CN101622937A - Culture method of large export peanuts - Google Patents
Culture method of large export peanuts Download PDFInfo
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- CN101622937A CN101622937A CN200910165667A CN200910165667A CN101622937A CN 101622937 A CN101622937 A CN 101622937A CN 200910165667 A CN200910165667 A CN 200910165667A CN 200910165667 A CN200910165667 A CN 200910165667A CN 101622937 A CN101622937 A CN 101622937A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a culture method of large export peanuts. The method comprises the following steps: selecting a new variety of large export peanuts; postponing sowing time than traditional peanut-sowing time by 10-15 days; covering a coloring plastic film; and using a manurial effect postponing technology. The culture method which is utilized to plant peanuts is simple and easy for farmers to grasp, has high peanut yield, low production cost, high output-accordant seed pod proportion and nuclei proportion of the peanuts and brings the farmers with considerable economic benefits by improving the per-mu yield of the peanuts by 30-50 kg, the output-accordant seed pod proportion by 15-22 percent and the output-accordant nuclei proportion by 20-27 percent. The culture method which is utilized to plant the peanuts has favorable economic benefits and social benefits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of culture method of large export peanuts, belong to the peanut cultivation technical field.
Background technology
Peanut is important oil crop of China and economic crops." during "the 10th five-years" " the average cultivated area of China's peanut is about 5,000,000 hectares, and about 1,400 ten thousand tons of output rank first in the world, and account for more than 40% of Gross World Product.Peanut is one of traditional large agricultural product of outlet of China, exports to more than 100 countries and regions, 77.8 ten thousand tons of annual export volumes, about more than 600,000,000 dollars.For many years, peanut of China and (Groundnut products) occupy an important position in world's peanut export trade.The statistics of FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation) (FAO) shows, 2000～2005 years, China shelled, reach 29.8%, 33.9% and 44.6% with the total volume of exports of shell and processing peanut respectively in the similar peanut in the world and the (Groundnut products) export trade.In recent years, China's peanut export trade presents the trend of minimizing generally.This trend will continue in one period from now on.The prediction of U.S.'s grain and agricultural policy research association shows, in 2008/09 year, except that peanut dregs, the net export of China's raw material peanut and peanut oil estimates that wherein, raw material peanut net export will reduce 7.4% than minimizing was all arranged in 2007/08 year.This is main and China exports peanut cultivation and preliminary working spreads all over huge numbers of families, the culture technique level is low, production management and process control are perfect inadequately, show that mainly the peanut pod of common cultivation method production and the ratio that seed benevolence meets export standard are low, the volt fruit decayed fruit and the fruit that germinates are many, the residual reason such as serious of farming.
The tradition large export peanuts requires pod plain edition (be so-called tradition fruit, the international market claims Virginia type), and fruit is long, and the fruit type is unfolded attractive in appearance, and fruit waist, fruit mouth are obvious, and reticulate pattern is superficial.Long ellipse of seed benevolence or ellipse, the exosper pink, lovely luster, flawless, no black milky spot, secundine is orange-yellow.Have delicate fragrance, sweet crisp taste.Oil content is moderate, the protein content height, and oleic acid/linoleic acid ratio (O/L ratio) is more than 1.4, and keeping quality is good.Require fruit, benevolence neat, full from machining angle, processing yield height.
Summary of the invention
At the major peanut outlet defective that current China traditional cultivation method causes, the invention provides a kind of cultivation method of large export peanuts, experiment shows, this method is simple, production cost is low, and comprehensive benefit is good, has brought considerable economic for peasant and export and processing enterprise.
Technical solution of the present invention is:
Select export-oriented major peanut new varieties for use,, cover the color matching mulch film, move technology after the use fertilizer efficiency than traditional peanut cultivation sowing time postponement 10-15 days.
