CN101589779A - From wheat bran, extract the method for aleuron - Google Patents
From wheat bran, extract the method for aleuron Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101589779A CN101589779A CNA2009101513776A CN200910151377A CN101589779A CN 101589779 A CN101589779 A CN 101589779A CN A2009101513776 A CNA2009101513776 A CN A2009101513776A CN 200910151377 A CN200910151377 A CN 200910151377A CN 101589779 A CN101589779 A CN 101589779A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- aleuron
- component
- wheat bran
- described method
- goods
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Y—ENZYMES
- C12Y302/00—Hydrolases acting on glycosyl compounds, i.e. glycosylases (3.2)
- C12Y302/01—Glycosidases, i.e. enzymes hydrolysing O- and S-glycosyl compounds (3.2.1)
- C12Y302/01004—Cellulase (3.2.1.4), i.e. endo-1,4-beta-glucanase
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/105—Plant extracts, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L7/10—Cereal-derived products
- A23L7/115—Cereal fibre products, e.g. bran, husk
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L7/10—Cereal-derived products
- A23L7/198—Dry unshaped finely divided cereal products, not provided for in groups A23L7/117 - A23L7/196 and A23L29/00, e.g. meal, flour, powder, dried cereal creams or extracts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Y—ENZYMES
- C12Y302/00—Hydrolases acting on glycosyl compounds, i.e. glycosylases (3.2)
- C12Y302/01—Glycosidases, i.e. enzymes hydrolysing O- and S-glycosyl compounds (3.2.1)
- C12Y302/01006—Endo-1,3(4)-beta-glucanase (3.2.1.6)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Y—ENZYMES
- C12Y302/00—Hydrolases acting on glycosyl compounds, i.e. glycosylases (3.2)
- C12Y302/01—Glycosidases, i.e. enzymes hydrolysing O- and S-glycosyl compounds (3.2.1)
- C12Y302/01032—Xylan endo-1,3-beta-xylosidase (3.2.1.32), i.e. endo-1-3-beta-xylanase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Y—ENZYMES
- C12Y302/00—Hydrolases acting on glycosyl compounds, i.e. glycosylases (3.2)
- C12Y302/01—Glycosidases, i.e. enzymes hydrolysing O- and S-glycosyl compounds (3.2.1)
- C12Y302/01088—Beta-L-arabinosidase (3.2.1.88)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of processing wheat bran, wheat bran particularly, and extraction aleurone cells, particularly from wheat, extract aleurone cells's method, it will be mainly the aleuron component of aleuron and not peel off based on the non-aleuron component of aleuron and separate the component that contains aleuron subsequently in wheat bran, peel off can be by biology enzyme short and/or mechanical disruption realize the separation of certain aleuron fraction subsequently and obtain by wet and/or dried partition method and realize.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of processing wheat bran, particularly wheat bran, and extract the aleurone cells, particularly from wheat, extract aleurone cells's method.In addition, the invention still further relates to method of the present invention peel off and the aleuron composition that separates as the filler in food and the feed, perhaps as food supplement or feed addictive.In addition, also relate to the product that contains aleuron, particularly contain the functional food of aleuron.
Wheat can be divided into three essential parts, i.e. shell, endosperm and plumule.Shell itself can segment and turn to multilayer, and it is divided into three groups equally:
Pericarp (epidermis, vertical cell, cross cell, tubulose cell)
Plant skin (nonferrous layer, colorless layer)
Aleurone
The wheat aleurone cellular layer is the single layer that is made of prothenchyma (of wood), and its content is very important with regard to nutritional physiology.The aleurone cells comprises vitamin, mineral matter, fat, protein, phosphorus, load substances (cell membrane) etc.Aleurone is the outermost layer of endosperm, belongs to endosperm rather than shell on botany.Aleurone cells's layer, extremely thin hyaline layer and kind skin pass through very strong adhesion combination, show especially when machinery separates endosperm and shell (removal wheat bran).From the industry technical standpoint of milling, aleurone cells's layer belongs to wheat bran or shell, and it also has other purposes as edible or feed wheat bran.
The grain particularly endosperm of wheat is wrapped up by multilayer package.There is pericarp the outside, comprises epidermis, cross cell, tubulose cell.Towards the direction of endosperm, next be kind of a skin, be thereafter hyaline layer, be aleurone cells important on the nutritional physiology then.These aleurone cells comprise many mineral matters, vitamin and load substances, seldom suffer the pollution of harmful substance with the protection of planting skin through pericarp.
Though pericarp can also more easily separate with kind of a skin, be the separating of aleurone cells and kind of skin very complicated.Therefore, Zheng Ti wheat bran is used as feed or edible wheat bran mostly.For obtaining preservable wheat bran, for example carry out damp and hot stabilisation according to DE-A-4435453 at this point.
According to Japanese publication number be 11103803 method to produce oxidation resistant rice wheat bran be known, handle (polishing) washings afterwards from rice and obtain.This is at first added a kind of medicament in washings, heat-treat subsequently water is removed.Just formed simultaneously bigger bran grain in this.Also can obtain complete wheat bran at this.
US-PS 5082680 has described a kind of mechanical means of costliness and has hierarchically peeled off wheat bran.Wetting down through polishing or shell step and once scrub the step delamination for four times at this wheat bran at twice.After washing the first time of pure, dry wheat, leave standstill.Removed the epidermis of pericarp along with first polishing step.
After washing for the second time, cross cell and tubulose cell are just separated from pericarp in second polishing step.These bran layers sift out from capes and plumule.Owing to thinking their low-level phosphorous phytic acid contents, the bran layer of these screenings should use as food additives.
