CN114149912B - System and method for continuously extracting tea seed oil - Google Patents
System and method for continuously extracting tea seed oil Download PDFInfo
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- CN114149912B CN114149912B CN202111609816.0A CN202111609816A CN114149912B CN 114149912 B CN114149912 B CN 114149912B CN 202111609816 A CN202111609816 A CN 202111609816A CN 114149912 B CN114149912 B CN 114149912B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
- C12M21/18—Apparatus specially designed for the use of free, immobilized or carrier-bound enzymes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
- C11B1/02—Pretreatment
- C11B1/04—Pretreatment of vegetable raw material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/001—Refining fats or fatty oils by a combination of two or more of the means hereafter
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
- C12M23/58—Reaction vessels connected in series or in parallel
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- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M27/00—Means for mixing, agitating or circulating fluids in the vessel
- C12M27/02—Stirrer or mobile mixing elements
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M33/00—Means for introduction, transport, positioning, extraction, harvesting, peeling or sampling of biological material in or from the apparatus
- C12M33/10—Means for introduction, transport, positioning, extraction, harvesting, peeling or sampling of biological material in or from the apparatus by centrifugation ; Cyclones
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M33/00—Means for introduction, transport, positioning, extraction, harvesting, peeling or sampling of biological material in or from the apparatus
- C12M33/14—Means for introduction, transport, positioning, extraction, harvesting, peeling or sampling of biological material in or from the apparatus with filters, sieves or membranes
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
- C12M41/12—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of temperature
- C12M41/18—Heat exchange systems, e.g. heat jackets or outer envelopes
- C12M41/22—Heat exchange systems, e.g. heat jackets or outer envelopes in contact with the bioreactor walls
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
- C12M41/30—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of concentration
- C12M41/36—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of concentration of biomass, e.g. colony counters or by turbidity measurements
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- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
- C12M41/42—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of agitation speed
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M45/00—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances
- C12M45/02—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances by mechanical forces; Stirring; Trituration; Comminuting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M47/00—Means for after-treatment of the produced biomass or of the fermentation or metabolic products, e.g. storage of biomass
- C12M47/10—Separation or concentration of fermentation products
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M47/00—Means for after-treatment of the produced biomass or of the fermentation or metabolic products, e.g. storage of biomass
- C12M47/14—Drying
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/74—Recovery of fats, fatty oils, fatty acids or other fatty substances, e.g. lanolin or waxes
Abstract
The invention relates to a system for continuously extracting tea seed oil, which comprises a husker, wherein the husker is used for husking tea seeds; the crusher is connected with the sheller and is used for crushing shelled camellia seeds; the storage tank is connected with the crusher and is used for storing crushed camellia seeds; the meter is connected with the storage tank and is used for weighing crushed camellia seeds; the enzymolysis device is used for carrying out enzymolysis on the oil tea seeds after weighing, and comprises at least two enzymolysis tanks which are used alternately; the centrifugal machine is connected with the enzymolysis device and is used for separating oil from water of the mixture after enzymolysis; the enzymolysis device comprises at least two enzymolysis tanks which can be used alternately, thereby ensuring the continuity of the enzymolysis process and ensuring that the tea seed oil prepared by the aqueous enzymatic method has higher production efficiency. The invention also provides a method for continuously extracting the tea seed oil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of deep processing of agricultural and sideline products, and particularly relates to a system and a method for continuously extracting tea seed oil.
Background
The camellia seed is mature seed of tea tree of Camellia of Theaceae. The prepared tea seed oil has antioxidant capacity, and can reduce blood pressure, blood lipid and arteriosclerosis. The tea oil contains no erucic acid and cholesterol. Tested: the unsaturated fatty acid in the tea oil is more than 90%, the oleic acid is 80-83%, the linoleic acid is 7-13%, and especially the rich linolenic acid contained in the tea oil is necessary for human body and cannot be synthesized. The nutritional value of the tea seed oil can be comparable with or even higher than that of olive oil, and the tea seed oil is high-grade edible oil.
The tea saponin is composed of sugar body (hydrophilic group), sapogenin and organic acid (hydrophobic group), is white or light yellow amorphous powder, is a natural surfactant, has the functions of emulsification, decontamination, foaming, solubilization and wetting, and has the biological activities of killing mites, bacteria, insects and the like. Therefore, the tea saponin is widely applied to the fields of daily chemical industry, pesticides, medicines, foods and the like.
