CN103431255A - Hydrogen phosphide variable-temperature comprehensive treatment method and application thereof - Google Patents
Hydrogen phosphide variable-temperature comprehensive treatment method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hydrogen phosphide variable-temperature comprehensive treatment method and an application thereof in fresh and alive plant products including vegetables and fruits, seedlings and flowers, and the like. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, fumigating by using hydrogen phosphide; and then, carrying out cold treatment or thermal treatment, wherein the hydrogen phosphide fumigating dosage is 100ppm-3000 ppm, the fumigating environment is an air or controlled atmosphere environment, the fumigating temperature is 0DEG C-30 DEG C (being consistent with the product pickling, storing or transporting temperature), the fumigating time is 1 hour-8 hours, the cold treatment is carried out for 5-10 days under 0 DEG C-3 DEG C, and the thermal treatment is carried out for 30 minutes under the fruit center temperature of 43 DEG C or higher. According to the hydrogen phosphide variable-temperature comprehensive treatment method and the application thereof disclosed by the invention, the pests can be effectively killed under a relatively gentle condition based on the principle that the expression of heat shock proteins of pests can be widely inhibited by the hydrogen phosphide for lowering the endurance capacity of the pests to physical adverse situations including cold, heat and the like, so that the defects that the conventional cold treatment and thermal treatment conditions are harsh, the product quality is easily interfered, and the energy consumption and the time economic cost are higher are overcome, and therefore, the hydrogen phosphide variable-temperature comprehensive treatment method is suitable for post-harvest treatment of fresh and alive plant products including the vegetables and fruits, seedlings and flowers, and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the processing for harmful organism entrained in plant product, relate in particular the novel process application for harmful organism entrained in the fresh and alive plant products such as fruit and vegetable, seedling flowers.
Background technology
The continuous variation of global economic integration, international trade diversification of forms and world politics economic pattern causes the frequency of Exotic pests invasion to strengthen, and ecological environment, agricultural production and grain security are formed to huge potential threat.Global climate change further causes ecocatastrophe to take place frequently, and to countries in the world, causes heavy economic losses.Therefore, how effectively the invasion of prevention and control Exotic pests, become focus and focus that the whole world is paid close attention to.
For guaranteeing that harmful organism is with the international trade propagation, according to an international practice, must be to carrying the product quarantine treatment measures of harmful organism in international trade.Due to the particularity of product, it is high that the fresh and alive plant products such as fruit and vegetable, seedling flowers carry the risk of harmful organism, thereby be the focus that international community and various countries' quarantine departments are paid close attention to.
The treatment technology of the fresh and alive plant products such as fruit and vegetable, seedling flowers mainly comprises stifling processing, heat treatment, cold treatment and radiation treatment at present.
Stifling processing refers to by means of fumigant gas, technology or the method in space that can be airtight, through certain hour, harmful organism killed.Using the fumigant Celfume to fumigate is the most general in the world treatment technology, but due to the destruction of Celfume to ozone layer, according to Montreal protocol, must progressively eliminate, and it easily causes adverse effect to the quality of the fresh goods such as fruit flowers.Hydrogen phosphide is one of potential fumigant substituted Celfume, the stifling fresh and live agricultural product of processing under cryogenic conditions, not only can kill the harmful insect of carrying on fruit fully, and very little to the extent of damage of fruit, even do not have, and it is residual lower, little to environmental hazard, but because its processing time is grown (generally needing 5-7 days), therefore use and be restricted, can not be widely used in plant quarantine processing field.
Heat treatment is to use hot water, hot-air etc. as heat-conduction medium, by heating plant product to assigned temperature, thereby kills the wherein method of harmful organism.Because difference between the hot to lerance threshold of the heat killing temperatures of many harmful organisms and fresh goods is less, thereby must accurately control temperature in heat treatment process, avoid the quality of fresh goods is caused to damage.At present, heat treatment generally can only be for the processing of the tropical fruit (tree)s such as mango, and due to must accurate temperature controlling, treatment facility be also comparatively expensive, is difficult to widespread adoption.
Cold treatment is that fresh goods are preserved to certain hour at a lower temperature, and then kills the measure of its harmful organism of carrying.Because the general cold resistance of temperate zone harmful organism is stronger, at present, cold treatment is mainly used in the quarantine processing of trypetid in the world.According to the difference of trypetid kind, at present current cleanup standard is, processes 16-22 days under 0-2 ℃.Because cold treatment is based on long build-up effect to the killing action of harmful organism, so in whole processing procedure, all must guarantee that the plant product temperature is below the designated treatment temperature, otherwise will again process, this is just higher to stability and the required precision of cold treatment facilities and equipment, has caused higher financial cost also to the international trade business simultaneously.
