CN101606549A - A kind of fumigant and fumigating method that is used for fruit, vegetables, flowers - Google Patents
A kind of fumigant and fumigating method that is used for fruit, vegetables, flowers Download PDFInfo
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- CN101606549A CN101606549A CNA2009101476758A CN200910147675A CN101606549A CN 101606549 A CN101606549 A CN 101606549A CN A2009101476758 A CNA2009101476758 A CN A2009101476758A CN 200910147675 A CN200910147675 A CN 200910147675A CN 101606549 A CN101606549 A CN 101606549A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of fumigant and fumigating method that is used for fruit, vegetables, flowers, it is characterized in that: the fumigant that uses in the described fumigating method is the phosphine gas of purity 99.995%, also comprises the mist or the hydrogen phosphide of mist that hydrogen phosphide and air form, hydrogen phosphide and carbon dioxide composition and is used for the mist of the controlled atmosphere gas composition of the fresh-keeping storage of fresh and live agricultural product; Described stifling condition is: fumigation time 12 hours-18 days, concentration of fumigant is 0.5g/m in hydrogen phosphide content
3-5g/m
3Described stifling be that 0 ℃-25 ℃ low temperature and normal temperature is stifling.The present invention has changed the defective that traditional stifling processing can't be used under cryogenic conditions, solved the stifling technical problem of handling of low temperature of fresh and live agricultural product; Filter out stifling application concentration and the time of different fruit, flowers, quality of vegetable not being had influence.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the processing of harmful organism in the fresh and live agricultural product quarantine, relate in particular to fumigant and the fumigating method method of a kind of fruit, vegetables, flowers.
Background technology
Agricultural product may carry multiple harmful organism in planting process, the processing that therefore generally all needs to quarantine in the foreign trade of fresh and live agricultural products such as fruit, vegetables, flowers is propagated to prevent harmful organism thereupon.At present, that the method for using mainly comprises is stifling, cold treatment, hot-water soak processing and x ray irradiation x etc., and wherein, stifling have advantages such as economic, practical, that effect is remarkable, becomes most widely used general, the most frequently used processing method.
Stifling processing is meant by means of fumigant gas, technology or the method in regular hour and space that can be airtight harmful organism killed.Desirable fumigant be can to insect, acarid, nematode, bacterium, fungi with and spore, virus and mould and other harmful organism groups are poisonous, it should be under low concentration effectively, only absorbed in stifling district by the material low dosage, should there be the safety operation difficulty, and stifling article or space do not had a negative impact.
Celfume is to use maximum fumigant at present, but because Celfume, must progressively be eliminated according to Montreal protocol the destruction of ozone layer, and most fruit need can't carry out methyl bromide fumigation and handle 0～5 ℃ of following preservation by low temperature refrigeration.Other uses more fumigant to comprise hydrogen phosphide, vikane, methyl-isorhodanate etc., vikane relatively poor to the virulence of worm's ovum wherein, methyl-isorhodanate is solid because boiling point is higher under the normal temperature, and bigger to the poisoning damage of fruit, therefore under cryogenic conditions, be restricted; It is wide that hydrogen phosphide has insecticidal spectrum, penetration power is strong, the virulence height, characteristics such as dispenser safety, production cost are low, but the generation of hydrogen phosphide mainly is to separate slow release hydrogen phosphide and pest control by the aluminum phosphide tablet that contains aminoquinoxaline and aluminium oxide in water in air at present, consequent hydrogen phosphide is mixed with a certain amount of ammonia, and fresh goods are easily produced the poisoning equivalent damage, therefore is not applied to the quarantine disinfection of fruit always.And novel fumigants such as carbonyl sulfide, cyanogen, iodomethane also have a segment distance mostly owing to price, serviceability temperature, big and to the reasons such as influence of fruit quality to people's toxicity from large-scale application.And except that hydrogen phosphide, they all are to fumigate under the temperature more than 5 ℃, the fruit of harvesting back low temperature preservation needs elder generation with the fruit intensification, the continuation refrigeration of slowly lowering the temperature again after the stifling processing when multiple harmful organisms such as its heart-eating worm of carrying of the stifling processing of enforcement, trypetid.This has not only increased the cost of handling, and the cooling that heats up repeatedly also can produce certain negative effect to fruit quality, very inconvenience during application.