Traditional tea seed oil preparation methods comprise a squeezing method and a solvent leaching method. The crude tea seed oil prepared by the squeezing method has deep and turbid color and luster, and residual oil in the oil cake after oil pressing is higher; solvent leaching requires a desolventizing process, processing costs are high, and solvent residues are a concern for many consumers. Meanwhile, the two methods need complicated post-treatment refining processes, and have the advantages of large required equipment, high energy consumption and difficulty in obtaining high-quality products. The equipment for preparing the grease by the aqueous enzymatic method is simple, safe in operation, low in energy consumption and high in efficiency; the obtained crude oil has high quality and light color; the treatment condition is mild, and detoxified protein products can be produced; the BOD value and the COD value in the wastewater are greatly reduced, the pollution is less, and the wastewater is easy to treat. However, the technology for preparing tea seed oil by using the aqueous enzymatic method is still immature, and mainly shows the aspects of low production efficiency, low extraction efficiency of tea seed oil and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a system for continuously extracting tea seed oil, which solves the technical problems of low production efficiency and low extraction efficiency of tea seed oil by an aqueous enzymatic method in the prior art; in addition, the invention also provides a method for continuously extracting the tea seed oil.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the system for continuously extracting tea seed oil of the invention is as follows:
a system for continuously extracting tea seed oil comprising:
the husking device is used for husking the camellia seeds;
a pulverizer: the oil tea seeds are connected with the sheller and used for crushing the shelled oil tea seeds;
storage tank: the oil tea seeds are connected with the crusher and used for storing crushed oil tea seeds;
a meter: the crushed camellia seeds are measured and weighed relative to the storage tank;
enzymolysis device: the oil tea seeds are subjected to enzymolysis after being measured and weighed, and the enzymolysis device comprises at least two enzymolysis tanks which are used alternately;
centrifuge: and the device is connected with the enzymolysis device and is used for carrying out oil-water separation on the mixture after enzymolysis.
The beneficial effects are that: the system for continuously extracting the tea seed oil is provided with the enzymolysis device, the enzymolysis device comprises at least two enzymolysis tanks, and the enzymolysis tanks can be used alternately, so that the continuity of the enzymolysis process is ensured, and the tea seed oil prepared by a water-enzyme method has higher production efficiency.
Further, the enzymolysis device comprises a fixed disc and a rotating disc which is arranged above the fixed disc in a relative rotation manner, a containing cavity is formed in the fixed disc, an annular groove communicated with the containing cavity is formed in the upper surface of the fixed disc, and an outlet communicated with the containing cavity is formed in the lower portion of the fixed disc; the upper surface of the rotating disc is provided with a groove for placing the enzymolysis tank, the rotating disc is provided with a channel corresponding to the enzymolysis tank, the upper end of the channel is connected with the outlet of the enzymolysis tank, and the lower end of the channel is communicated with the annular groove; the enzymolysis device comprises a driving device, and the driving device is in transmission connection with the rotating disc through a transmission assembly.
The beneficial effects are that: the rotation of the rotating disc relative to the fixed disc can be realized through the arrangement of the driving device and the transmission assembly, the rotating disc comprises a groove for placing the enzymolysis tank, and the rotation of the rotating disc relative to the fixed disc is realized, so that the opening of the enzymolysis tank corresponds to the outlet of the metering device, and the crushed tea seed kernels of the enzymolysis tank in the accommodating metering device can be replaced conveniently.
Further, the through hole that runs through from top to bottom has been seted up at the fixed disk middle part, and drive assembly includes the transmission shaft of wearing to establish in the through hole and rotating disk relatively fixed, and the lower part of transmission shaft is fixed with first drive gear, be provided with second drive gear on drive arrangement's the output shaft, first drive gear and second drive gear meshing transmission.
The beneficial effects are that: the transmission component is simple in structure.
Further, the upper surface of fixed disk has seted up the first annular groove of opening upwards, the lower surface of rolling disk has seted up the second annular groove of opening downwards, and first annular groove corresponds from top to bottom with the second annular groove and sets up and form annular track, is provided with the ball in the annular track.
The beneficial effects are that: the friction between the rotating disc and the fixed disc is reduced, and the rotating disc can conveniently rotate relative to the fixed disc.
Further, the first locating hole that link up from top to bottom has been seted up to the rolling disc, and first locating hole corresponds the setting with the enzymolysis tank, the second locating hole has been seted up on the fixed disk, still includes the setting element, and the setting element passes first locating hole and second locating hole in order to realize the location of rolling disc.
The beneficial effects are that: the rotating disc can be fixed at a certain position relative to the fixed disc through the positioning piece, the first positioning hole and the second positioning hole.
The inside of enzymolysis tank is provided with the inner tank, forms accommodation space between the inner wall of enzymolysis tank and the outer wall of inner tank, is provided with heating resistor in the accommodation space.
The beneficial effects are that: the enzymolysis tank is conveniently heated through a heating resistor.
Further, enzymolysis tank includes rabbling mechanism, and rabbling mechanism includes driving motor and the (mixing) shaft of being connected with driving motor transmission, and the (mixing) shaft extends along upper and lower direction setting and stretches into in the inner tank, is provided with the stirring vane of spiral setting on the (mixing) shaft.
