CN101595297A - 具有降低的腐蚀特性的球座阀 - Google Patents

具有降低的腐蚀特性的球座阀 Download PDF

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CN101595297A
CN101595297A CNA2008800035696A CN200880003569A CN101595297A CN 101595297 A CN101595297 A CN 101595297A CN A2008800035696 A CNA2008800035696 A CN A2008800035696A CN 200880003569 A CN200880003569 A CN 200880003569A CN 101595297 A CN101595297 A CN 101595297A
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valve
ball seat
diffuser
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seat
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CN101595297B (zh
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G·格林格尔
F·特拉克塞尔
R·米特
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/02Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/02Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
    • F02M47/027Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/44Details, components parts, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M59/02 - F02M59/42; Pumps having transducers, e.g. to measure displacement of pump rack or piston
    • F02M59/46Valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/168Assembling; Disassembling; Manufacturing; Adjusting
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012Valves
    • F02M63/0014Valves characterised by the valve actuating means
    • F02M63/0015Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012Valves
    • F02M63/0031Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
    • F02M63/004Sliding valves, e.g. spool valves, i.e. whereby the closing member has a sliding movement along a seat for opening and closing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012Valves
    • F02M63/0031Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
    • F02M63/0043Two-way valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012Valves
    • F02M63/007Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of the groups F02M63/0014 - F02M63/0059
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/32Details
    • F16K1/34Cutting-off parts, e.g. valve members, seats
    • F16K1/42Valve seats
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K25/00Details relating to contact between valve members and seats
    • F16K25/04Arrangements for preventing erosion, not otherwise provided for
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/04Fuel-injection apparatus having means for avoiding effect of cavitation, e.g. erosion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/28Details of throttles in fuel-injection apparatus
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012Valves
    • F02M63/0014Valves characterised by the valve actuating means
    • F02M63/0015Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid
    • F02M63/0026Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive actuators
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/0318Processes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/7287Liquid level responsive or maintaining systems
    • Y10T137/7358By float controlled valve
    • Y10T137/7439Float arm operated valve
    • Y10T137/7481Rotary valve element
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/7722Line condition change responsive valves
    • Y10T137/7723Safety cut-off requiring reset

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明提出一种用于调节流体介质的流量的球座阀(110)。该球座阀(110)具有阀座(120)和修圆的关闭元件(116),该关闭元件(116)尤其是阀球。该球座阀(110)还具有带有前置节流装置(126)的入口(122)和设置在前置节流装置(126)和阀座(120)之间的扩压器(128)。所述扩压器(128)在其面向阀座(120)的一侧具有收缩部(134)。