Fruit, vegetables and flowers are as fresh and live agricultural product, because the particularity of its quality requirements, majority need be 0～15 ℃ of following preservation by low temperature refrigeration, at present also there is not to be used for the low temperature method of fumigating of fresh and live agricultural product, can effectively kill the harmful organism that goods may carry, harmless to the quality of fresh and live agricultural product again.
Summary of the invention:
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of fumigant and fumigating method that is used for fruit, vegetables, flowers, overcome the shortcoming of above-mentioned prior art, develop and a kind ofly can effectively kill the harmful organism that fresh and live agricultural product may carry, harmless to the quality of fresh and live agricultural product again, and the fumigating method that can under cryogenic conditions, use.
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of fumigant, described fumigant are the phosphine gas of purity 99.00-99.995%.
A kind of fumigant composition is described phosphine gas and Air mixing gas, percentage by volume, and hydrogen phosphide is 0.005%-99.995%, air is 0.005%-99.995%.Hydrogen phosphide is mixed with air, but dilution phosphine concentration makes things convenient for the stifling use of low concentration.
A kind of fumigant composition is the mist that described phosphine gas and carbon dioxide are formed, percentage by volume, and hydrogen phosphide is 70%-99.995%, carbon dioxide is 0.005%-30%.With hydrogen phosphide and carbon dioxide mix, thereby can increase the absorption raising insecticidal effect of harmful organism to hydrogen phosphide.
A kind of fumigant composition, described phosphine gas and be used for the mist of the controlled atmosphere gas composition of the fresh-keeping storage of fresh and live agricultural product, percentage by volume, the hydrogen phosphide ratio is 0.005%-99.995%, controlled atmosphere gas is 0.005%-99.995%; Described controlled atmosphere gas is the mist that oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen are formed, percentage by volume, and oxygen is that 0.005%-5%, carbon dioxide are 2%-15%, nitrogen 80%-97.995%.Hydrogen phosphide is mixed with controlled atmosphere gas, help the storage of fresh goods, reduce stifling harmful effect, in stifling the processing, fresh fruit of vegetables is also played preservation, prolong storage time fruit, vegetables and flowers.
The preparation method of described phosphine gas, the preparation method of described phosphine gas is:
With weight ratio 1: 1000-3: 1000 aluminum phosphate and water add the air-tightness reaction unit, and reaction temperature is 50-70 ℃, reacts 12-24 hour, obtains required product phosphine gas.
Aluminum phosphate, molecular formula are AlP, can generate phosphine gas and aluminium hydroxide with the water reaction.
The preparation of the mist that described phosphine gas and air are formed is the concentration of fumigant that needs according to stifling, in closed container two kinds of gas hydrogen phosphide and air is proportionally mixed.
The preparation of the mist that described phosphine gas and carbon dioxide are formed is the concentration of fumigant that needs according to stifling, in closed container two kinds of gas hydrogen phosphide and carbon dioxide is proportionally mixed.
The preparation of mist of described phosphine gas and the controlled atmosphere gas composition that is used for the fresh-keeping storage of fresh and live agricultural product be at closed container with oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and phosphine gas, proportionally mix according to the stifling concentration of fumigant that needs.
Described fumigant is applied in fruit, vegetables, flowers aspect, and stifling condition is: fumigation time 12 hours-18 days; Concentration of fumigant is 0.5g/m in hydrogen phosphide content
3-5g/m
3Fumigation temperature is 0 ℃-25 ℃.
Phosphine gas has that insecticidal spectrum is wide, and penetration power is strong, the virulence height, and characteristics such as dispenser safety, production cost are low, but also can use at low temperature, be very good fumigant.According to the difference of stifling fresh and live agricultural product, select fumigant and stifling condition, reach and can effectively kill the harmful organism that fresh and live agricultural product may carry, again to the harmless purpose of the quality of fresh and live agricultural product.
