粘流态/液态的状态下给所述塑料基片施加定向的电场和/或磁场。
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DE200710025233 DE102007025233A1 (de) | 2007-05-31 | 2007-05-31 | Steuergerät eines Kraftfahrzeugs |
DE102007025233.3 | 2007-05-31 | ||
PCT/EP2008/053044 WO2008145425A1 (de) | 2007-05-31 | 2008-03-13 | Steuergerät eines kraftfahrzeugs |
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CN101682981A CN101682981A (zh) | 2010-03-24 |
CN101682981B true CN101682981B (zh) | 2012-12-12 |
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EP (1) | EP2156713B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2010528481A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101682981B (zh) |
DE (1) | DE102007025233A1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2008145425A1 (zh) |
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KR101300587B1 (ko) * | 2009-12-09 | 2013-08-28 | 한국전자통신연구원 | 반도체 소자의 제조 방법 |
DE102012201177A1 (de) * | 2012-01-27 | 2013-08-01 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Kunststoffummantelter Bauelementeträger mit Leiterplatten-Vias |
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- 2008-03-13 WO PCT/EP2008/053044 patent/WO2008145425A1/de active Application Filing
- 2008-03-13 EP EP08717788A patent/EP2156713B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2008-03-13 JP JP2010509759A patent/JP2010528481A/ja active Pending
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Also Published As
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WO2008145425A1 (de) | 2008-12-04 |
EP2156713B1 (de) | 2013-02-13 |
EP2156713A1 (de) | 2010-02-24 |
CN101682981A (zh) | 2010-03-24 |
JP2010528481A (ja) | 2010-08-19 |
DE102007025233A1 (de) | 2008-12-04 |
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