The beneficial effects are that: can conveniently realize stirring the tea-oil camellia seed after smashing the enzymolysis tank inside through rabbling mechanism, promote the enzymolysis reaction in the enzymolysis tank.
Further, the top of the enzymolysis tank is provided with a first accommodating cylinder for accommodating enzyme, a second accommodating cylinder for accommodating water and a third accommodating cylinder for accommodating alkaline solution, and the top of the enzymolysis tank is provided with an inlet.
The beneficial effects are that: enzyme and water are conveniently added into the enzymolysis tank, and the PH of the enzymolysis tank is adjusted.
The rotary vibrating screen is connected with the enzymolysis device, and the first plate frame filter is connected with the centrifuge.
The beneficial effects are that: and filtering the enzymolysis mixture before oil-water separation of the centrifugal machine, so as to avoid the influence of impurities in the enzymolysis tank on the oil-water separation.
A method for continuously extracting tea seed oil, comprising:
s1: husking; husking the cleaned camellia seeds by a husking device to form camellia seed kernels;
s2: crushing; crushing camellia seed kernels through a crusher, and storing the crushed camellia seed kernels in a storage tank;
s3: metering; the camellia seed kernels in the storage tank enter a meter, are precisely metered, and provide a basis for adding materials in the subsequent enzymolysis reaction;
s4, enzymolysis; conveying the weighed crushed camellia seed kernels with a certain mass into an enzymolysis tank, adding water into the enzymolysis tank, wherein the mass of the added water is 2-5 times that of the camellia seeds in the enzymolysis tank, adjusting the temperature of the mixture to 40-50 ℃, and adjusting the pH value in the enzymolysis tank to 7-9; adding mixed enzyme with the mass of 1% of that of the crushed camellia seeds, stirring at a low speed, reacting for 3-4 hours, heating to 70-90 ℃ and inactivating enzyme to obtain an enzymolysis mixture;
s5: primarily separating; pumping the mixture subjected to complete enzymolysis to a rotary vibrating screen for primary separation, and separating the material into camellia seed residue and oil-water mixed liquid;
s6: centrifugal separation; transferring the filtered tea seed oil into a clarifying oil tank for primary oil-water separation, heating the obtained supernatant to 90 ℃ through a heat exchanger, pumping into a centrifuge for oil-water separation, further reducing the water content and impurity content in the tea seed oil, and separating out the enzymolysis liquid containing tea saponin;
s7: fine filtering; the oil tea seed oil after centrifugal separation is finely filtered by a plate-frame filter;
s8: drying; heating the finely filtered tea seed oil to 95-115 ℃ by a plate heat exchanger, and pumping the tea seed oil into a continuous vacuum dryer, wherein the vacuum degree in the dryer is-85 KPa to-95 KPa, so as to obtain the finished tea seed oil.
Compared with the traditional oil preparation process and the conventional intermittent enzyme method oil preparation process, the method for continuously extracting the tea seed oil has the advantages of simple process, continuous production, high oil yield, no pollutant emission and suitability for large-scale industrial production. The method has remarkable advantages in the aspects of energy, environmental protection, safety, sanitation, comprehensive utilization of oil materials and the like. Reduces equipment investment and environmental pollution, and improves the operation safety and economy of the process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for continuously extracting tea seed oil according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an enzymolysis device of the system for continuously extracting tea seed oil in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an enzymolysis tank in the enzymolysis apparatus of FIG. 2.
Reference numerals: 1-a scraper conveyor; 2-a magnetic separator; 3-a shucker; 4-a pulverizer; a 5-storage tank; 6-a gauge; 7-an enzymolysis device; 8-rotary vibrating screen; 9-a first plate and frame filter; 10-butterfly centrifuges; 11-a second plate and frame filter; 12-a vacuum dryer; 13-a fixed disk; 14-rotating a disc; 15-a receiving cavity; 16-an annular groove; 17-a transmission shaft; 18-a first transmission gear; 19-a second transmission gear; 20-a servo motor; 21-balls; 22-outlet; 23-a first positioning hole; 24-a second positioning hole; 25-channel; 26-an enzymolysis tank; 27-inlet; 28-a second containment drum; 29-a first containment drum; 30-a third containment drum; 31-a drive motor; 32-a stirring shaft; 33-stirring blades; 34-heating resistance.