Radiation treatment is to use high-energy ray to cause the sterile treatment technology of harmful insect.Although this technology applicability is wider, need the acceptance level of comparatively expensive special facilities and equipment, particularly consumer also relatively limited, these have all limited the application of radiation treatment technology.
In sum, along with the quickening of global economic integration progress, the Exotic pests prevention and control are subject to the common concern of international community.The fresh and alive plant products such as fruit and vegetable, seedling flowers are high due to the risk of carrying harmful organism, are subject to especially various countries' quarantine departments and pay close attention to.The last line of defense as border prevention and control pest invasion is processed in quarantine, although its technological means has obtained rapid progress, also faces many problems.Wherein, the most outstanding is exactly because damage or the financial cost of the too harsh plant product caused for the treatment of conditions are too high.For this reason, we have developed a kind of novel process technology, but suppress the expression of the heat shock protein of harmful organism based on the hydrogen phosphide wide spectrum, thereby reduce harmful organism to the cold and hot principle that waits the tolerance of physics adverse circumstance, can be under relatively gentle condition effective kill harmful biology, avoided traditional cold to process and heat treatment process condition harshness, easily affect product quality, energy consumption and time financial cost be higher shortcoming all, is applicable to the post processing of adopting of the fresh and alive plant products such as fruit and vegetable, seedling flowers.
Summary of the invention:
The invention provides a kind of hydrogen phosphide alternating temperature integrated conduct method and the application in the plant products such as fruit and vegetable, seedling flowers thereof.But the method suppresses the expression of the heat shock protein of harmful organism based on the hydrogen phosphide wide spectrum, thereby reduce harmful organism to the cold and hot principle that waits the tolerance of physics adverse circumstance, can hang down under heat treatment temperature or effective kill harmful biology under shorter cold treatment time conditions, avoided traditional cold to process and heat treatment process condition harshness, easily affect product quality, energy consumption and time financial cost be higher shortcoming all, is applicable to the post processing of adopting of the fresh and alive plant products such as fruit and vegetable, seedling flowers.
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of hydrogen phosphide alternating temperature integrated conduct method, comprise and use hydrogen phosphide to be fumigated plant product, heat-treats afterwards or cold treatment.
Preferably, the treatment conditions of described method are: phosphine fumigation dosage is 100-3000ppm, stifling environment is air or controlled atmosphere environment, fumigation temperature is 0-30 ℃ (can be consistent with product storage or transport temperature), fumigation time is 1 hour-12 hours, the cold treatment condition is to process 5-10 days under 0 ℃-3 ℃, and heat-treat condition is that fresh and alive plant product central temperature is processed 30 minutes more than 43 ℃.
The application of said method in the fresh and alive plant products such as fruit and vegetable, seedling flowers.
But the inventive method suppresses the expression of the heat shock protein of harmful organism based on the hydrogen phosphide wide spectrum, thereby reduce harmful organism to the cold and hot principle that waits the tolerance of physics adverse circumstance, can hang down under heat treatment temperature or effective kill harmful biology under shorter cold treatment time conditions, avoided traditional cold to process and heat treatment process condition harshness, easily affect product quality, energy consumption and time financial cost be higher shortcoming all, is a very promising application technology.According to the difference of fresh and live agricultural product, select different processing modes and condition, reach and can effectively kill the harmful organism that fresh and live agricultural product may carry, again to the harmless purpose of the quality of fresh and live agricultural product.
The present invention has the following advantages:
But method of the present invention suppresses the expression of the heat shock protein of harmful organism based on the hydrogen phosphide wide spectrum, thereby reduce harmful organism to the cold and hot principle that waits the tolerance of physics adverse circumstance, the independent cold treatment of more traditional use or heat-treating methods, have obvious synergistic function.Can reach at normal temperatures under low temperature and use, effectively reduce the temperature of prior heat treatment or the time of cold treatment, and easy and simple to handle, be easy to the application.Avoided traditional cold to process and heat treatment process condition harshness, easily affected product quality, energy consumption and time financial cost be higher shortcoming all.The present invention also filters out for different fruit and vegetables, seedling flower characteristic without the treatment technology index affected.
