CN101595356B - 通过低温蒸馏分离气体混合物的方法和装置 - Google Patents
通过低温蒸馏分离气体混合物的方法和装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101595356B CN101595356B CN2007800474576A CN200780047457A CN101595356B CN 101595356 B CN101595356 B CN 101595356B CN 2007800474576 A CN2007800474576 A CN 2007800474576A CN 200780047457 A CN200780047457 A CN 200780047457A CN 101595356 B CN101595356 B CN 101595356B
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- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于气体混合物(1)的低温蒸馏装置,包括用以在具有多个吸附剂罐的系统中净化气体混合物的净化设备(A),塔系统(MP,LP,AR),容器(15),向该容器输送低温液体(19,V19,29,V29)的设备,将蒸发的液体(2,V2)从该容器输送到塔系统中的塔(MP)的设备,位于该容器中的用于使所容纳的液体蒸发的蒸发器(R2),向该蒸发器输送产生热量的气体(4)的设备,以及从该容器中抽取液体(3)的设备。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种通过低温蒸馏分离气体混合物的方法和装置,尤其是通过低温蒸馏分离空气的方法和装置。
背景技术
两个用以净化用于低温分离装置的气体混合物的罐在高压吸附阶段和低压再生阶段之间循环运作。在再生过程和吸附过程之间的过渡因此需要利用来自冷箱的原料气对罐加压。这种额外的流量必须是由用于空气分离单元的主空气压缩机所提供。因此,有必要使上述压缩机配备合适的尺寸以适应由该罐加压流量引起的名义流量的增加。
对于不生产氩的空气分离单元,通常认为罐的加压不利于原料气从冷箱中流出,而塔没有重大稳定性问题。
对于生产氩的分离单元,流量波动太严重以至于压缩机不能提供此额外流量。
已知的是,通过调节回流液体的流量来补偿空气流的减少(US-A-6073463)。
发明内容
根据本发明的装置可以在主空气压缩机不提供额外流量的前提下,补偿向塔中注入的流量的减少。这使得机器成本降低,并且具有更好的适应性和更好的能量优化。
该系统包括带有底部再沸器的低温液体贮罐。
贮罐是不包括任何板片或者填料的容器。
低温液体是温度低于200K的液体。
根据本发明的一个主题,提供了一种用于气体混合物的低温蒸馏的装置,包括用以在基于若干吸附剂罐的系统中净化该气体混合物、根据包括加压阶段的循环进行操作的净化单元,塔系统,贮罐,仅在一加压阶段、优选地任何加压阶段之外将低温液体送到贮罐的设备,仅在所述罐中的一个罐处于加压阶段的期间的至少一部分期间将蒸发的液体从贮罐送到塔系统的塔中的设备,贮罐中用于使容纳于其中的液体蒸发的再沸器,将热气体(产生热量的气体,gaz calorigène)送到再沸器的设备和从贮罐中提取液体的设备。
根据本发明的其他方面:
-低温液体由液化气体混合物的一部分组成和/或热气体由气体混合物的一部分组成;
-该装置包括将在再沸器中液化的热气体送到贮罐的设备;
-液体被从贮罐送到塔系统中的一个(所述)塔中。
根据本发明的另一个主题,提供了一种用于在如上所述的装置中低温蒸馏气体混合物的方法,在该方法中,仅在所述(若干)罐中的一个处于加压阶段的期间的至少一部分期间将气体由贮罐送到塔系统的塔中,并且仅在一加压阶段——优选地任何加压阶段——之外用液体填充贮罐。
根据本发明的其他特征:
-在加压阶段之外,至少一部分气体混合物在贮罐的底部再沸器中冷凝,并且可选地,将液化的气体混合物送到贮罐中;
-气体混合物是空气;
-塔系统包括至少一个包含互相热耦合的中压塔和低压塔的双塔,其中,在所述罐中的一个罐处于加压阶段的期间的至少一部分期间,贮罐中的空气被送到中压塔;
-空气由贮罐被送到中压塔,直到贮罐中的压力达到中压塔的压力;
-仅在所述罐中的一个罐处于加压阶段的期间,将气体由贮罐送到塔系统的塔中;
-贮罐的最大压力在15到40巴之间,优选地在20到30巴之间,和/或最小压力在4到10巴之间。
附图说明