Detailed Description
The system and the method for continuously extracting tea seed oil according to the invention are described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description:
as shown in fig. 1, the system for continuously extracting tea seed oil comprises a scraper conveyor 1, wherein one end of the scraper conveyor 1 is arranged at a bin outlet, tea seeds discharged from the bin outlet are transported through the scraper conveyor 1, the other end of the scraper conveyor 1 is arranged at a feed inlet of a magnetic separator 2, and the tea seeds transported through the scraper conveyor 1 enter the magnetic separator 2 for magnetic separation and screening; the discharge port of the magnetic separator 2 is connected with the feed port of the sheller 3 through conveying equipment, so that the camellia seeds screened by the magnetic separator 2 enter the sheller 3 to be shelled to form camellia seed kernels, and the shelled camellia seed meal is collected through a collecting box, wherein the conveying equipment comprises a conveying pipe and a conveying pump connected with the conveying pipe; the discharge port of the decorticator 3 is connected with a pulverizer 4 through a conveying device, and in this embodiment, the pulverizer 4 is a hammer mill. The pulverizer 4 is used for pulverizing the camellia seed kernel, and the smaller the pulverizing granularity is, the more favorable for enzymolysis oil extraction, in this embodiment, the pulverizer 4 pulverizes the camellia seed kernel into particles with the size of 20-60 meshes.
The discharge gate department of rubbing crusher 4 is provided with the lifting machine to promote the tea-oil camellia seed benevolence after smashing, the discharge gate department of lifting machine is provided with storage jar 5, and storage jar 5 is used for storing the tea-oil camellia seed benevolence after smashing. The discharge gate department of storage jar 5 is connected with counter 6 through conveying equipment, and the conveying equipment of here is the conveyer pipe and with the pump body of conveyer pipe connection, and counter 6 is used for weighing the oil tea seed benevolence after smashing in the storage jar 5, through the accurate measurement of counter 6, adds the material and provides the basis for follow-up enzymolysis reaction.
The discharge gate department of counter 6 is provided with scraper conveyor, scraper conveyor's one end sets up the discharge gate department at counter 66, scraper conveyor's the other end is provided with the lifting machine, the lifting machine is used for promoting the tea-oil camellia seed benevolence after the measurement, lifting machine's discharge gate department is provided with enzymolysis device 7, enzymolysis device 7 includes two at least enzymolysis tank 26, the tea-oil camellia seed benevolence that promotes through the lifting machine will get into in the enzymolysis tank 26, carry out enzymolysis according to the material of adding the tea-oil camellia seed certain proportion in the enzymolysis tank 26, in this embodiment, enzymolysis tank 26 is provided with four, four enzymolysis tank 26 use in turn, the continuity of enzymolysis reaction has been realized, finally obtain the enzymolysis mixture in the enzymolysis tank 26 of enzymolysis device 7.
The discharge gate of enzymolysis device 7 is connected with soon shakes and sieves 8 through conveying equipment, and conveying equipment includes conveyer pipe and the delivery pump of being connected with the conveyer pipe, conveniently carries out primary separation with the enzymolysis mixture pump in the enzymolysis device 7 to soon shakes and sieves 8, and primary separation separates into tea seed sediment and profit mixed liquor with the material. The discharge port of the rotary vibrating screen 8 is connected with a first plate-and-frame filter 9 through conveying equipment, and the first plate-and-frame filter 9 is used for filtering a small amount of residues in the oil-water mixed liquid.
The discharge gate of first frame filter is connected with the clarifying tank (not shown in the figure) through conveying equipment, carries out primary oil-water separation in the clarifying tank, obtains tea seed oil supernatant (i.e. tea seed oil) and oily water mixed liquor, and the discharge gate of clarifying tank is connected through conveying equipment with butterfly centrifuge 10, and the conveying equipment of here includes conveyer pipe and the delivery pump of being connected with the conveyer pipe, and the oily water mixed liquor of clarifying tank remainder is pumped to butterfly centrifuge 10 and carries out oil-water separation to further reduce moisture and impurity content in the tea seed oil. Separating to obtain enzymolysis liquid and tea seed oil; wherein the enzymolysis liquid contains abundant tea saponin, and can be used as raw material of washing and caring products for further processing.
The discharge gate and the second plate and frame filter 11 of butterfly centrifuge 10 are connected through conveying equipment, and second plate and frame filter 11 is used for carrying out the smart filtration with the tea-seed oil after the centrifugal separation to further reduce the impurity content in the tea-seed oil. The material conveying port of the second plate frame filter 11 is connected with the plate heat exchanger through conveying equipment, and tea seed oil is heated in the plate heat exchanger; the discharge port of the plate heat exchanger is connected with the vacuum dryer 12 through conveying equipment, the heated tea seed oil is dried in the vacuum dryer 12, the moisture in the tea seed oil is reduced below national standard, and the vacuum degree in the vacuum dryer 12 is between-85 KPa and-95 KPa.
