CN101607866B - 2-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯(HCFC-1233xf)和氟化氢(HF)的类恒沸物组合物 - Google Patents

2-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯(HCFC-1233xf)和氟化氢(HF)的类恒沸物组合物 Download PDF

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CN101607866B
CN101607866B CN200910138740.0A CN200910138740A CN101607866B CN 101607866 B CN101607866 B CN 101607866B CN 200910138740 A CN200910138740 A CN 200910138740A CN 101607866 B CN101607866 B CN 101607866B
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H·T·范
D·C·默克尔
K·A·波克洛夫斯基
童雪松
R·R·辛
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Abstract

提供了2-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯(HCFO-1233xf)和氟化氢(HF)的恒沸物和类恒沸物组合物。该恒沸物和类恒沸物组合物可用作制备2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯(HFO-1234yf)的中间体。

Description

2-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯(HCFC-1233xf)和氟化氢(HF)的类恒沸物组合物
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请请求申请日为2008年3月6日的US临时专利申请系列号61/034184的优先权,在此一并引入作为参考。 
技术领域
本发明涉及2-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯(HCFO-1233xf)和氟化氢(HF)的恒沸物和类恒沸物组合物。更特别地,本发明涉及在制备2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯(HFO-1234yf)中可作为中间体使用的那些恒沸物和类恒沸物组合物。 
背景技术
传统上,氯氟烃(CFCs)如三氯氟甲烷和二氯二氟甲烷已被用作制冷剂、起泡剂和气态灭菌的稀释剂。近年来全卤化的氯氟烃可能会对地球臭氧层造成损害已经受到了广泛关注。因此这些材料的同温层较安全的替代物是令人期望的。因此,全球致力于使用含有较少或不含氯取代基的氟代烃。由此出发,考虑具有低臭氧耗损潜势(ozone depletion potential)的2-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯(HCFO-1233xf),作为制冷体系中的氯氟烃如二氯二氟甲烷和作为起泡剂的三氯氟甲烷的替代品。HFCs、即仅含有碳、氢和氟的化合物的制备,已成为为提供用于溶剂、起泡剂、制冷剂、清洁剂、气雾剂推进剂、热交换介质、电介质、灭火组合物和粉末循环工作液的环境所需产品的兴趣所在。已知在本领域中通过将氟化氢与多种氢化氯代烃(hydrochlorocarbon)化合物反应来制备氟代烃如HFCs。与氢化氯氟烃(HCFCs)或氯氟烃(CFCs)相比,该HFCs不仅因为它们不是非臭氧损耗性的(not non-ozone depleting)而被认为更具有环境优势,并且和含氯化合物相比它们是不可燃和无毒的。 
HCFO-1233xf是制备2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯(HFO-1234yf)的中间体,其是本领域熟知的,如US申请20070007488和20070197842所述,其公开在这里一并引入作为参考。HFO-1234yf已被公开是有效的制冷剂、热交换介质、推进剂、发泡剂、起泡剂、气态电介质、杀菌剂载体、聚合介质、颗粒去除液、载体液、抛光研磨剂、置换干燥剂和粉末循环工作液。 
已经发现在基本上纯净的HFO-1234yf的制备中重要的中间体是2-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯(HCFO-1233xf)和氟化氢的恒沸物或类恒沸物组合物。该中间体,一旦形成,可其后通过已知的萃取技术分离成其组分部分。该恒沸物和类恒沸物组合物不仅可作为制备HFO-1234yf的中间体,另外还可以作为在电子工业中用于蚀刻半导体的非水性蚀刻剂混合物、以及用于从金属上去除表面氧化的组合物。此外,HCFO-1233xf和氟化氢的恒沸物或类恒沸物组合物的形成可用于分离HCFO-1233xf和杂质如卤代烃,例如,1,1,1,2,3-五氯丙烷、1,1,2,3-四氯丙烯、2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯、2,3-二氯-3,3-二氟丙烯、1,1,1,2,2-五氟丙烷或1,2-二氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯的混合物。当需要将HCFO-1233xf和杂质的混合物分离时,加入HF以形成HCFO-1233xf和氟化氢的恒沸物混合物,然后将杂质从该恒沸物混合物中除去,如通过蒸馏或其他已知手段。然后该二元恒沸物或类恒沸物组合物可分离成其组分部分。 
