CN101671639B - 一种苏云金芽孢杆菌及其l-薄荷醇的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种苏云金芽孢杆菌及其l-薄荷醇的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种苏云金芽孢杆菌及其L-薄荷醇制备方法。苏云金芽孢杆菌保藏号为CGMCC No.3189。方法步骤:1)从斜面接种苏云金芽孢杆菌于摇瓶培养种子液;2)将种子液接入1~2L发酵培养基培养;3)将发酵培养后得到的培养液体离心除去菌体得到含有胞外脂肪酶的发酵上清液,用盐酸或氢氧化钠溶液调节pH值;4)在发酵上清液中加入八异构体外消旋薄荷醇酯进行不对称水解反应,得到L-薄荷醇及未水解的薄荷醇酯;5)用正己烷萃取,得到混合物采用柱状色谱分离,分离,得到L-薄荷醇。提出苏云金芽孢杆菌,并且该菌能分泌的高效的脂肪酶。能够高效选择性的催化水解八异构体外消旋乙酸薄荷醇酯或八异构体外消旋丙酸薄荷醇酯混合物,得到高纯度的L-薄荷醇。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种苏云金芽孢杆菌及其L-薄荷醇制备方法。
背景技术
薄荷醇是目前具有重要工业价值的化合物,它具有八个立体构型的异构体,但它们之间气味和功效存在很大差异。L-薄荷醇具有新鲜、轻快的凉气,很强的清凉效果,而其他的几个异构体却基本不具备这两方面的效果。由于受季节变化和不良耕作,以及本身薄荷种植量的影响,天然的L-薄荷醇有时候往往不能满足需求,不足部分需要由合成薄荷醇来满足。
如果合成得到的薄荷醇是消旋薄荷醇,其气味和味道均明显劣于天然存在的L-薄荷醇,所以从消旋薄荷醇中分离L-薄荷醇的方法显得非常重要。薄荷醇的拆分主要包是化学拆分和生物拆分。其中生物拆分相对简单,拆分转化率高,更适用于工业化生产,因此生物拆分也吸引了大量研究者的眼光,主要有不对称水解和不对称酯化两大途径。
不对称水解反应。通常将DL-薄荷醇进行酯化反应后生成DL-薄荷酯后,再利用酶对酯的立体选择性水解进行拆分,获得一个对映体薄荷醇和一个不反应的对映体薄荷酯。Zaks等较早报道了此类拆分,在固定化小红酵母(Rhodotorula minuta)细胞催化下,消旋体丁二酸薄荷酯在水饱和的正庚烷非水介质中水解生成L-薄荷醇,其对映体过量达100%。此反应利用了小红酵母细胞产生的脂肪酶对消旋体丁二酸薄荷酯的高度专一性水解特性。(Zaks A.,Klianov A.M.Enzymatic catalysis in organic media at 100℃[J].Science,1984,224:1249-1251)。Gatfield等采用自皱摺假丝酵母的重组脂肪酶对DL-苯甲酸薄荷酯进行水解时,令人惊奇地以对映体过量(ee值)大于99%、选择性(E值)大于100得到了L-薄荷醇。相比之下,使用市售自皱摺假丝酵母脂肪酶对DL-苯甲酸薄荷酯催化水解具有明显低的对映选择性(Ian-Lucas G.,Ens-Michael H.,Uwe B.,etal.Method for preparing D-or L-menthol:EP,1223223[P].2002207217)。Sandra等也研究了从假丝酵母微生物中获得的脂肪酶LIP1,对酯化的薄荷酯进行水解拆分,可以获得对映体过量(ee值)大于99%的L-薄荷醇。当使用商用酶时选择性(E值)仅为15,而使用不同类型的同工酶可以获得大于100的选择性(E值)(SandraV.,Uwe T.B.,Ian G.,et al.Enantioselective hydrolysis of D,L-menthyl benzoate to L-(-)-menthol by recombinant Candida rugosa lipase LIPI[J].Adv.Synth.Catal.,2002,344(10):1152-1155)。徐岩等开发了一种全细胞生物法立体选择性水解DL-脂肪酸薄荷酯制备L-薄荷醇的方法DL-脂肪酸薄荷酯催化水解可以获得40%-50%(ee>90%)的L-薄荷醇(徐岩,于丽娟.一种全细胞生物法立体选择性水解DL-脂肪酸薄荷酯制备L-薄荷醇的方法:CN,1978659[P].2007-06-13)。