As shown in fig. 2, the enzymolysis device 7 includes a fixed disc 13 and a rotating disc 14 which is relatively rotatably disposed on the fixed disc 13, a containing cavity 15 is disposed in the fixed disc 13, an annular groove 16 which is communicated with the containing cavity 15 is formed in the upper surface of the fixed disc 13, in this embodiment, the containing cavity 15 is an annular cavity, a through hole which penetrates up and down is formed in the middle of the fixed disc 13, and an outlet 22 which is communicated with the containing cavity 15 is formed in the lower portion of the fixed disc 13.
The upper surface of the rotating disc 14 is provided with four grooves for placing the enzymolysis tanks 26, in this embodiment, the enzymolysis tanks 26 are correspondingly provided with four grooves, and the four grooves are uniformly distributed on the upper surface of the rotating disc 14 along the circumferential direction. The rotating disc 14 is provided with a channel 25 corresponding to the enzymolysis tank 26, that is, each enzymolysis tank 26 is provided with a channel 25, the upper end of the channel 25 is in sealing connection with the outlet of the enzymolysis tank 26, the lower end of the channel 25 is communicated with the opening of the annular groove 16, and in order to prevent the enzymolysis mixture flowing out of the channel 25 from entering the gap between the rotating disc 14 and the fixed disc 13, in this embodiment, the notch of the annular groove 16 is provided with an inner annular sealing ring and an outer annular sealing ring, wherein the inner annular sealing ring is arranged on the inner side of the annular notch of the fixed disc 13, and the outer annular sealing ring is arranged on the outer side of the annular notch of the fixed disc 13, so that when the rotating disc 14 rotates relative to the fixed disc 13, the rotating disc 14 and the fixed disc 13 keep sliding sealing fit at the annular notch.
The enzymolysis device 7 comprises a driving device, which is in transmission connection with the rotating disc 14 through a transmission assembly, in this embodiment a servo motor 20. The transmission assembly comprises a transmission shaft 17 penetrating through the through hole of the fixed disc 13, the transmission shaft 17 extends in the up-down direction, and a gap is arranged between the transmission shaft 17 and the through hole, so that the fixed disc 13 is kept fixed when the driving device drives the transmission shaft 17 to rotate. The drive shaft 17 is fixed relative to the rotatable disk 14 so that the rotatable disk 14 can be driven to rotate when the drive shaft 17 rotates. A first transmission gear 18 is fixed at the lower part of the transmission shaft 17, a second transmission gear 19 is arranged on the output shaft of the servo motor 20, and the first transmission gear 18 and the second transmission gear 19 are meshed for transmission.
In order to reduce the friction between the rotating disc 14 and the fixed disc 13, in this embodiment, a first annular groove with an upward opening is formed on the upper surface of the fixed disc 13, a second annular groove with a downward opening is formed on the lower surface of the rotating disc 14, the first annular groove and the second annular groove are vertically and correspondingly arranged to form an annular track, and balls 21 are arranged in the annular track.
In order to facilitate positioning of the rotating disc 14 relative to the fixed disc 13, the rotating disc 14 is provided with first positioning holes 23 which are vertically penetrated, in this embodiment, the first positioning holes 23 are four, the first positioning holes 23 are correspondingly arranged with the enzymolysis tank 26, the fixed disc 13 is provided with second positioning holes 24, and the second positioning holes 24 are provided with one positioning piece, and in this embodiment, the positioning piece is a positioning pin, and the positioning pin passes through the first positioning holes 23 and the second positioning holes 24 to position the rotating disc 14 relative to the fixed disc 13.
In this embodiment, the servo motor 20 as the driving device is connected with the controller, the controller controls the rotation number of turns of the servo motor 20, so as to control the rotation angle of the rotating disc 14, so that the enzymolysis tank 26 of the enzymolysis device 7 can just align with the discharge port of the elevator, thereby facilitating the elevator to convey the camellia seed kernels into the enzymolysis tank 26, at this time, the first positioning hole 23 corresponding to the enzymolysis tank 26 aligns with the second positioning hole 24, and the positioning pin conveniently passes through the first positioning hole 23 and the second positioning hole 24 to realize the positioning of the rotating disc 14 relative to the fixed disc 13. After one of the enzymolysis tanks 26 contains a certain amount of camellia seed kernels, the locating pin is removed, and the controller controls the servo motor 20 to work, so that the rotating disc 14 rotates by a certain angle, and the other enzymolysis tank 26 is positioned below a discharge hole of the elevator.
After the enzymolysis in the enzymolysis tank 26 is completed, the enzymolysis mixture in the enzymolysis tank 26 will enter the accommodating cavity 15 of the fixed disk 13 through the discharge port of the enzymolysis tank 26 via the channel 25 of the rotating disk 14, and in this embodiment, the accommodating cavity 15 of the fixed disk 13 is larger than the volume of the enzymolysis tank 26. So that the enzymolysis mixture is discharged out of the enzymolysis device 7 through the discharge port of the accommodating cavity 15.
