CN101597235B - Copper-threonine and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Copper-threonine and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a threonine chelate of copper-threonine and the preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing the copper sulfate or the crystalline hydrate of copper sulfate with threonine aqueous solution according to a mole ratio of (0.5-1.1):2 to react at 60-100 DEG C and with a pH value of 4-8 for 0.5-6h under protection of inert gas and obtaining a reaction product; vacuumconcentrating or extracting the reaction products with an organic solvent, drying and crushing to obtain the finished product copper-threonine. The copper-threonine of the invention can be used as the animal feed additive so that the aim to effectively promote the growth of the animal, strengthen the resistance of the animal and improve the utilization efficiency of animal feed can be realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fodder additives and preparation method thereof, relate in particular to a kind of amino acid chelate thing and its production and application.
Background technology
Threonine is a kind of important nutrition-fortifying agent, can play the nutritional fortification effect to cereal, cake, milk-product etc.Threonine is the same with tryptophane, also has to recover human-body fatigue, promote the function of growing.Pharmaceutically,, human body skin is had the water holding effect, after oligonucleotide chain combines, can play an important role the protection cytolemma owing to contain hydroxyl in the structure of Threonine; Threonine can also promote the synthetic and Fatty Acid Oxidation of phosphatide in vivo, and its preparation has medicinal efficacies such as the human development of promotion, anti-fatty liveranti-fatty liver, is commonly used for a moiety in the aminoacids complex transfusion.Simultaneously, Threonine is still made efficient low microbiotic hypersensitive---the basic raw material of monobactam.Along with the raising of people's living standard and the continuous development of aquaculture, Threonine has been widely used in and has added pig starter feed, kind pig feed, broiler fodder, prawn feed and eel feed etc. as feed amino acid.Threonine has following characteristics as animal feedstuff additive: can adjust amino acid whose balance in the feed, promote growth of animal; Can improve meat; Can improve the nutritive value of the low animal-feed raw material of amino acid digestibility; Can be used for producing low proteic feed, help to save protein resource; Can reduce the animal-feed raw materials cost; Can reduce ammonia concentration and release rate in nitrogen content in feces of livestock and poultry and the urine, the livestock and poultry house.Threonine is as the common a kind of limiting amino acid of animal, and its content and proportioning directly affect the nutritive value of daily ration and the production performance of livestock and poultry, adds limiting amino acid and can improve efficiency of feed utilization to greatest extent in the animal daily ration.
Trace copper can effectively participate in important physiological processs such as the pigmentation of formation, keratinization and tissue of cellular oxidation, bone and reticular tissue of body and the formation of spinal cord myelin, and keeps normal heart function to have vital role to body.Copper also is the essential component of some enzyme systems, and especially relevant with cellular oxidation metalloenzyme is participated in organism metabolism directly.The absorption and the function of copper and iron are closely related, can keep the eubolism of ferro element, help the synthetic and erythrocytic maturation of oxyphorase; Can also participate in the breeding activity of body by promoting hypothalamus secretion luteinising hormone-releasing hormo.As human body and animal trace elements necessary, the inorganic salt of many at present employing copper are as animal feedstuff additive, animal absorbs these inorganic salt must pass through the various biological barrier, its specific absorption is low, addition is big, biological value is low, most of discharges the back and contaminate environment through ight soil, and the activity of other nutritive ingredients in the feed (as VITAMIN etc.) is had destruction.Also have and adopt solid Threonine and inorganic copper, but operating process is numerous and diverse, and the solvability of solid Threonine is relatively more difficult jointly as the situation of fodder additives.