In the 3rd polishing step, plant skin, partially transparent layer and aleurone cells and be separated.
In the 4th polishing step, mainly remove aleurone except the kind skin of remnants, it is considered to be unworthy further having handled.
Removal is still adhering in scrubbing subsequently wheat bran residue and plumule cool off, wetting and leave standstill subsequently.
Though described prior art has illustrated the certain applications of wheat bran prevailingly, yet it does not provide the solution at aleurone cells's separation and use.
Basic task of the present invention is exactly that the drawback of the prior art of avoiding cited and obtaining has in the aleuron component, particularly wheat that physiology is worth especially, as far as possible intactly and as far as possible in good condition obtains from the wheat bran that contains them.
An other task is, makes the aleuron component of so obtaining to be added and to add in human and animal's food.
This task is so to solve, and peels off with the non-aleuron component that does not mainly contain aleuron mainly containing the aleuron component of aleuron in the wheat bran, and isolates the component that contains aleuron subsequently.The aleuron component of separating is thereupon as filler in the traditional food or the special product that add.
The aleurone cells is peeled off and can be undertaken by the processing method that biochemical enzymes processing, mechanical disruption or biochemical enzymes combine with mechanical disruption from wheat bran.
In the biochemical enzyme catalytic treatment, make wheat bran in the container of water is housed, under the ideal temperature and ideal pH value of enzyme, adding is as the enzyme of CBAC material, so that the adhesion between aleurone cells's layer and brown kind skin weakens under the effect of enzyme, and aleuron is organized under the gentle mechanism can be peeled off with kind of a skin with no damage.
On purpose that wheat bran is at first cracked to 400-800 μ m size, help like this wheat bran is also separated with the endosperm that still adheres on it.
Preferably the aleuron tissue is peeled off with the kind skin with no damage by the mechanism of gentleness.If the mechanism to bran is can be easily with the form of effective shearing force.This can for example so realize, the liquid that adds wheat bran is become glue, imposes shearing force then thereon.The mechanism that acts on wheat bran also can reach by extruder.
In particularly preferred embodiments, the cell membrane that biochemical substances makes the aleurone cells is partial rupture at least, so that can discharge aleurone cells's content.Respectively according to the needs of nutritional physiology preferably with aleurone cells's cell membrane enzymatic degradation fully more or less, it is relevant with hemicellulose, it is important life basis for some enteric bacteria.
Surprisingly, can separate aleurone and affiliated individual cells with the kind skin that closely links to each other by weakening adhesion.Preferably realize by suitable enzyme, for example, endoxylanase (endoxylanase)/arabinoxylan enzyme (arabinoxylanase).The cold shock meeting helps weakening of adhesion.
Acquisition has aleurone cells's polymer of intact cell wall or the aleurone cells in solution, and its content can separated and degraded.
The biochemical enzymes of using is harmless for the human food, so aleurone cells or its content (protein, vitamin etc.) especially can be used for or in diet food.
Adhesion between aleurone cells and very tough and tensile brown kind skin can be removed with enzyme and gentle mechanical shock effect, and the result who causes complete aleurone cells to peel off out from kind of skin.
This further realizes by the enzyme of xylanase activity and the mechanical shock of centrifugal grinding mill gentleness.
In addition, the aleurone cells can peel off out fully from wheat bran by enzyme, like this, just might isolate aleurone cells's content and its cell wall fragments from the shell component (particularly planting skin) that remains intact.This mainly is to realize with the enzymatic mixture of zytase, 1,4 beta-glucanase, cellulase and arabinose enzyme.
Sum up:
Complete still aleurone cells or its content of degraded all obtain under suitable condition.
Used biochemical enzymes is harmless to the human food.
The another one advantage has provided the possibility that each layer analyzed.
On purpose the component that mainly contains aleuron of moisture bran mixture is peeled off each other with the component that does not mainly contain aleuron and separated.
Thisly peel off and separate and to realize with " wetting " of the present invention method, squeeze wheat bran aqueous mixture thus through enzymatic treatment, make the form of starching with aleuron in the aleuron component of aqueous phase dissolving and suspension be entrained in aqueous phase, residual wheat bran component is stayed becomes press cake in the squeezer.Another selection is exactly, and filters the wheat bran aqueous mixture through enzymatic treatment, makes to be entrained in the form of aleuron slurry in aqueous phase dissolving and/or the aleuron component that suspends to contain aqueous phase, and residual wheat bran component is stayed becomes filter residue in the filter.
But the wheat bran aqueous mixture of handling through biochemical enzymes also can separate the aleuron component by decantation with non-aleuron component.Perhaps can be separated into aleuron component and two kinds of immiscible liquid of non-aleuron component according to the difference of wettable and/or solubility.Aforementioned separating step is feasiblely and easy to implement to peel off and separate in conjunction with using in some cases, and wherein identical with different separating steps can successively be implemented on same aqueous mixture.
In order to peel off mutually and to separate different aleuron components, the aleuron slurry that preferably will carry the aleuron component secretly is centrifugal.Also the aleuron slurry can be filtered by microfiltration and/or ultrafiltration for this reason.In order further to peel off and to separate some aleuron component, even can also use reverse-osmosis treated.In this way.The different fractions of aleuron component just can be extracted, and it can be used in the functional food.
In order to increase the aleuron component concentrations, preferably water is taken out in the aleuron slurry of carrying the aleuron component secretly, with this aleuron that concentrates slurry.Another selection is, produces the aleuron powder that is made of the aleuron component by spray-drying, freeze drying, vacuum drying, preferably realizes pre-concentration with evaporimeter before producing the aleuron powder.The protein of dissolving in particularly starching by the heating aleuron slurry or the protein precipitation aleuron of saltouing.Extracting the product contain aleuron in this way operates and is easy to.