For facilitating control of enzymolysis conditions in the enzymolysis tank 26, in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, an inner tank is disposed inside the enzymolysis tank 26, an accommodating space is formed between an inner wall of the enzymolysis tank 26 and an outer wall of the inner tank, a heating resistor 34 is disposed in the accommodating space, and the inner tank of the enzymolysis tank 26 is heated by the heating resistor 34 to ensure that enzymolysis reaction in the inner tank is at a proper temperature, a temperature sensor (not shown in the figure) is disposed in the inner tank, and the temperature sensor is in control connection with a controller, and the heating resistor 34 is in control connection with the controller, thereby facilitating adjustment of the temperature in the enzymolysis tank 26.
Enzymolysis tank 26 includes rabbling mechanism, and rabbling mechanism includes driving motor 31 and the (mixing) shaft 32 of being connected with driving motor 31 transmission, and (mixing) shaft 32 extends along the upper and lower direction and sets up and stretch into the inner tank, is provided with the stirring vane 33 that the spiral set up on the (mixing) shaft 32, can carry out intensive mixing to the tea-oil camellia seed benevolence in the inner tank of enzymolysis tank 26 with adding the material through rabbling mechanism to make enzymolysis reaction more thoroughly fast.
In order to facilitate adding reaction materials into the enzymolysis tank 26, in this embodiment, a first accommodating cylinder 29 is arranged at the top of the enzymolysis tank 26, a first valve is arranged between the first accommodating cylinder 29 and the enzymolysis tank 26, and in this embodiment, the reaction enzymes comprise mixed enzymes formed by cellulase, pectase, amylase, protease and the like, and the mixed enzymes act on oil materials, so that the oil is easy to release from oil materials and solids, and the difference of affinities of non-oil components (proteins and carbohydrates) to oil and water is utilized, and meanwhile, the oil and the non-oil components are separated by utilizing the difference of specific gravities of oil and water. The top of the enzymolysis tank 26 is provided with a second accommodating cylinder 28, water is contained in the second accommodating cylinder 28, and a second valve is arranged between the second accommodating cylinder 28 and the enzymolysis tank 26; the top of enzymolysis tank 26 is provided with third and holds section of thick bamboo 30, holds the alkaline solution in the third and holds section of thick bamboo 30 to through adding alkaline solution to enzymolysis tank 26 and adjusting the PH value in the enzymolysis tank 26, be provided with the third valve between third and the enzymolysis tank 26. An inlet 27 is formed in the top of the enzymolysis tank 26, so that crushed camellia seed kernels conveniently enter the enzymolysis tank 26 through the inlet 27.
A method for continuously extracting tea seed oil, comprising the following steps:
s1: husking; husking the cleaned camellia seeds by a husking device 3 to form camellia seed kernels, wherein the husking content of the camellia seed kernels is less than or equal to 5%, and the camellia seed kernels are obtained;
the method comprises the steps that firstly, oil tea seeds are cleaned before husking, the oil tea seeds firstly need to be dried, the dried oil tea seeds enter workshop conveying equipment, in the embodiment, the workshop conveying equipment is a scraper conveyor 1, the oil tea seeds are conveyed to a magnetic separator 2 through the scraper conveyor 1, screening and cleaning are carried out on the oil tea seeds in the magnetic separator 2, and then the cleaned oil tea seeds are conveyed to a husker 3 through conveying equipment between the magnetic separator 2 and the husker 3 for husking;
s2: crushing; crushing camellia seed kernels through a crusher 4, storing the crushed camellia seed kernels in a storage tank 5, wherein the smaller the crushing granularity is, the more favorable for enzymolysis oil extraction, and crushing the camellia seed kernels into particles with the size of 20-60 meshes in order to be favorable for large-scale industrial continuous production;
s3: metering; the camellia seed kernels in the storage tank 5 enter a metering device 6, are precisely metered, and provide a basis for adding materials in the subsequent enzymolysis reaction;
s4, enzymolysis; conveying the weighed crushed camellia seed kernels with a certain mass into an enzymolysis tank 26, adding water into the enzymolysis tank 26, wherein the mass of the added water is 2-5 times of the weight of the camellia seed kernels in the enzymolysis tank 26, adjusting the temperature of the mixture to 40-50 ℃, and adjusting the pH value in the enzymolysis tank 26 to 7-9; adding mixed enzyme with the mass of 1% of that of the crushed camellia seeds, stirring at a low speed, reacting for 3-4 hours, heating to 70-90 ℃ and inactivating enzyme to obtain an enzymolysis mixture;
s5: primarily separating; pumping the mixture subjected to complete enzymolysis to a rotary vibrating screen 8 for primary separation, and separating the material into camellia seed residue and oil-water mixed liquid;
filtering the oil-water mixed solution subjected to primary separation by a rotary vibration sieve 8 through a first plate-frame filter 9, and filtering out a small amount of residues in the oil-water mixed solution;
s6: centrifugal separation; the filtered tea seed oil contains a large amount of enzymolysis liquid, the filtered tea seed oil is transferred into a clarifying oil tank for primary oil-water separation, the obtained supernatant is heated to 90 ℃ by a heat exchanger, and the rest oil-water mixture is pumped into a centrifuge for oil-water separation, so that the water content and impurity content in the tea seed oil are further reduced, and the separated enzymolysis liquid contains tea saponin which can be used as a raw material of washing and protecting products for further processing;
s7: fine filtering; the centrifugally separated camellia seed oil is subjected to fine filtration by a second plate-frame filter 11, so that impurities in the camellia seed oil are further reduced;
s8: drying; heating the finely filtered tea seed oil to 95-115 ℃ by a plate heat exchanger, pumping the tea seed oil into a continuous vacuum dryer 12, reducing the water content in the oil below national standard under the vacuum degree of-85 KPa to-95 KPa in the dryer, cooling the dried tea seed oil to 40-60 ℃ by the plate heat exchanger, and then entering a bag filter for polishing and filtering to obtain the finished tea seed oil.