不对称酯化反应拆分。Klibanow开创了非水介质中酶反应体系,大大推动了酶拆分技术(Zaks A.,Klibanov A.M.Enzymatic catalysis in organic mediaat100℃[J].Science,1984,224:1249-1251)。2005年,Lu等研究了不同反应介质中假丝酵母脂肪酶不对称酯化拆分DL-薄荷醇。结果表明对照有机溶剂体系,脂肪酶在反胶束体系中具有更高的稳定性,并能够保持更长时间的活性。产物对映体过量较高(ee值92.5%),但转化率一般(Lu Z.X.,Chu Y.,Han Y.C.,et al.Enzymaticesterification of DL-menthol with propionic acid by lipase from Candida cylindracea[J].J.Chem.Technol.Biotechnol.,2005,80(2):1365-1370)。Xu等人研究发现用酸酐做酰基供体比用羧酸时酶具有更好的稳定性,用分批补料反应器进行脂肪酶催化的DL-薄荷醇与酸酐的对映选择性酯化,此法可获得对映体过量(ee值)大于98%的L-薄荷醇(Xu J.H.,Kawamoto T.,Tanaka A.Efficient Kinetic Resolutionof DL-menthol by Lipase Catalyzed Enantioselective Esterification with AcidAnhydride in Fed-batch Reactor[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,1995,43(3):402-407)。对于DL薄荷醇的酯化或者转酯化研究已有很多,但最好的对映体选择性基本只能保证98%以上。
上述研究都是以DL-薄荷醇酯或者DL-薄荷醇为初始底物进行水解或者酯化拆分。而如果以八异构体外消旋薄荷醇酯或者薄荷醇为底物直接拆分更具工业化应用价值。因为工业合成L-薄荷醇的初步产品普遍是外消旋混合物而非单一的DL-薄荷醇,然而以八异构体外消旋混合物为底物直接拆分对生物催化剂的选择性有更高的要求。当前对八异构体外消旋混合物直接拆分的研究很少。1986年Takashi等研究了从土壤中分离得到的假单胞菌NOF-5(PseudomonasNOF-5)分别催化薄荷醇八异构体的水解情况,其中DL-乙酸薄荷酯和DL-乙酸异薄荷酯能被催化发生不对称水解反应,分别可以获得适量的L-薄荷醇和D-乙酸薄荷酯,以及L-异薄荷醇和D-乙酸异薄荷酯;而DL-乙酸新异薄荷酯全被水解成DL-新异薄荷醇,DL-乙酸新薄荷酯并不能被水解。该研究发现的酶虽然对DL-薄荷醇有立体选择性,但是对其它的非对映异构体也有很大程度的水解活力,故并未将八异构体混合在一起进行拆分。(Takashi I.,Hiroo U.Reaction ofesterase of Pseudomonassp.NOE-5 on terpene alcohols and esters.Part I.Biochemical resolution of(±)-menthol by Pseudomonas sp.NOE-5 isolated from soil[J].Nippon Nogei Kagaku Kaishi,1986,60(11):921-926)。南非CSIR公司以八异构体薄荷醇为底物进行酶促不对称转酯化拆分,重点进行了醇酯分离和无效体的再利用研究,提高了底物的利用效率,但是在实施例中未见具体的拆分过程和结果(珍妮弗·安·查普林.制备(-)薄荷醇及类似化合物的方法:CN,1452603[P].2003-10-29)。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的不足,提供一种苏云金芽孢杆菌及其L-薄荷醇制备方法。
苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis),保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏号为CGMCC No.3189。
所述的苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)分泌的胞外酶为脂肪酶(Bacillus thuringiensis lipase)。
L-薄荷醇的制备方法包括如下步骤:
1)从斜面接种苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)于摇瓶培养种子液20~30小时;
2)将种子液以5~10%接种量接入1~2L发酵培养基培养20~30小时,培养温度为20~30℃;
3)将发酵培养后得到的培养液在8,000~10,000g的离心力,4~6℃下离心除去菌体得到含有胞外脂肪酶的发酵上清液,初始pH为7~8,用盐酸或氢氧化钠溶液调节pH值至3~12。
4)在50~1000ml发酵上清液中加入50~700mmol/L八异构体外消旋薄荷醇酯进行不对称水解反应,得到L-薄荷醇及未水解的薄荷醇酯,其反应温度为20~40℃。
5)用1~3倍体积的正己烷萃取,得到的L-薄荷醇及薄荷醇醇酯混合物采用柱状色谱分离,洗脱液为1∶8~1∶10的乙酸乙酯和正己烷混合液,分离,在70~80℃下低压蒸馏除去溶剂,得到L-薄荷醇。
所述的八异构体外消旋薄荷醇酯为:乙酸薄荷醇酯;丙酸薄荷醇酯。
所述的液培养基和发酵液培养基成份组成为:
吐温80 7~10g/L,
酵母抽提物 5~10g/L,
氯化钠 0.8~1.2g/L,
无水硫酸镁 0.15~0.25g/L,
磷酸氢二钾 1.5~2.5g/L。
本发明提出了一种苏云金芽孢杆菌,并且该菌能分泌的高效的脂肪酶。其特征在于,该胞外酶能够高效选择性的催化水解八异构体外消旋乙酸薄荷醇酯或八异构体外消旋丙酸薄荷醇酯混合物,得到高纯度的L-薄荷醇。
附图说明
图1(a)是反应前八异构体外消旋丙酸薄荷醇酯原料GC谱图;
图1(b)是在L-薄荷醇标准样出峰位置即保留时间12分钟位置比;
图1(C)是标准L薄荷醇样品谱图。
具体实施方式
苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis),于2009年7月10日,保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏号为CGMCC No.3189
依据本发明的方法,产物对映体过量(ee值)的大于99%,产物非对映体过量(de值)大于98%。
产物ee值计算:
产物de值计算:
其中Al,Ad,Ar分别表示产物中L-薄荷醇的含量,D-薄荷醇的含量,除L-薄荷醇外其他异构体含量之和。本发明中采用评价的转化率为有效转化率,即已水解的的L-薄荷醇酯占底物初始L-薄荷醇酯的比例。
产物的转化率和ee值以及de值通过装载有CP手性柱的气相色谱来测定计算,本发明中所有气相检测条件均一致。140℃柱温,进样器温度260℃,检测器温度250℃,氮气为载气。L-薄荷醇标准样购买于Alfa Aesar中国分公司,在本发明GC条件下出峰保留时间为12分钟。八异构体外消旋丙酸薄荷醇酯出峰保留时间在16~20分钟之间。图1是丙酸薄荷醇酯L-薄荷醇GC谱图,(a)为反应前八异构体外消旋丙酸薄荷醇酯原料GC谱图,(b)为水解后GC谱图。(b)中在L-薄荷醇标准样出峰位置即保留时间12分钟位置比(a)图明显多出一个峰,可肯定其产物主要为L-薄荷醇。图(C)为标准L薄荷醇样品谱图。
