CN101642459A - 含有降低胆固醇的药物、肾素-血管紧张素抑制剂和阿司匹林的联合剂型 - Google Patents
含有降低胆固醇的药物、肾素-血管紧张素抑制剂和阿司匹林的联合剂型 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
提供了一种可口服施用的药物制剂,作为活性药物,联合了降低胆固醇药物、肾素-血管紧张素系统抑制剂和阿司匹林以及任选的至少一种维生素B6、B12和叶酸;所述活性药物都各自存在于适合每日一次给药的单位剂量存在,至少一种活性药物以剂量单位存在于剂型中,其中将至少一种活性药物和其他活性药物物理上分开。作为一种简单和方便的治疗提供所述制剂用来降低高心血管风险个体心血管事件的风险,包括患有系统性红斑狼疮的个体。所述制剂对于发生急性心肌梗塞期间或刚刚发作后的病人也是有治疗效果的。
Description
本申请是2002年8月28日提交的申请号为02821351.3,名为“含有降低胆固醇的药物、肾素-血管紧张素抑制剂和阿司匹林的联合剂型”的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明一般涉及用来治疗高心血管风险病人的药物制剂,更具体涉及组合降低胆固醇的药物、肾素-血管紧张素系统抑制剂和阿司匹林的剂型。
背景文章
许多人都处于遭受从严重到威胁生命的心血管事件高风险中,例如心肌梗塞(心脏病发作)、心脏搏动停止、充血性心力衰竭、中风、周围血管疾病和/或跛行。危险因素是众多的并广泛分布于世界人口中。它们包括吸烟、糖尿病、高胆固醇血症(高血清胆固醇)、高血压、心绞痛、系统性红斑狼疮、先兆心脏病发作或中风、血液透析、高高半胱氨酸水平、肥胖、久坐的生活方式、接受器官移植和其他。许多这些危险因素是通过动脉粥样硬化介导的,它是心血管事件一种主要的危险因素。需要有一种安全和方便的药物制剂,它能够有效的降低有这些危险因素的人们发生心血管事件的风险。
在美国专利第5,622,985号中,Olukotun等揭示了3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A(HMG CoA)还原酶抑制剂(降低胆固醇药物),特别是普伐他汀,当它单独应用或和血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)抑制剂一起应用时,会降低胆固醇水平基本正常的病人二次心脏病发作的风险。和ACE抑制剂的联用是任选的,并没有提及HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂和其他肾素-血管紧张素系统抑制剂或和阿司匹林联合。此外,没有考虑二次心脏病发作以外的心血管事件的预防。
同样,在美国专利第5,140,012号中,McGovern等揭示了单独应用普伐他汀或联合ACE抑制剂来预防血管成形术后再狭窄的发作。普伐他汀以外的HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂没有被考虑,也没有提及HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂和其他肾素-血管紧张素系统抑制剂或和阿司匹林联合。没有考虑预防血管成形术后再狭窄以外的心血管病症的预防。
在美国专利第5,461,039号和5,593,971号中,Tschollar等揭示了单独或和ACE抑制剂联合应用降低胆固醇药物来抑制具有胰岛素抗性的血压正常个体的高血压。没有提及降低胆固醇药物和ACE抑制剂以外的肾素-血管紧张素系统抑制剂或和阿司匹林的联合。此外,所揭示的方法限于胰岛素抗性的血压正常个体,也没有提及直接预防心血管事件。
在美国法定发明注册第H1286号中,Eisman等揭示了一种治疗外周动脉粥样硬化疾病和/或间歇性跛行的方法,通过应用一种或多种降低胆固醇的药物本身或和ACE抑制剂一起应用,或单独应用ACE抑制剂。没有提及降低胆固醇药物和ACE抑制剂以外的肾素-血管紧张素系统抑制剂或和阿司匹林的联合。也未考虑外周动脉粥样硬化疾病和/或间歇性跛行以外的心血管病症的治疗或预防。
在欧洲专利说明EP 457,514中,Bergey等揭示了降低胆固醇的药物和ACE抑制剂一起应用,来预防、稳定或消退动脉粥样硬化。没有提及降低胆固醇药物和ACE抑制剂以外的肾素-血管紧张素系统抑制剂或和阿司匹林的联合。也未考虑动脉粥样硬化以外的心血管病症的治疗或预防。
在美国专利第6,235,311号,Ullah等揭示了包含激素释放抑制素(HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂)加阿司匹林的药物组合物,任选包含维生素B6、B12或叶酸,以及它们的应用方法,用来:降低血清胆固醇;预防、抑制或治疗动脉粥样硬化;或降低心血管事件或疾病、冠状动脉疾病或脑血管疾病的风险以及对它们进行治疗。这篇参考文献没有提及或以任何方式考虑肾素-血管紧张素系统抑制剂。
在美国专利第6,248,729号中,oniglio等揭示了一种预防脑梗塞的方法,通过对病人施用ADP-受体阻滞抗血小板药物、抗高血压药物(例如血管紧张素II拮抗剂、ACE抑制剂或ACE/NEP抑制剂)和任选的阿司匹林的联合药物。也揭示了包含这些药物联合的药物组合物。然而,所揭示的方法和组合物需要ADP-受体阻滞抗血小板药物(它不包括阿司匹林),Coniglio等没有提及或考虑脑梗塞以外的心血管事件。
在国际专利出版物第WO 01/15674中,Schoelkens等揭示了肾素-血管紧张素系统抑制剂,任选和另外一种抗高血压药物、降低胆固醇的药物、利尿剂或阿司匹林一起在预防心血管事件中的应用。同时还揭示了出于这个目的的联合产物,包含肾素-血管紧张素系统抑制剂和降低胆固醇的药物。进一步揭示了应用肾素-血管紧张素系统抑制剂和另外一种抗高血压药物或降低胆固醇的药物或利尿剂或阿司匹林一起制造一种预防心血管事件的药物。不管是在治疗病人的方法中还是在药物产品的制造中,从没提及或考虑联合三种或更多活性剂的可能性。即使提及了特定的肾素-血管紧张素系统抑制剂、降低胆固醇的药物和阿司匹林,以及提及了包括肾素-血管紧张素系统抑制剂和降低胆固醇的药物或阿司匹林一起的联合治疗,但是未考虑在单剂型中联合所有三种药物。
本发明的揭示
因此,本发明的一个主要目标是提供克服上面描述制剂和剂型局限性的药物组合物。
本发明的一个目标是提供每天一次口服给药的药物组合物,用它来治疗高心血管风险的病人,所述组合物包括单剂型,它包含治疗有效的单位剂量的降低胆固醇的药物、肾素-血管紧张素系统抑制剂、阿司匹林和任选的一种或多种维生素B6、B12和叶酸的联合,加上一种药学上可接受的载体,其中每个单位剂量是每日剂量,并且至少一种活性药物在剂型中以剂量单位存在,并在该剂型中使其与其他活性药物物理隔离开来。
本发明的另外一个目标是提供可口服给药的固体剂型,其中至少两种药物以剂量单位存在,与其他活性药物分隔开来,并且它们互相分隔。
发明的另外一个目标是提供可口服给药的固体剂型,其中至少一种活性药物以本释放剂量单位存在,例如持续释放和/或延迟释放剂量单位。
可控本发明的另外一个目标是提供这样的组合物,其中降低胆固醇的药物是HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂,并且肾素-血管紧张素系统抑制剂是ACE抑制剂或血管紧张素II拮抗剂。
本发明的另外一个目标是提供这样的组合物,其中所有三种维生素B6、B12和叶酸包含于其中。
本发明的其它目标、优点和新特点部分将在下面的描述给出,部分通过下面的分析对于本领域技术员来说是显而易见的,或可以通过实施所述发明而得知。
本发明提供了一种每天一次口服的剂型,包含治疗有效的单位剂量的降低胆固醇的药物、治疗有效的单位剂量的肾素-血管紧张素系统抑制剂和治疗有效的单位剂量的阿司匹林的联合,任选进一步联合至少一种维生素B物质,其中至少一种活性药物在剂型中以剂量单位存在,该剂型使其与其他活性药物分隔开来。优选的,至少两种药物以剂量单位存在,使它们与其他活性药物分隔开来,并且它们互相分隔,更优选的,至少一种活性药物以可控释放剂量单位存在,例如持续释放和/或延迟释放剂量单位。本发明也提供一种通过每天施用所述剂型治疗高心血管危险病人的方法。这里所述的剂型的施用提供了一种安全并且有效的降低这些病人心血管事件风险的方法,如每天方便的施用一次包含前面提及的活性药物组合的单个口服剂型,其中活性药物之间的任何有害相互作用被最小化或消除。这样一种简单的方法有高度的病人顺应性,导致相当改善的效果。三种或更多活性成分的联合提供了其他的有利之处是可能减少活性成分的剂量,增加治疗的安全性。
在优选的实施方案中,本发明的剂型包括:
大约10mg-120mg,优选的大约25mg-90mg HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂,选自阿伐他汀、氟伐他汀、洛伐他丁、普伐他汀和辛伐他汀;
大约1mg-60mg,优选的大约15mg-45mg ACE抑制剂,选自卡托普利、依那普利、福辛普利、赖诺普利、喹那普利、雷米普利和群多普利;
大约20mg-600mg,优选的大约20mg-150mg阿司匹林;以及任选的至少一种
大约25mg-75mg,优选的大约40mg-60mg维生素B6;
大约0.25mg-2mg,优选的大约0.5mg-1.5mg维生素B12;
大约0.5mg-8mg,优选的大约1.5mg-5mg叶酸;
本发明的详述
I.定义和命名
在详细描述所述发明之前,应该明白本发明不局限于特殊的剂型、载体等等,因为这些是会变化的。也应该明白这里所应用的术语仅是为了描述特定实施方案的目的,而不是为了限定。
应该注意如这个说明书和附带权利要求中所应用的,单数形式“a”、“an”和“the”包括复数对象,除非上下文清楚规定。因此,例如涉及“活性药物”或“药理学上的活性药物”包括单个活性药物,也包括两种或多种不同活性药物的联合,涉及“载体”包括单个载体,也包括两种或多种载体的混合物,等等。
在所述发明的描述和权利要求中,以下的术语将和给出的定义一致应用。