For obtaining a kind of its performance and product that can exist of not changing, will comprise the aleuron component and, before concentrating or milling, after sufficiently long biochemical enzymes active function, carry out pasteurization as the aqueous mixture or the aleuron slurry of biochemical activity thing enzyme.
It is in grinding powder machine, centrifugal impact mill or jet mill aleuron component and non-aleuron component to be peeled away that " doing " method of the mechanical disruption of wheat bran is handled.Optionally these methods also can combine.Before the mechanical disruption of bran is handled with its wetting be favourable.
In a particularly preferred embodiment according to the inventive method, " wetting " method that is mechanical disruption is handled, in water, add bran, in rubber mill or the preferred ball mill that uses the baton round similar, aleuron component and non-aleuron component are peeled away then to bran density.
With dry method or wet method aleuron component disconnected from each other and non-aleuron component by classification be categorized into fraction.The classification of aleuron component and non-aleuron component mixture and classification also can realize with the winnowing point-score, optionally can carry out drying earlier.Preferably having the angle of rake winnowing of passage for this purpose divides device, profile of tooth winnowing to divide device or crossflow formula winnowing to divide device.Optionally the winnowing with these types divides device to unite use.
In another advantageous embodiment, before further sieving and grading, isolate the fine particles that divides the tiny fraction that device obtains by winnowing, can prevent that like this small particle that sieve is assembled from stopping up thereon.The preferred metallic screen that uses ground connection.With this reduce fine particles and the caking that forms by such fine particles with the danger of going up electric charge.The caking of this class fine particles might become false fraction in the subsequent step of peeling off and separating.
After winnowing divides the classification or classification of device, also to carry out the classification or the classification of electric field as needs.Local uniform with uneven, temporal steady electric field and the exchange electric field can use.This just makes different particulates because different electric charge and/or different polarity and separated from one another.
For example, if have the angle of rake winnowing of passage to divide device processing wheat bran with one, at these different particulates (not only comprise the no aleuron shell particulate that derives from the wheat elephant skin but also comprise the aleuron particulate) when the thick fraction of wheat bran, by have the angle of rake winnowing of passage divide in the device arch or particularly during the circular passage, particulate is with electric charge and/or polarity in a different manner because of contact electrification each other and/or with the conduit wall friction, they pass an electric field controls district along flight path after having left the angle of rake winnowing of passage to divide device, this make derive from elephant skin no aleuron shell particles agglomerate in a certain position (first site) and simultaneously the aleuron particles agglomerate in second site different with first site.This partition method is convenient especially, seems clearly more demarcated because isolate white to yellow aleuron particulate from the shell particulate that elephant skin are arranged of dark color by vision.In addition, what must carry is that the elephant skin of wheat are difficult to clean, and cause it to comprise many undesirable materials, might be environmental toxins.
In another embodiment, the separation of the stone roller goods that are made of the wheat bran through milling is by grinding goods, carry out on a certain position in the groove that tilt, chatter of importing simultaneously, its gradient, surface roughness and chatter degree move and are provided with along conduit with different translational speeds in groove according to different stone roller goods components, contain the more or less different stone roller product fraction of aleuron component to obtain on this other different position in continuous time interval inside groove.
Goods import one to tilt simultaneously by grinding in the separation of the stone roller goods that are made of the wheat bran through milling, carry out on a certain position in the groove of chatter, its gradient, surface roughness and chatter degree are according to the aleuron component is moved than the upper end to groove, and non-aleuron component then moves and is provided with in the lower end slightly to conduit.
Another kind of separation of grinding goods is by carrying out in the container precipitation that liquid is housed, it grinds the goods different sedimentation times of component in liquid container according to difference, and the form in the bottom of container with the beds of precipitation of the aleuron component more or less that comprises is obtained different stone roller product fraction.
Grind the goods particulate and move at the equipotential plane of non-uniform electric field, also separablely go out to grind goods, electric field makes to mill and sprays thing or dielectric properties that the logistics of milling is ground the goods particulate because of difference are divided into and comprise the more or less fraction of aleuron component.For example, the injection thing that grinds the goods particulate separates with certain orbital motion and through non-uniform electric field by the laminar flow carrying object along the equipotential plane of electric field.
Owing to make each other and/or in the friction on the container and to grind static on the goods particulate band, and the motion of crosscut electric field, cause milling and spray thing and be divided into and comprise the more or less fraction of aleuron component because of grinding the different electrical properties of goods particulate.Particularly, the injection thing that grinds the goods particulate cross electric field by cross-current the laminar flow carrying object with certain orbital motion through electric field separates.
Separate also can combine with aforesaid separating step and finish, its preferred version is for only being transformed into " doing " method once from " wetting " method.
After the classification of wheat bran component, for instance, by a kind of aforementioned operation method, the stone roller product fraction of extraction can be used the special biochemical substances of branches at different levels is further handled, and on purpose influences the characteristic of product with this.Therefore, at first with different aleuron fractions separated from one another be very rational, handle each fraction subsequently specifically, mix the fraction that specific process is crossed then again, make the mixture relative concentration that changes the nature regulation become possibility with this, this production to functional food is very important.
Described biochemical substances is the enzyme below a kind of at least in water-bearing media, 1,4 beta-glucanase, cellulase, zytase and arabinose enzyme, the enzyme in the water-bearing media with grind product fraction and be mixed into aqueous mixture.