Compared with the traditional oil preparation process and the conventional intermittent enzyme method oil preparation process, the method for continuously extracting the tea seed oil has the advantages of simple process, continuous production, high oil yield, no pollutant emission and suitability for large-scale industrial production. The method has remarkable advantages in the aspects of energy, environmental protection, safety, sanitation, comprehensive utilization of oil materials and the like. Reduces equipment investment and environmental pollution, and improves the operation safety and economy of the process.
In the above embodiment, a groove for placing the enzymolysis tank is formed in the upper surface of the rotating disc; in other embodiments, the upper surface of the rotating disc may not be provided with a groove.
In the above embodiment, the upper surface of the fixed disc is provided with a first annular groove with an upward opening, the lower surface of the rotating disc is provided with a second annular groove with a downward opening, the first annular groove and the second annular groove are correspondingly arranged up and down to form an annular track, and the annular track is provided with balls; in other embodiments, the first annular groove and the second annular groove may not be provided.
In the above embodiment, the rotating disc is provided with a first positioning hole penetrating up and down, the first positioning hole is correspondingly arranged with the enzymolysis tank, and the fixed disc is provided with a second positioning hole; in other embodiments, the first positioning hole and the second positioning hole may not be provided.
In the above embodiment, an inner tank is disposed inside the enzymolysis tank, an accommodating space is formed between an inner wall of the enzymolysis tank and an outer wall of the inner tank, and a heating resistor is disposed in the accommodating space; in other embodiments, the heating resistor is not required to be arranged, an outer insulation board is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the enzymolysis tank, a containing cavity is formed between the outer insulation board and the outer wall of the enzymolysis tank, the containing cavity is filled with aqueous solution, and a heating device for heating the aqueous solution is arranged in the containing cavity.
In the above embodiment, the top of the enzymolysis tank is provided with a first accommodating cylinder for accommodating enzyme, a second accommodating cylinder for accommodating water, and a third accommodating cylinder for accommodating alkaline solution, and the top of the enzymolysis tank is provided with a feed inlet; in other embodiments, the first accommodating cylinder, the second accommodating cylinder, and the third accommodating cylinder may not be provided, and at this time, the enzyme, water, and alkaline solution may be added to the enzymolysis tank from the feed inlet of the enzymolysis tank.
In the above embodiment, a rotary vibrating screen and a first plate-frame filter connected with the rotary vibrating screen are arranged between the enzymolysis device and the centrifuge, the rotary vibrating screen is connected with the enzymolysis device, and the first plate-frame filter is connected with the centrifuge; in other embodiments, the rotary vibrating screen and the first plate frame filter may not be provided.
Claims (9)
1. A system for continuously extracting tea seed oil, comprising:
the husking device is used for husking the camellia seeds;
a pulverizer: the oil tea seeds are connected with the sheller and used for crushing the shelled oil tea seeds;
storage tank: the oil tea seeds are connected with the crusher and used for storing crushed oil tea seeds;
a meter: the crushed camellia seeds are measured and weighed relative to the storage tank;
enzymolysis device: the oil tea seeds are subjected to enzymolysis after being measured and weighed, and the enzymolysis device comprises at least two enzymolysis tanks which are used alternately;
centrifuge: the device is connected with the enzymolysis device and is used for separating oil from water of the mixture after enzymolysis;
the enzymolysis device comprises a fixed disc and a rotating disc which is arranged above the fixed disc in a relative rotation manner, a containing cavity is formed in the fixed disc, an annular groove communicated with the containing cavity is formed in the upper surface of the fixed disc, and an outlet communicated with the containing cavity is formed in the lower portion of the fixed disc; the upper surface of the rotating disc is provided with a groove for placing the enzymolysis tank, the rotating disc is provided with a channel corresponding to the enzymolysis tank, the upper end of the channel is connected with the outlet of the enzymolysis tank, and the lower end of the channel is communicated with the annular groove; the enzymolysis device comprises a driving device, and the driving device is in transmission connection with the rotating disc through a transmission assembly.
