CN101627216A - 球节 - Google Patents

球节 Download PDF

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CN101627216A
CN101627216A CN200780051767A CN200780051767A CN101627216A CN 101627216 A CN101627216 A CN 101627216A CN 200780051767 A CN200780051767 A CN 200780051767A CN 200780051767 A CN200780051767 A CN 200780051767A CN 101627216 A CN101627216 A CN 101627216A
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ball
bulb
housing
supporting sleeve
joint
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CN101627216B (zh
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L·绍曼
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With industry technology Kaili Automobile Co. Ltd. know Mao
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TRW Automotive GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
    • F16C11/0619—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints the female part comprising a blind socket receiving the male part
    • F16C11/0623—Construction or details of the socket member
    • F16C11/0628—Construction or details of the socket member with linings
    • F16C11/0633—Construction or details of the socket member with linings the linings being made of plastics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
    • F16C11/0619—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints the female part comprising a blind socket receiving the male part
    • F16C11/0623—Construction or details of the socket member
    • F16C11/0628—Construction or details of the socket member with linings
    • F16C11/0633—Construction or details of the socket member with linings the linings being made of plastics
    • F16C11/0638—Construction or details of the socket member with linings the linings being made of plastics characterised by geometrical details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
    • F16C11/0619—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints the female part comprising a blind socket receiving the male part
    • F16C11/0623—Construction or details of the socket member
    • F16C11/0642—Special features of the plug or cover on the blind end of the socket
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
    • F16C11/0619—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints the female part comprising a blind socket receiving the male part
    • F16C11/0623—Construction or details of the socket member
    • F16C11/0647—Special features relating to adjustment for wear or play; Wear indicators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
    • F16C11/0685—Manufacture of ball-joints and parts thereof, e.g. assembly of ball-joints
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
    • F16C11/08—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints with resilient bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
    • F16C11/0666—Sealing means between the socket and the inner member shaft
    • F16C11/0671—Sealing means between the socket and the inner member shaft allowing operative relative movement of joint parts due to flexing of the sealing means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
    • F16C11/08—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints with resilient bearings
    • F16C11/083—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints with resilient bearings by means of parts of rubber or like materials
    • F16C11/086—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints with resilient bearings by means of parts of rubber or like materials with an elastomeric member in the blind end of a socket
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/32—Articulated members
    • Y10T403/32606—Pivoted
    • Y10T403/32631—Universal ball and socket
    • Y10T403/32713—Elastomerically biased or backed components
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/32—Articulated members
    • Y10T403/32606—Pivoted
    • Y10T403/32631—Universal ball and socket
    • Y10T403/32721—Elastomeric seat
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/32—Articulated members
    • Y10T403/32606—Pivoted
    • Y10T403/32631—Universal ball and socket
    • Y10T403/32737—Universal ball and socket including liner, shim, or discrete seat
    • Y10T403/32762—Spring-biased seat opposite ball stud

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Pivots And Pivotal Connections (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种球节(11)，尤其是径向球节，其具有壳体(18)、支承套(10)以及带有球头(28)的球面轴颈(26)，支承套设置在壳体(18)内，球头设置在支承套(10)内，其中，壳体(18)具有安装开口(30)以接纳支承套(10)和球头(28)，安装开口通过固定在壳体(18)上的壳体盖(22)封闭。球头(28)以及壳体盖(22)使支承套(10)如此变形，即，由变形得到的回复力对球头(28)以离开壳体盖(22)的方式加载并且相对壳体(18)预紧所述球头。