Especially advantageously, if the biochemical substances that is mixed with in the water-bearing media that grinds the manufactured goods fraction is a kind of following enzyme at least, endoxylanase, beta-xylanase, arabinofuranosidase, acetylesterase, wooden acetylesterase (xyloacetylesterase) and asafoetide acyl esterase (feruloylesterase).
Preferably food supplement or the feed addictive based on aleuron is to be compressed into the compressed product that contains adhesive harmless in aleuron component and the nutritional physiology.For example, aleuron powder above-mentioned just can use in this production process.
Food supplement or feed addictive also can be drink forms.Above-mentioned concentrated aleuron slurry can be for example uses with more or less conc forms at this.
Additive or food supplement or feed addictive also can be powder.Aleuron powder above-mentioned also can be done this purposes.
In addition, food can be starch product or dairy produce.In principle, in order to produce functional food with special physiological function, peculiar taste, special construction etc., ambiguous flour additive agent can powder or juice be added in any processed food of wanting.
So for example, can add in the functional food by special microfiltration and/or the special centrifugal aleuron component of from aleurone cells's plasm, separating out.In containing the aleuron product, can comprise the partly or entirely above-mentioned aleuron tissue of mentioning of peeling off and separating.
Functional food of the present invention comprises at least a aleuron content that obtains according to said method.
Functional food of the present invention can selectively comprise by the aleurone cells of the aleurone cells of the abundant hydrolysis of enzyme or partial hydrolysis or still complete aleurone cells.Fully the cell membrane of the aleurone cells of hydrolysis " accurate predigestion " and cell inclusion just can directly enter human metabolism.And the cell membrane that the aleurone cells of " half predigestion " of part enzymatic hydrolysis weakens with their is on the one hand easily by human digestive, and they are again the food of enteric bacteria on the other hand.Even undamaged aleurone cells's part is all useful to the mankind in the functional food, because aleurone cells's hemicellulose cell membrane at least can be by human digestive under the help of enteric bacteria.
Other advantage of the present invention, feature and application possibility provide at the following embodiment that is not intended for restriction understanding.
Wet method:
At one the wheat that stirs drying, cleans in the closed container of water and enzymatic mixture is housed.
Water optionally can be equipped with the independently heater of accelerating heating process by additional mechanical energy heating on container.
Effect by enzyme makes pericarp peel off and may separate.After further stirring, plant skin and also peel off with the aleurone cells who from endosperm, breaks away from.Endosperm at this point can be separated, and the aleurone cells in the water just can be degraded independently.
Example 1
Size distribution is mixed water in the wheat bran of 400-8000 μ, stir down at 45-55 ℃, and add enzyme solutions (zytase, 1,4 beta-glucanase, cellulase and arabinose enzyme).Because the effect of single/plurality of enzymes, some aleurone cells separates as tissue from kind of skin with organizational form, and some is then freed fully, screens from residual shell component with this.The aleurone cells is dissolved thus, and cellular content pours in the solution as plasm.The residue of wet screening comprises undissolved shell component (planting skin, pericarp).The filtrate of wet screening comprises aleurone cells's content and cell wall fragments thereof.
Example 2
Size distribution is mixed water and is stirred down at 45-55 ℃ in the wheat bran of 400-800 μ, and adds enzyme solutions (zytase).This will cause the weakening of adhesion between kind of skin and the aleurone cells's layer, subsequently can be with two-layer the peeling off that adheres to.This effect can be optimized by gentle mechanism (centrifugal grinding mill), and does not destroy cell tissue.
Example 3
Wheat bran and water are blended under 45-50 ℃, add a kind of enzyme solutions (zytase, 1,4 beta-glucanase, cellulase, arabinose enzyme) and prolonged agitation one hour.Made the suspension layering that waits to handle in two minutes with the dispersant effect.With the suspension filtered that stays.The wet screening filtrate comprises the aleurone cells and the content thereof of degraded, and filtration residue is made up of the kind skin that thoroughly separates with the aleurone cells.
Dry method:
Wheat bran through cleaning is dry and low-grade fever in the wheat bran centrifuge, after grinding mill is milled, the effect of separate housings and aleurone should be arranged, and the mixture of wheat bran component is sieved into fraction.Divide device with shell component (planting skin, exosper) and aleuron (may be stained with shell) constituent classification with winnowing then.The step of separating, screen, extracting repeats multipass has the aggregate amount of expectation with acquisition aleurone cells naturally.It is 60% aleurone cells that the aleuron component that obtains will comprise concentration at least, preferably more than 80%.According to their purposes, these components are wanted further dry and are milled, and for example grind in the powder machine at cylinder.Individual other method step will be further described below.
In strip step, the bran grain must stand the strength that causes aleuron and shell to be peeled off.If the use impact mill, because the effect of applied force (impulsive force, gravity) at first bends particulate.This causes granularity, and approximately the particulate of＞800 μ m is cracked rather than be stripped from.Only when particulate drops to a certain particular value, can aleuron and shell be peeled off.The granularity of particulate depends on each layer (pericarp → cellulose when peeling off; Plant skin → hemicellulose; Aleuron → hemicellulose) intensity and layer be adhesion down.Intensity and adhesion are subjected to the material impact of humidity and temperature.In order to optimize stripping conditions, wheat bran must carry out heat treated earlier.The optimization humidity that experimental results show that product between 8%-12%, preferred 10%.Product temperature should be not less than 25 ℃ when peeling off.
The about 70m/s of the rotating speed of impact mill (but＜120m/s) time proof is favourable.The mesh of used sieve should be 0.3-0.8mm, preferred 0.5mm.The effect of what is called " faller gill sieve (Raffelsiebe) " (brand name Conidur) with 0.5mm mesh is good.