术语“活性药物”、“药理学上的活性药物”和“药物”这里交替应用,指一种诱导产生所需的药于学、生理学作用的化学化合物。这里的主要活性药物是降低胆固醇的药物、肾素-血管紧张素系统抑制剂和阿司匹林;其他活性药物包括维生素B6、B12和叶酸。所述术语还包括这里特别提到的那些活性药物的药学上可接受的、药理物活性的衍生物,包括但不局限于盐、酯、酰胺、前体药物、活性代谢产物、类似物等等。当应用术语“活性药物”、“药理学上的活性药物”和“药物”时,或当特异指明活性药物如HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂或ACE抑制剂时,则应明白申请人想要包含活性药物本身以及药学上可接受的、药理学上活性的盐、酯、酰胺、前体药物、活性代谢产物、类似物等等。
这里应用的术语“降低胆固醇的药剂”和“降低胆固醇的药物”指一种药理学活性的、药学上可接受的药物,当它施用给有高胆固醇血症的病人受试者时,有有益的调节血清胆固醇水平的作用。更具体的,降低胆固醇的药物降低了低密度脂蛋白(LDL)胆固醇水平或抑制LDL胆固醇的氧化,然而,高密度脂蛋白(HDL)血清胆固醇水平可以降低、保持相同或上升。优选的,降低胆固醇的药物使得血清LDL和HDL胆固醇(更优选的甘油三酯水平)到正常水平或接近正常水平。
这里所应用的术语“肾素-血管紧张素系统抑制剂”指直接或间接抑制血管紧张素,尤其是血管紧张素II的不良作用的药理学活性的、药学上可接受的药物。包括但不局限于:抑制血管紧张素II的合成,抑制血管紧张素II结合到AT1受体上;或抑制肾素活性。
“药学上可接受的”,例如叙述“药学上可接受的载体”或“药学上可接受的酸加成盐”,这里是指不是生物学上的或其它方面不合需要的材料,例如所述材料可被包含入施用给病人的药物组合物中而不导致任何不需要的生物学效应或以有害的方式和组合物所包含的任何其他成分相互作用。“药理学活性的”(或简单的“活性的”),如在“药理学活性”的衍生物或代谢物中,是指一种和亲本化合物有相同类型药理学活性的衍生物或代谢物,并且是近似相等的程度。当术语“药学上可接受的”用来指活性药物的衍生物(例如盐)时,就要明白所述化合物也是药理学活性的,即它对于降低高心血管风险是治疗有效的。
这里应用的“载体”或“赋形剂”是指常规药学上可接受的适合药物给药的载体材料,包括任何本领域所知的无毒并且不以有害方式与药物组合物的其他成分或药物输入系统相互作用的材料。
术语“控释”是指任何包含药物的制剂,其药物的释放不是即刻的;例如利用“控释”制剂,口服给药不导致药物立即释放入吸收池中。所述术语可以和“非即刻释放”交换应用,如Remington中所定义的:The Science and Practice ofPharmacy,Nineteebth编辑(Easton,PA:Mack出版公司,1995)。正如其中所讨论的,即刻和非即刻释放可以通过参考下面的方程动态定义:
“吸收池”代表在特定吸收部位施用的药物溶液,kr、ka和ke是一级速度常数,它们分别代表(1)药物从制剂中释放,(2)吸收(3)消除。对于即刻释放剂型来说,药物释放速常数kr远远大于吸收常数ka。对于控释制剂来说,即本发明的制剂,正好相反,即kr<<ka,因此药物从剂型中释放的速度是药物输入至目标区域的速度限制步骤。这里应用的术语“控释”旨在包括任何非即刻释放的制剂,包括但不局限于持续释放、延迟释放和脉冲释放制剂。
术语“持续释放”以它常规的意义应用指一种在一段延续的时间内持续释放的药物制剂,优选的但不是必须的,在一段时间内产生基本上恒定的药物血水平。
术语“延迟释放”以它常规的意义应用指在口服药物剂型和其药物释放之间存在一段时间延迟的药物制剂。“延迟释放”可包括或不包括在一段时间内药物的逐渐释放,因此可以是或不是“持续释放”。这里优选的“控释”制剂是“延迟释放”的,特别优选的“延迟释放”制剂是肠溶衣的组合物。
这里所应用的“肠涂层”或“肠溶衣”涉及药物制剂中存在聚合材料,它使药物在胃中增加对于崩解的抵抗。典型的,聚合材料以围绕包含药物核心的包衣存在,但聚合材料也可和包衣制剂中的药物混合存在。
药物或药理学活性的药物的“有效”量或“治疗有效量”是指无毒性,但足够量的提供所需的作用的药物或药剂。在本发明的联合治疗中,联合中一种成分的“有效量”是指该化合物在和其他成分联合应用时有效提供所需效应的量。“有效”量会因受试者的不同而不同,依据年龄和个体的一般情况,特定的活性药物等等。因此,不可能总是指定精确的“有效量”。然而,任何个体病例中合适的“有效”量可以由本领域的普通技术员应用常规的实验方法来测定。
这里应用的术语“治疗”指症状的严重程度减轻和/或频率的减少,症状和/或引起症状原因的消除,症状的发生和/或它们引起症状的原因的预防,损害的改善或纠正。因此,例如“治疗”病人包括预防特定的病症或易感个体中有害的生理事件,以及处理有临床症状的个体。
这里应用的术语“高心血管风险”指个体中发生心血管事件、周围血管疾病、冠心病、再狭窄或动脉粥样硬化的增高危险,这样的危险源于病症、疾病、遗传因素、行为、饮食或其他环境或因素。导致高心血管危险的环境或因素包括但不局限于:系统性红斑狼疮、现在或以前吸烟、糖尿病、血液透析、接受器官移植、明显的冠状动脉疾病、心肌梗死的历史、瞬时缺血性发作或中风的历史、周围血管疾病的历史、心绞痛、高血压、高胆固醇血症、肥胖、动脉粥样硬化、肾脏疾病、衣原体感染、巴尔通氏体感染以及阻塞性肺疾病。
这里应用的术语“心血管事件”指心血管系统突然发生的病症或疾病;它也指这种病症或疾病的突然恶化。心血管事件的例子包括,但不局限于:心脏搏动停止、心肌梗塞、缺血、中风、心绞痛恶化、充血性心力衰竭。
II.活性药物:
A.降低胆固醇的药物
本发明应用任何有效的降低胆固醇的药物或这样药物的组合。优选的降低胆固醇的药物是HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂、胆汁酸多价螯合剂、普罗布考和神经纤维酸药物。特别优选的是HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂,尤其是阿伐他汀、cerivistatin(赛维他汀)、fluindostatin(氟仑多他汀)、氟伐他汀、洛伐他丁、美伐他丁、普伐他汀、辛伐他汀和velostatin(韦罗他汀);最优选的药物是洛伐他丁和普伐他汀,特别是普伐他汀。降低胆固醇的药物在本领域是熟知的,在许多出版物中讨论和综述;一篇有用的综述由Witztum.J.L.提供,“高脂血症治疗中应用的药物”,Hardman,J.G.,Gilman,A.G.和Limbird,L.E.编辑,Goodman和Gilman的ThePharmacological Basis of Therapeutics,第9版,第875-897页(纽约:McGraw-Hill,1996)。对于一些类别的降低胆固醇药物的简要描述可以在下面应用于本发明。
HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂:这类化合物的成员抑制3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A(HMG CoA)还原酶。这种酶催化HMG CoA转化为甲羟戊酸,这是胆固醇生物合成中的早期和限速步骤。可以应用的HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂的例子包括但不局限于洛伐他丁(见美国专利第4,231,938号)、辛伐他汀(见美国专利第4,444,784号)、普伐他汀(见美国专利第4,346,227号)、氟伐他汀(见美国专利第5,354,772号)、阿伐他汀(见美国专利第5,273,995号)、cerivistatin(也叫rivastatin见美国专利第5,177,080号)、美伐他丁(见美国专利第3,883,140号)、fluindostatin(SandozXU-62-320)、velostatin(也叫synvinolin见美国专利第4,448,784号和美国专利第4,450,171号),以及引用的参考文献中所描述的和这些相关的化合物。可应用的HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂的一些其他例子由但不局限于表1的美国专利第6,264,938号提供,以及美国专利第5,622,985号提供,3-6列。本发明包括了所有药学上可接受的HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂。抑制HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂活性的化合物可以通过应用本领域的熟知的分析容易地确定;见例,专栏6的美国专利第4,231,938号中,以及国际专利出版物W0 84/02131第30-33页中描述或引用的分析。术语“HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂”确定为包括所有具有HMG CoA还原酶抑制活性的药学上可接受的盐、酯以及内酯形式的化合物,因此这样的盐、酯以及内酯形式的应用也包括在本发明的范围之内。
这里HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂是特别优选的降低胆固醇的药物,因为它们容易表现出比其他降低胆固醇的药物更少的不合需要的副作用,在安全性和耐受性方面更为理想,不需要滴定,并且除了降低胆固醇外还表现出一种或多种有益作用,例如骨缺失的减少。
胆汁酸多价螯合剂:被分泌进入肠内帮助脂类消化和吸收的胆汁酸是在肝脏由胆固醇合成的。通常,大约97%的胆汁酸被再吸收和重新利用。如果分泌大量的胆汁酸,那么肝脏就必须将更多的胆固醇转化为胆汁酸,降低血清胆固醇的水平,尤其是LDL胆固醇的水平。虽然在这种情况下,胆固醇的生物合成会被上调,但大多数个体中所增加的胆汁酸合成的净作用是降低胆固醇,尤其是LDL胆固醇在血清中的水平。
胆汁酸多价螯合剂是很少被吸收的树脂或在肠内结合并螯合胆汁酸的其它物质。被螯合的胆汁酸接着从粪便中排泄出来。任何药学上可接受的胆汁酸多价螯合剂都可以应用于本发明的实施中。可以应用于本发明的胆汁酸多价螯合剂的例子包括,但不局限于胆酪胺、colesevelam、降脂2号树脂、聚[甲基-(3-三甲基氨丙基)亚氨基-三亚甲基二卤化物],以及揭示于美国专利第6,271,264号,国际专利出版物W0 95/34585以及欧洲专利说明书EP 0 622,078中的那些。