The grower selects draining, water water condition relatively good, be rich in sandy soil with organic, do not multiply a large amount of grubs, nematode and other soil insect plot plantation large export peanuts.Select that export-oriented major peanut new varieties spend 17,8130 for use, flower educates 19 and plantation such as Hua Yu 22.Than traditional peanut cultivation sowing time postponement 10-15 days, China's the Yellow River and Huai He River sea major peanut producing region spring sowing peanut was postponed in sowing on 1-May 15 May, and wheat and peanut interplant is postponed in May 20 to June 5 and being sowed, and summer direct-seeding peanut is postponed and being sowed in June 10 to June 25.Cover chequered with black and white color matching mulch film, the 30-40 cm width is white in the middle of the mulch film, and both sides each 25-30 centimetre mulch film is a black, and the thickness of mulch film is at the 0.004-0.007 millimeter, and the mulch film width is at 80-100 centimetre.Inorganic fertilizer fertilizer and film-coated controlled release fertilizer use together, mu organic fertilizer 4000-5000 kilogram, phosphorus pentoxide 10-15 kilogram, purity nitrogen 10-15 kilogram, potassium oxide 8-12 kilogram.The back of blooming sprays potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution 2-3 time of 0.2%-0.3% 6-8 week, each interval 8-10 days.Induce and use methods such as biopesticide by manual catching and killing, gyplure, damage by disease and insect such as control of grubs, cotton bollworm, the correct pesticide species of selecting to meet importer and China relevant department regulation, should unify to the agricultural chemicals distributors buying agricultural chemicals that qualification is arranged, strictly observe relevant regulations and safety interval of pesticide pollution applying pesticides, residue of pesticide are reduced in the scope of importer and China's permission.Evidence, use the peanut of this method plantation, the peanut per mu yield improves 3050 kilograms, and the pod ratio that meets outlet has improved 15-22%, the seed benevolence ratio that meets outlet has improved 20-27%, utilizes this cultivation method plantation peanut to have good economic benefit and social benefit.
Embodiment
Present embodiment is for the ease of understanding the present invention, and claim that does not limit the present invention in any way and core content.
Embodiment 1
Select draining in Qingdao, water water condition relatively good, be rich in sandy soil with organic, do not multiply a large amount of grubs, nematode and other soil insect plot, plantation on May 10 large export peanuts flower educates 19,30 cm widths are white in the middle of covering, each 25 centimetres of chequered with black and white color matching mulch film that mulch film is a black of both sides, 0.005 millimeter of the thickness of mulch film.Inorganic fertilizer fertilizer and film-coated controlled release fertilizer use together, 4500 kilograms of mu organic fertilizers, and 12 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxides, 12 kilograms of purity nitrogens, 10 kilograms of potassium oxides, the ratio of inorganic fertilizer and coating controlled-release fertilizer is 1/2.The back of blooming sprays 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution 6 weeks 3 times, each 8 days at interval.Induce and use methods such as biopesticide by manual catching and killing, gyplure, damage by disease and insect such as control of grubs, cotton bollworm, ripe back results, 426.15 kilograms of per mu yield pods, 302.46 kilograms of per mu yield seed benevolence, outlet pod ratio 42.52%, outlet seed benevolence ratio 47.65%.
The contrast cultivation method, plantation on April 26 large export peanuts flower educates 19, covers white mulch film.Inorganic fertilizer and fertilizer use, 4500 kilograms of mu organic fertilizers, and 12 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxides, 12 kilograms of purity nitrogens, 10 kilograms of potassium oxides, the admixture release and release control fertilizer does not spray foliage fertilizer.The chemical pesticide control damage by disease and insect, ripe back results.394.23 kilograms of per mu yield pods, 271.46 kilograms of per mu yield seed benevolence, outlet pod ratio 21.37%, outlet seed benevolence ratio 25.46%.