Except that impulsive force, the impact force proof that produces in jet mill or centrifugal impact mill is favourable in peeling off.Particularly the process in centrifugal impact mill (MIPS) has the useful effect of peeling off, and occurs in the edge because the guide vane on the centrifugal rotor is lined up sheet bran grain and collide.This makes gravity have an effect, do not have bending stress act on particulate and cause cracked.This causes that shell and aleuron peel off with bigger particle, therefore can use better simply equipment in classification.
Thereby the method for extracting aleuron can be divided into five steps:
1. drying/heating
2. peel off
3. screening
4. winnowing branch (drying)
5. pulverize
The bran grain need pass through several cycles after rule of thumb dry.Loop number depends primarily on desired quality (shell proportion).With screening after the stripping bench obtain＞particulate of 500 μ m fractions turns back to stripping bench once more, because general exosper is not also peeled off out from this fraction aleuron fully.Quality as requested must be repeatedly through screening and winnowing branch.The particulate of empirical evidence＞300 μ m preferably uses the profile of tooth winnowing to divide the device classification.Particulate＜300 μ m have caking tendency, and the suggestion use has the angle of rake winnowing of passage and divides device.Such classifier has the advantage that caking is disperseed, and it also has stronger separation accuracy.
As everyone knows, level partial width and separation accuracy are significant in classification.Experiment shows that the winnowing that uses following mesh width can offer subsequently divides device suitable screening fraction:
1.400μm
2.300μm
3.200μm
4.150μm
5.100μm
Measurement to most important mineral matter (Ca, Fe, K, Mg, P, Zn) shows that its content in contrast to wheat bran and improved 2 times, so the shell share necessarily＜10%.Mesh is 100 μ m only) the screening fraction be not this situation, the very big and corresponding costliness of classification difficulty of this naturally granularity (＜100 μ m) fraction.
If in application, need, can be ground the powder machine by cylinder as the final step aleurone cells and pulverize.
The chemical analysis of the aleuron of extracting with applicant's method
| Content energy (estimation) | Mass unit Kcal/KJ | The content 2001/840 of per 100 grams |
| Protein | g | 16 |
| Carbohydrate | g | 42 |
| Starch | g | 1 |
| Cellulose | g | 0 |
| Carbohydrate | g | 12.9 |
| Free sugar | g | 8.6 |
| Melitriose | g | 2.6 |
| Fats | g | 8 |
| Saturated fatty acid | g | 1.4 |
| Monounsaturated fatty acids | g | 1.4 |
| Polyunsaturated fatty acid | g | 5.2 |
| The edible fibers class | g | 45 |
| Solubility | g | 15 |
| Insoluble | g | 30 |
| Vitamin | ||
| E (tocopherol) | mg | 6 |
| B1 (thiamine, thiamine hydrochloride) | mg | 1.3 |
| B2 (riboflavin (Riboflavin), lactoflavine (Laktoflavin) | mg | 1 |
| B6 (pyridoxine, adermin) | mg | 4 |
| Folic acid | g | 300 |
| Nicotinic acid, niacinamide | mg | 35 |
| Pantothenic acid | mg | 4.5 |
| Mineral matter (Ash) | ||
| Calcium (Ca) | mg | 2225 |
| Magnesium (Mg) | mg | 915 |
| Phosphorus (P) | mg | 2520 |
| Iron (Fe) | mg | 22 |
| Zinc (Zn) | mg | 28 |
| Phytochemicals | ||
| Phytic acid | g | 4.12 |
| Forulic acid | mg | 5 |
| Caffeic acid | mg | 1 |
| Chlorogenic acid | mg | 1 |
| Lignanoid | g | 13 |
| Arabinoxylan | g | 29 |
Form has shown the chemical analysis results of applicant to the aleuron of extracting according to the inventive method.
Wanting ben is, the improvement of appreciable many body functions is owing to the aleuron of taking in the food.For example, polybasic unsaturated fatty acid has positive role to heart/circulatory system and cholesterol levels.Vitamin E (tocopherol) has positive role to heart/circulatory system and cholesterol levels and colon.Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine, adermin) has special positive role to general health and good feel.Magnesium, folic acid have very positive effect to the performance of mind ﹠ body.Iron also has contribution to general health status and good feel.Soluble and insoluble dietary fibre has positive role to digestion, heart/circulatory system and colon.
Claims (73)
1. handle wheat bran, particularly wheat bran for one kind, and extract the aleurone cells, particularly from wheat, extract aleurone cells's method, it is characterized in that, in the wheat bran, be mainly the aleuron component of aleuron and do not peel off, and extract the component that contains aleuron based on the non-aleuron component of aleuron.
2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that the separation of wheat bran is that the effect by biochemical enzymes realizes.
3. according to the method for claim 2, it is characterized in that, make wheat bran in the container of water is housed, under the ideal temperature and ideal pH value of enzyme, adding is as the enzyme of CBAC material, so that the adhesion between aleurone cells's layer and brown kind skin weakens under the effect of enzyme, and aleuron is organized under the gentle mechanism can be peeled off with kind of a skin with no damage.
4. according to any described method among the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, at first wheat bran is broken to 400-800 μ m.
5. according to any described method among the claim 1-4, it is characterized in that wheat bran is at first peeled off with endosperm.
6. according to any described method among the claim 2-5, it is characterized in that aleuron is organized under the gentle mechanism and peels off with kind of a skin with no damage.
7. according to the method for claim 6, it is characterized in that mechanism is to act on the form of the shearing force on the wheat bran.