2. The system for continuously extracting tea seed oil according to claim 1, wherein the middle part of the fixed disc is provided with a through hole penetrating up and down, the transmission assembly comprises a transmission shaft penetrating through the through hole and fixed relative to the rotating disc, a first transmission gear is fixed at the lower part of the transmission shaft, a second transmission gear is arranged on an output shaft of the driving device, and the first transmission gear is meshed with the second transmission gear for transmission.
3. The system for continuously extracting tea seed oil according to claim 2, wherein a first annular groove with an upward opening is formed in the upper surface of the fixed disc, a second annular groove with a downward opening is formed in the lower surface of the rotating disc, the first annular groove and the second annular groove are arranged up and down correspondingly to form an annular track, and balls are arranged in the annular track.
4. A system for continuously extracting tea seed oil according to claim 3, wherein the rotating disc is provided with a first positioning hole penetrating up and down, the first positioning hole is correspondingly arranged with the enzymolysis tank, the fixed disc is provided with a second positioning hole, and the system further comprises a positioning piece, and the positioning piece sequentially penetrates through the first positioning hole and the second positioning hole to position the rotating disc.
5. A system for continuously extracting tea seed oil according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein an inner tank is provided in the enzymolysis tank, a receiving space is formed between an inner wall of the enzymolysis tank and an outer wall of the inner tank, and a heating resistor is provided in the receiving space.
6. The system for continuously extracting tea seed oil according to claim 5, wherein the enzymolysis tank comprises a stirring mechanism, the stirring mechanism comprises a driving motor and a stirring shaft in transmission connection with the driving motor, the stirring shaft extends in the up-down direction and stretches into the inner tank, and stirring blades in spiral arrangement are arranged on the stirring shaft.
7. The system for continuously extracting tea seed oil according to claim 6, wherein a first containing cylinder for containing enzyme, a second containing cylinder for containing water and a third containing cylinder for containing alkaline solution are arranged at the top of the enzymolysis tank, and an inlet is formed at the top of the enzymolysis tank.
8. A system for continuously extracting tea seed oil according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a rotary vibrating screen and a first plate-and-frame filter connected with the rotary vibrating screen are arranged between the enzymolysis device and the centrifuge, the rotary vibrating screen is connected with the enzymolysis device, and the first plate-and-frame filter is connected with the centrifuge.
9. A method for extracting tea seed oil from a continuous tea seed oil extraction system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:
s1: husking; husking the cleaned camellia seeds by a husking device to form camellia seed kernels;
s2: crushing; crushing camellia seed kernels through a crusher, and storing the crushed camellia seed kernels in a storage tank;
s3: metering; the camellia seed kernels in the storage tank enter a meter, are precisely metered, and provide a basis for adding materials in the subsequent enzymolysis reaction;
s4, enzymolysis; conveying the weighed crushed camellia seed kernels with a certain mass into an enzymolysis tank, adding water into the enzymolysis tank, wherein the mass of the added water is 2-5 times that of the camellia seeds in the enzymolysis tank, adjusting the temperature of the mixture to 40-50 ℃, and adjusting the pH value in the enzymolysis tank to 7-9; adding mixed enzyme with the mass of 1% of that of the crushed camellia seeds, stirring at a low speed, reacting for 3-4 hours, heating to 70-90 ℃ and inactivating enzyme to obtain an enzymolysis mixture;
s5: primarily separating; pumping the mixture subjected to complete enzymolysis to a rotary vibrating screen for primary separation, and separating the material into camellia seed residue and oil-water mixed liquid;
s6: centrifugal separation; transferring the filtered tea seed oil into a clarifying oil tank for primary oil-water separation, heating the obtained supernatant to 90 ℃ through a heat exchanger, pumping into a centrifuge for oil-water separation, further reducing the water content and impurity content in the tea seed oil, and separating out the enzymolysis liquid containing tea saponin;
s7: fine filtering; the oil tea seed oil after centrifugal separation is finely filtered by a plate-frame filter;
s8: drying; heating the finely filtered tea seed oil to 95-115 ℃ by a plate heat exchanger, and pumping the tea seed oil into a continuous vacuum dryer, wherein the vacuum degree in the dryer is-85 KPa to-95 KPa, so as to obtain the finished tea seed oil.
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