The specific embodiment
embodiment 1-obtains phosphine gas
The aluminum phosphate of weight ratio 1:1000-3:1000 and water are added to the air-tightness reaction unit, and reaction temperature is made as 50～70 ℃, and reaction 12-24 hour, obtain the phosphine gas that purity is 99.00-99.995%.
embodiment 2-prepares fumigating gas
In closed container, the phosphine gas that in embodiment 1 prepared by method is mixed with air in 0.01% to 0.3% ratio, be prepared into required fumigating gas.
embodiment 3-prepares fumigating gas
In closed container, hydrogen phosphide, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen are mixed according to percent by volume,, the hydrogen phosphide that is 0.01% to 0.3% by content, the carbon dioxide that content is 5%, 3% oxygen mix with nitrogen, are prepared into needed fumigating gas.
embodiment 4-phosphine fumigation in conjunction with heat treatment to the killing effect of small heart-eating peach worm in apple and right
the impact of fruit quality
At 25 ℃, by the fumigating gas that in embodiment 2 prepared by method, the apple that carries different worm state small heart-eating peach worms is fumigated to processing, wherein phosphine concentration is respectively 100ppm, 200ppm, 400ppm, 800ppm, 1200ppm, fumigation time is 8 hours, after loose gas, heat treatment 2 hours again, guarantees that the apple central temperature reaches 43 ℃ and processes 30 minutes that is, control group is for only carrying out 43 ℃ of heat treated band worm apples, and result of the test is as shown in table 1.Result shows, only uses heat treatment can not kill the peach fruit moth larva in apple fully.Before heat treatment, adopt the variable concentrations phosphine fumigation can effectively promote heat treated insecticidal effect.Use the 400-1200ppm phosphine fumigation to carry out 43 ℃ of heat treatments of core temperature afterwards in 8 hours and within 30 minutes, can kill each worm state small heart-eating peach worm of carrying in apple fully.
Table 1 phosphine fumigation is the killing effect to small heart-eating peach worm in apple in conjunction with heat treatment
In order further to investigate the impact of this processing method on fruit quality, placed respectively the same worm apple of not being with in 0ppm processed group and 1200ppm processed group, and to take the apple that does not carry out any processing be contrast, at 25 ℃ of storages, after 10 days, detect the impact of above-mentioned processing on fruit quality.Experimental result shows, with untreated, compares, and each processed group apple quality index, without significant difference, shows that apple can tolerate the 1200ppm phosphine fumigation and within 8 hours, reach 43 ℃ of heat treatments of fruit central temperature treatment conditions (table 2) of 30 minutes afterwards.Consolidated statement 1 result, can determine that the 400-1200ppm phosphine fumigation reaches 43 ℃ of heat treatments of fruit central temperature afterwards in 8 hours and within 30 minutes, can kill each worm state small heart-eating peach worm of carrying in apple fully, and fruit quality is had no adverse effect, can be used in apple carrying the quarantine processing of small heart-eating peach worm.
Table 2 phosphine fumigation is the impact on apple quality in conjunction with heat treatment
In table, data are the mean value of 3 independent experiment data.
the impact of embodiment 5-phosphine fumigation on small heart-eating peach worm heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) expression
25 ℃ of apples that use the 400ppm phosphine fumigations to carry the small heart-eating peach worm mature larva 8 hours, loose gas was heat-treated after 1 hour, when rising to 40 ℃, phosphine fumigation 2 hours, 4 hours, 8 hours and core temperature collect respectively the worm that lives, use RealtimePCR to detect the situation of change of small heart-eating peach worm heat shock protein pane gene (HSP90) expression, the primer of HSP90 and crt gene is in Table 3.The small heart-eating peach worm larva of not implementing stifling processing of take is contrast.
Table 3 small heart-eating peach worm RealtimePCR primer
In table 4 processing procedure, the situation of change of small heart-eating peach worm HSP90 gene relative expression quantity
In table, data are the mean value of 3 independent experiment data.
Experimental result shows, control group is in the placement process of 8 hours, the relative expression quantity of small heart-eating peach worm HSP90 gene is without marked change, and the core temperature is while rising to 40 ℃, the relative expression quantity of HSP90 gene significantly rises, and this expression with the heat shock protein of many research reports is subject to heat treatment and induces consistent.Compare with control group, use the 400ppm phosphine fumigation 2 hours, the relative expression quantity of small heart-eating peach worm HSP90 gene just is down to reduced levels, also maintains reduced levels in whole stifling process always.When the core temperature rises to 40 ℃, although the relative expression quantity of HSP90 gene is compared with control group than certain rising is also arranged in stifling process, still maintain reduced levels.These results show, the expression of small heart-eating peach worm heat shock protein can be heat-treated and induce, and in heat treated process, plays a protective role; And phosphine fumigation can suppress rapidly the expression of heat shock protein, make heat shock protein lose the protective effect to insect; Here it is phosphine fumigation is in conjunction with the heat treatment measure molecular basis of desinsection at a lower temperature.