8. according to the method for claim 7, it is characterized in that, the liquid through adding wheat bran is imported colloid mill, to apply shearing force.
9. according to the method for claim 7 or 8, it is characterized in that, wheat bran is applied mechanism with extruder.
10. according to any described method among the claim 3-9, it is characterized in that aleurone cells's cell membrane breaks down to small part in the biochemical substances effect, make aleurone cells's content to discharge.
11. the method according to claim 10 is characterized in that, is mainly the component of aleuron in the wheat bran of aqueous mixture and peels off each other with the component that does not mainly contain aleuron and separate.
12. method according to claim 11, it is characterized in that, squeezing makes the form of starching with aleuron in the aleuron component of aqueous phase dissolving and suspension be entrained in aqueous phase through the wheat bran aqueous mixture of enzymatic treatment, and residual wheat bran component is stayed becomes press cake in the squeezer.
13. method according to claim 11, it is characterized in that, filtration is through the wheat bran aqueous mixture of enzymatic treatment, makes to be entrained in the form of aleuron slurry in aqueous phase dissolving and/or the aleuron component that suspends to contain aqueous phase, and residual wheat bran component is stayed becomes filter residue in the filter.
14. the method according to claim 11 is characterized in that, decantation separates aleuron component and non-aleuron component through the wheat bran aqueous mixture of enzymatic treatment.
15. the method according to claim 11 is characterized in that, will be divided into aleuron component and two kinds of immiscible liquid of non-aleuron component through the wheat bran aqueous mixture of enzymatic treatment according to different wettability.
16. the method according to claim 11 is characterized in that, the wheat bran aqueous mixture through enzymatic treatment can be divided into aleuron component and two kinds of immiscible liquid of non-aleuron component according to different solubility.
17. the method according to claim 11 is characterized in that, separation process is finished by the separating step of comprehensive enforcement claim 12-16, and identical with different thus separating steps can successively put on same aqueous mixture.
18. according to any described method among the claim 12-17, it is characterized in that, the aleuron slurry that is entrained with the aleuron component is centrifugal, so that the aleuron component that differs from one another of peeling off and separating.
19. the method according to any among the claim 12-18 is characterized in that, the aleuron that is entrained with the aleuron component is starched certain aleuron component of peeling off and separate through microfiltration.
20., it is characterized in that certain other the aleuron component that the aleuron slurry that is entrained with the aleuron component is peeled off and separated through ultra-filtration filters according to any described method among the claim 12-19.
21. according to any described method among the claim 12-20, it is characterized in that,, the aleuron slurry that is entrained with the aleuron component is peeled off and separated certain other aleuron component through reverse-osmosis treated.
22., it is characterized in that, water is taken out from the aleuron slurry that is entrained with the aleuron component, to increase the concentration of aleuron composition, the aleuron that obtains concentrating slurry according to any described method among the claim 11-21.
23. the method according to claim 22 is characterized in that, prepares the aleuron powder that is made of the aleuron component by spray-drying, freeze drying or vacuum drying.
24. the method according to claim 22 or 23 is characterized in that, before preparation aleuron powder, carries out pre-concentration in evaporimeter.
25. according to any described method among the claim 13-24, it is characterized in that, with the protein precipitation that is dissolved in the aleuron slurry.
26. the method according to claim 25 is characterized in that, makes protein precipitation by heating aleuron slurry.
27. the method according to claim 25 is characterized in that, makes protein precipitation by saltouing.
28. the method according to claim 25 is characterized in that, the integrated application of the measure by claim 26 and/or claim 27 and the measure of other precipitating proteins makes protein precipitation.
29. according to any described method in the aforesaid claim, it is characterized in that, comprise the aleuron component and sterilizing with pasteurization through after the sufficient enzyme effect as the aqueous mixture or the aleuron slurry of the enzyme of biochemical activity material.
30. the method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, realizes separating by machinery-effect of milling.
31. the method according to claim 30 is characterized in that, realizes peeling off of aleuron component and non-aleuron component by grinding the powder machine.
32. the method according to claim 30 is characterized in that, realizes peeling off of aleuron component and non-aleuron component by centrifugal impact mill.
33. the method according to claim 30 is characterized in that, realizes peeling off of aleuron component and non-aleuron component by jet mill.
34. the method according to claim 30 is characterized in that, realizes peeling off of aleuron component and non-aleuron component in conjunction with the separating measure according to claim 31-33.
35., it is characterized in that wheat bran is earlier wetting before mechanical disruption is handled according to any described method among the claim 30-34.
36. the method according to claim 30 is characterized in that, wheat bran is added put in the water, by colloid mill aleuron component and non-aleuron component is peeled off.
37. the method according to claim 30 is characterized in that, wheat bran is added put in the water, by ball mill aleuron component and non-aleuron component is peeled off.
38. the method according to claim 37 is characterized in that, what use in the ball mill is baton round.
39., it is characterized in that aleuron component of peeling away each other and non-aleuron component are by classification and be categorized into fraction according to any described method among the claim 30-38.
40. the method according to claim 39 is characterized in that, divides device to carry out classification or classification with winnowing.
41. the method according to claim 40 is characterized in that, with there being the angle of rake winnowing of passage to divide device to carry out classification or classification.
42. the method according to claim 40 is characterized in that, divides device to carry out classification or classification with the profile of tooth winnowing.
43. the method according to claim 40 is characterized in that, divides device to carry out classification or classification with crossflow formula winnowing.
44. the method according to claim 40 is characterized in that, the multiple winnowing of comprehensive claim 41-43 divides device to carry out classification or classification.
45. the method according to claim 39-40 is characterized in that, will divide the particulate in the fraction that device obtains further separating before the sieving and grading through winnowing.