Embodiment 2
Select draining in Qingdao, water water condition relatively good, be rich in sandy soil with organic, do not multiply a large amount of grubs, nematode and other soil insect plot, plantation on May 10 large export peanuts spends 17,40 cm widths are white in the middle of covering, each 25 centimetres of chequered with black and white color matching mulch film that mulch film is a black of both sides, 0.004 millimeter of the thickness of mulch film.Inorganic fertilizer fertilizer and film-coated controlled release fertilizer use together, 4000 kilograms of mu organic fertilizers, and 10 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxides, 10 kilograms of purity nitrogens, 8 kilograms of potassium oxides, the ratio of inorganic fertilizer and coating controlled-release fertilizer is 1/3.The back of blooming sprays 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution 8 weeks 2 times, each 8 days at interval.Induce and use methods such as biopesticide by manual catching and killing, gyplure, damage by disease and insect such as control of grubs, cotton bollworm, ripe back results, 429.15 kilograms of per mu yield pods, 306.23 kilograms of per mu yield seed benevolence, outlet pod ratio 43.12%, outlet seed benevolence ratio 47.16%.
The contrast cultivation method, plantation on April 26 large export peanuts spends 17, covers white mulch film.Inorganic fertilizer and fertilizer use, 4000 kilograms of mu organic fertilizers, and 10 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxides, 10 kilograms of purity nitrogens, 8 kilograms of potassium oxides, the admixture release and release control fertilizer does not spray foliage fertilizer.The chemical pesticide control damage by disease and insect, ripe back results.374.03 kilograms of per mu yield pods, 271.46 kilograms of per mu yield seed benevolence, outlet pod ratio 20.56%, outlet seed benevolence ratio 24.38%.
Embodiment 3
Select draining in Qingdao, water water condition relatively good, be rich in sandy soil with organic, do not multiply a large amount of grubs, nematode and other soil insect plot, plantation on May 10 large export peanuts flower educates 22,30 cm widths are white in the middle of covering, each 30 centimetres of chequered with black and white color matching mulch film that mulch film is a black of both sides, 0.007 millimeter of the thickness of mulch film.Inorganic fertilizer fertilizer and film-coated controlled release fertilizer use together, 5000 kilograms of mu organic fertilizers, and 13 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxides, 13 kilograms of purity nitrogens, 11 kilograms of potassium oxides, the ratio of inorganic fertilizer and coating controlled-release fertilizer is 1/3.The back of blooming sprays 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution 8 weeks 2 times, each 10 days at interval.Induce and use methods such as biopesticide by manual catching and killing, gyplure, damage by disease and insect such as control of grubs, cotton bollworm, ripe back results, 435.15 kilograms of per mu yield pods, 313.20 kilograms of per mu yield seed benevolence, outlet pod ratio 53.26%, outlet seed benevolence ratio 55.71%.
The contrast cultivation method, plantation on April 26 large export peanuts flower educates 19.Cover white mulch film.Inorganic fertilizer and fertilizer use, 5000 kilograms of mu organic fertilizers, and 13 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxides, 13 kilograms of purity nitrogens, 11 kilograms of potassium oxides, the admixture release and release control fertilizer does not spray foliage fertilizer.The chemical pesticide control damage by disease and insect, ripe back results.395.46 kilograms of per mu yield pods, 275.18 kilograms of per mu yield seed benevolence, outlet pod ratio 32.54%, outlet seed benevolence ratio 33.18%.
Embodiment 4
Select draining in Qingdao, water water condition relatively good, be rich in sandy soil with organic, do not multiply a large amount of grubs, nematode and other soil insect plot, plantation on May 10 large export peanuts 8130,35 cm widths are white in the middle of covering, each 28 centimetres of chequered with black and white color matching mulch film that mulch film is a black of both sides, 0.006 millimeter of the thickness of mulch film.Inorganic fertilizer fertilizer and film-coated controlled release fertilizer use together, 4800 kilograms of mu organic fertilizers, and 15 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxides, 15 kilograms of purity nitrogens, 12 kilograms of potassium oxides, the ratio of inorganic fertilizer and coating controlled-release fertilizer is 2/3.The back of blooming sprays 0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution 7 weeks 2 times, each 9 days at interval.Induce and use methods such as biopesticide by manual catching and killing, gyplure, damage by disease and insect such as control of grubs, cotton bollworm, ripe back results, 434.95 kilograms of per mu yield pods, 316.57 kilograms of per mu yield seed benevolence, outlet pod ratio 53.71%, outlet seed benevolence ratio 56.36%.