Description

具有降低的腐蚀特性的球座阀
技术领域
本发明涉及已知的用于调节流体介质的流量的球座阀。这类球座阀应用在许多技术领域中,在这些技术领域中必需例如在液压调节范围内调节流体介质例如气体或液体的流量。
背景技术
这类球座阀的一个重要应用示例是在汽车技术领域中,尤其是在喷射技术领域中。因此,球座阀被应用在很多喷射装置中,用于调节这类的系统的液压力和/或控制这类系统的喷射特性。球座阀主要用在高压蓄压喷射系统(共轨系统)的区域中,以便控制喷射阀元件的行程,该喷射阀元件打开或关闭喷射孔。在DE 101 52 173 A1和DE 196 50 865 A1中提到了这类装置的例子。在此,直接或间接地影响喷射阀元件行程的控制室直接地或通过另一个经过入口的孔与球座阀处于连接。球座阀除了阀球以外还具有执行机构,该执行机构将阀球压在阀座上或者从阀座上抬起,以便使控制室与卸压室分开或者与卸压室连接。
例如在DE 101 52 173 A1中也示出,从现有技术中已知的用于调节流量的球座阀通常在面向控制室的入口一侧具有前置节流装置。在该前置节流装置上向着球座阀衔接有一个或多个入口扩宽部,所述入口扩宽部可以采用不同的形状。
但是从现有技术中已知的常规球座阀在实践中、尤其是在以几千巴(bar)压力工作的高压喷射系统中具有强烈腐蚀的缺陷。这种腐蚀尤其源于前置节流装置处的空穴现象,空穴现象绝大部分出现在节流行程边界(Hubdrosselgrenze)之外。在此,球座阀行程边界称为节流行程边界,在该行程边界的上方,在球座阀前后压力恒定时,流量不再变化。前置节流装置处的所述空穴效应尤其在球座阀的阀座区域中由于冷凝而进一步导致所谓的气蚀。由此改变球座阀的关闭特性,并且由此改变喷射装置的喷射特性。
发明内容
因此提出一种用于调节流体介质的流量的球座阀以及一种包括这类球座阀的喷射装置,它们避免上述的现有技术中的缺陷。所提出的球座阀尤其具有一种几何形状,在该几何形状的情况下气蚀强烈地减少并且在该几何形状的情况下还是可能出现的气蚀不会如此地损伤阀座,以至于阀座变得不密封。
为了优化球座阀的几何形状已经进行了模拟计算,该模拟计算展现了球座阀处的流体介质的、对于气蚀重要的参数。这些参数尤其是在流体介质中出现的压力、流体介质的速度、流体介质总体积的蒸汽份额以及流体介质的液相和气相之间的质量转换率。
在这些模拟计算中已经证实,如果使用一个通向球座阀阀座的(尤其在高压侧的)入口,而该入口具有前置节流装置和向着阀座衔接在前置节流装置上的扩压器且该扩压器具有在阀座侧的收缩部,则允许有效地减少气蚀。在此,一般性地将前置节流装置和阀座之间的区域称为“扩压器”。
与例如在DE 101 52 173 A1中所述的(尤其是阶梯形的)扩宽部相比,这种具有按照本发明的收缩部的特殊扩压器形状使得上述参数在阀座区域中具有特别的空间曲线,通过该空间曲线避免气蚀。在此通过阀座前面的收缩部使流体介质流如此地偏转,使得明显减少阀座区域中的气蚀风险。
在阀座和扩压器孔之间的倒角一般称为“赫尔哥特倒角(Helgetfase)”。对于已知的阀座几何形状,在该赫尔哥特倒角区域中出现死水区域,即流动与孔壁分离的区域。但是这种流动分离还导致指向壁的流动,即尤其是流体在向着壁的方向上的速度分量。而在按照本发明的几何形状中不出现或明显减少流体介质的流动分离。由此也避免或至少明显减少赫尔哥特倒角中的指向壁的流动,也就是说明显减少或完全避免垂直于孔壁的速度分量。
此外,通过阀座下面的赫尔哥特倒角中的新几何形状明显减少流体介质在壁附近的气相份额。由此在阀座区域中在壁附近没有或仅有无关紧要的蒸汽份额,所述蒸汽份额可以冷凝。因此,该区域中的冷凝率非常低。由于平行于壁的流动、微小的蒸汽份额和在壁附近的低冷凝率的共同出现,通过按照本发明的几何形状有效地避免了气蚀。
因此,按照本发明的球座阀和按照本发明的喷射装置具有高的长期稳定性。所述喷射装置在长的使用时间期间仍显示出均匀的喷射特性和低的泄漏率。
附图说明
本发明的实施例在附图中示出并且在下面的描述中详细解释。附图中:
图1A和1B示出常规球座阀入口的几何形状;
图2示出按照本发明的具有圆柱形扩压器的球座阀的实施例;
图3示出替代图2的具有锥形扩压器的实施例;
图4示出与图1B类似的、在阀座区域中的收缩部的细节图。
具体实施方式
在图1A中示出根据现有技术的球座阀110,该球座阀110例如相应于在DE 101 52 173 A1中示出的结构。同样如下所述,球座阀110的该示例是两位两通阀。但是也可以想到其它设计方案。
球座阀110例如应用在喷射装置中并且用于使与控制室处于连接的孔112与卸压室114连接或者与卸压室114分离。为此借助执行机构118将关闭元件116压在锥形阀座120上或者从该阀座上抬起,其中关闭元件在这种情况下指的是阀球。也可以使用其它的关闭元件形状替代球形关闭元件116,优选本领域技术人员所知的、修圆的形状。
孔112通过入口122与卸压室114处于连接,在孔112中例如可以存在2000巴范围内的燃料压力,入口122是球座阀110的组成部分并且被构造成阀体124中的孔。
入口122首先在指向孔112的一侧具有圆柱形的前置节流装置126,在该前置节流装置126上向着阀座120衔接有圆柱形扩压器128。在此,在前置节流装置126和扩压器128之间的过渡部处通常设置略微的倾斜度。通过前置节流装置126的横截面显著地影响和调节经过球座阀110在节流行程边界上方的流量。