46. the method according to claim 45 is characterized in that, uses the metallic screen of ground connection to screen.
47., it is characterized in that winnowing is implemented in classification or classification in the electric field after dividing the classification of device or classification immediately according to any described method among the claim 40-46.
48. method according to claim 41, it is characterized in that, be applied to wheat bran, it comprises the different particulates that the no aleuron shell particulate that derives from the wheat elephant skin comprises the thick fraction of wheat bran of aleuron particulate again, by have the angle of rake winnowing of passage divide in the device arch or particularly during circular channel, be with electric charge and polarity by different way because of contacting electricity each other and/or with the conduit wall friction through particulate, pass through an electric field controls space along a flight track after the angle of rake winnowing of passage divides device having left, this make the no aleuron shell particulate that derives from elephant skin assemble in first site and the aleuron particles agglomerate in second site different with first site.
49. according to any described method in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, the separation of the stone roller goods that are made of the wheat bran through milling is by grinding goods, carry out on a certain position in the groove that tilt, chatter of importing simultaneously, its gradient, surface roughness and chatter degree move and are provided with along conduit with different translational speeds in groove according to different stone roller goods components, contain the more or less different stone roller product fraction of aleuron component to obtain on this other different position in continuous time interval inside groove.
50. according to any described method among the claim 1-49, it is characterized in that, goods import one to tilt simultaneously by grinding in the separation of the stone roller goods that are made of the wheat bran through milling, carry out on a certain position in the groove of chatter, its gradient, surface roughness and chatter degree are according to the aleuron component is moved than the upper end to groove, and non-aleuron component then moves and is provided with in the lower end slightly to conduit.
51. according to any described method in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, the separation of grinding goods is by carrying out in the container precipitation that liquid is housed, it grinds the goods different sedimentation times of component in liquid container according to difference, and the form in the bottom of container with the beds of precipitation of the aleuron component more or less that comprises is obtained different stone roller product fraction.
52. according to any described method in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that the separation of grinding goods is to spray thing or mill logistics because of the dielectric properties difference of grinding goods particulate be divided into different comprise the more or less fraction of aleuron component at non-uniform electric field along milling of carrying out of equipotential plane mobile by grinding the goods particulate.
53. the method according to claim 52 is characterized in that, the injection thing that grinds the goods particulate separates with certain orbital motion and through non-uniform electric field by the laminar flow carrying object along the equipotential plane of electric field.
54. according to any described method in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, owing to make static on the stone roller goods particulate band each other and/or in the friction on the container, and crosscut electric field motion, cause milling and spray thing and be divided into and comprise the more or less fraction of aleuron component because of grinding the different electrical properties of goods particulate.
55. the method according to claim 54 is characterized in that, the laminar flow carrying object that the injection thing that grinds the goods particulate is crossed electric field by cross-current with certain orbital motion through electric field separates.
56., it is characterized in that separation is by according to the comprehensive realization of the separating step of claim 49-55 according to any described method in the aforesaid claim.
57., it is characterized in that the stone roller product fraction of extraction can be used the special biochemical substances of branches at different levels is further handled according to any described method in the aforesaid claim.
58. method according to claim 57, it is characterized in that, biochemical substances is the enzyme below a kind of at least in water-bearing media, 1,4 beta-glucanase, cellulase, zytase and arabinose enzyme, the enzyme in the water-bearing media with grind product fraction and be mixed into aqueous mixture.
59. the method according to claim 57 is characterized in that, biochemical substances has the enzyme below a kind of, endoxylanase, beta-xylanase, arabinofuranosidase, acetylesterase, wooden acetylesterase and asafoetide acyl esterase at least in water-bearing media.
60. according to any described method of claim 1-59, it is characterized in that, the aleuron component of peeling off and separating be used for food, feed or food supplement or feed addictive as filler.
61. the purposes according to claim 60 is characterized in that, food supplement or feed addictive are the compressed product of adhesive harmless in aleuron component and the nutritional physiology.
62. the purposes according to claim 60 is characterized in that, described filler or food supplement or feed addictive are beverages.
63. the purposes according to claim 60 is characterized in that, described filler or or food supplement or feed addictive be powder.
64. the purposes according to claim 60 is characterized in that, described filler or food are amyloid goods.
65. the purposes according to claim 60 is characterized in that, described food is dairy produce.
66. by special microfiltration and/or special centrifugal process, the purposes of the aleuron group categories that constitutes by the aleuron plasm of extraction.
67. what contain any aleuron component of peeling off and separating of with good grounds claim 1-59 contains the aleuron product.
68. the product according to claim 67 is characterized in that, it is pulverous concentrate.
69. the product according to claim 67 is characterized in that, it is the aleuron slurry that concentrates.
70. functional food it comprise at least a according to any aleuron content that obtains of claim 1-59.
71. the functional food according to claim 70 is characterized in that, contains the aleurone cells through the abundant hydrolysis of enzymatic catalysis.
72. the functional food according to claim 70-71 is characterized in that, contains the aleurone cells through the enzymatic catalysis partial hydrolysis.