由于本发明产物ee值和de值很高,分别高于99%和98%。因此从(a),(b)图中对比原料峰的变化可以看出,除一个峰有明显降低外,其他峰形及之间面积比基本无变化,由此可以断定明显降低的峰即为L-丙酸薄荷醇酯。根据反应后谱图(b)八异构体外消旋丙酸薄荷醇酯其他异构体的峰面积可计算出初始L-丙酸薄荷醇酯峰面积,而又可从(b)图中直接读出剩余L-丙酸薄荷醇酯峰面积,从而计算消耗的L-丙酸薄荷醇酯峰面积,即有效转化率。该方法完全消除了萃取过程中的误差,理论计算误差小于2%。
用于本发明方法的八个薄荷醇酯衍生物,例如下式化合物:
其中:
R代表氢,直链或支化的C1~C10烷基、C3~C8环烷基、C6~C14芳基、C7~C15芳基烷基、C1~C20烷氧基或C1~C20烷基氨基,其中上述烃基能够任选由羟基、甲酰基、氧基、C1~C6烷氧基、羧基、巯基、氨基、C1~C6烷氧氨基、硝基或卤素单取代或多取代。
优选的八异构体外消旋薄荷醇酯为脂肪酸的薄荷醇酯。例如,可以述及以下酯:八异构体外消旋丙酸薄荷醇酯、八异构体外消旋乙酸薄荷醇酯。
特别优选八异构体外消旋丙酸薄荷醇酯。
本发明发现的苏云金芽孢杆菌分泌的胞外脂肪酶为本发明分离八异构体外消旋薄荷醇酯制备L-薄荷醇的催化剂。
本发明中八异构体外消旋薄荷醇酯中各对异构体含量为:DL薄荷醇酯57%,新异薄荷醇酯3%,新薄荷醇酯13%,异薄荷醇酯27%
实施例1菌种的筛选
通过对薄荷地,薄荷盆栽,日化用品工厂周边土样8份进行分离筛选,获得了120株平板上具有不同性状、长势比较好的菌株,然后对120支菌株进行初筛和复筛。用双平板显色法对分离得到的120菌株进行初次筛选,挑选得到8株能优先水解L-乙酸薄荷酯的菌株。对得到的8株菌种再进行复筛,分离纯化得到本发明所述的菌种。
实施例2菌种的鉴定
本发明的菌种通过提取基因组序列,16sRNA测序。将得到的序列与RCSB Protein Data Bank中的序列进行比对,得到相似度99%以上的菌种为苏云金芽孢杆菌和腊状芽孢杆菌。而后又通过硝酸盐还原,V-P,木糖利用,甘露醇利用,卵黄利用,酪蛋白利用等生理生化实验鉴定该菌种为苏云金芽孢杆菌。
实施例3菌种产酶部位和酶类的考察
将培养24小时的菌液高速离心除去菌体,离心出来的菌体重新悬浮于相同体积的生理盐水中配成菌悬液,分别向上清液和菌悬液中加入八异构体丙酸薄荷醇酯,底物浓度为50mM,反应24小时后,产物由GC检测。菌悬液中有效转化率为30%,ee值>99%,de值为97.9%;上清液中有效转化率为72%,ee值>99%,de值为98.5%。可见这种水解酶为胞外酶。将5ml磷酸缓冲液(pH=7.5,0.02 5mol/l)和4ml,聚乙烯醇橄榄油乳化液加入50ml锥形瓶中,置于37℃水浴中保温5min,然后在瓶中加入1ml该胞外酶液,并滴入3滴石蕊指示剂,继续保温,30分钟后发现溶液变红色,说明该胞外酶能水解橄榄油生成酸,即认定该酶为脂肪酶。
实施例4菌体最佳培养温度的确定
菌体培养温度不仅影响细菌生长,也影响了胞外酶的分泌量。选择25℃,30℃,35℃,40℃等温度点对产酶量进行考察。将菌体分别于25℃,30℃,35℃,40℃下培养24小时,加入底物,统一于30℃,200rpm摇床中进行转化。菌体浓度根据其OD值来判断。结果发现,在25-40℃下培养24小时,菌体浓度相差不大,因为24小时后菌体生长已达到稳定期,故最终浓度相差不大。而酶活为在30℃下培养的培养液最高,25℃,35℃,40℃下培养液的酶活分别为30℃培养液酶活的80%,43%和25%。因此确定30℃为菌体最佳产酶温度,即最佳培养温度。