Description

球节
技术领域
本发明涉及一种球节，尤其是径向球节(Radialkugelgelenk)，其具有壳体、支承套以及带有球头的球面轴颈，支承套设置在壳体内，球头设置在支承套内，其中，壳体具有安装开口以接纳支承套和球头，安装开口通过固定在壳体上的壳体盖封闭。
背景技术
例如在车辆中使用径向球节，在轴向力较低而倾斜角较大的情况下这种球节必须承受较高的径向力。由于径向球节的长期使用产生的磨损可能会导致球节由于关节内的自由间隙而在车辆运行中引起噪音。
为了避免关节内的这种自由间隙，现有技术公开了一种球节11′(参见图4)，其中，在所述关节已组装的状态下，在壳体盖22′和支承套10′之间设置独立的、预紧的弹性元件13′。通过弹性元件13′(图4中是两个盘形弹簧)的预紧，使支承套10′压靠在球面轴颈26′的球头28′上，从而，在出现支承套10′磨损的情况下，在支承套10′和球面轴颈26′之间也始终存在接触，并且在球头28′和支承套10′之间不会产生自由间隙。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种球节，尤其是径向球节，其中，在关节内不会出现由于支承套磨损导致的自由间隙，在此应该能够特别紧凑、简单且廉价地制造这种球节。
根据本发明，上述目的通过前言所述类型的球节得以实现，其中，球头和壳体盖使支承套如此弹性变形，即，由变形得到的回复力对球头以离开壳体盖的方式加载并且相对壳体预紧该球头。在现有技术中常见的独立弹性元件的功能在根据本发明的球节中由支承套承担，因此可以弃用独立弹性元件。由此使得球节整体更紧凑，其结构更简单，并且其制造更廉价。
在一个实施方式中，在安装壳体盖之前，球头和支承套具有至少在局部相反的曲率。因而避免了在支承套未变形情况下球头在该区域内全面贴合在支承套上。因此，支承套的弹性变形不仅仅是在保持支承套形状的条件下压缩材料，而是(也)使套壳的实际形状亦即支承套的外形轮廓发生改变。通过这种形状变化，允许实现相对较大的变形路程，而不必将关节构造得特别僵紧或者将支承套构造得特别厚。因此，也能够补偿较强的磨损现象，而不会在关节内出现自由间隙。
在该实施方式中，支承套的一个反向于球头弯曲的部分起到环形弹簧的作用，该环形弹簧相对于壳体沿球节的纵轴线方向对球头加载。支承套由此便承担了在壳体内预紧球头的弹性元件的功能。而至今在现有技术中为此设置常见的独立弹性元件，例如盘形弹簧。
在其未变形的初始状态下，支承套优选具有基本为圆柱形的侧壁以及邻接于壳体盖的端壁。在此尤其优选的是，端壁在壳体和壳体盖之间按照盘形弹簧的方式预紧。因此通过准确限定的支承套部分而确定了弹簧硬度。相应地，通过端壁的构造设计，能够准确地设定后来以离开壳体盖的方式加载球头的回复力。
在沿球节的纵剖面中观察，球头和支承套端壁尤其能够至少在局部是反向弯曲的。
在另一实施方式中，支承套端壁具有居中的开口，其中，开口边缘在球节已装配的状态下形成一个与壳体盖接触的环形盖接触面。在安装壳体盖时，通过移动该开口边缘使得支承套尤其是支承套端壁变形并被预紧。
在这里，在开口的边缘上成形一增强环，用以加大环形盖接触面。开口边缘构成了在壳体盖上支承套的起弹簧作用的端壁的支座。借助于增强的弹簧支座更精确地确定端壁的边缘条件，从而能够更好地设定回复力。
在环形盖接触面和侧壁之间，端壁优选形成一个与球头接触的球头接触面。通过所述环形球头接触面，支承套对球头施加回复力，该回复力对球头以离开壳体盖的方式加载并且相对壳体预紧该球头。
附图说明
结合附图从对优选实施方式的以下说明得到本发明的其他特征和优点。图中：
图1示出在未变形初始状态下的本发明球节的支承套的纵剖图；
图2示出本发明球节的纵剖图，在此装上了壳体盖，但是还未将其固定在壳体上；
图3示出在完成装配状态下的本发明球节的纵剖图，在该图中，壳体盖被固定在壳体上；以及
图4示出根据现有技术的球节的纵剖图。
具体实施方式
图1示出在未变形的初始状态下的球节11(图2和图3)的支承套10。支承套10至少部分是弹性的，并且优选由弹性的塑料材料制成。在所示实施方式中，支承套10具有基本为圆柱形的侧壁12以及与之邻接的端壁14。侧壁12和端壁14之间的过渡区域以增强的方式构造，并且该过渡区域具有突出部16，通过该突出部，支承套10在球节11装配好的状态下被固定在壳体18上(图3)。因而该过渡区域就作为用于弯曲端壁14的固定的支座。从外部观察端壁14呈凹形，并且在本实施例中具有一曲率半径r。此外，端壁14具有居中的开口20，其中，开口20的边缘在球节装配好的状态下形成一个与壳体盖22接触的环形盖接触面(图3)。该开口20的边缘构成了起到弹簧作用的弯曲端壁14的另一支座。越准确地确定端壁14的边缘条件或者支座状况，越能够准确地设定希望的回复力。因此，通过在开口20的边缘上成形一增强环24用以加大环形盖接触面，所述另一支座便也被以增强的方式构造。
在图2中示出了一个球节11，更准确地说是径向球节，其具有壳体18和带球头28的球面轴颈26，支承套10设置在壳体18内，其中，球头28设置在支承套10内。为了接纳支承套10和球头28，在壳体18内设有安装开口30，该安装开口在接纳了支承套10和球头28之后通过壳体盖22加以封闭。在安装开口30的对置侧，壳体18还具有轴颈开口32，球面轴颈26的轴颈部34通过该轴颈开口伸出壳体18之外。安装开口30和轴颈开口34通常是圆形开口，其中，安装开口30的直径大于球头28的直径，而轴颈开口34的直径小于球头28的直径。在此，安装开口30、轴颈开口34和支承套内的开口20的中心都位于球节11的纵轴线A上。
在图2中，壳体盖22已经盖装在壳体18上，但是还未固定在壳体18上。壳体盖在轴向上与其在球节11装配好的状态下的最终位置分开一段大小为s的距离，因而支承套10尤其是支承套10的端面14还没有或者仅稍微被预紧。
支承套10的侧壁12的表面已基本完全贴合在壳体18和球头28上，在这里侧壁相对于其圆柱形的初始状态(图1)稍稍变形。然而与图2不同，在球节11已装配完成的状态下，从图3也可以看出，支承套10的端壁14不完全填满球头28和壳体盖22之间的空间。在纵剖面中观察，端壁14在该区域内在局部反向于球头28地弯曲，仅以端壁开口的边缘贴合在壳体盖22上，并且形成一个与壳体盖22接触的环形盖接触面。在该环形盖接触面和侧壁12之间，端壁14接触球头28，并且构成一个与球头28接触的环形球头接触面。支承套10的侧壁12和端壁14之间的过渡区域以及端壁14内开口20的边缘形成了用于支承套10的被构造为弹簧的端壁14的支座。为了获得尽可能确定的边缘条件，支承套10在该区域内具有增强部。于是，外侧环绕的突出部16是成形在侧壁12和端壁14之间的过渡区域内，该突出部16嵌入到壳体18的凹口内。将壳体盖22固定在壳体18上之后(图3)，突出部16通过壳体盖22被如此压入缺口部之内，即，支承套10的侧壁12和端壁14之间的过渡区域至少在纵轴线A的方向上是固定的。在端壁14开口的边缘上成形有增强环24，用以加大环形盖接触面。在开口边缘上的该增强也属于被构造为弹簧的端壁14的确定的边缘条件。
从图2出发，壳体盖22在轴向上朝壳体18运动大小为s的一段距离并被固定到壳体18上，从而得到根据图3的装配完成的球节11。在此，支承套10的端壁14按照盘形弹簧的方式预紧并且弹性地变形，其中，由变形得到的回复力对球头28以离开壳体盖22的方式加载并且相对壳体18预紧球头。在这里，所述变形除了端壁14中的材料压缩之外，还包括端壁14的实际的形状变化，这时，曲率半径r(参见图1)变大了。在此，该变形可如此程度地进行，使得在固定了壳体盖22之后，在球节纵剖面中观察，端壁14不再有弯曲，而基本上呈现为截锥体形形状。通过位于突出部16和增强环24区域内的支座，端壁14支承在壳体18以及壳体盖22上，并且通过环形球头接触面沿箭头F方向对球头28加载(图3)。在此，沿整体的环形球头接触面观察，那些不在轴向上发生作用的力分量是彼此抵消的，从而使获得的合力朝轴颈开口32那边沿轴向作用于球头28。因而，在出现磨损的情况下在关节内不产生自由间隙，而是端壁14变形逐渐增大地回到图1所示的其初始位置，并且负责使球头28和支承套10之间持久接触。