73. the functional food according to claim 70-72 is characterized in that, contains undamaged aleurone cells.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10041156A DE10041156A1 (en) | 2000-08-21 | 2000-08-21 | Working up bran, especially wheat bran, to products used as additives in food, animal feed or supplements involves recovering aleurone cells by separating aleurone and non-aleurone constituents and further separation |
| DE10041156.8 | 2000-08-21 | ||
| DE10042188A DE10042188A1 (en) | 2000-08-28 | 2000-08-28 | Working up bran, especially wheat bran, to products used as additives in food, animal feed or supplements involves recovering aleurone cells by separating aleurone and non-aleurone constituents and further separation |
| DE10042188.1 | 2000-08-28 |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB018143792A Division CN100531594C (en) | 2000-08-21 | 2001-08-20 | Method for extraction of aleurome from bran |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101589779A true CN101589779A (en) | 2009-12-02 |
| CN101589779B CN101589779B (en) | 2013-10-02 |
Family
ID=7653369
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009101513776A Expired - Lifetime CN101589779B (en) | 2000-08-21 | 2001-08-20 | Method for the extraction of aleurone from bran |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101589779B (en) |
| DE (1) | DE10041156A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103876024A (en) * | 2014-02-26 | 2014-06-25 | 王定文 | Wheat flour containing wheat aleurone layer and preparation method of wheat flour |
| CN103932177A (en) * | 2014-04-02 | 2014-07-23 | 上海交通大学 | Wheat aleuron brewed food applicable to patients with metabolic syndrome and preparation method thereof |
| CN105053804A (en) * | 2015-08-13 | 2015-11-18 | 山东知食坊食品科技有限公司 | Wheat aleurone layer content extracted by pure physical dry method as well as production technology and production line of wheat aleurone layer content |
| CN105639423A (en) * | 2016-01-08 | 2016-06-08 | 广东省食品工业研究所 | Oatmeal and preparation method of oatmeal |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10157626A1 (en) * | 2001-11-26 | 2003-06-05 | Buehler Ag | Dosage forms of Aleuron |
| CN110743704B (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2021-09-10 | 江苏大学 | Electric field separation method for cell clusters of wheat bran structural layer |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3585254D1 (en) * | 1984-04-02 | 1992-03-05 | Univ Trobe | PRODUCTION OF ALEURON CELLS FROM CEREAL WHEAT. |
| CN2041490U (en) * | 1988-09-13 | 1989-07-26 | 王兆臣 | Electrostatic separating machine for kernel and peel |
| JPH09313955A (en) * | 1996-05-31 | 1997-12-09 | Satake Eng Co Ltd | Milling pretreatment method |
-
2000
- 2000-08-21 DE DE10041156A patent/DE10041156A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2001
- 2001-08-20 CN CN2009101513776A patent/CN101589779B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103876024A (en) * | 2014-02-26 | 2014-06-25 | 王定文 | Wheat flour containing wheat aleurone layer and preparation method of wheat flour |
| CN103932177A (en) * | 2014-04-02 | 2014-07-23 | 上海交通大学 | Wheat aleuron brewed food applicable to patients with metabolic syndrome and preparation method thereof |
| CN103932177B (en) * | 2014-04-02 | 2015-08-26 | 上海交通大学 | Wheat aleurone reconstituted food being applicable to patients with metabolic syndrome and preparation method thereof |
| CN105053804A (en) * | 2015-08-13 | 2015-11-18 | 山东知食坊食品科技有限公司 | Wheat aleurone layer content extracted by pure physical dry method as well as production technology and production line of wheat aleurone layer content |
| CN105639423A (en) * | 2016-01-08 | 2016-06-08 | 广东省食品工业研究所 | Oatmeal and preparation method of oatmeal |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101589779B (en) | 2013-10-02 |
| DE10041156A1 (en) | 2002-03-07 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN100531594C (en) | Method for extraction of aleurome from bran | |
| CN103229933B (en) | Method for extracting content of wheat aleurone layer through pure physical dry process | |
| DE60211858T2 (en) | METHOD FOR THE FRACTIONATION OF CEREALS | |
| AU2008212739B2 (en) | Method for fractionating oat, products thus obtained, and use thereof | |
| CN102098926A (en) | Process for edible protein extraction from corn germ | |
| CN107846930A (en) | For reclaiming the improved method and system of albumen powder and the oil of natural ω 3 from animal tissue | |
| CN1974602B (en) | Production technology of extracting oat starch and oat protein powder from oat | |
| CN101589779B (en) | Method for the extraction of aleurone from bran | |
| CN106861820B (en) | A kind of stone mill production technology of wheat aleurone layer powder | |
| CN109622110A (en) | A kind of rice processing technique | |
| CN102396764A (en) | Preparation method for peanut and soybean instant protein powder | |
| CN105341593A (en) | Preparation method of golden pomelo fruit juice concentrated solution | |
| CN1091612A (en) | A kind of production method of peanut protein solid beverage | |
| RU2718862C1 (en) | Fish scale processing method for production of functional beverage, functional food additive and cosmetic scrub | |
| BRPI0900910A2 (en) | process and device for electrostatic enrichment of aleurone | |
| CN1158947C (en) | Full content instant walnut powder and its producing process | |
| CN114149912B (en) | System and method for continuously extracting tea seed oil | |
| CN1432292A (en) | Instant corn plumule powder and its prepn process | |
| RU2560593C1 (en) | Method for triticale flour protein and starch particles by pneumatic classification method | |
| RU2162741C1 (en) | Method for producing flour with increased content of food fibers from rye and wheat grain mixture | |
| JP4442803B2 (en) | Method for producing flour containing nutritional components contained in pearl barley | |
| DK202100995A1 (en) | A method for providing an amorphous hmo product by drying | |
| WO2023066907A1 (en) | A method for providing an amorphous hmo product by drying | |
| CN1446483A (en) | Technique for processing medlar fine powder | |
| CN117247889A (en) | Cereal bran aleurone layer cell and protoplast and preparation method thereof |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CX01 | Expiry of patent term |
Granted publication date: 20131002 |
|
| CX01 | Expiry of patent term |