实施例5反应液(即含胞外酶上清液)的制备
将菌种从斜面接种,进行种子液摇瓶培养24小时。然后将种子液按5%接种量接入2L生物反应器,搅拌培养24小时。将得到的培养液在10,000g的离心力,4℃除去菌体得到上清液。此上清即作为薄荷醇酯水解的反应液。测定其初始pH为7.5。培养基成分为:7.5g/L酵母抽提物,10g/L吐温80,0.2g/L无水硫酸镁,2g/L,磷酸氢二钾,1g/L氯化钠。
实施例6八异构体外消旋乙酸薄荷醇酯不对称水解
取实施例5中制备的反应液50ml加入500ml摇瓶中,然后加入3.36g(15mmol)八异构体外消旋乙酸薄荷醇酯,30℃下,200rpm摇床振荡反应20小时。2倍体积正己烷萃取后,GC测定结果,有效转化率为23%,生成L-薄荷醇0.15g,ee值>99%,de值为96%。
实施例7八异构体外消旋丙酸薄荷醇酯不对称水解
取实施例5中制备的反应液50ml加入500ml摇瓶中,然后加入3.54g(15mmol)八异构体外消旋丙酸薄荷醇酯,30℃下,200rpm摇床振荡反应20小时。2倍体积正己烷萃取后,GC测定结果,有效转化率为21%,生成L-薄荷醇0.14g,,ee值>99%,de值为99%。
实施例8不同pH条件下八异构体外消旋丙酸薄荷醇酯不对称水解
取实施例5中制备的反应液50ml加入500ml摇瓶中,然后加入0.59g(2.5mmol)八异构体外消旋丙酸薄荷醇酯,30℃下,200rpm摇床振荡反应19小时。2倍体积正己烷萃取后,GC测定结果,有效转化率为58%,生成L-薄荷醇0.06g,ee值>99%,de值为98.5%。
取实施例5中制备的反应液50ml加入500ml摇瓶中,加入微量盐酸溶液调节pH至3,然后加入0.59g(2.5mmol)八异构体外消旋丙酸薄荷醇酯,30℃下,200rpm摇床振荡反应19小时。2倍体积正己烷萃取后,GC测定结果,有效转化率为16%,生成L-薄荷醇0.018g,ee值>99%,de值为98.6%。
取实施例5中制备的反应液50ml加入500ml摇瓶中,加入微量NaOH溶液调节片pH至12,然后加入0.59g(2.5mmol)八异构体外消旋丙酸薄荷醇酯,30℃下,200rpm摇床振荡反应19小时。2倍体积正己烷萃取后,GC测定结果,有效转化率为7%,生成L-薄荷醇0.008g,ee值>99%,de值为98.8%。
实施例9不同温度下八异构体外消旋丙酸薄荷醇酯不对称水解
取实施例5中制备的反应液50ml加入500ml摇瓶中,然后加入0.59g(2.5mmol)八异构体外消旋丙酸薄荷醇酯,20℃下,200rpm摇床振荡反应19小时。2倍体积正己烷萃取后,GC测定结果,有效转化率为45%,生成L-薄荷醇0.05g,ee值>99%,de值为98.3%。
取实施例5中制备的反应液50ml加入500ml摇瓶中,然后加入0.59g(2.5mmol)八异构体外消旋丙酸薄荷醇酯,40℃下,200rpm摇床振荡反应19小时。2倍体积正己烷萃取后,GC测定结果,有效转化率为74%,生成L-薄荷醇0.08g,ee值92.2%,de值为90.1%。
实施例10
从斜面接种苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)于摇瓶培养种子液20小时;将种子液以5%接种量接入1L发酵培养基培养20小时,培养温度为20℃;培养基成分为:5g/L酵母抽提物,7g/L吐温80,0.15g/L无水硫酸镁,1.5g/L磷酸氢二钾,0.8g/L氯化钠。将发酵培养后得到的培养液在10,000g的离心力,6℃下除去菌体得到含有胞外脂肪酶的发酵上清液,初始pH为7,用盐酸调节pH值至3。取50ml发酵上清液中加入0.56g(50mmol/L)八异构体外消旋乙酸薄荷醇酯进行不对称水解反应,得到L-薄荷醇及未水解的薄荷醇酯,其反应温度为20℃。1倍体积的正己烷萃取,得到的L-薄荷醇及薄荷醇醇酯混合物采用柱状色谱分离,洗脱液为1∶8的乙酸乙酯和正己烷混合液,分离,在70℃下低压蒸馏除去溶剂,得到L-薄荷醇0.04g。GC检测得到的薄荷醇,e.e值为98.7%,d.e值为96.2%。