The contrast cultivation method, plantation on April 26 large export peanuts 8130 covers white mulch film.Inorganic fertilizer and fertilizer use, 4800 kilograms of mu organic fertilizers, and 15 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxides, 15 kilograms of purity nitrogens, 12 kilograms of potassium oxides, the admixture release and release control fertilizer does not spray foliage fertilizer.The chemical pesticide control damage by disease and insect, ripe back results.398.78 kilograms of per mu yield pods, 274.48 kilograms of per mu yield seed benevolence, outlet pod ratio 32.12%, outlet seed benevolence ratio 33.56%.
Embodiment 5
Select draining in Linyi, water water condition relatively good, be rich in sandy soil with organic, do not multiply a large amount of grubs, nematode and other soil insect plot, wheat cover plantation on June 1 large export peanuts flower educates 19,30 cm widths are white in the middle of covering, each 25 centimetres of chequered with black and white color matching mulch film that mulch film is a black of both sides, 0.005 millimeter of the thickness of mulch film.Inorganic fertilizer fertilizer and film-coated controlled release fertilizer use together, 4500 kilograms of mu organic fertilizers, and 12 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxides, 12 kilograms of purity nitrogens, 10 kilograms of potassium oxides, the ratio of inorganic fertilizer and coating controlled-release fertilizer is 1/2.The back of blooming sprays 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution 6 weeks 3 times, each 8 days at interval.Induce and use methods such as biopesticide by manual catching and killing, gyplure, damage by disease and insect such as control of grubs, cotton bollworm, ripe back results, 415.73 kilograms of per mu yield pods, 290.50 kilograms of per mu yield seed benevolence, outlet pod ratio 44.26%, outlet seed benevolence ratio 48.35%.
The contrast cultivation method, wheat cover plantation on May 18 large export peanuts flower educates 19, covers white mulch film.Inorganic fertilizer and fertilizer use, 4500 kilograms of mu organic fertilizers, and 12 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxides, 12 kilograms of purity nitrogens, 10 kilograms of potassium oxides, the admixture release and release control fertilizer does not spray foliage fertilizer.The chemical pesticide control damage by disease and insect, ripe back results.387.16 kilograms of per mu yield pods, 262.37 kilograms of per mu yield seed benevolence, outlet pod ratio 25.42%, outlet seed benevolence ratio 27.31%.
Embodiment 6
Select draining in Linyi, water water condition relatively good, be rich in sandy soil with organic, do not multiply a large amount of grubs, nematode and other soil insect plot, 20 summer of June direct-seeding planting large export peanuts flower educates 22,30 cm widths are white in the middle of covering, each 30 centimetres of chequered with black and white color matching mulch film that mulch film is a black of both sides, 0.007 millimeter of the thickness of mulch film.Inorganic fertilizer fertilizer and film-coated controlled release fertilizer use together, 5000 kilograms of mu organic fertilizers, and 15 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxides, 15 kilograms of purity nitrogens, 12 kilograms of potassium oxides, the ratio of inorganic fertilizer and coating controlled-release fertilizer is 2/3.The back of blooming sprays 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution 6 weeks 2 times, each 10 days at interval.Induce and use methods such as biopesticide by manual catching and killing, gyplure, damage by disease and insect such as control of grubs, cotton bollworm, ripe back results, 427.26 kilograms of per mu yield pods, 310.15 kilograms of per mu yield seed benevolence, outlet pod ratio 55.38%, outlet seed benevolence ratio 57.89%.
The contrast cultivation method, 5 summer of June direct-seeding planting large export peanuts flower educates 22, covers white mulch film.Inorganic fertilizer and fertilizer use, 5000 kilograms of mu organic fertilizers, and 15 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxides, 15 kilograms of purity nitrogens, 12 kilograms of potassium oxides, the admixture release and release control fertilizer does not spray foliage fertilizer.The chemical pesticide control damage by disease and insect, ripe back results.390.17 kilograms of per mu yield pods, 273.56 kilograms of per mu yield seed benevolence, outlet pod ratio 34.58%, outlet seed benevolence ratio 35.87%.