如在DE 196 50 865 A1中所示,执行机构118例如可以是磁性执行机构,在该执行机构中通过电磁体适当地调节关闭元件116的位置。但是也可以使用其它形式的执行机构。
在图1B中以放大的细节图示出在阀处于打开位置时入口122到阀座120的过渡部。在此可以看出,入口122在这个过渡部处具有锥形扩宽部,如例如同样在DE 101 52 173 A1中提出的那样。
如上所述,为了模拟地获得该过渡区域中的上述关键参数,已经进行了不同的模拟计算。在此得知,在图1A和1B中所示的、相应于现有技术的实施方式中,在就喷射装置而言在卸压室114和孔112之间实现的压力差下,在对于球座阀110的密封特性特别关键的密封区域132中出现约200至400m/s范围内的速度,在所述密封区域中关闭元件116在关闭状态下支承在密封座120上。所述速度具有相对于阀体124壁的角度,所述角度位于最大达30°至45°的范围内。
此外,在这个特别关键的区域中得到蒸汽份额(其中主要就柴油进行模拟)最大达总体积的0.7至0.8。此外气相到液相的质量转换率在该密封区域132中是比较高的并且直到约30000kg/(s·m3)(与工作点有关)。如上所述,垂直于阀体124壁的高的速度分量、高的能够冷凝的蒸汽份额和高的质量转换率导致密封区域中的气蚀。
而在图2和3中示出按照本发明的球座阀110的实施例,该球座阀110例如可以应用在按照本发明的燃料喷射装置135中,例如应用在共轨喷射器中。球座阀110同样也具有入口122,该入口122在其与孔112连接的一侧具有前置节流装置126。
也与在按照图1A的实施例中一样,扩压器128向着阀座120衔接在前置节流装置126上。在此,在图2和3中示出该扩压器128的不同设计方案,但是该扩压器在各种情况下都在其向着阀座120的一侧具有收缩部134。
在图2所示的实施例中,扩压器128在前置节流装置126和收缩部134之间构造成基本连续的、圆柱形的扩压器区段136。而在图3所示的实施例中,扩压器128在前置节流装置126和收缩部134之间基本上分成三个分区段:连接在前置节流装置126上的第一圆柱形扩压器区段138、向着阀座120方向扩宽的锥形扩压器区段140和向上一直延伸到收缩部134的第二圆柱形扩压器区段142。
在图3中所示的具有锥形扩压器区段140的扩压器128的设计方案中,在锥形扩压器区段140和第二圆柱形扩压器区段142之间在阀体124中还设置有可选的分界面144。该分界面144使喷射装置135的两个结构组件分开,这两个结构组件例如可以通过外置的、在图3中未示出的锁紧螺母相互连接。该分界面144显著地使扩压器128易于加工,因为在这种情况下例如第一圆柱形扩压器区段138和锥形扩压器区段140可以共同通过孔从上面制造。
与图1B类似,在图4中示出在图2或3中示出的具有收缩部134的球座阀110实施例的、在入口122和卸压室114之间的过渡部细节图。如图4所示,收缩部134在此被构造成三部分式:衔接在圆柱形扩压器区段136或142(视按照图2还是图3的实施例而定)上的第一锥形收缩区段146、接着是圆柱形收缩区段148并且最后是第二锥形收缩区段150。
在此,第一锥形收缩区段146被如此设计,使得阀体124的壁与入口轴线152在该区域中形成在20°至80°之间、优选在25°至65°之间的角度α。类似地,阀体124的壁与入口轴线152在第二锥形收缩区段150中形成角度β,该角度β位于相同的角度范围内。
各个收缩区段146、148、150的长度可以在一宽的范围内构成。在该实施例中,圆柱形收缩区段148的长度约为收缩部134总长度的15%,并且第一锥形收缩区段146的长度约为收缩部134总长度的50%。但是其它设计方案也是可能的,尤其是与所述分配例如最大偏差一个因子3。此外与在此所示的、在圆柱形收缩区段和锥形收缩区段之间具有陡的过渡部的实施例不同,修圆也是可行的。
对于收缩部134在入口轴线152方向上的总长度,即收缩区段146、148和150的和,已经被证实特别适合的尺寸在相对于扩压器的最大横截面DD大于0%且小于100%的范围内(例如在30%至80%之间或在45%至70%之间),并且尤其在0%至50%之间。
在该实施例中,收缩部134在圆柱形收缩区段148的区域中具有它的最窄直径DV。该收缩部直径DV优选位于扩压器128最大直径的30%至70%的范围内、特别优选在40%至60%的范围内、尤其是在55%至60%的范围内。扩压器128的所述最大直径在图4中以DD表示并且在该实施例中是第二圆柱形扩压器区段142的直径(图3中的实施例)或者圆柱形扩压器区段136的直径(按照图2的实施例)。在喷射装置135中存在典型压差的情况下,收缩部134的这种选取产生具有最少气蚀的设计方案。
也已经对在图4中所示的实施例进行了模拟计算,以便获得上述的、表征流量和气蚀的参数。该模拟计算显示出比在图1B中所示的、相应于现有技术的实施例明显改善的值。
已经证实,在密封区域中,尤其是在这样的区域中,关闭元件116在球座阀110关闭的情况下在该区域中支承在阀座120上,出现低于200m/s的速度,其中,对于气蚀重要的是,流动实际上连续地平行于阀体124的壁进行。此外,流体介质的气相体积份额(仍然以柴油计算)与图1B的结果相比明显减少并且得到低于0.2的值。上述的从气相到液相的质量转换率(即形成气蚀的主要原因的冷凝特性)也明显降低并且在关键的密封区域132中位于10000kg/(s·m3)以下。
这些结果显示出,按照本发明的收缩部134达到上述的减少气蚀的作用并且导致所要求保护的球座阀110的长期稳定性得到提高。