普罗布考:这种化合物是一种有效亲脂性的抗氧化剂,能抑制LDL胆固醇的氧化。由于LDL胆固醇的氧化在动脉粥样硬化损伤的发展过程中是一个重要,也许是必需的因素,因此普罗布考对于预防或治疗动脉粥样硬化是有用的。虽然知道普罗布考可以降低血清胆固醇的水平,但其作用的机制没有很好的明白。普罗布考经常在治疗对于其他降低胆固醇药物没反应的病人时是有效的,例如纯合的家族性高胆固醇血症。
神经纤维酸(fibric acid)衍生物:这些化合物,也称为“神经纤维(fibrate)”,降低甘油三酯的水平,增加高密度脂蛋白(HDL)的水平,并对血中的LDL胆固醇水平有可变的作用。可在本发明中应用的神经纤维酸衍生物的例子包括,但不局限于,苯扎贝特(bezalipTM)、苄氯贝特、比尼贝特、环丙贝特、克利贝特、氯贝特、依托贝特、非诺贝特(LipidilTMLipidil MicroTM)、吉非贝齐(LopidTM)、尼卡贝特、吡贝特、氯烟贝特、双贝特和theofibrate。
B.肾素-血管紧张素系统抑制剂
肾素-血管紧张素系统在血压调节中起了主要的作用。肾素,一种由肾脏合成、保存和分泌的酶,有效的增高血压;正常的,当血压低时,它的分泌增加,当血压高时,它的分泌减少。肾素通过作用于血管紧张素原形成十肽的血管紧张素I而发挥功能。血管紧张素I通过血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)迅速转化为八肽的血管紧张素II。血管紧张素II通过许多机制作用而升高血压,包括增加总外周阻力(部分是通过收缩毛细血管前微动脉,较少程度上通过收缩后毛细管小静脉;通过增加外周去甲肾上腺素能神经传递;以及通过中枢神经系统作用),降低钠排泄,却增加肾脏钾的排泄,增加由肾上腺皮质分泌的醛固酮(醛固酮的作用是保留钠并排泄钾和氢离子)。血管紧张素II也被认为对于心血系统中的病理结构变化起作用,包括心脏肥大(组织质量过大),心脏纤维化(和充血性心力衰竭及心肌梗塞有关),并增加血管壁内表面的厚度(和动脉粥样硬化相关)。
已经发明了降低血压的药物,它可以成功瞄准肾素-血管紧张素系统中的多条途径。最了解和用得最广泛的是ACE抑制剂,它抑制血管紧张素I转化为血管紧张素II。其他瞄准肾素-血管紧张素系统的药物是血管紧张素II受体拮抗剂和肾素抑制剂。这些药物将在下面简要地讨论;更多的信息可在出版文献中容易地获得(见例如,Jackson,E.K和Garrison,J.C.in Hardman,J.G.,Gilman,A.G.,和Limbird,L.E.,编辑,Goodman和Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis ofTherapeutics,第9版,页733-754(纽约:McGraw-Hill)写的综述)。ACE抑制剂是优选的和本发明组合物联合应用的肾素-血管紧张素系统抑制剂。同时应该明白的是除了降低血压外,ACE抑制剂减少血浆TGF-β水平,这在许多病人中是一个附加的好处,例如那些遭受系统性红斑狼疮折磨的病人。
血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)抑制剂:如所提到的,ACE抑制剂抑制血管紧张素I转化为血管紧张素II。因为血管紧张素I仅有大约血管紧张素II1%的高血压活性,ACE抑制剂通常能有效的降低血压以及减少由血管紧张素II引起的其他心血管不良作用。除了血管紧张素I外ACE有许多底物,包括缓激肽。通过干扰缓激肽的转化,ACE抑制剂增加缓激肽的水平;这个机制对于ACE抑制剂的作用有贡献。
ACE/NEP抑制剂也包括在本发明之内,它们是ACE抑制剂,同时对于中性肽链内切酶(NEP)有抑制作用,这种酶降解心房尿钠肽。抑制NEP对于控制容量扩张性高血压特别有效。
已经合成了许多ACE抑制剂。这些化合物中的大多数根据它们的化学结构可以分为3类:(1)含巯基-的ACE抑制剂,包括卡托普利以及和卡托普利结构相关的药物,例如芬噻普利(fentiapril)、吡伐普利(pivalopril)、佐芬普利和阿拉普利;(2)含二联羧基-的ACE抑制剂,包括依托普利以及和依托普利结构相关的药物,例如赖诺普利、贝那普利、喹那普利、莫昔普利、雷米普利、螺普利、培哚普利、吲哚普利、喷托普利、indalapril和西拉普利;(3)含磷-的ACE抑制剂,结构和福辛普利相关。许多ACE抑制剂发展为酯因此有高度的口服生物利用率,但它们自己本身的效力较低;它们必须在体内转化为特定的有效力的代谢产物。
ACE抑制剂在文中是熟知的,任何药学上可接受的任何ACE抑制剂的应用,包括在前面的段落中那些任何提及的,都包括在本发明中,包括它们的混合物和/或它们药学上可接受的盐。可以在本发明实施中应用的其他ACE抑制剂的例子包括但不局限于,AB-103、ancovenin、苯那普利、BRL-36378、BW-A575C、CGS13928C、CL242817、CV-5975、Equaten、EU-4865、EU-4867、EU-5476、foroxymithine、FPL66564、FR-900456、Hoe-065、15B2、吲哚普利、酮甲基尿类、KRI-1177、KRI-1230、L681176、libenzapril、MCD、MDL-27088、MDL-27467A、莫维普利、MS-41、nicotianamine?、喷托普利、非那西汀、匹伏普利、伦噻普利、RG-5975、RG-6134、RG-207、RGH0399、R00-911、RS-10085-197、RS-2039、RS 5139、RS-86127、RU-44403、S-8308、SA-291、螺普利拉、SQ26900、SQ-28084、SQ-28370、SQ-28940、SQ-31440、synecor、utibapril、WF-10129、Wy-44221、Wy-44655、Y23785、Yissum、P-0154、扎比普利、Asahi Brewery AB-47、alatriopril、BMS 182657、Asahi Chemical C-111、Asahi Chemical C-112、Dainippon DU-1777、mixanpril、Prentyl、佐芬普利、1(-(1-羧基-6-(4-piperidinyl)己基)氨基)-1-oxopropyl八水-IH-吲哚-2-羧酸,Bioproject BP1.137、Chiesi CHF1514、Fisons FPL-66564、idrapril、培哚普利拉、Servier S-5590、阿拉普利、贝那普利、卡托普利、西拉普利、地拉普利、依托普利、依托普利拉、福辛普利、福辛普利拉、
咪达普利、赖诺普利、培哚普利、喹那普利、雷米普利、乙酸沙拉新、temocapril、群多普利、群多普利拉、ceranapril、莫昔普利、喹那普利拉、螺拉普利,这些都罗列于美国专利第6,248,729号。
优选的ACE抑制剂是卡托普利、西拉普利、地拉普利、依托普利、fentiapril、福辛普利、吲哚普利、赖诺普利、pivalopril、喹那普利、雷米普利、螺普利、群多普利和佐芬普利;特别优选的是卡托普利、依托普利、福辛普利、赖诺普利、喹那普利、雷米普利和群多普利;最优选的是依托普利。
这里应用的ACE/NEP抑制剂的一些例子包括但不局限于,那些揭示于美国专利第5,508,272号、美国专利第5,362,727号、美国专利第5,366,973号、美国专利第5,225,401号、美国专利第4,722,810号、美国专利第5,223,516号、美国专利第5,552,397号、美国专利第4,749,688号、美国专利第5,504,080号、美国专利第5,612,359号和美国专利第5,525,723号以及欧洲专利申请0481,522,0534363A2,534,396和534,492中的。优选的是那些指定的ACE/NEP抑制剂,如以上美国专利中优选的。特别优选的是ACE/NEP抑制剂omapatrilat(揭示于美国专利第5,508,272号)和MDL100240(揭示于美国专利第5,430,145)。
血管紧张素II受体拮抗剂(也被称为血管紧张素II拮抗剂):血管紧张素II结合血管紧张素亚型1(AT1)和亚型2(AT2)受体,同样也结合一些其他受体。所有所知的血管紧张素II的生理作用显然和它结合并激活AT1受体相关,这个受体在血管紧张素II作用的组织中大量表达。AT2受体在一些胎儿组织中是普通的,但在成人组织中很少;直到现在,还没有发现它的已知功能。已经发明了许多口服活性,非肽的血管紧张素II受体拮抗剂。这些大多数都是瞄准AT1受体的,但由于考虑到AT2受体的不平衡激活,一些更新的血管紧张素II受体拮抗剂同时瞄准AT1和AT2受体。血管紧张素II受体拮抗剂通常是高度特异性的,对于其他激素受体或离子通道的作用微乎其微。
任何AT1血管紧张素II受体的口服活性拮抗剂都可以在本发明中应用。适合这里应用的血管紧张素II受体拮抗剂的一些例子是沙拉新(包括醋酸沙拉新)、坎地沙坦(包括坎地沙坦cilexetil)CGP-63170、EMD-66397、KT3-671、LRB/081、缬沙坦、A-81282、BIBR-363、BIBS-222、BMS-184698、CV11194、EXP-3174、KW-3433、L-161177、L-162154、LR-B/057、LY-235656、PD150304、U-96849、U-97018、UP-275-22、WAY-126227、WK-1492.2K、YM-31472、洛沙坦(包括洛沙坦钾)、E-4177、EMD-73495、依普沙坦、HN-65021、依贝沙坦、L-159282、ME-3221、SL-91.0102、他索沙坦、替米沙坦、UP-269-6、YM-358、CGP-49870、GA-0056、L-159689、L-162234、L-162441、L-163007、PD-123177、A81988、BMS-180560、CGP-38560A、CGP-48369、DA-2079、DE-3489、DuP-167、EXP-063、EXP-6155、EXP-6803、EXP-7711、EXP-9270、FK-739、HR-720、ICI D6888、ICI-D8731、isoteoline、KRI-1177、L-158809、L-158978、L-159874、LR B087、LY-285434、LY-302289、LY-315995、RG-13647、RWJ-38970、RWJ-46458、S-8307、S-8308、saprisartan、sarmesin、WK-1360、X-6803、ZD-6888、ZD-7155、ZD-8731、BIBS39、CI-996、DMP-811、DuP-532、EXP-929、L163017、LY-301875、XH-148、XR-510、zolasartan和PD-123319。