Claims (9)

1.一种球节，尤其是径向球节，其具有壳体(18)、支承套(10)以及带有球头(28)的球面轴颈(26)，所述支承套设置在所述壳体(18)内，所述球头设置在所述支承套(10)内，其中，所述壳体(18)具有安装开口(30)以接纳所述支承套(10)和所述球头(28)，所述安装开口通过固定在所述壳体(18)上的壳体盖(22)封闭，其特征在于，所述球头(28)以及所述壳体盖(22)使所述支承套(10)如此弹性变形，即，由变形得到的回复力对所述球头(28)以离开壳体盖(22)的方式加载并且相对壳体(18)预紧所述球头(28)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的球节，其特征在于，在安装所述壳体盖(22)之前，所述球头(28)和所述支承套(10)具有至少在局部相反的曲率。
3.根据权利要求2所述的球节，其特征在于，所述支承套(10)的一个反向于所述球头(28)弯曲的部分起到环形弹簧的作用，该环形弹簧相对于所述壳体(18)沿所述球节(11)的纵轴线方向对所述球头(28)加载。
4.根据前述权利要求之一所述的球节，其特征在于，所述支承套(10)在其未变形的初始状态下具有基本为圆柱形的侧壁(12)以及与所述壳体盖邻接的端壁(14)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的球节，其特征在于，所述端壁(14)在所述壳体(18)和所述壳体盖(22)之间按照盘形弹簧的方式预紧。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的球节，其特征在于，在所述球节(11)的纵剖面中观察，所述球头(28)和所述支承套(10)的端壁(14)至少在局部是反向弯曲的。
7.根据权利要求4至6之一所述的球节，其特征在于，所述支承套(10)的端壁(14)具有居中的开口(20)，其中，所述开口(20)的边缘在所述球节(11)已装配的状态下形成一个与所述壳体盖(22)接触的环形盖接触面。
8.根据权利要求7所述的球节，其特征在于，在所述开口(20)的边缘上成形一增强环(24)，用以加大所述环形盖接触面。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的球节，其特征在于，所述端壁(14)在所述环形盖接触面和所述侧壁(12)之间形成一个与所述球头(28)接触的环形球头接触面。
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