将参照附图更详细地说明本发明,该附图示出根据本发明的空气分离装置。
具体实施方式
空气分离装置包括常规的双塔,该双塔由通过再沸器R1热耦合的中压塔MP和低压塔LP,及氩塔AR这三个塔组成。所述两个塔之间的回流管路在本领域是公知的,因此不再描述或示出。
该装置还包括贮罐15、相分离器17和主交换管路5。过冷器没有示出。
该装置低压塔中的产物为富氧流和富氮流,其中的一个和/或另一个作为液体和/或气体形式的最终产物。
空气1在包括具有吸附剂的罐的净化单元A中净化,然后被压缩到比中压塔MP的压力稍高一点的压力。
该空气被分成两部分5和7。其压力比中压塔MP的压力稍高一点的部分5在交换管路E01中被冷却,并且以气体的形式被送往中压塔MP。
部分7在增压器BAC中被增压到一中间压力,然后在增压器D01C中被再次增压,其中增压器D01C由涡轮机D01驱动。
正好在填充之前和/或期间,处于高压的流7被冷却并送到交换管路E01的热端,在该交换管路E01中,流7在被连续分为两份11、16,或者甚至分为三份4、11、16前部分地冷却。份11在涡轮机D01中膨胀,以便提供装置所需的大部分制冷。膨胀到中间压力的份11与份5重新汇合,形成被送到中压塔MP的流13。
份16在交换管路E01中继续冷却直至到达冷端,可选地为双塔产生的液体蒸发提供制冷(没有图示)。在填充贮罐阶段之外,所有这样形成的液化空气作为流21经过阀V21被送到中压塔。很明显流13可被分开送到两个塔中。
根据本发明的方法至少有两个操作阶段:
根据第一阶段,贮罐15容纳处于沸点的高压(例如25bar abs)液化空气。当净化单元A中的罐开始加压,为了能够持续大约6分钟,通过打开阀V2来打开回路2,以便为中压塔MP供应气态空气,从而补偿塔的原料流的减少,因为该流的一部分用于罐的加压。贮罐15的压力因为液体的蒸发而减小,蒸发所需热量通过贮罐内所有可用液体的过冷却而提供。贮罐15的压力降低至中压塔MP的压力。蒸发并被供应到中压塔的液体的量相应于使净化罐加压所需的气体的量。最终,剩余的液体处于沸点并且处于中压塔MP的压力。
在这个阶段,阀V19、V29是关闭的,并且没有空气供给到贮罐15。
清洗回路3通过阀V3确保不断稀释贮罐中的杂质,阀V3将排出流体(purge)送至来自中压塔MP的底部富液中。
根据第二阶段,在罐的再生期间(持续大约140分钟):执行贮罐15的填充,位于涡轮机D01入口处的较热空气16——其压力高于贮罐的最终的高压——被送至贮罐15中并借助于底部再沸器R2冷凝,贮罐中的液体温度低于涡轮机D01入口处的空气温度。这使得将贮罐中的压力升高到25巴并且用液体填充贮罐15成为可能。当贮罐15中液体的温度与涡轮机D01入口处的温度接近时,系统自然地停止工作。少量额外的液态空气(回路4)通过在再沸器R2中液化空气产生。然后这些液体被送到相分离器17,并通过管路29经阀V29被送至贮罐15的顶部以注满贮罐,来自再沸器R2的这些液体比贮罐中的液体温度低。底部再沸器R2确保这些液体处于平衡温度。在这一阶段,清洗回路3确保通过阀V3不断稀释贮罐中的杂质,阀V3将排出流体送至来自中压塔MP的底部富液。这些富液接下来在氩塔AR的塔顶冷凝器中蒸发。
上述填充阶段可通过直接充注如图示的来自主交换器E01冷端的高压液态空气16、9实现,或者通过从主交换器的一中间点提取流体,以获得良好的塔最终压力时的平衡温度,或者充注过冷却流体(其接着如前所述被塔底交换器再次加热)。
该装置还可以应用于通过蒸馏分离主要成分为氢和一氧化碳的混合物的冷箱。为了补偿在净化转化期间一氧化碳含量的下降,可以释放一氧化碳流到一氧化碳压缩机的进气口或者释放合成气的流,以稳定向用于分离一氧化碳和甲烷的塔的气体供应。
由于贮罐位于冷箱内部,消除了液态一氧化碳扩散的风险。
通常,本发明适用于前面存在净化步骤的任何低温冷箱,以稳定供应到低温塔或者由低温塔产生的任何低温流。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于低温蒸馏气体混合物(1)的装置,包括用以在基于若干个吸附剂罐的系统中净化该气体混合物、按照包含加压阶段的循环进行操作的净化单元(A),塔系统(MP,LP,AR),贮罐(15),仅在加压阶段之外向贮罐输送低温液体的设备(19,V19,29,V29),仅在所述吸附剂罐中的一个处于加压阶段的期间的至少一部分期间将蒸发的液体(2,V2)从贮罐送到塔系统的塔(MP)的设备,贮罐中用于使容纳于其中的液体蒸发的再沸器(R2),将热气体(4)送到再沸器的设备和从贮罐中提取液体(3)的设备,