优选的血管紧张素II受体拮抗剂包括洛沙坦(它是原型,及最有名的血管紧张素II受体拮抗剂),依贝沙坦、依普沙坦、坎地沙坦、缬沙坦、替米沙坦、zolasartan、他索沙坦。特别优选的是洛沙坦。
肾素抑制剂:抑制肾素活性的化合物包括:肾素抗体、肾素前段类似物、胃酶抑素类似物;以及肾素底物血管紧张素原类似物。由于这些化合物大多数是肽,它们通常有较低的口服生物利用率。非肽肾素抑制剂在本发明中是最有意义的。优选的肾素抑制剂是remikiren(Ro 42-5892)、A-72517和A-74273,其中remikiren是最优选的。
C.阿司匹林
阿司匹林(乙酰水杨酸),当它给予有心血管事件风险的病人每天低剂量长程施用时,就能很好的预防心肌梗塞和血栓引起的中风。通过每天施用低剂量(大约80mg)阿司匹林至少可以将二次心脏病发作、中风和心血管的死亡减少25%。
阿司匹林的心血管保护活性似乎有许多机制,但在这点上,但它的抗血栓、抗血小板聚集的活性可能是很有意义的。阿司匹林不可逆地使环氧合酶乙酰化,使其失去功能。环氧合酶对于前列腺素类的合成(在其他化合物中)是必需的,它们中的许多是促炎性的;血栓类A2,它是由血小板合成而增加血小板的聚集,最终形成血栓(血凝块);前列环素,它有抗血小板聚集的特性。环氧合酶是在内皮细胞而不是在血小板中合成的。低剂量的阿司匹林选择性的中和血小板中的环氧合酶,而使得环氧合酶和前列环素在内皮细胞中持续合成。净作用是减少炎症和血小板的聚集,从而减少血管中的血栓形成。
虽然阿司匹林是最优选的可应用于本发明,但其他水杨酸盐,包括水杨酸镁和其他抗血小板聚集的药物,例如阿那格雷、双嘧达莫、氯吡格雷和噻氯匹定这里也可以应用。其他环氧合酶抑制剂,包括其他非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDS)例如布洛芬、舒林酸、硫化舒林酸、舒林酸砜、氟比洛尔、吲哚美辛、甲氧奈普酸、甲氯灭酸和吡罗昔康也可以应用于本发明。
D.维生素B化合物
高血清水平的高半胱氨酸,一种没有在蛋白质中发现的氨基酸,和动脉粥样硬化、心脏疾病、中风以及周围血管疾病是高度相关的。许多研究表明,口服补充维生素B6(也称为吡哆辛)、维生素B12(也称为氰钴胺)和叶酸(或叶酸盐)可以降低高半胱氨酸水平并降低动脉粥样硬化、心肌梗塞和中风的发生率。叶酸或叶酸盐在这点上似乎特别有效。最近的调查已经发现,大约88%的美国人每天摄入的叶酸低于400μg,这是推荐来维持正常高半胱氨酸水平的。在本发明的实施中,亚叶酸或叶酸盐可以替代叶酸应用,但是优选的是叶酸。可以应用的叶酸盐包括5-甲基四氢叶酸(5MeTHF)、四氢叶酸(THF)以及5-甲酰基四氢叶酸(5CHOTHF)。
E.衍生物
任何活性药物可以以盐、酯、酰胺、前体药物、活性代谢产物、类似物等的形式应用,只要所述盐、酯、酰胺、前体药物、活性代谢产物、类似物是药学上可接受的并在存在的环境中具有药理活性。盐、酯、酰胺、前体药物、活性代谢产物、类似物和其他活性药物的衍生物可以应用合成有机化学领域中的技术员所知的标准步骤来配制,描述于例如J.March,高级有机化学:反应、机制和结构,第4版(纽约:Wiley-Interscience,1992)。
例如,酸加成盐应用常规方法从游离碱形式的药物配制而来,包括游离碱和酸的反应。配制酸加成盐的合适酸包括有机酸,例如醋酸、丙酸、乙醇酸、丙酮酸、草酸、苹果酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、马来酸、富马酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、苯甲酸、肉桂酸、苯乙醇酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、水杨酸等等;无机酸:例如盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸等等。酸加成盐可以通过合适的碱处理重新转化为游离碱。相反的,可能出现在活性药物中的酸部分碱盐的配制可以以相同类似的方式进行,应用药学上可接受的碱,例如氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化铵、氢氧化钙、三甲胺等。酯的制备包括通过常规的酯化反应将羧酸基转化,包括RO-部分在羰基碳上的亲核攻击。酯化也可以通过将羟基和酯化试剂,例如酰氯反应而发生。如果需要,通过应用常规的氢解或水解步骤,酯可以重新转化为游离酸。应用合适的胺反应物,酰胺可以从酯制得或它们可以通过和氨或低级烷基胺反应从酐或酰氯制得。前体药物和活性代谢产物也可以应用本领域技术员所知的或相关文献中所描述的技术来配制。前体药物典型的通过共价结合部分产生化合物的部分来配制,这种化合物在治疗上是无活性的,只有通过个体代谢系统的修饰后才具有治疗活性。
所述活性药物的其他衍生物和类似物可以应用合成有机化学领域中技术员所知的标准技术来配制,或通过参考相关文献而推出。此外,手性活性药物可以是异构纯的形式,或它们可以作为异构体的外消旋混合物施用。
III.药物组合物和剂型
当两种或多种活性药物以单一药物剂型组合时,必须考虑活性药物之间,活性药物和赋形剂之间可能发生的相互作用。这个完全在药物制剂停车中的技术员考虑之内。例如阿司匹林是酸性的,可以和碱性化合物或碱性酯起反应,而导致阿司匹林水解和/或其他化合物降解。阿司匹林例如可以和酸不稳定化合物,例如普伐他汀反应而降解它们。本发明组合物因此包括药物组合物,其中两种或多种活性药物在药物剂型中相互分开,如片剂分开的平层(例如双层或三层片剂),同心层、涂层珠子或颗粒(它可以被包含进入压缩的片剂或胶囊),和/或通过应用缓冲液(见例如,美国专利第6,235,311号)将可能相互作用的化合物彼此分开。同样本领域的那些技术员察觉到这样的剂型,其中两种或多种活性药物和其他活性药物在物理上是分开的,可以被制造,因此不同的活性药物有不同的释放形式,例如如果一种活性药物是用肠溶衣配制的,另外一种活性药物是以持续释放基质配制的等等。或者,可以应用一种或多种潜在相互作用的化合物的无反应性药物活性衍生物,例如应用中性水杨酸盐替代阿司匹林。
本发明提供包含两种或多种多剂量单位的药物剂型,这些剂量单位在物理上是相互分开的,其中不同的剂量单位可有不同的释放方式。例如,一种或多种剂量单位可提供活性药物的即刻释放(例如在口服摄入大约一小时内),一种或多种剂量单位可以提供活性药物的持续释放(例如其中的活性药物在长时期内逐渐释放),一种或多种剂量单位可以提供活性药物的延迟释放,其中在初始“延迟”之后释放可以是或不是持续释放。药物释放可以是“脉冲”,其中两种或多种药物剂量以独立的时间间隔释放。
在一种实施方案中,所述剂型是封闭的,优选是密封的胶囊,包含至少含有两种药物的剂量单位,其中胶囊内的每种剂量单位提供或不提供不同的药物释放方式。延迟释放剂量单位的控制是通过在剂量单位上的控制释放聚合物涂层实现的,或通过将活性药物包含进控制释放的多聚物基质。每种剂量单位可包括一种压缩或模塑的片剂,其中胶囊中的每个片剂提供不同的药物释放方式。或者,胶囊中的每种剂量单位可包含大量包含药物的珠、颗粒或微粒。正如本领域所知的,包含药物的“珠”是用药物和一种或多种赋形剂或聚合物制成的珠。包含药物的珠可以通过将药物施用于惰性支载体而制造,例如涂上药物的惰性糖珠,或通过制造一种同时包含药物以及一种或多种赋形剂的“核”。同样所知的,包含药物的“颗粒”或“微粒”包含药物微粒,它们可包括或不包括一种或多种附加的赋形剂或多聚物。和包含药物的珠相比,颗粒和微粒不包含惰性支载体。颗粒通常包含药物微粒并且需要进一步加工。通常,微粒要比颗粒小,并不进一步加工。虽然可以配制珠、颗粒和微粒来提供即刻释放,但珠和颗粒通常用来提供延迟释放。
在另外一种实施方案中,单个剂量单位压缩成单个片剂中,可表现完整但分立的部分(例如层)或以混合物出现。分层的片剂,每一层包含一种不同的活性药物和/或提供一种不同的释放方式,提供多种制造优点。这样的片剂可通过单步骤压缩制成,因此消除了对于配制包衣核心剂型所必需的方法操作。分层片剂还消除了加工中的伴随步骤,以及制造两种或多种不同片剂的质量控制。此外,只包含赋形剂的层可以插在包含活性药物的层之间,来阻止活性药物之间可能发生的相互作用。就以混合物的方式包含不同剂量单位的片剂而言,具有不同释放方式(例如即刻和延迟释放方式)的包含药物的珠、颗粒或微粒,和/或包含不同活性药物的珠、颗粒或微粒可以应用传统的制片装置一起压缩进单个片剂中。在混合物中,存在不同活性药物相互接触的随机可能性。然而,颗粒或其他剂量单位上提供的保护性和/或延迟释放涂层提供了一个物理屏障,因此使得活性药物之间的直接物理接触最小化。
在另外一个实施方案中,本发明的一种剂型包含包衣的核心-类型输送系统,其中外面一层包含一种活性药物,一个或多个中间层任选的每层包含一种或多种别的活性药物,内部的核包含另外一种活性药物,或包含一种惰性材料。每一层和/或核也提供不同的释放方式。
正如本领域中那些技术员所意识到的以及相关文章和文献中所描述的,可以利用许多方法配制包含药物的片剂、珠、颗粒或微粒,它们提供不同的药物释放方式。这样的方法包括,但不局限于以下:用合适的涂层材料包裹药物或包含药物的组合物,典型的虽然不一定包含多聚物材料;增加药物微粒的大小;将药物放在基质中;用合适的复合剂形成药物的复合体。