embodiment 6-phosphine fumigation in conjunction with cold treatment to the killing effect of citrus fruit fly in navel orange and to water
the impact of fruit matter
Under 5 ℃, by the fumigating gas that in embodiment 2 prepared by method, the navel orange that carries different worm state citrus fruit flies is fumigated to processing, phosphine concentration is respectively 500ppm, 1000ppm, 2000ppm and 3000ppm, fumigation time is 12 hours, after loose gas again 1 ℃ of cold treatment 5 days, control group is for only to carry out the band worm navel orange of 1 ℃ of cold treatment, and result of the test is as shown in table 5.
Result shows, only carries out cold treatment and can not kill the citrus fruit fly in navel orange fully.Before cold treatment, adopt the variable concentrations phosphine fumigation can effectively promote the insecticidal effect of cold treatment.Use the 1000-3000ppm phosphine fumigation within 12 hours, to reach 1 ℃ of cold treatment afterwards and within 5 days, can kill each worm state citrus fruit fly of carrying in navel orange fully.
Table 5 phosphine fumigation is the killing effect to citrus fruit fly in navel orange in conjunction with cold treatment
In order further to investigate the impact of this processing method on fruit quality, placed respectively the same worm navel orange of not being with in 0ppm processed group and 3000ppm processed group, and to take the navel orange of being processed be contrast, at 25 ℃ of storages, after 5 days, detected the impact of above-mentioned processing on fruit quality.Experimental result shows, with untreated, compares, and each processed group navel orange quality index, without significant difference, shows that navel orange can tolerate the 3000ppm phosphine fumigation and within 12 hours, reach 1 ℃ of cold treatment treatment conditions (table 6) of 5 days afterwards.Consolidated statement 5 results, can determine that the 1000-3000ppm phosphine fumigation can kill each worm state citrus fruit fly of carrying in navel orange in 8 hours in 5 days fully in conjunction with 1 ℃ of cold treatment, and fruit quality is had no adverse effect, therefore can be used in navel orange carrying the quarantine processing of citrus fruit fly.
Table 6 phosphine fumigation is the impact on navel orange quality in conjunction with cold treatment
In table, data are the mean value of 3 independent experiment data.
the impact of embodiment 7-phosphine fumigation on citrus fruit fly heat shock protein expression
5 ℃ of navel oranges that use the 1000ppm phosphine fumigations to carry the citrus fruit fly third-instar larvae 12 hours, loose gas carries out 1 ℃ of cold treatment after 1 hour, collect at phosphine fumigation 2 hours, 4 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours and cold treatment the worm that lives in the time of 2 days respectively, use RealtimePCR to detect the situation of change of citrus fruit fly heat shock protein gene (HSP40, HSP70 and HSP90) expression, the primer of heat shock protein and crt gene is in Table 7.The citrus fruit fly third-instar larvae of not implementing stifling processing of take is contrast.
Table 7 citrus fruit fly RealtimePCR primer
In table 8 processing procedure, the situation of change of citrus fruit fly heat shock protein encoding gene relative expression quantity
In table, data are the mean value of 3 independent experiment data.
Experimental result shows, control group is in the placement process of 12 hours, the relative expression quantity of three kinds of heat shock protein encoding genes of citrus fruit fly is without marked change, and cold treatment is after 2 days, the relative expression quantity of three kinds of genes significantly rises, and this expression with the heat shock protein of many research reports is subject to cold treatment and induces consistent.Compare with control group, use the 1000ppm phosphine fumigation 2 hours, the relative expression quantity of small heart-eating peach worm HSP90 gene just has obvious decline, after 4 hours, is down to floor level, after this also maintains reduced levels always.Even after cold treatment 2 days, the expression of three kinds of genes also all maintains reduced levels.These results show, the expression of citrus fruit fly heat shock protein can be induced by cold treatment, in the process of cold treatment, plays a protective role; And phosphine fumigation can suppress rapidly the expression of heat shock protein, make heat shock protein lose the protective effect to insect; Here it is phosphine fumigation is in conjunction with the very fast molecular basis of desinsection of cold treatment measure.