发明内容
本发明提供了一种基本上由氟化氢和2-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯组成的恒沸物或类恒沸物组合物。 
本发明进而提供了一种形成恒沸物或类恒沸物组合物的方法,其包括形成基本上由约6.2mol%到约90.7mol%的氟化氢和约9.3mol%到约93.8mol%的2-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯组成的共混物,从而形成在约15psia到约107psia压力下沸点为约0℃到约61℃的恒沸物或类恒沸物组合物。 
本发明还提供了基本上由约6.2mol%到约59.9mol%的氟化氢和约40.1mol%到约93.8mol%的2-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯组成的恒沸物或类恒沸物组合物。 
本发明还提供了基本上由约71.8mol%到约90.7mol%的氟化氢和约9.3mol%到约28.2mol%的2-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯组成的恒沸物或类恒沸物组合物。 
本发明进而提供了一种形成恒沸物或类恒沸物组合物的方法,其包括形成基本上由上述组分组成的共混物。 
本发明还提供了用于从含有2-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯和至少一种杂质的混合物中除去2-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯的方法,其包括向混合物中加入足够量的氟化氢以形成2-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯和氟化氢的恒沸物或类恒沸物组合物,并在其后将所述恒沸物组合物从杂质中分离。
附图说明
图1显示了实施例2中形成的混合物在0℃、25℃和61℃测量的蒸气压图。图1是1233xf/HF体系的P-T-X。 
具体实施方式
在一种制备HCFO-1233xf前体的方法中,反应物是用氟化氢氟化的。其可以通过,例如,CCl2=CClCH2Cl与HF的气相催化氟化生产HCFO-1233xf来实现。该方法公开在US申请20070197842中,其公开在此一并引入作为参考。该前体的反应产物包括HCFO-1233xf,未反应的HF和其他副产物。除去副产物之后,形成HCFO-1233xf和HF的二元恒沸物或类恒沸物组合物。然后该二元恒沸物或类恒沸物组合物能够被分离成其组分部分。该HCFO-1233xf和HF的恒沸物或类恒沸物组合物也可循环进入氟化反应器。因此,例如,在制备HCFO-1233xf的过程中,可回收部分HCFO-1233xf作为HCFO-1233xf和HF的恒沸物或类恒沸物组合物,然后将该组合物循环至反应器中。 
HCFO-1233xf与HF形成恒沸物和类恒沸物混合物。流体的热力学状态由其压力、温度、液体组成和蒸气组成限定。对于真正的恒沸物组合物,液体组成和蒸气相在给定的温度和压力范围内是基本相等的。实际上这意味着所述组分不会在相变中分离。对于本发明来说,恒沸物是一种相对于周围混合物组合物的沸点显示出最高或最低沸点的液体混合物。恒沸物或类恒沸物组合物是两种或更多不同组分的掺和物(admix-ture),当在给定压力下为液态时,会在基本恒定的温度下沸腾,该温度可高于或低于所述组分的沸点温度,这将提供在沸腾下与液体组成基本相同的蒸气组成。对于本发明来说,恒沸物组合物定义为包括类恒沸物组合物,这意味着表现出类似于恒沸物性能的组合物,即,具有恒定沸点特征或在沸腾或蒸发下不分馏的趋势。因此,在沸腾或蒸发时形成的蒸气组成与原始液体组成相同或基本相同。因此,在沸腾或蒸发时,液体组成如果有变化,仅有极小或可忽略不计的变化。这与非类恒沸物组合物相反,在非类恒沸物中在沸腾或蒸发时,液体组成有显著程度的变化。因此,恒沸物或类恒沸物组合物的基本特征是在给定的压力下,液体组合物的沸点是固定的以及沸腾的组合物上方的蒸气组成基本是沸腾的 液体组合物的组成,即,基本没有液体组合物组分的分馏发生。当恒沸物或类恒沸物液体组合物在不同压力下沸腾时,恒沸物组合物中每种组分的沸点和重量百分比可能变化。因此,恒沸物或类恒沸物组合物可以其组分间存在的关系,或者以组分的组成范围,或者以由特定压力下的固定沸点表征的组合物中每个组分确切重量的百分比来定义。 
本发明提供了一种组合物,其含有有效量的氟化氢和HCFO-1233xf以形成恒沸物或类恒沸物组合物。有效量表示当与其他组分结合时,导致形成恒沸物或类恒沸物混合物的每个组分的量。本发明的组合物优选是基本上由仅仅氟化氢和HCFO-1233xf的组合组成的二元恒沸物。 
在一个实施方式中,本发明的组合物含有约6.2mol%-约90.7mol%的HF,优选约53.5mol%-约86.7mol%,更优选约79.3mol%-约85.3mol%,基于恒沸物或类恒沸物组合物的重量。在另一个实施方式中,本发明的组合物含有约60mol%-约71mol%的HF,优选约60.2mol%-约71.7mol%的HF。 
在一个实施方式中,本发明的组合物含有约9.3mol%-约93.8mol%的HCFO-1233xf,优选约13.3mol%-约46.5mol%,以及最优选约14.7-约20.7mol%,基于恒沸物或类恒沸物组合物的重量。在另一实施方式中,本发明的组合物含有约29mol%-约40mol%的HCFO-1233xf,优选约28.3-约39.8mol%,基于恒沸物或类恒沸物组合物的重量。 
在另一个实施方式中,本发明的组合物含有约6.2mol%-约59.9mol%的HF,优选约53.5mol%-约59.9mol%。 
在另一个实施方式中,本发明的组合物含有约71.8mol%-约90.7mol%的HF,优选约71.8mol%-86.7mol%的HF,以及最优选约71.8mol%-约85.3mol%,基于恒沸物或类恒沸物组合物的重量。 