How better in conjunction with the advantage of above-mentioned nutritive ingredient and trace element, the complementarity of two kinds of materials can be found full expression in feed, and better promote the synchronous absorption of animal body to above-mentioned two kinds of materials, just become the technical problem that those skilled in the art need to be resolved hurrily.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of fodder additives copper-threonine that can promote that animal absorbs synchronously to Threonine and trace copper is provided, and provide the preparation method of a kind of technology copper-threonine simple, with low cost at this novel substance copper-threonine, also provide a kind of copper-threonine to be applied to method in the animal feedstuff additive simultaneously, to reach effective promotion growth of animal, strengthen the animal resistibility and to improve the purpose of food utilization efficiency.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention proposes a kind of Threonine huge legendary turtle compound, it is characterized in that: the name of described Threonine huge legendary turtle compound is called copper-threonine, and its molecular formula is:
Copper-threonine of the present invention is blue or light blue powder, and is soluble in water, mainly absorbs by amino acid pinocytosis form in animal body.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of above-mentioned copper-threonine, may further comprise the steps:
(1) with the crystalline hydrate of copper sulfate or copper sulfate and mass concentration is 5%～30% Threonine aqueous solution, the crystalline hydrate of described copper sulfate or copper sulfate and the mol ratio of Threonine are (0.5～1.1): 2, under protection of inert gas, react, temperature of reaction is controlled at 60 ℃～100 ℃, pH value when interpolation sodium hydroxide is kept reaction is 4～8, obtains reaction product behind reaction 0.5～6h;
(2) described reaction product is carried out vacuum concentration until obtaining thick enriched material, perhaps obtain throw out, after more described enriched material or throw out being carried out drying, pulverizing, obtain finished product copper-threonine with the moisture in the described reaction product of organic solvent extraction.
Above-mentioned preparation method's main reaction formula is:
Among the above-mentioned preparation method, described rare gas element is a nitrogen.
Among the above-mentioned preparation method, the vacuum degree control of described vacuum Concentrating Process is at 0.05～0.7kgf/cm
2, thickening temperature is controlled at 50 ℃～90 ℃, and concentration time is 0.5～4h.
Among the above-mentioned preparation method, described organic solvent is ethanol, propyl alcohol or butanols, and the volume ratio of the reaction product of described organic solvent and its extraction is 4～12: 1, and the time of extraction is 2～30min.
Among the above-mentioned preparation method, described exsiccant method is to adopt air-flow wink-dry method or flash distillation wink-dry method, and drying temperature is 80 ℃～160 ℃.
The present invention also provides the application of above-mentioned copper-threonine as animal feedstuff additive.
With the additive of above-mentioned copper-threonine as the fattening pig feed, add at feed per ton under the situation of 200～400g, can obviously improve the speed of growth of fattening pig, improve its price of deed, and help to improve fur outward appearance and the meat of fattening pig, and help trace elements absorbed utilizations such as iron, zinc.
With the additive of above-mentioned copper-threonine as sow feed, add at feed per ton under the situation of 200～400g, can obviously improve the reproductive performance of sow and utilize the time limit, improve piglet birth weight and weight of weaning litter, strengthen the resistibility of piglet, improve the survival rate of piglet disease.
With the additive of above-mentioned copper-threonine as the suckling piglet feed, add at feed per ton under the situation of 200～400g, can improve the speed of growth and the survival rate of suckling piglet, reduce the incidence of cad pig.
With the additive of above-mentioned copper-threonine as poultry feed, add at feed per ton under the situation of 100～200g, can promote the poultry growth, improve the utilization ratio of poultry feed, strengthen the feather glossiness of poultry, improve the poultry anti-stress ability, reduce mortality ratio.
With the additive of above-mentioned copper-threonine as aquatic animal feed, add at feed per ton under the situation of 100～300g, can strengthen the immunizing power of aquatic animal, reduce the disease incident of aquatic animal.
With the additive of above-mentioned copper-threonine as ruminant feed, add at feed per ton under the situation of 300～600g, can effectively improve the fur outward appearance of ruminating animal, keep the growth of its central nervous system, improve the hemoglobin level of ruminating animal, prevent exsanguine generation, improve milk crop, do not influence the content of milk composition.