Claims (9)
1, a kind of culture method of large export peanuts is characterized in that, selects export-oriented major peanut new varieties for use, than traditional peanut cultivation sowing time postponement 10-15 days, covers the color matching mulch film, moves technology after the use fertilizer efficiency.
2, culture method of large export peanuts as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described large export peanuts new varieties are meant that peanut varieties that peanut pod and seed benevolence meet traditional export standard spends 17,8130, flower educates 19 and Hua Yu 22.
3, culture method of large export peanuts as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, traditional peanut cultivation sowing time of described ratio postponed 10-15 days, be meant that major peanut producing region spring sowing peanut in China the Yellow River and Huai He River sea sows in 1-May 15 May, wheat and peanut interplant is in sowing on May 20 to June 5, and summer direct-seeding peanut was sowed in June 10 to June 25.
4, culture method of large export peanuts as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described color matching mulch film is chequered with black and white mulch film.
5, culture method of large export peanuts as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, described chequered with black and white mulch film is meant that the middle 30-40 cm width of mulch film is white, and both sides each 25-30 centimetre mulch film is a black.
As claim 4 or 5 described culture method of large export peanuts, it is characterized in that 6, described chequered with black and white mulch film, the thickness of mulch film are at the 0.004-0.007 millimeter, the mulch film width is at 80-100 centimetre.
7, culture method of large export peanuts as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the technology of moving is meant that inorganic fertilizer fertilizer and film-coated controlled release fertilizer use together after the described fertilizer efficiency, mu organic fertilizer 4000-5000 kilogram, phosphorus pentoxide 10-15 kilogram, purity nitrogen 10-15 kilogram, potassium oxide 8-12 kilogram; Later stage sprays foliage fertilizer.
8, culture method of large export peanuts as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, the ratio of described inorganic fertilizer and film-coated controlled release fertilizer is 1/3-2/3.
9, culture method of large export peanuts as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, the described later stage sprays foliage fertilizer and is meant that the back of blooming sprays potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution 2-3 time of 0.2%-0.3% 6-8 week, each interval 8-10 days.
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| CN2009101656676A CN101622937B (en) | 2009-08-14 | 2009-08-14 | Culture method of large export peanuts |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102612916A (en) * | 2012-03-18 | 2012-08-01 | 山东省花生研究所 | Slow-release peanut fertilizer application method capable of realizing high efficiency and increasing yield |
| CN104380966A (en) * | 2014-11-04 | 2015-03-04 | 固镇县连龙花生专业合作社 | Timely seeding method for peanuts |
| CN104429466A (en) * | 2014-11-04 | 2015-03-25 | 固镇县连龙花生专业合作社 | High-yield cultivation technology of peanuts |
| CN107114099A (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2017-09-01 | 盐城市蔬菜研究所 | A kind of coastal area beach salt moisture soil greenhouse watermelon simplification cultural method |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101288369A (en) * | 2008-06-06 | 2008-10-22 | 山东省花生研究所 | Poor dry land plastic-film covering peanut water-saving and yield-increasing cultivation method |
| CN101473740A (en) * | 2009-01-05 | 2009-07-08 | 田德山 | High yield cultivation method of peanut |
-
2009
- 2009-08-14 CN CN2009101656676A patent/CN101622937B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102612916A (en) * | 2012-03-18 | 2012-08-01 | 山东省花生研究所 | Slow-release peanut fertilizer application method capable of realizing high efficiency and increasing yield |
| CN104380966A (en) * | 2014-11-04 | 2015-03-04 | 固镇县连龙花生专业合作社 | Timely seeding method for peanuts |
| CN104429466A (en) * | 2014-11-04 | 2015-03-25 | 固镇县连龙花生专业合作社 | High-yield cultivation technology of peanuts |
| CN107114099A (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2017-09-01 | 盐城市蔬菜研究所 | A kind of coastal area beach salt moisture soil greenhouse watermelon simplification cultural method |
| CN107114099B (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2020-04-28 | 盐城市蔬菜研究所 | Simplified cultivation method for coastal-area beach salt-moisture soil greenhouse watermelons |
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| CN101622937B (en) | 2011-05-18 |
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