延迟释放剂量单位和肠包衣:固体剂型,不管是片剂还是胶囊、囊片或微粒,如果需要,都可以涂上包衣而提供延迟释放。具有延迟释放包衣的剂型可以应用标准包衣步骤和设备制造。这样的步骤对于本领域那些技术人员来说是知道的,并揭示于相关的文章中,例如Remington,supra。通常,在配制固体剂型之后,应用包衣锅、无空气喷涂技术、流化床涂层设备等等,施用延迟释放包衣组合物。延迟释放包衣组合物包含一种聚合物材料,例如丁酸纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯、纤维素邻苯二甲酸氢酯、丙酸纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯、聚乙烯乙酸酯邻苯二甲酸酯、醋酸纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯、醋酸纤维素偏苯三酸酯、羟丙基甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯、羟丙基甲基纤维素醋酸酯、二羟基丙氧基甲基纤维素琥珀酸酯、羧甲基乙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素醋酸琥珀酸酯、由丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸和/或它们的酯形成的聚合物和共聚物。
本发明的任何实施方案中的延迟释放剂量单位可以配制,例如通过用选择的涂层材料为药物或包含药物的组合物涂衣。包含药物的组合物可以是例如用来装进胶囊的片剂,一种用作“包衣核”剂型内核的片剂,或用来包含入片剂或胶囊的大量包含药物的珠、微粒或颗粒。优选的包衣材料可生物浸蚀的逐渐可水解的,逐渐水溶的,和/或酶降解的多聚物构成,优选的延迟释放包衣包括肠溶衣材料。
肠溶衣组合物通常包括一种聚合物材料,在对病人口服施用剂型后,可以阻止活性药物的释放,直到到达病人的小肠。通常这需要聚合材料-例如肠溶多聚物-阻止药物在胃的酸性环境中释放,但在小肠中充分溶解而逐渐释放其中的活性药物。所述肠溶衣材料,因此不应该在pH值低于大约4或5的胃肠液中溶解,但应该在pH值大约为5或以上电离并溶解。因此,最有效的肠溶衣材料是pKa在3-5范围内的多聚酸,然而期望任何表现出前面提到的pH-依赖溶解性特点的材料都可以在本发明的实施中应用为肠包衣,来将活性药物输入到胃肠道的肠部分。具体肠溶衣材料的选择将依赖于以下的性质:在胃中的抗溶解和抗崩解;在胃中对于胃液和药物/载体/酶的不通透性;在目标肠部位快速溶解或崩解的能力;在存储时的物理和化学稳定性;无毒性;作为包衣施用的容易度;以及经济实用性。
肠包衣也阻止活性药物暴露于口腔、咽、食管和胃的上皮和粘膜组织,以及和这些组织相关的酶。因此所述肠溶衣在药物于理想输入部位释放前,帮助保护活性药物和病人内部组织不发生不良反应。
“包衣体量”,或每剂量单位的相对包衣材料的量,通常规定了摄入和药物释放之间的时间间隔。对于特定包衣材料的优选包衣重量可以容易地由本领域那些技术人员测定,通过评价用不同量的各种包衣材料配制的片剂、珠和颗粒的各自释放特点。然而,通常合适的包衣重量是大约5wt.%-50wt.%。
合适的肠包衣聚合物包括,但不局限于聚合明胶、丁酸纤维素酞酸酯、纤维素酞酸氢酯、丙酸纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯、聚乙烯乙酸酯邻苯二甲酸酯(PVAP)、醋酸纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯(CAP)、醋酸纤维素偏苯三酸酯(CAT)、羟丙基甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯、羟丙基甲基纤维素醋酸酯、二羟基丙基甲基纤维素琥珀酸酯、羧甲基乙基纤维素(CMEC)、羟丙基甲基纤维素醋酸琥珀酸酯(HPMCAS)、虫胶、玉米醇溶蛋白以及丙烯酸聚合物和共聚物,优选的由丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯和/或其他乙烯型单体形成。优选的己衣聚合物是丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸聚合物和共聚物,尤其是那些以商标名L和S商业应用的,其中游离羧基和酯基的比例大约分别是1∶1和1∶2,并且其中每种共聚物的(重均)分子量大约是135,000Da。
所述包衣可以并通常包含增塑剂来阻止孔和缝隙的形成,它们会导致胃液的进入。合适的增塑剂包括,但不局限于,柠檬酸三乙酯(Citroflex 2)、三醋精(三乙酸甘油酯)、乙酰柠檬酸三乙酯(Citroflec A2)、Carbowax 400(聚乙二醇400)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、柠檬酸三丁酯、乙酰化的甘油一酸酯、甘油、脂肪酸酯、丙二醇和二丁基邻苯二甲酸酯。所述包衣还可包含其他包衣赋形剂例如防粘剂、防泡剂、润滑剂(例如硬脂酸镁)和稳定剂(例如羟丙基纤维素,酸和碱),利用它们来增溶或分散包衣材料,并改善包衣的性能和涂衣产物。
涂肠溶衣的剂型,不管是涂肠溶衣的片剂、片剂部分、胶囊、颗粒还是珠,都可以应用标准涂肠溶衣步骤和装置制造。例如,肠溶衣可应用包衣锅、无空气喷涂技术、流化床涂层设备等等施用于片剂、片剂部分、珠、颗粒、囊片或胶囊上。关于配制涂衣剂型的材料、装置和步骤的详细信息可见于Pharmaceutical DosageForms:Tablets等,Lieberman等(纽约:Maccel Dekker Inc.,1989),以及Ansel等,Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery System,第6版(Media,PA:Williams&Wilkins,1995)。包衣的厚度,如上面所提到的,必须足以保证口服剂型保持完整,直至到达肠道理想的输送部位。
或者,延迟释放剂量单位可以通过在合适材料基质中分散活性药物而配制,所述材料例如肠溶衣材料或其他延迟释放多聚物材料。亲水多聚物和某些脂肪化合物对于提供延迟释放基质特别有用。这样的亲水多聚物由纤维素、纤维素酯、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯和乙烯基的聚合物或多聚物,以及如上所述的可酶降解的多聚物或共聚物。用作基质材料的脂肪化合物包括但不局限于蜡(例如巴西棕榈蜡)和硬酯酸甘油三酯。一旦活性成分和基质材料混合,所述混合物就可以被压缩进片剂中。
即刻释放剂量单位:本发明剂型释放剂量单位-例如胶囊中的片剂;大量包含药物的珠、颗粒或微粒;多层片剂中的一层;或包衣核剂型的一层或核-包含治疗有效量的特定活性药物或活性药物的混合物,带有常规的药物赋形剂。所述即刻释放剂量单位可以涂上或不涂上保护衣。配制即刻释放片剂的一种优选的方法(例如包含入胶囊)是通过压缩包含药物的混合物,例如颗粒混合物,应用直接混合、湿颗粒化处理或干颗粒化处理配制。即刻释放的片剂可以被模塑而不是压缩,从包含合适的水溶性润滑剂的湿材料开始。然而,这里优选的片剂是应用压缩而不是模塑制造的。形成即刻释放的包含药物的混合物的优选方法是将药物微粒直接和一种或多种赋形剂混合,例如稀释液(或填充剂)、粘合剂、崩解剂、润滑剂、助流剂、着色剂等等。以即刻释放形式包含活性药物的珠也可以通过许多传统技术中的任何一种来配制,典型的由液体分散作用开始。例如,配制包含药物珠的典型方法包括将活性药物和常规的药物赋形剂混合,例如微晶纤维素、淀粉、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、甲基纤维素、滑石、金属硬脂酸盐、二氧化硅等等。应用所述混合物涂覆珠核例如大小大概是20-60mesh的糖球(或所谓的“non-pareil”)。
配制药物珠的另一种步骤是通过将药物和一种或多种药学上可接受的赋形剂混合,例如微晶纤维素、乳糖、纤维素、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、滑石、硬脂酸镁、崩解剂等等,挤压出混合物,球化压出物,干燥并任选涂衣而形成即刻释放珠。
持续释放的剂型和剂量单位:持续释放的制剂提供一段长时间的药物释放,可以是或不是延迟释放。通常,那些本领域的普通技术员意识到,持续释放剂量单位是通过将药物分散进入逐渐可生物浸蚀的(可水解的)材料的基质中配制而成,例如不溶性塑料、亲水的聚合物或脂肪化合物,或通过用这样的材料涂涂覆包含药物的固体剂型。不溶性塑料基质由例如聚氯乙烯或聚乙烯构成。
对于提供持续释放包衣或基质的纤维素多聚物有用的亲水多聚物包括,但不局限于:纤维素多聚物,例如羟丙基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、醋酸纤维素、醋酸纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯、醋酸纤维素偏苯三酸酯、羟丙基甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯、羟丙基纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯、纤维素六氢邻苯二甲酸酯、醋酸纤维素六氢邻苯二甲酸酯和羧甲基纤维素钠;丙烯酸聚合物和共聚物,优选的由丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸烷基酯、甲基丙烯酸烷基酯等形成,例如丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯和/或甲基丙烯酸乙酯的共聚物,尤其是那些以商标名L可商业购得的,和丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯和三甲基氨基乙基甲基丙烯酸氯化物的三元共聚物(以商标名RS出售)代表优选的例子;乙烯基聚合物和共聚物例如聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、醋聚酸乙烯酯、聚醋酸乙烯酯邻苯二甲酸酯、醋酸乙烯酯巴豆酸共聚物、乙烯基-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物以及聚醋酸乙烯酯/聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮混合物;卡波姆,例如羟化乙烯聚合物指的是“共聚体”,它是通过将单烯丙烯酸单体和蔗糖的聚烷基醚交联而配制的(以B.F.Goodrich化学公司的商标名购得);玉米醇溶蛋白和虫胶、氨化虫胶、虫胶-乙酰基醇和虫胶硬脂酸正丁酯。