The addition manner of above-mentioned fodder additives preferably adds with solid form, will make other composition in the feed can the oxidation because of the moisture absorption because add with solid form.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that: copper-threonine of the present invention is to absorb by the amino acid approach in livestock and poultry alimentary tract, and its absorption rate is fast, and specific absorption improves greatly, and the biological value height can reduce the consumption of fodder additives.Copper-threonine of the present invention also has good promoter action to the micro-element nutrition of improving animal.Copper-threonine of the present invention also can provide the nutrition of Threonine except that satisfying the needs of animal to trace copper, so can promote growth of animal, effectively avoid the destruction of inorganic copper to VITAMIN isoreactivity material in the feed, can significantly improve the utilization ratio of feed.Copper-threonine of the present invention has stable chemical structure as trace mineral supplement, safety non-toxic, nonirritant, and the output of inorganic copper reduces in the animal excrement, therefore also can protect environment, reduce and pollute.Trace mineral supplement copper-threonine of the present invention can be widely used in (as pig, fowl, aquatic animal, ruminating animal etc.) in the various animal-feeds, can significantly improve the growth performance of animal, improves the utilization ratio of feed.The preparation method who the present invention is directed to above-mentioned copper-threonine proposition also has advantages such as technology is simple, easy to operate, with low cost.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
A kind of finished product copper-threonine of the present invention; be to prepare: at first open nitrogen valve by following steps; air in the replacement reaction kettle under nitrogen protection, is got the 40.55g Threonine earlier then; put in the reactor that fills the 100g reaction water and fully stir; drop into the 42.5g cupric sulfate pentahydrate again, the pH value of keeping reaction mixture with 13.48g sodium hydroxide under 90 ℃ of temperature is 6.8, and reaction is 2.5 hours under the condition of normal pressure; then reaction product is delivered in the concentration tank, at 0.25kgf/cm
2Vacuum tightness, 90 ℃ thickening temperature under, vacuum concentration 45 minutes, treat product be thick after, with the enriched material blanking, go into dish, under 120 ℃, carry out the air-flow wink-dry, prepare finished product copper-threonine after the pulverizing.
Adopt gel filtration chromatography (GB/T 13080.2-2005) that the chelation percent in the reaction product finished product is detected, it is worth all more than 80%.
The feeding experiment that the above-mentioned fodder additives that makes is used for weanling pig.Select the piglet that 90 ages in days are close, birth weight difference is little that feeding and management condition, reproductive effect is close and parity is identical 9 head length sows and the mating of same Du Luoke boar produced as test pig, wean back is according to body weight, principle that sex ratio is identical, be divided into one, two group of control group and test at random, every group of 3 repetitions, each repeats 10 piglets.Wherein control group feed per ton adds copper sulfate 400g, tests one group of feed per ton and adds copper-threonine 200g, two groups of feeds interpolation copper-threonine 400g per ton of test.Test-results sees Table 1.
Table 1: copper-threonine is to the influence of weanling pig growth performance
| Group | Total augment weight kg | Average daily gain kg | Average every feed consumption kg | Feedstuff-meat ratio | Survival rate % | Cad pig incidence % |
| Control group | 18.30±5.98 a | 0.44±0.14 a | 28.07±3.51 a | 1.53±2.33 a | 85.63±0.75 a | 8.60±2.75 a |
| Test one group | 21.28±3.67 b | 0.51±0.09 b | 30.49±1.86 a | 1.43±1.70 b | 92.62±0.78 b | 1.11±3.14 b |
| Test two groups | 22.14±2.48 b | 0.58±0.06 b | 31.34±1.83 a | 1.42±1.07 b | 95.81±0.60 b | 0.83±5.21 b |
Annotate: same column shoulder marking-up parent phase expression difference together is remarkable (p＞0.05) not; The female expression significant difference (p＜0.05) inequality of same column shoulder marking-up.
As can be seen from Table 1, reach significant difference (p＜0.05) on the total augment weight of duration of test test group and control group, average daily gain, feedstuff-meat ratio index, the test group differences is not significantly (p＞0.05) all; For survival rate and cad pig incidence, test group also shows the difference (p＜0.05) of significance than control group.This test-results shows: add copper-threonine and can significantly promote growth in piglets speed and survival rate in the weanling pig daily ration, reduce the generation of cad pig.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of finished product copper-threonine of the present invention; be to prepare: at first open nitrogen valve by following steps; air in the replacement reaction kettle; then under nitrogen protection; get the 47.51g Threonine earlier; put in the reactor that fills the 150g reaction water and fully stir; drop into the 35.42g dried cupric sulfate again; the pH value of keeping reaction mixture with 11.21g sodium hydroxide under 90 ℃ of temperature is 6.8; react 2h under the condition of normal pressure, then reaction product is extracted 30min with propyl alcohol, the volume ratio of propyl alcohol and reaction product is 10: 1; throw out after the extraction is carried out the flash distillation wink-dry under 120 ℃, prepare finished product copper-threonine after the pulverizing.