The present invention has the following advantages:
Method of the present invention can be used under low temperature and normal temperature, have economical and effective, advantage such as easy and simple to handle, changed the defective that traditional stifling processing can't be used under cryogenic conditions, solve the stifling technical problem of handling of low temperature of fresh and live agricultural product, greatly reduced the risk that the stifling processing of fresh and live agricultural product may cause quality to damage; And filter out stifling application concentration and the time that right different fruit, flowers, quality of vegetable do not have influence.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
2 gram aluminum phosphate and 1000 gram water are joined the air-tightness generating means, under 50 ℃ of temperature, reacted 12 hours, have big amount phosphine bubble to produce in the water, collect product, be the phosphine gas of purity 99.00-99.995%.
Embodiment 2
3 gram aluminum phosphate and 1000 gram water are joined the air-tightness generating means, under 70 ℃ of temperature, reacted 12 hours, have big amount phosphine bubble to produce in the water, collect product, be the phosphine gas of purity 99.00-99.995%.
Embodiment 3
1 gram aluminum phosphate and 1000 gram water are joined the air-tightness generating means, under 50 ℃ of temperature, reacted 24 hours, have big amount phosphine bubble to produce in the water, collect product, be the phosphine gas of purity 99.00-99.995%.
Embodiment 4
Phosphine gas that in closed container method among the embodiment 1-3 is prepared and air are according to percent by volume, and 99.97: 0.03 ratio is mixed, and is prepared into needed mist fumigant.
Embodiment 5
Phosphine gas that in closed container method among the embodiment 1-3 is prepared and carbon dioxide are that 99.97: 0.03 ratio is mixed according to percent by volume, are prepared into needed mist fumigant.
Embodiment 6
In closed container with oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and phosphine gas, according to percent by volume, carbon dioxide content is 15%, oxygen is 3%, the hydrogen phosphide content of method preparation is 0.15% among the embodiment 1-3, the ratio of nitrogen 81.85% is mixed, and is prepared into needed mist fumigant.
Embodiment 7
Putting into the pip fruit Fuji apple in closed container, is 0 ℃ in temperature, with the phosphine gas of variable concentrations embodiment 1-3 method preparation it is fumigated processing, and the change fumigation time was respectively 7 days and 16 days 1 day.The percentage of water loss of Fuji apple, color and luster, hardness, soluble sugar and total acidity are with the prolongation of storage time, certain variation can take place in its quality, but compare with contrast, the stifling Fuji apple of hydrogen phosphide low temperature 16 days all not have obviously to influence to its percentage of water loss, color and luster, hardness, soluble sugar and total acidity etc.; Therefore, the application space of this technology on main exit apple variety Fuji apple is bigger.Result of the test is as shown in table 1 below:
0 ℃ of stifling influence of handling the Fuji apple quality of table 1 low temperature
Embodiment 8
In closed container, put into the homemade navel orange of citrus fruit, in temperature is 0 ℃, fumigant with the variable concentrations of embodiment 6 methods preparations is fumigated processing to it, fumigant is hydrogen phosphide and the mist that is used for the controlled atmosphere gas of the fresh-keeping storage of fresh and live agricultural product, according to percent by volume, carbon dioxide content is 15% in the mist, and oxygen is 3%, hydrogen phosphide content is 0.15%, and all the other are nitrogen; And change fumigation time and be respectively 1 day, 7 days and 11 days, to compare with contrast, the stifling navel orange of hydrogen phosphide low temperature 11 days all not have obviously influence to its percentage of water loss, soluble sugar and total acidity etc., and this technology can application in the quarantine processing of citrus fruit.Result of the test is as shown in table 2 below:
0 ℃ of stifling influence of handling homemade navel orange quality of table 2 low temperature
Embodiment 9
In temperature is 0 ℃, with concentration is that the 300ppm phosphine gas is fumigated its killing action of observation to the heart-eating worm class pest small heart-eating peach worm of different worm attitudes, fumigation time is 48 hours, fumigant with the preparation of embodiment 4 methods, according to percent by volume, the hydrogen phosphide ratio is 0.03%, and AIR Proportional is 99.97%, and result of the test is as shown in table 3 below:
The different worm attitudes of table 3 small heart-eating peach worm were fumigated in 48 hours
Embodiment 10
In temperature is 0 ℃, with the variable concentrations phosphine gas it is fumigated processing, and the change fumigation time was respectively 6 days, 8 days and 10 days,, fumigate and observe its killing action the mature larva of heart-eating worm class pest small heart-eating peach worm, fumigant with the preparation of embodiment 4 methods, according to percent by volume, the hydrogen phosphide ratio is 0.03% in the mist, and AIR Proportional is 99.97%; Each subjects is 100, and result of the test is as shown in table 4 below, and wherein LT50 is under certain phosphine concentration, and the death rate is 50% o'clock time value that needs, and LT99 is under certain phosphine concentration, and the death rate is 99% o'clock time value that needs.