用作持续释放基质材料或持续释放衣材料的脂肪化合物包括,但不局限于通常的蜡(例如巴西棕榈蜡)、硬脂酸甘油三酯以及氢化油例如氢化植物油、棉籽油、蓖麻油、菜籽油、棕榈油、棕榈核油和大豆油。
保护性包衣:任何本发明的剂型以及其中包含的剂量单位都可以用保护性包衣涂覆。如果也应用延迟释放或持续释放包衣,保护性包衣就施用在其上。合适的保护性包衣材料对于本领域那些普通技术员来说是知道的,并描述于相关文章,例如Remington’s,supra。然而,通常保护性包衣由一种起封闭剂作用的材料包裹单剂量单位而构成,使不同的活性剂在剂型中相互物理地分开。适合密封剂的衣材料通常包括树脂材料,例如虫胶、玉米醇溶蛋白、醋酸纤维素酞酸酯、聚醋酸乙烯酯邻苯二甲酸酯或虫胶-聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮组合。密封剂包衣可以施用于一整个剂型的外表面,来加强片剂或胶囊并改善产品的稳定性。
剂型的制造:片剂可应用标准片剂加工步骤和装置制造。一种形成片剂的方法是通过直接压缩包含活性药物的粉末、结晶或颗粒状的组合物,单独或与一种或多种载体、添加剂等组合。作为直接压缩的另外一种选择,片剂可以应用湿-颗粒化或干-颗粒化处理配制。片剂也可以被模塑而不是被压缩,由湿的或其他易处理的材料开始;然而,压缩和颗粒化技术是优选的。
除了活性药物,应用本发明的方法配制的口服施用片剂通常包含其他材料,例如粘合剂、稀释液、润滑剂、崩解剂、填充剂、稳定剂、表面活性剂、着色剂等等。粘合剂使得片剂有内聚的性质,因此保证了片剂在压缩后保持完整。合适的粘合材料包括,但不局限于淀粉(包括玉米淀粉和预糊化淀粉)、明胶、糖(包括蔗糖、葡萄糖、右旋糖和乳糖),聚乙二醇、蜡以及天然和合成的树胶,例如阿拉伯胶、藻酸钠、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、纤维素聚合物(包括羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、羟甲基纤维素等等),以及Veegum。稀释液典型的是必需的来增加体积以便最终提供实际大小的片剂是。合适的稀释液包括磷酸二钙、硫酸钙、乳糖、纤维素、高岭土、甘露醇、氯化钠、干淀粉和粉末糖。应用润滑剂来方便片剂的制造;合适的润滑剂的例子包括例如硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸钙和硬脂酸。硬脂酸盐,如果存在,优选的代表不超过大约包含药物核的2wt.%。应用崩解剂来方便片剂的崩解,通常是淀粉、粘土、纤维素、藻胶、树胶或交联聚合物。填充剂包括的材料例如二氧化硅、二氧化钛、氧化铝、滑石、高岭土、粉末纤维素和微晶纤维素,还有可溶性材料,例如甘露醇、尿素、蔗糖、乳糖、右旋糖、氯化钠和山梨糖醇。应用稳定剂来抑制或延迟药物分解反应,包括作为例子的氧化反应。表面活性剂可以是阴离子、阳离子、两性的或非离子的表面-活性剂。
所述剂型也可以是胶囊,其中包含活性药物的组合物可以以液体或固体的形式(包括微粒,例如颗粒、珠、粉末或小丸)。合适的胶囊可以是硬或软的,通常是由明胶、淀粉或纤维素材料制成的,明胶胶囊是优选的。两片的硬明胶胶囊优选是密封的,例如用明胶带等。见例如Remington:The Science and Practice ofPharmacy,引用supra,其描述了配制胶囊药物的材料和方法。如果包含药物的活性组合物以液体形式存在于胶囊内,就需要一种液态载体溶解活性药物。所述载体必须和胶囊和所有药物组合物的成分相容,并且必须适合摄入。
在一种实施方案中,所述降低胆固醇的药物、肾素-血管紧张素系统抑制剂和阿司匹林都独自被包含进多层片剂(所述片剂这里指定为“片剂ML1”)的分开的层中。片剂ML1可进一步包含一层赋形剂,优选的是微晶纤维素,它处于包含阿司匹林和其他活性药物的层之间。此外,片剂ML1可包括含维生素B6、维生素B12和叶酸至少其中之一的层。优选的,一个单层包含维生素B6、维生素B12和叶酸的混合物。在一种特别优选的实施方案中,所述降低胆固醇的药物、肾素-血管紧张素系统抑制剂和阿司匹林都各自被包含进多层片剂的各自层中,这种片剂是适合每日一次的单位剂量,此外,其中所述降低胆固醇的药物、肾素-血管紧张素系统抑制剂各自以控制释放剂量单位(例如持续释放和/或延迟释放剂量单位),阿司匹林是以即刻释放剂量单位(所述片剂这里指定为“片剂ML2”)。在一种特别优选的实施方案中,片剂ML2进一步包含一层包含维生素B6、维生素B12和叶酸的混合物(所述片剂这里指定为“片剂ML3”)。在一种高度优选的实施方案中,片剂ML3包含80mg洛伐他丁作为降低胆固醇的药物,40mg依托普利作为肾素-血管紧张素系统抑制剂,81mg阿司匹林,50mg维生素B6,1mg维生素B12和3mg叶酸。
在另外一种实施方案中,其中本发明的剂型包括包含混合于基质中的含活性药物珠的片剂,至少一种活性药物配制入珠中,至少一种其他活性药物配制入围绕珠的片剂基质中。所述珠可以是未涂衣的、涂上保护层、涂上肠溶衣、为了持续释放而涂衣或配制、为了延迟释放而涂衣或配制。可以为了即刻释放、延迟释放或持续释放配制基质。在一种优选的实施方案中,所述降低胆固醇的药物和肾素-血管紧张素系统抑制剂各自单独配制入大量的珠中,所述珠是为了持续释放而配制的,然而阿司匹林被包含在基质中,所述基质是为了即刻释放而配制的(所述片剂这里指定为“片剂B1”)。在特别优选的实施方案中,片剂B1进一步包含和基质中的阿司匹林混合在一起的维生素B6、维生素B12和叶酸,并且每种活性药物以适合每日一次的单位剂量存在(所述片剂这里指定为“片剂B2”)。在一种高度优选的实施方案中,片剂B2包含80mg洛伐他丁作为降低胆固醇的药物,40mg依托普利作为肾素-血管紧张素系统抑制剂,81mg阿司匹林,50mg维生素B6,1mg维生素B12和3mg叶酸。
在其他的实施方案中,其中本发明的剂型包含混合的即刻释放的片剂或胶囊,所有活性药物混合在一起为一种即刻释放剂型中的一个剂量单位,是片剂或胶囊。在这种实施方案中,要小心保证活性药物的稳定性和相容性;当需要时,应用合适的缓冲液和其他赋形剂来帮助保证所述的稳定性和相容性。在一种优选的实施方案中,片剂或胶囊包含80mg洛伐他丁作为降低胆固醇的药物,40mg依托普利作为肾素-血管紧张素系统抑制剂,81mg阿司匹林,50mg维生素B6,1mg维生素B12和3mg叶酸。在一种特别优选的实施方案中,6种活性药物的每一种都被单独配制入大量涂保护性衣的珠或颗粒中,所述包衣阻止或抑制活性药物之间的化学作用。
在其他的实施方案中,其中本发明的剂型包括片剂或胶囊中的涂衣珠或颗粒,每种活性药物都被单独配制入大量涂保护性衣的珠或颗粒中,所述包衣阻止或抑制活性药物之间的化学作用,并任选的维持或延迟活性药物的释放。在一种优选的实施方案中,将所述降低胆固醇的药物和肾素-血管紧张素系统抑制剂各自配制入涂衣的持续释放的珠或颗粒中,或用其它方法配制,而将阿司匹林配制入涂衣的或以其它方法配制的即刻释放的珠或颗粒中(所述片剂或胶囊这里指定为“片剂或胶囊CBG1”)。在特别优选的实施方案中,片剂或胶囊CBG1还包括维生素B6、维生素B12和叶酸,它们各自被配制入即刻释放的珠或颗粒中,并且每种活性药物以适合每日一次的单位剂量存在(所述片剂或胶囊这里指定为“片剂或胶囊CBG2”)。在高度优选的实施方案中,片剂或胶囊CBG2包含80mg洛伐他丁作为降低胆固醇的药物,40mg依托普利作为肾素-血管紧张素系统抑制剂,81mg阿司匹林,50mg维生素B6,1mg维生素B12和3mg叶酸。
在相关的实施方案中,胶囊,优选的硬明胶胶囊优选的是密封的,并在里面包含压缩或塑形的片剂、珠或颗粒,加上一种药学上可接受的载体。每种活性药物都被单独配制入大量的片剂、珠或颗粒中。所述片剂、珠或颗粒可涂上包衣和/或为了即刻释放、延迟释放或持续释放而用其它方法配制。所述胶囊可包含片剂、珠或颗粒的混合物;进一步,所述胶囊可包含涂衣和未涂衣形式的所述剂量单位的混合物。一种优选的剂型是硬的、密封的硬明胶胶囊,它包含配制入片剂中的降低胆固醇的药物和肾素-血管紧张素系统抑制剂,持续释放的大量片剂,大量珠或大量颗粒,加上阿司匹林、维生素B6、维生素B12和叶酸,都各自配制入即刻释放的大量片剂,大量珠或大量颗粒中。
IV.效用和给药
本发明的方法和组合物是针对那些高心血管风险个体的,其中心血管风险包括潜在的心搏动停止、急性或慢性心肌梗塞、冠心病、局部缺血、中风、周围血管疾病、跛行、恶化性心绞痛、再狭窄和/或动脉粥样硬化。高心血管危险的个体包括那些有系统性红斑狼疮、糖尿病、心绞痛、明显的冠状动脉疾病、高血压、高胆固醇血症、肾脏疾病、衣原体感染、巴尔通氏体属感染、阻塞性肺疾病、血液透析、接受了器官移植、肥胖、老年、家族性心脏疾病史、动脉粥样硬化、中风、吸烟、或有心肌梗塞、瞬时缺血发作、中风、动脉粥样硬化或周围血管疾病史的个体。本发明的药物组合物也可以在MI或过后即刻施用给遭受急性心肌梗塞(MI)的病人。本发明的组合物,当以这种方式施用时,对于提高遭受急性心肌梗塞病人的生存率特别有效。
许多高心血管风险的个体对于这种病况并没有加以治疗,通常是由于缺乏有效、安全和方便的治疗。例如,患有系统性红斑狼疮的女性是心肌梗塞和中风高风险的,可能是由于增高的早期动脉粥样硬化倾向,但很少适当治疗以降低这种风险。由于这种治疗对于高心血管危险的个体来说是延续时间很长的,也许是病人终身,因此它对于病人来说应该简单和方便。当药物每天口服给药一次,优选的是睡觉前,就会发现病人顺从长时间治疗的比例很高。所述发明提供了降低胆固醇的药物、肾素-血管紧张素系统抑制剂、阿司匹林和任选的维生素B联合包含在单个单位-剂量的片剂或胶囊中,这种片剂或胶囊每天一次的剂量,优选的是睡觉前。因此所述发明针对一个主要的医学需要,提供一种有效、安全、简单和方便的方法来降低高心血管风险个体病人中心血管事件的发生率。这样的一种剂型为病人提供了方便和简单,因此提高了病人的顺从,尤其是那些由于存在的心脏疾病或其他疾病已经接受了各种治疗的病人。