Adopt gel filtration chromatography (GB/T 13080.2-2005) that the chelation percent in the reaction product finished product is detected, it is worth all more than 80%.
The feeding experiment that the above-mentioned fodder additives that makes is used for goose.Select begin admittedly 162 of young geese of the health of the initial body weight basically identical of 23 ages in days for use, be divided into one, two group of control group and test at random, every group of 3 repetitions, each repeats 18 geese.Wherein control group feed per ton adds copper sulfate 200g, tests one group of feed per ton and adds copper-threonine 100g, two groups of feeds interpolation copper-threonine 200g per ton of test.Test-results sees Table 2.
Table 2: copper-threonine is to the influence of the young goose growth performance that begins admittedly
| Group | First starting weight kg | The heavy kg in end | Average weight gain kg | Feed consumption rate kg | The material anharmonic ratio | Mortality ratio % |
| Control group | 1489.24±101.78 a | 3301.04±142.12 a | 1811.80±132.30 a | 4442.57±492.71 a | 2.45±0.03 a | 14.37±0.47 a |
| Test one group | 1489.30±110.95 a | 3472.05±127.46 b | 1982.75±159.81 b | 4434.07±520.08 a | 2.24±0.11 b | 7.38±0.81 b |
| Test two groups | 1489.90±211.02 a | 3494.25±201.78 b | 2004.35±113.75 b | 4440.37±450.23 a | 2.22±0.07 b | 4.19±0.58 b |
Annotate: same column shoulder marking-up parent phase expression difference together is remarkable (p＞0.05) not; The female expression significant difference (p＜0.05) inequality of same column shoulder marking-up.
As can be seen from Table 2, under the situation of just starting weight, feed consumption rate there are no significant influence (p＞0.05), control group and test group different Cu source and copper level to the weightening finish result of the white goose that begins admittedly vegetative period through multiple comparisons difference all remarkable (p＜0.05); On material anharmonic ratio and mortality ratio index, control group and test group also reach significant difference (p＜0.05), but test group differences not remarkable (p＞0.05).This test-results shows: add copper-threonine and can significantly promote its growth, improve efficiency of feed utilization in the white goose daily ration that begins admittedly; Disease resistance enhancemen, reduction mortality ratio.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of finished product copper-threonine of the present invention; be to prepare: at first open nitrogen valve by following steps; air in the replacement reaction kettle under nitrogen protection, is got the 238Kg Threonine earlier then; put in the reactor that fills the 1000kg reaction water and fully stir; drop into the 250Kg cupric sulfate pentahydrate again, the pH value of keeping reaction mixture with 80kg sodium hydroxide under 90 ℃ of temperature is 6.5, and reaction is 2 hours under the condition of normal pressure; then reaction product is delivered in the concentration tank, at 0.5kgf/cm
2Vacuum tightness, 80 ℃ temperature under, vacuum concentration 30min, treat product be thick after, with the enriched material blanking, go into dish, under 120 ℃, carry out the air-flow wink-dry, prepare finished product copper-threonine after the pulverizing.
Adopt gel filtration chromatography (GB/T 13080.2-2005) that the chelation percent in the reaction product finished product is detected, it is worth all more than 80%.
The feeding experiment that the above-mentioned fodder additives that makes is used for aquatic animal.Select physique stalwartness, well-developed catfish 360 tails for use, be divided into 3 groups (two test group and a control group) at random, every group of 3 repetitions, each repeats 40 tails; Test one group of feed per ton and add copper-threonine 100g, test two groups of feeds per ton and add copper-threonine 300g, control group feed per ton adds copper sulfate 300g.Test-results sees Table 3.