embodiment 8-phosphine fumigation in conjunction with heat treatment to the killing effect of insect in flowers and to the flowers product
the impact of matter
Under 20 ℃, the fumigating gas of a series of phosphine concentrations that prepare by embodiment 3 methods is fumigated processing to fresh-cut chrysanthemum, the carnation of carrying thrips class pest Frankliniella occidentalis adult, phosphine concentration is respectively 50ppm, 100ppm, 200ppm and 400ppm, carbon dioxide content is 5%, oxygen is 3%, all the other are nitrogen, fumigation time is 1 hour, after loose gas, 44 ℃ of heat treatment 60 minutes, take that to fumigate the band worm flowers of processing be contrast, observe its killing effect, result of the test as shown in Table 9 and Table 10:
Table 9 phosphine fumigation carries the killing effect of Frankliniella occidentalis to flowers in conjunction with heat treatment
Result shows, only uses heat treatment can not kill the Frankliniella occidentalis carried on flowers fully.Before heat treatment, adopt the variable concentrations phosphine fumigation can effectively promote heat treated insecticidal effect.Use the 100-400ppm phosphine fumigation within 60 minutes, can kill the Frankliniella occidentalis carried on flowers fully in conjunction with 44 ℃ of heat treatments in 1 hour.
Table 10 phosphine fumigation is the impact on flower characteristic in conjunction with heat treatment
In table, data are the mean value of 3 independent experiment data.
Fresh-cut chrysanthemum and each 10-20 of carnation of getting each kind prop up, use the 400ppm phosphine fumigation to carry out integrated treatment in conjunction with 44 ℃ of heat treatment condition of 60 minutes in 1 hour, processing is placed in the environment of 25 ℃-60%RH, measure weight-loss ratio after 1 day, and the bottle that continues to observe in water is inserted the life-span, be old and feeble shape with scape and Ye Seze flower type (openness), petal is withered, for bottle is inserted the terminal in life-span.
To the analysis showed that of flower characteristic after integrated treatment, use the 400ppm phosphine fumigation in conjunction with 44 ℃ of heat treatment integrated treatment of 60 minutes, weight-loss ratio, the bottle of each breed chrysanthemum, carnation to be inserted to the not impacts of the index of quality such as life-span in 1 hour, can not cause the exterior quality such as poisoning to change yet, be a kind of can be on the fresh-cut flowers widely used treatment technology.
In the situation that do not deviate from spirit of the present invention and essence thereof, the present invention also can have other multiple example, and those skilled in the art can make according to the present invention various corresponding changes and variations, and these all should belong to the protection domain of claims of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. a hydrogen phosphide alternating temperature integrated conduct method, described method comprises uses hydrogen phosphide to be fumigated plant product, heat-treats afterwards or cold treatment.
2. according to the process of claim 1 wherein that described plant product is the fresh and alive plant products such as fruit and vegetable, seedling flowers.
3. according to the method for claim 1 or 2, wherein phosphine fumigation dosage is 100-3000ppm.
4. according to the method for any one in claim 1-3, wherein stifling environment is air or controlled atmosphere environment.
5. according to the method for any one in claim 1-4, wherein fumigation temperature is 0-30 ℃.
6. according to the method for claim 5, wherein said fumigation temperature is consistent with product storage or transport temperature.
7. according to the method for any one in claim 1-6, wherein fumigation time is 1 hour-12 hours.
8. according to the method for any one in claim 1-7, wherein cold treatment condition is: process 5-10 days under 0 ℃-3 ℃.
9. according to the method for any one in claim 1-8, wherein heat-treat condition is that described plant product central temperature is processed 30 minutes more than 43 ℃.
In claim 1-9 the method for any one the fresh and alive plant products such as fruit and vegetable, seedling flowers adopt post processing in purposes.
11., according to the purposes of claim 10, wherein for the small heart-eating peach worm in apple, phosphine fumigation dosage is 400-1200ppm.
12., according to the purposes of claim 10, wherein for the citrus fruit fly in navel orange, phosphine fumigation dosage is 1000-3000ppm.
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| CN104886146A (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2015-09-09 | 中国检验检疫科学研究院 | Phosphine and ethyl formate mixed synergist and application thereof |
| CN104920594A (en) * | 2015-07-01 | 2015-09-23 | 中国检验检疫科学研究院 | Apple carposina sasakii phosphine variable temperature integrated treatment method and application |
| CN110122129A (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2019-08-16 | 中国检验检疫科学研究院 | A kind of plant product harmful organism compounding method |
| CN110432240A (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2019-11-12 | 中国检验检疫科学研究院 | A kind of compound quarantine method of fumigating |
| WO2020210935A1 (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2020-10-22 | 中国检验检疫科学研究院 | Method for treating pests in plant products |
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Application publication date: 20131211 |