Table 4 pair small heart-eating peach worm mature larva is stifling
According to the result shown in the table 4, hydrogen phosphide is under cryogenic conditions, and concentration range is from 0.5g/m
3Rise, keep to kill small heart-eating peach worm preferably after certain stifling processing time, can and require selection suitable fumigating concentration and time, realize killing the harmful organism of carrying in the fruit according to the stifling condition of handling of goods enforcement.
Embodiment 11
In temperature is 5 ℃, variable concentrations phosphine gas fumigant with the preparation of embodiment 1-3 method is fumigated processing to trypetid class pest citrus fruit fly third-instar larvae, and the change fumigation time was respectively 48 hours and 72 hours, each test larva is 100, observe its killing action, result of the test is as shown in table 5 below:
Table 5 pair citrus fruit fly third-instar larvae is stifling
According to the result shown in the table 5, hydrogen phosphide is fumigated for 5 ℃ can effectively kill the citrus fruit fly third-instar larvae, can be used as a kind of fumigant of killing the trypetid class and use under cryogenic conditions.
Embodiment 12
Temperature be 5 ℃ of variable concentrations phosphine gas fumigant that prepare down with embodiment 1-3 method to flowers in thrips class pest flower thrips adult fumigate processing, fumigation time is 12 hours, adult amounts to 100, observes its killing action, and result of the test is as shown in table 6 below:
Table 6 pair flower thrips adult is fumigated processing
Embodiment 12
Temperature be 5 ℃ of variable concentrations phosphine gas fumigant that prepare down with embodiment 1-3 method to vegetables in thrips class pest Frankliniella occidentalis adult fumigate processing, fumigation time is 6 hours, adult amounts to 100, observes its killing action, and result of the test is as shown in table 7 below:
Table 7 pair Frankliniella occidentalis adult is fumigated processing
As seen under cryogenic conditions, described fumigant has tangible killing action to harmful insect, and can filter out application concentration and the time of different fruit, flowers, quality of vegetable not being had influence.The present invention has changed the defective that traditional stifling processing can't be used under cryogenic conditions, solved the stifling technical problem of handling of low temperature of fresh and live agricultural product.
Claims (8)
1, a kind of fumigant that is used for fruit, vegetables, flowers, described fumigant is the phosphine gas of purity 99.00-99.995%.
2, the fumigant that is used for fruit, vegetables, flowers as claimed in claim 1, described fumigant is the phosphine gas of purity 99.995%.
3, a kind of fumigant composition that is used for fruit, vegetables, flowers is claim 1 or 2 described phosphine gas and Air mixing gas, percentage by volume, and hydrogen phosphide is 0.005%-99.995%, air is 0.005%-99.995%.
4, a kind of fumigant composition that is used for fruit, vegetables, flowers is the mist that claim 1 or 2 described phosphine gas and carbon dioxide are formed, percentage by volume, and hydrogen phosphide is 70%-99.995%, carbon dioxide is 0.005%-30%.
5, a kind of fumigant composition that is used for fruit, vegetables, flowers, be claim 1 or 2 described phosphine gas and the mist that is used for the controlled atmosphere gas composition of the fresh-keeping storage of fresh and live agricultural product, percentage by volume, the hydrogen phosphide ratio is 0.005%-99.995%, and controlled atmosphere gas is 0.005%-99.995%; Described controlled atmosphere gas is the mist that oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen are formed, percentage by volume, and oxygen is that 0.005%-5%, carbon dioxide are 2%-15%, nitrogen 80%-97.995%.