Claims (12)

1.一种用于调节流体介质的流量的球座阀(110),具有阀座(120)和修圆的关闭元件(116),该关闭元件(116)尤其是阀球,所述球座阀(110)还具有带有前置节流装置(126)的入口(122)和设置在前置节流装置(126)和阀座(120)之间的扩压器(128),其特征在于,扩压器(128)在其面向阀座(120)的一侧具有收缩部(134)。
2.如前项权利要求所述的球座阀(110),其特征在于,收缩部(134)具有相对于扩压器(128)最大横截面、尤其是相对于扩压器(128)最大直径缩小到30%至70%、尤其是40%至60%且特别优选55%至60%的入口(122)横截面、尤其是入口(122)直径。
3.如上述两个权利要求中任一项所述的球座阀(110),其特征在于,收缩部(134)具有沿着入口轴线的长度,该长度在扩压器(128)最大横截面的0%至100%之间、尤其是在0%至50%之间。
4.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的球座阀(110),其特征在于,收缩部(134)具有背离阀座(120)的锥形收缩区段(146)。
5.如前项权利要求所述的球座阀(110),其特征在于,锥形收缩区段(146)具有相对于入口轴线的开孔角,该开孔角在20°至80°之间且优选在25°至65°之间。
6.如上述两个权利要求中任一项所述的球座阀(110),其特征在于,收缩部(134)还具有设置在锥形收缩区段(146)和阀座(120)之间的圆柱形收缩区段(148)。
7.如前一权利要求所述的球座阀(110),其特征在于,收缩部(134)还具有设置在圆柱形收缩区段(148)和阀座(120)之间的第二锥形收缩区段(150)。
8.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的球座阀(110),其特征在于,扩压器(128)在收缩部(134)前面具有圆柱形扩压器区段(136;138,142)。
9.如前一权利要求所述的球座阀(110),其特征在于,扩压器(128)附加地在圆柱形扩压器区段(136;138,142)前面具有锥形扩压器区段(140)。
10.如前一权利要求中所述的球座阀(110),其特征在于,球座阀(110)具有阀体(124),该阀体(124)在圆柱形扩压器区段(142)和锥形扩压器区段(140)之间的过渡部处具有分界面(144)。
11.一种用于将燃料从高压蓄压器喷射到内燃机燃烧室中的喷射装置(135),包括至少一个用于打开和关闭至少一个喷射孔的喷射阀元件,还包括至少一个与喷射阀元件液压连接的控制室(112),其特征在于,控制室(112)与卸压室(114)通过至少一个如上述权利要求中任一项所述的球座阀(110)连接。
12.如前一权利要求所述的喷射装置(135),其特征在于,设置有至少一个用于操纵关闭元件(116)的机电式执行机构(118),其中,该机电式执行机构(118)尤其包括电磁执行机构和/或压电执行机构。
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