在另一个实施方式中,本发明的组合物含有约40.1mol%-约93.8mol%的HCFO-1233xf,优选约40.1mol%-约46.5mol%,基于恒沸物或类恒沸物组合物的重量。 
在另一个实施方式中,本发明的组合物含有约9.3mol%-约28.2mol%的HCFO-1233xf,优选约13.3mol%-约28.2mol%,以及最优选约14.7mol%-约28.2mol%,基于恒沸物或类恒沸物组合物的重量。 
本发明的组合物优选具有在约15psia-约107psia压力下为约0℃-约61℃ 的沸点。在一个实施方式中,它具有在约15psia压力下为约0℃的沸点。在另一个实施方式中,它具有在约38psia压力下为约25℃的沸点。在另一个实施方式中,它具有在约107psia压力下为约61℃的沸点。已经发现在25℃下具有约82.5±1.2mol%的HF和约17.5±1.2mol%的HCFO-1233xf的恒沸物或类恒沸物组合物。 
在本发明的另一个实施方式中,2-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯(HCFO-1233xf)可以从包含2-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯(HCFO-1233xf)和杂质的混合物中除去,该杂质可以,例如来自制备2-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯(HCFO-1233xf)的制备步骤。这通过向2-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯(HCFO-1233xf)和杂质的混合物中加入氟化氢实现。向混合物中加入足够量的氟化氢以形成2-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯(HCFO-1233xf)和氟化氢的恒沸物组合物,以及然后将恒沸物组合物与杂质分离,例如通过蒸馏或其他本领域已知的分离方法。在一个实施方式中,杂质本身不与2-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯(HCFO-1233xf)、氟化氢或2-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯(HCFO-1233xf)和氟化氢的混合物形成恒沸物组合物。在另一实施方案中,杂质与2-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯(HCFO-1233xf)、氟化氢或2-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯(HCFO-1233xf)和氟化氢的混合物形成恒沸物组合物。2-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯(HCFO-1233xf)的典型的杂质包括其他卤代烃,其可与2-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯(HCFO-1233xf)混溶,如1,1,1,2,3-五氯丙烷,1,1,2,3-四氯丙烯,2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯,2,3-二氯-3,3-二氟丙烯(HCFO-1232xf),1,1,1,2,2-五氟丙烷或1,2-二氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯。 
下面的非限制性例子是为了举例阐述本发明。 
实施例1
将60g 2-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯(HCFO-1233xf)与40g HF混合形成非均相恒沸物混合物。混合物在约25℃的蒸气压约为38psia。 
实施例2
将仅含有2-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯(HCFO-1233xf)和HF的二元组合物在不同组成下共混来形成非均相恒沸物混合物。在约0、25和61℃下测定混合物的蒸气压并注意到如下的结果。表1显示了作为在约0、25和61℃的恒定温度下具有不同重量百分比的HF的组合物的函数的HCFO-1233xf和HF的蒸气压测量结果。数据还显示HCFO-1233xf/HF是非均相混合物。 
表1:HCFO-1233xf/HF的P-T-X 
数据还显示混合物是恒沸物或类恒沸物,因为在所有指出的共混物比例下,HCFO-1233xf和HF混合物的蒸气压比单独的HCFO-1233xf和HF的蒸气压都要高,即,如表1第一和最后一行所示,当HF为0.0mol%和HCFO-1233xf为100.0mol%以及当HCFO-1233xf为0.0mol%和HF为100.0mol%时。来自表1的数据在图1中以图形形式表示。 
实施例3
HCFO-1233xf/HF混合物的恒沸物或类恒沸物组合物也通过气-液-液平衡(VLLE)实验来证实。将63.5g 2-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯(HCFO-1233xf)与36.5gHF在24℃混合形成非均相混合物(目测观察)。对蒸气组合物、上部液体(HF富集)和下部液体(有机物)取样。结果显示恒沸物组成是在24℃下的约82.5±1.2mol%的HF。 
本发明已通过参考优选实施方式进行了特别地显示和阐述,本领域技术人员可以认识到在不背离本发明的主旨和范围的情况下可以做出多种变形和修改。意图权利要求被理解为覆盖所公开的实施方式、上述讨论的那些变形和所有等价形式。 