其中,低温液体包括液化的所述气体混合物的一部分和/或热气体包括所述气体混合物的一部分。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置,包括将再沸器中液化的热气体送到贮罐中的设备(29,V29)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,液体由贮罐被送到塔系统的另外的塔(AR)中。
4.一种用于在根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的装置中低温蒸馏气体混合物的方法,在该方法中,仅在净化单元(A)的吸附剂罐中的一个处于加压阶段的期间的至少一部分期间将气体(2)从贮罐(15)送到塔系统的塔(MP)中,并且仅在加压阶段之外利用液体填充贮罐。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,在加压期间之外,至少一部分气体混合物在贮罐的底部再沸器(R2)中冷凝。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,将液化的气体混合物送到贮罐中。
7.根据权利要求4至6中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,气体混合物是空气。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,所述塔系统包括至少一个包含互相热耦合的中压塔(MP)和低压塔(LP)的双塔,其中在所述吸附剂罐中的一个处于加压阶段的期间的至少一部分期间将贮罐(15)中的空气送到中压塔(MP)。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,将空气从贮罐(15)送到中压塔(MP),直至贮罐中的压力基本达到中压塔的压力。
10.根据权利要求4到6中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,仅在所述吸附剂罐中的一个处于加压阶段的期间,将气体从贮罐(15)送到塔系统的塔(MP)中。
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PCT/FR2007/052552 WO2008084167A2 (fr) | 2006-12-22 | 2007-12-18 | Procede et appareil de separation d'un melange gazeux par distillation cryogenique |
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FR2973486B1 (fr) * | 2011-03-31 | 2013-05-03 | Air Liquide | Procede de separation d'air par distillation cryogenique |
US11097221B2 (en) | 2018-10-05 | 2021-08-24 | 8 Rivers Capital, Llc | Direct gas capture systems and methods of use thereof |
US11285437B2 (en) | 2019-05-03 | 2022-03-29 | 8 Rivers Capital, Llc | Systems and methods for carbon capture |
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US20140202208A1 (en) | 2014-07-24 |
US9546815B2 (en) | 2017-01-17 |
US20100011811A1 (en) | 2010-01-21 |
FR2910604A1 (fr) | 2008-06-27 |
FR2910604B1 (fr) | 2012-10-26 |
US8713964B2 (en) | 2014-05-06 |
EP2104825B1 (fr) | 2018-08-15 |
EP2104825A2 (fr) | 2009-09-30 |
CN101595356A (zh) | 2009-12-02 |
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