实施例11
从斜面接种苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)于摇瓶培养种子液30小时;将种子液以10%接种量接入2L发酵培养基培养30小时,培养温度为30℃;培养基成分为:10g/L酵母抽提物,10g/L吐温80,0.25g/L无水硫酸镁,2.5g/L磷酸氢二钾,1.2g/L氯化钠。将发酵培养后得到的培养液在10,000g的离心力,6℃下离心除去菌体得到含有胞外脂肪酶的发酵上清液,初始pH为8,用盐酸或氢氧化钠溶液调节pH值至12。取1000ml发酵上清液中加入165g(700mmol/L)丙酸薄荷醇酯进行不对称水解反应,得到L-薄荷醇及未水解的薄荷醇酯,其反应温度为40℃。3倍体积的正己烷萃取,得到的L-薄荷醇及薄荷醇醇酯混合物采用柱状色谱分离,洗脱液为1∶10的乙酸乙酯和正己烷混合液,分离,在80℃下低压蒸馏除去溶剂,得到L-薄荷醇6.5g。GC检测得到的薄荷醇,e.e值为98.7%,d.e值为98.2%。
表征:
薄荷醇旋光角测定:
〔α〕20 D=-50.3°(c=1.0,CH2Cl2)
天然L-薄荷醇旋光值一般介于-49~-50°
1H-NMR(CDCl3,500MHz)相对TMS:0.82(d;J=6.9;3H);0.85(d;1H);0.93(2d;6H);0.98(m;2H);1.13(d;1H);1.42-1.49(m;2H);1.62(m;1H);1.68(m;1H);1.98(d;1H);2.18(2d;1H);3.42(2d;1H)。
13C-NMR(CDCl3,500MHz)相对TMS:16,17;21.02;22.23;23.23;25.93;31.68;34.60;45.12;50.22;71.62。
Claims (3)
1.一种苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis),其特征在于保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏号为CGMCC No.3189。
2.一种应用如权利要求1所述苏云金芽孢杆菌的L-薄荷醇的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
1)从斜面接种苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)于摇瓶培养种子液20~30小时;
2)将种子液以5~10%接种量接入1~2L发酵培养基培养20~30小时,培养温度为20~30℃;
3)将发酵培养后得到的培养液体在8,000~10,000g的离心力,4~6℃离心除去菌体得到含有胞外脂肪酶的发酵上清液,初始pH为7~8,用盐酸或氢氧化钠溶液调节pH值至3~12;
4)在50ml~1000ml发酵上清液中加入50~700mmol/L八异构体外消旋薄荷醇酯进行不对称水解反应,得到L-薄荷醇及未水解的薄荷醇酯,其反应温度为20~40℃;
5)用1~3倍体积的正己烷萃取,得到的L-薄荷醇及薄荷醇醇酯混合物采用柱状色谱分离,洗脱液为1∶8~1∶10的乙酸乙酯和正己烷混合液,分离,在70~80℃下低压蒸馏除去溶剂,得到L-薄荷醇。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种L-薄荷醇的制备方法,其特征在于所述的八异构体外消旋薄荷醇酯为:乙酸薄荷醇酯或丙酸薄荷醇酯。
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