由于三种或更多的活性药物正一起应用于联合治疗中,就必须考虑每种药物的效力以及将它们联合起来得到的相互影响的作用。这些因素已经完全在普通临床医生为了测定治疗有效或预防有效的剂量的考虑之中。
优选的口服剂型包含每种活性药物药学上有效的单位剂量,其中单位剂量适合每日一次口服施用。任何特定的活性药物的治疗有效单位剂量当然依赖于活性药物,病人的需求以及开药医生所知的其他因素。那些药物制剂领域的普通技术员可以容易地推知各种活性药物合适的单位剂量。然而,通常每种活性药物治疗有效单位剂量如下:
大约10mg-120mg,优选的大约25mg-90mg HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂,选自阿伐他汀、氟伐他汀、洛伐他丁、普伐他汀和辛伐他汀;
大约1mg-60mg,优选的大约15mg-45mg ACE抑制剂,选自卡托普利、依托普利、福辛普利、喹那普利、雷米普利和群多普利;
大约20mg-600mg,优选的大约20mg-150mg阿司匹林;
优选的至少一种:
大约25mg-75mg,优选的大约40mg-60mg维生素B6;
大约0.25mg-2mg,优选的大约0.5mg-1.5mg维生素B12;
大约0.5mg-8mg,优选的大约1.5mg-5mg叶酸。
在特别优选的实施方案中,所述活性成分如下:
80mg洛伐他丁;
40mg依托普利;
81mg阿司匹林;
50mg维生素B6;
1mg维生素B12;和
3mg叶酸。
本发明的制剂只要病人是心血管高风险的就可以施用;很可能这将是个很长的时间过程,可能是病人终生。至少需要给药1-2周才能获得最小收益。除了设计为每日剂量的优选制剂外,也可以运用这种制剂的持续释放形式,它可以提供隔周、每周、每月等等的剂量。
V.成套用具包
在另外一种实施方案中,提供了一种包含用来自己给药的大量口服剂型;容器装置;优选是密封的,在剂型存储期间和应用前承载它;以及病人服药的指南。所述指南典型的会写在包装插入条、标秆和/或成套用具的其他部件上,以及这里所述的口服剂型上。每种剂型可单独承载,例如在一片金属薄片-塑料薄片中,每种剂型在单个小室或空泡中和其他的分离开,或者所述剂型装在单个容器中,例如塑料瓶中。所述的成套用具还典型的包括包装单个用具成分的方法,例如所述剂型、容器装置已及应用指南。这样的包可以采用硬纸板或纸盒的形式,塑料或箔袋等等。
实验部分
本发明的实施,除非特别说明,将运用药物制剂常规的技术等,它在本领域的技术范围内。在文献中对于这样的技术进行了充分的解释。在下面的例子中,已经努力保证所用数字(例如数量、温度等)的精确性,但应该考虑一些实验误差和偏差。除非另外说明,温度是摄氏温度,压力是在或接近海平面的大气压。所有的试剂都是商业获得的,除非特别说明。
例1
一种多层片剂,它包含一层持续释放的洛伐他丁,一层持续释放的依托普利和一层包含即刻释放的阿司匹林、维生素B6、维生素B12和叶酸的混合物,根据下表配制。每一层的成分是单独混合的,然后应用合适的分层压缩机压缩产生层片剂。
*羟丙基甲基纤维素的品牌来自Dow化学公司,Midland,Michigan。
例2
包含洛伐他丁和依托普利的持续释放珠,在混合基质中的依托普利的片剂,基质包含阿司匹林、维生素B6、维生素B12和叶酸,根据下面配制。
将每种珠制剂和基质层的粉末成分分别混合。为了制造每种珠制剂,将纯化水(700gm)加入到上面成分的粉末中,将混合物揉成团并从挤压制粒机中挤压出来而获得杆状颗粒。然后通过Marumerizer将颗粒变圆并在55℃下干燥3小时。将这样配制所得的珠过筛获得持续释放的珠,这种珠通过14mesh筛但不通过26mesh筛。然后将所述持续释放的珠和基质制剂混合,压缩塑形成片剂。所述持续释放的珠和基质混合,然后压缩进片剂中制造下面的组合物/片:
洛伐他丁 | 80mg |
依托普利 | 40mg |
阿司匹林 | 81mg |
维生素B6 | 50mg |
维生素B12 | 1mg |
叶酸 | 3mg |
例3
如例2那样配制片剂,除了持续释放珠都用水或非水系统中的肠溶多聚物涂衣。洛伐他丁和依托普利的持续释放珠分别涂衣。包含10%-15%的邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(w/w)的Eudragit L-30D-55应用在水系统中。所述包衣悬浮液配制为有10%-30%的固态内容物。为了配制包衣悬浮液,在Eudragit L-30D-55中加入邻苯二甲酸二乙酯,搅拌内容物直至邻苯二甲酸二乙酯完全溶解。所得的悬浮液用水稀释而获得包含理想比例固态内容物的悬浮液。应用这种肠溶衣悬浮液,将所述珠涂衣,例如在流化床系统中应用Wurster插入或用喷雾涂衣,这样就制造了肠溶衣珠。
例4
配制片剂或胶囊使得所有活性药物都以即刻释放单剂量单位的形式出现。根据下面配制一种硬明胶胶囊制剂。下面的成分在每个胶囊中都应用:
洛伐他丁 | 80mg |
依托普利 | 40mg |
阿司匹林 | 81mg |
维生素B6 | 50mg |
维生素B12 | 1mg |
叶酸 | 3mg |
碳酸钙 | 50mg |
氧化镁 | 50mg |
碳酸镁 | 25mg |
玉米淀粉 | 25mg |
硬脂酸镁 | 1mg |
将粉末成分混合并密封装在硬明胶胶囊中。缓冲剂的量(碳酸钙、碳酸镁、氧化镁)可根据需要调整,从而使得胃肠道反应和活性药物之间可能的相互作用最小化。应该明白的是如果需要,这些缓冲剂可以为其他合适的缓冲剂所替代。
例5
配制片剂或胶囊,其中所有活性药物都分别存在于保护性涂衣或涂肠溶衣的颗粒或珠中。在硬明胶胶囊剂型中,根据熟知的药学步骤将每种活性药物颗粒化并用醋酸纤维邻苯二甲酸酯涂衣,例如Remington’s,supra.中所提出的方法。所述活性药物如下出现在每个胶囊中:
普伐他汀 | 40mg |
雷米普利 | 10mg |
阿司匹林 | 81mg |
维生素B6 | 50mg |
维生素B12 | 1mg |
叶酸 | 3mg |
例6
通过标准药学技术将每种活性药物分别配制入涂衣或未涂衣的压缩片剂中,然后将这些片剂包入硬明胶胶囊中。
例7
例1的胶囊制剂应用于双-盲、安慰剂对照的250名(N=250)高心血管风险受试者的研究中。将受试者分为3组:组1(“普通护理”)(N=100)接受常规医学护理和每日一次的安慰剂胶囊;组2(“上升风险的处理”)(N=100)接受常规医学护理加每日一次的包含80mg洛伐他丁的胶囊;组3(“激进风险处理”)接受常规医学护理加每日一次的例1片剂。
研究的进入原则:所有大于18周岁有系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)的人,SLE的定义如1997修改的ACR准则,或由美国风湿病学会会员诊断的也是合格的。记录SLE表现/标准。
以下排除原则将运用:肝脏疾病、怀孕、哺乳或不愿意应用可接受的避孕;过量酒精消耗;伴用消胆胺、烟酸或红霉素;阿司匹林不耐受;伴用锂;伴用钾补充或少量排钾的利尿剂;伴用环孢菌素;对于ACE抑制剂过敏或敏感史;充血性心力衰竭;肾动脉狭窄;在最近的6个月中有消化器官的溃疡疾病;颅内出血或脑肿瘤史;出血体质;肌肉疾病史;参与另外一种实验药物的研究者。
所述研究将持续5年。三组每一组中都有大约10%的受试者给予一种血压测定器,每天测定和记录他们的血压一次。组2和3将接受个性化的对于降低心血管风险的病人教育。所有组中的受试者将接受下面的实验室测试:
基准:血压;ANA;C-反应蛋白;抗磷脂抗体;总HDL和LDL胆固醇;CBC;肌酸;钾。将保存血清。
三周:血压;SGPT;总HDL和LDL胆固醇;CBC;肌酸;钾。将保存血清(1红顶)。
出口:血压;总HDL和LDL胆固醇;CBC;肌酸。将保存血清(1红顶)。
研究完成时发现,组2中的受试者发生心血管事件要比组1的少,组3中的受试者发生心血管事件要明显比组2的少。
Claims (44)
1.一种可口服施用的治疗高心血管风险病人的药物剂型,所述药物剂型包含至少三种活性药物,包括以下各组分的组合:
(a)治疗有效日剂量的降低胆固醇药物,作为第一活性药物,其中所述降低胆固醇药物是可控释放方式,所述方式是持续释放;
(b)治疗有效日剂量的肾素-血管紧张素系统抑制剂,作为第二活性药物,其中所述肾素-血管紧张素系统抑制剂是即刻释放方式;
(c)治疗有效日剂量的阿司匹林,作为第三活性药物,其中所述阿司匹林是延迟释放方式。
2.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其中所述降低胆固醇的药物选自HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂、胆汁酸多价螯合剂、普罗布考和神经纤维酸药物以及它们的组合。
3.如权利要求2所述的剂型,其中所述降低胆固醇的药物是HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂。
4.如权利要求3所述的剂型,其中所述HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂选自阿伐他汀、赛维他汀、氟仑多他汀、氟伐他汀、洛伐他丁、美伐他丁、普伐他汀、辛伐他汀和韦罗他汀。
5.如权利要求4所述的剂型,其中所述HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂是辛伐他丁。
6.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其中所述肾素-血管紧张素系统抑制剂选自血管紧张素原转化酶(ACE)抑制剂和血管紧张素II拮抗剂。
7.如权利要求6所述的剂型,其中所述肾素-血管紧张素系统抑制剂是ACE抑制剂。
8.如权利要求7所述的剂型,其中ACE抑制剂选自卡托普利、西拉普利、地拉普利、依托普利、芬噻普利、福辛普利、吲哚普利、赖诺普利、吡伐普利、喹那普利、雷米普利、螺普利、群多普利和佐芬普利。