Table 3: copper-threonine is to the influence of catfish growth performance
| Group | First counterpoise g | End counterpoise g | Tail day weight gain g | Feed coefficient | Sickness rate % |
| Control group | 39.38±0.89 a | 103.24±4.58 a | 1.57±1.24 a | 2.11±2.35 a | 11.25％ a |
| Test one group | 39.51±0.42 a | 139.17±6.27 b | 2.03±1.63 b | 1.81±2.47 b | 7.41％ b |
| Test two groups | 39.69±0.74 a | 157.36±6.52 b | 2.14±1.49 b | 1.67±3.04 b | 5.36％ b |
Annotate: same column shoulder marking-up parent phase expression difference together is remarkable (p＞0.05) not; The female expression significant difference (p＜0.05) inequality of same column shoulder marking-up.
As can be seen from Table 3, each group is there was no significant difference (p＞0.05) between counterpoise just, but test group has the difference (p＜0.05) of significance than control group on last counterpoise, tail day weight gain and feed coefficient index, but the test group differences is remarkable (p＞0.05) not, and the disease incident of test group significantly is lower than control group (p＜0.05).This test-results shows: add growth, reduction feed coefficient and disease incident that copper-threonine can promote catfish in the catfish diet.
The above-mentioned fodder additives that makes is used for the milk cow feeding experiment.Select 18 to be in the lactation healthy china holstein cows in early stage, be divided into 3 groups (two test group and a control group) at random, 6 every group; Test one group of feed per ton and add copper-threonine 300g, test two groups of feeds per ton and add copper-threonine 600g, control group feed per ton adds copper sulfate 600g.Test-results sees Table 4.
Table 4: copper-threonine is to the influence of milk cow production performance
| Group | Daily yielding kg | Milk sugar rate % | Milk fat content % | Protein ratio % | Milk dry matter rate % |
| Control group | 14.21 a | 4.66±0.05 a | 3.59±0.19 a | 3.26±0.15 a | 11.53±0.38 a |
| Test one group | 15.89 b | 4.59±0.21 a | 3.65±0.29 a | 3.21±0.21 a | 11.76±0.32 a |
| Test two groups | 15.97 b | 4.49±0.19 a | 3.67±0.20 a | 3.24±0.13 a | 11.96±0.39 a |
Annotate: same column shoulder marking-up parent phase expression difference together is remarkable (p＞0.05) not; The female expression significant difference (p＜0.05) inequality of same column shoulder marking-up.
As can be seen from Table 4, the average daily milk production of test group is 15.93kg, and control group is 14.21kg, and daily yielding improves 12.10%, significant difference (p＜0.05), but test group differences not significantly (p＞0.05); There was no significant difference (p＞0.05) between each is organized on milk sugar rate, milk fat content, protein ratio, the milk dry matter rate index.This test-results shows: add copper-threonine and can significantly improve milk yield in dairy cow diet, but the milk composition is not had influence.
Claims (5)
1. the preparation method of a copper-threonine may further comprise the steps:
(1) with the crystalline hydrate of copper sulfate or copper sulfate and mass concentration is 5%～30% Threonine aqueous solution, the crystalline hydrate of described copper sulfate or copper sulfate and the mol ratio of Threonine are (0.5～1.1): 2, under protection of inert gas, react, temperature of reaction is controlled at 60 ℃～100 ℃, pH value when interpolation sodium hydroxide is kept reaction is 4～8, obtains reaction product behind reaction 0.5～6h;
(2) described reaction product is carried out vacuum concentration until obtaining thick enriched material, perhaps obtain throw out, after more described enriched material or throw out being carried out drying, pulverizing, obtain finished product copper-threonine with the moisture in the described reaction product of organic solvent extraction;
The molecular formula of described copper-threonine is:
2. preparation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described rare gas element is a nitrogen.
3. preparation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that in the described vacuum Concentrating Process, with vacuum degree control at 0.05～0.7kgf/cm
2, thickening temperature is controlled at 50 ℃～90 ℃, and concentration time is 0.5～4h.
4. preparation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described organic solvent is ethanol, propyl alcohol or butanols, and the volume ratio of the reaction product of described organic solvent and its extraction is 4～12: 1, and the time of extraction is 2～30min.
5. preparation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described exsiccant method is to adopt air-flow wink-dry method or flash distillation wink-dry method, and drying temperature is 80 ℃～160 ℃.
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