6, the described preparation method who is used for the fumigant of fruit, vegetables, flowers of one of claim 1-5 is: with aluminum phosphate and water with 1: 1000-3: 1000 weight ratio adds the air-tightness reaction unit, reaction temperature is 50-70 ℃, reacted 12-24 hour, and obtained required product phosphine gas.
7, the application of the fumigant that is used for fruit, vegetables, flowers of one of claim 1-6 aspect fruit, vegetables, flowers.
8, the application of fumigant according to claim 7 aspect fruit, vegetables, flowers, stifling condition is: fumigation time 12 hours-18 days; Concentration of fumigant is 0.5g/m in hydrogen phosphide content
3-5g/m
3Fumigation temperature is 0 ℃-25 ℃.
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| CNA2009101476758A CN101606549A (en) | 2009-06-11 | 2009-06-11 | A kind of fumigant and fumigating method that is used for fruit, vegetables, flowers |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102125051A (en) * | 2010-12-10 | 2011-07-20 | 中国检验检疫科学研究院检测技术与装备研究所 | Novel mixed fumigating dosage form and application thereof |
| CN103431255A (en) * | 2013-09-04 | 2013-12-11 | 中国检验检疫科学研究院 | Hydrogen phosphide variable-temperature comprehensive treatment method and application thereof |
| CN104886146A (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2015-09-09 | 中国检验检疫科学研究院 | Phosphine and ethyl formate mixed synergist and application thereof |
| CN104920594A (en) * | 2015-07-01 | 2015-09-23 | 中国检验检疫科学研究院 | Apple carposina sasakii phosphine variable temperature integrated treatment method and application |
| CN106689346A (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2017-05-24 | 中国检验检疫科学研究院 | Control method of postharvest fungus diseases of apples |
| CN106841412A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-06-13 | 中国检验检疫科学研究院 | Application and authentication method of the biomarker in the effective cold treatment of quarantine fruit fly is identified |
| CN110115261A (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2019-08-13 | 河南工业大学 | A kind of stored product insect Combination fumigation administering method |
| CN110122505A (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2019-08-16 | 中国检验检疫科学研究院 | A kind of gaseous phosphine integrated conduct method |
| CN110432240A (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2019-11-12 | 中国检验检疫科学研究院 | A kind of compound quarantine method of fumigating |
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2009
- 2009-06-11 CN CNA2009101476758A patent/CN101606549A/en active Pending
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102125051A (en) * | 2010-12-10 | 2011-07-20 | 中国检验检疫科学研究院检测技术与装备研究所 | Novel mixed fumigating dosage form and application thereof |
| CN103431255A (en) * | 2013-09-04 | 2013-12-11 | 中国检验检疫科学研究院 | Hydrogen phosphide variable-temperature comprehensive treatment method and application thereof |
| CN104886146A (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2015-09-09 | 中国检验检疫科学研究院 | Phosphine and ethyl formate mixed synergist and application thereof |
| CN104920594A (en) * | 2015-07-01 | 2015-09-23 | 中国检验检疫科学研究院 | Apple carposina sasakii phosphine variable temperature integrated treatment method and application |
| CN106841412A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-06-13 | 中国检验检疫科学研究院 | Application and authentication method of the biomarker in the effective cold treatment of quarantine fruit fly is identified |
| CN106841412B (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2019-12-27 | 中国检验检疫科学研究院 | Application of biomarker in effective cold treatment for identifying quarantine fruit fly and identification method |
| CN106689346A (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2017-05-24 | 中国检验检疫科学研究院 | Control method of postharvest fungus diseases of apples |
| CN106689346B (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2019-09-13 | 中国检验检疫科学研究院 | A kind of apple adopts the control method of rear fungal disease |
| CN110122505A (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2019-08-16 | 中国检验检疫科学研究院 | A kind of gaseous phosphine integrated conduct method |
| CN110432240A (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2019-11-12 | 中国检验检疫科学研究院 | A kind of compound quarantine method of fumigating |
| CN110115261A (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2019-08-13 | 河南工业大学 | A kind of stored product insect Combination fumigation administering method |
| CN110115261B (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2021-06-11 | 河南工业大学 | Method for treating stored-object pests by combined fumigation |
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Application publication date: 20091223 |