9.如权利要求8所述的剂型,其中ACE抑制剂是依托普利。
10.如权利要求6所述的剂型,其中所述肾素-血管紧张素系统抑制剂是血管紧张素II拮抗剂。
11.如权利要求10所述的剂型,其中所述血管紧张素II拮抗剂选自洛沙坦、依贝沙坦、依普沙坦、坎地沙坦、缬沙坦、替米沙坦、zolasartan、和他索沙坦。
12.如权利要求9所述的剂型,其中所述血管紧张素II拮抗剂是洛沙坦。
13.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其中至少三种活性药物中的至少一种和其他活性药物物理上分开。
14.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其中阿司匹林与第一和第二种活性药物物理上分开。
15.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其中所述第一、第二和第三种活性药物物理上分开。
16.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其中所述剂型是胶囊,所述至少三种活性药物配制成剂量单位,所述剂量单位包含大量混合的的珠或颗粒。
17.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其中所述剂型是胶囊,所述至少三种活性药物配制成剂量单位,所述剂量单位在胶囊中包含片剂。
18.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其中所述剂型是压缩的片剂,所述至少三种活性药物配制成剂量单位,所述剂量单位包含大量的珠或颗粒。
19.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其中所述压缩片剂是分层片剂,各活性药物配制成剂量单位,所述剂量单位各自包含片剂的一层或多层。
20.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其中所述剂型是片剂,由至少涂有两个同心层的内核构成。
21.如权利要求20所述的剂型,其中所述片剂包含两个同心层,其中所述至少三种活性药物中的至少一种配制成剂量单位,所述剂量单位是内核,所述其它活性药物配制成剂量单位,所述剂量单位是两个同心层。
22.如权利要求20所述的剂型,其中所述片剂包含三个同心层,所述内核由一种惰性材料构成,所述至少三种活性药物配制成剂量单位,所述剂量单位是三个同心层。
23.如权利要求1所述的剂型,进一步包含维生素B6、维生素B12和叶酸中的至少一种。
24.一种可口服施用的治疗高心血管风险病人的药物剂型,包括以下各组分的组合:
第一剂量单位,包含大约10mg-120mg的HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂,选自阿伐他汀、氟伐他汀、洛伐他丁、普伐他汀和辛伐他汀,,其中所述降低胆固醇药物是可控释放方式,所述方式是持续释放;
第二剂量单位包含大约1mg-60mg的肾素-血管紧张素系统抑制剂,选自卡托普利、依托普利、福辛普利、赖诺普利、喹那普利、雷米普利和群多普利和佐芬普利,其中所述肾素-血管紧张素系统抑制剂是即刻释放方式;
第三剂量单位包含大约20-600mg的阿司匹林,其中所述阿司匹林是延迟释放方式。
25.如权利要求24所述的剂型,其中至少三种活性药物中的至少一种和其他活性药物物理上分开。
26.如权利要求25所述的剂型,其中阿司匹林与第一和第二种活性药物物理上分开。
27.如权利要求24所述的剂型,其中所述第一、第二和第三种活性药物物理上分开。
28.如权利要求24所述的剂型,其中所述HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂是辛伐他丁。
29.如权利要求24所述的剂型,其中ACE抑制剂是依托普利。
30.如权利要求24所述的剂型,其中所述剂型是胶囊,所述至少三种活性药物配制成剂量单位,所述剂量单位包含大量的珠或颗粒。
31.如权利要求24所述的剂型,其中所述剂型是胶囊,所述剂量单位在胶囊中包含片剂。
32.如权利要求24所述的剂型,其中所述剂型是压缩的片剂,所述至少三种活性药物配制成剂量单位,所述剂量单位包含混合的大量的珠或颗粒。
33.如权利要求24所述的剂型,其中所述压缩片剂是分层片剂,各活性药物配制成剂量单位,所述剂量单位各自包含片剂的一层或多层。
34.如权利要求24所述的剂型,其中所述剂型是片剂,由至少涂有两个同心层的内核构成。
35.如权利要求24所述的剂型,其中所述片剂包含两个同心层,其中所述至少三种活性药物中的至少一种配制成剂量单位,所述剂量单位是内核,所述其它活性药物配制成剂量单位,所述剂量单位是两个同心层。
36.如权利要求34所述的剂型,其中所述片剂包含三个同心层,所述内核由一种惰性材料构成,所述至少三种活性药物配制成剂量单位,所述剂量单位是三个同心层。
37.如权利要求24所述的剂型,进一步包含维生素B6、维生素B12和叶酸中的至少一种。
38.一种高心血管风险的病人在自己施用至少三种活性药物中应用的成套用具,所述成套用具包括承载口服剂型的包装容器,药物施用指南,其特征在于,在口服剂型中掺入至少三种活性药物的组合,所述口服剂型包含:
(a)治疗有效日剂量的降低胆固醇药物,作为第一活性药物,其中所述降低胆固醇药物是可控释放方式,所述方式是持续释放;
(b)治疗有效日剂量的肾素-血管紧张素系统抑制剂,作为第二活性药物,其中所述肾素-血管紧张素系统抑制剂是即刻释放方式;
(c)治疗有效日剂量的阿司匹林,作为第三活性药物,其中所述阿司匹林是延迟释放方式。
39.如权利要求38所述的成套用具,其中至少三种活性药物中的至少一种和其他活性药物物理上分开。
40.如权利要求39所述的成套用具,其中阿司匹林与第一和第二种活性药物物理上分开。
41.如权利要求38所述的成套用具,其中所述第一、第二和第三种活性药物物理上分开。
42.如权利要求38所述的成套用具,其中所述口服剂型包含:
大约10mg-120mg的HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂作为降低胆固醇药物,选自阿伐他汀、氟伐他汀、洛伐他丁、普伐他汀和辛伐他汀;
大约1mg-60mg的ACE抑制剂作为肾素-血管紧张素系统抑制剂,所述ACE抑制剂选自卡托普利、依托普利、福辛普利、赖诺普利、喹那普利、雷米普利和群多普利和佐芬普利;
大约20-600mg的阿司匹林;和
(d)药学上可接受的载体。
43.如权利要求42所述的成套用具,其中所述HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂是辛伐他丁,所述ACE抑制剂是依托普利。
44.如权利要求42所述的成套用具,其中所述口服剂型还包含
(e)至少一种:
(i)大约25mg-75mg的维生素B6;
(ii)大约0.25mg-2mg的维生素B12;
(iii)大约1mg-8mg的叶酸。
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CN200910148802A Pending CN101642459A (zh) | 2001-08-28 | 2002-08-28 | 含有降低胆固醇的药物、肾素-血管紧张素抑制剂和阿司匹林的联合剂型 |
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- 2002-08-28 JP JP2003524552A patent/JP2005504064A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-08-28 CN CNA028213513A patent/CN1575162A/zh active Pending
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CN113143888A (zh) * | 2013-06-06 | 2021-07-23 | 菲尔若国际公司 | 用于治疗心血管疾病的口服制剂 |
WO2019109415A1 (zh) * | 2017-12-04 | 2019-06-13 | 清华大学 | 一种靶向降解hmgcr的化合物及其应用 |
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IL160643A (en) | 2010-02-17 |
EP1429729B1 (en) | 2011-10-26 |
CA2461958A1 (en) | 2003-03-13 |
JP2005504064A (ja) | 2005-02-10 |
EP1429729A4 (en) | 2007-07-04 |
WO2003020243A1 (en) | 2003-03-13 |
US6669955B2 (en) | 2003-12-30 |
IL160643A0 (en) | 2004-07-25 |
ES2307463T3 (es) | 2012-03-12 |
CA2461958C (en) | 2010-05-11 |
AU2002336419B2 (en) | 2007-07-19 |
JP2009256381A (ja) | 2009-11-05 |
ZA200402417B (en) | 2005-06-29 |
US20030068366A1 (en) | 2003-04-10 |
EP1429729A1 (en) | 2004-06-23 |
ES2307463T1 (es) | 2008-12-01 |
JP2013006857A (ja) | 2013-01-10 |
CN1575162A (zh) | 2005-02-02 |
NZ532014A (en) | 2005-12-23 |
KR20040037075A (ko) | 2004-05-04 |
ATE530167T1 (de) | 2011-11-15 |
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