Claims (9)

1.一种恒沸物或类恒沸物组合物,其由6.2-53.5mol%或79.3-90.7mol%氟化氢和93.8-46.5mol%或20.7-9.3mol%2-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯(HCFO-1233xf)组成。
2.权利要求1的恒沸物或类恒沸物组合物,其由79.3-90.7mol%氟化氢和20.7-9.3mol%HCFO-1233xf组成。
3.权利要求2的恒沸物或类恒沸物组合物,其由79.3-86.7mol%氟化氢和20.7-13.3mol%HCFO-1233xf组成。
4.权利要求2的恒沸物或类恒沸物组合物,其由79.3-85.3mol%氟化氢和20.7-14.7mol%HCFO-1233xf组成。
5.权利要求1的恒沸物或类恒沸物组合物,其由6.2-53.5mol%氟化氢和93.8-46.5mol%HCFO-1233xf组成。
6.权利要求1的恒沸物或类恒沸物组合物,该组合物具有在15psia-107psia压力下为0℃-61℃的沸点。
7.一种形成恒沸物或类恒沸物组合物的方法,包括
i)形成由6.2-53.5mol%或79.3-90.7mol%氟化氢和93.8-46.5mol%或20.7-9.3mol%HCFO-1233xf组成的共混物,从而形成具有在15psia-107psia压力下为0℃-61℃的沸点的恒沸物或类恒沸物组合物;且
ii)用变压蒸馏将HCFO-1233xf从所述恒沸物或类恒沸物组合物中分离。
8.一种从含有2-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯和至少一种杂质的混合物中除去2-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯的方法,包括向混合物中加入足够量的氟化氢以形成2-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯和氟化氢的恒沸物或类恒沸物组合物,以及然后将该恒沸物或类恒沸物组合物与杂质分离,其中该恒沸物和类恒沸物组合物由6.2-53.5mol%或79.3-90.7mol%氟化氢和93.8-46.5mol%或20.7-9.3mol%HCFO-1233xf组成。
9.权利要求8的方法,其中分离通过蒸馏实现。
CN200910138740.0A 2008-03-06 2009-03-05 2-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯(HCFC-1233xf)和氟化氢(HF)的类恒沸物组合物 Active CN101607866B (zh)

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US12/396,528 US8546624B2 (en) 2008-03-06 2009-03-03 Azeotrope-like composition of 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HCFC-1233xf) and hydrogen fluoride (HF)
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