CN103146469A - Method and device for extracting ricinus communis oil by using aqueous enzymatic method - Google Patents
Method and device for extracting ricinus communis oil by using aqueous enzymatic method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for extracting ricinus communis oil by using an aqueous enzymatic method. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) crushing and soaking; (2) carrying out enzyme reaction; and (3) carrying out filtration and centrifugal separation. The invention also relates to a device for extracting the ricinus communis oil by using the aqueous enzymatic method. The method and the device have the advantages that the process is simple and convenient, the equipment is simple, operating conditions are mild, the extracting temperature is low, organic solvents are not required for being utilized to assist extraction, fat and protein resources in ricinus communis seeds can be comprehensively utilized, and the oil yield and fat quality of the ricinus communis seeds are improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method and device that extracts Viscotrol C, especially relate to a kind of method and device of aqueous enzymatic extraction Viscotrol C.
Background technology
Castor-oil plant (
Ricinus communisL.) be the dicotyledonous annual or per nnial herb of Euphorbiaceae Ricinus, one of the world ten large oil crops, its seed grease main component is 12-hydroxyl octadecenic acid glyceryl ester, accounts for 90%, is the very high grease of occurring in nature hydroxyl valency, unique, have other greases characteristic can't be obtained: viscosity is high, and zero pour is low, and is not only cold-resistant but also high temperature resistant, being widely used in industry and the pharmaceutical industrieies such as chemical industry, light industry, metallurgy, electromechanics, weaving, printing, is also technical oils valuable in vegetables oil.In view of above characteristic, Viscotrol C is considered as that potentiality to be exploited is arranged very much, can replaces renewable " green (pollution free) petro " resource of oil by the relevant expert.
The existing industrial preparation technology of Viscotrol C is pre-press for extracting juice-lixiviation process, uses cold-press Extraction parts grease, then uses the residue grease in chemical solvents leaching residue.Pre-press for extracting juice-lixiviation process exists aborning that solvent is expensive, the volatile loss of solvent, the inflammable and explosive defective that causes environmental pollution and potential safety hazard of organic solvent, and this and current " resources conservation, environmental friendliness " theme of advocating are runed counter to.Simultaneously, leach in oil and have degradation problem under dissolvent residual, oil quality, be not suitable for as high added value stock oil, such as refining is processed as medical Viscotrol C.Pre-another drawback of presss for extracting juice-lixiviation process is after residue passes through the organic solvent lixiviate, substantially to completely lose utility value, and the complete sex change of protein in grouts can only as fertilizer sources after the high temperature precipitation, causes the waste of oilseed protein resource.
Aqueous enzymatic method is take machinery and enzymolysis as means degrading plant cell walls, makes grease release.In vegetable oil material, grease is present in the oil plant cell interior, and common and other macromole (protein and carbohydrate) combination, consists of the complex bodys such as lipoprotein, lipopolysaccharides.Only have cellularstructure and grease compounded body with the oil plant tissue to destroy, could extract intracellular grease.Employing has the enzyme (as proteolytic enzyme, cellulase, hemicellulase, polygalacturonase, amylase etc.) of Degradation to process oil plant to the oil plant tissue with to complex bodys such as lipoprotein, lipopolysaccharides, can reach the pretreated purpose of oil plant.On the basis of Mechanical Crushing, enzyme is to cyto-architectural further destruction, and enzyme can increase the mobility of oil in the oil plant tissue to the Decomposition of the complex bodys such as lipoprotein, lipopolysaccharides, thereby improves oil yield.In addition, carry in oily process at oil plant, part phosphatide is transferred in oil, with protein bound and be adsorbed on oil droplets and form stable milk sap, is unfavorable for the separation and Extraction of grease, and the effect of enzyme can reduce the stability of milk sap, improves the yield of oil.But also aqueous enzymatic method is not applied to extract the relevant report of Viscotrol C in prior art.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, overcomes the deficiencies in the prior art, provides a kind of technique simple and safe, and equipment is simple, easy to operate, oil extracting rate is high, and oil quality is good, the liquefaction cycle is short, and cost is low, and can fully utilize simultaneously method and the device of the aqueous enzymatic extraction Viscotrol C of protein.
The present invention's aqueous enzymatic extraction Viscotrol C operational path is as follows:
Seed → cleaning (removing kind of a skin) → fragmentation (defibrination) → enzymolysis → centrifugation → edible vegetable oil.
Specifically comprise the following steps:
(1) pulverize and soak: the castor-oil plant kernel that takes off kind of skin of shelling add pulverize in pulverizer after, send into steeping tank and add phosphoric acid buffer or acetate buffer solution, stir and soak;
The castor-oil plant kernel is not powdery after pulverizing, and has the part grease to ooze out, and is sticky shape, step 1) the middle preferred dry ground of castor-oil plant kernel breaking method used, can avoid the serious emulsification phenomenon;
The condition of soaking is: the feed liquid mass volume ratio is the preferred 1:4g/ml of 1:2-7g/ml(), the preferred 4h of soak time 1-6h(), temperature 20-50 ℃ (preferred 30 ℃);
(2) enzyme reaction: will send into enzyme reactor through the material of step (1) immersion treatment, the pH value of regulating the slurries after soaking is 5-8, add and be equivalent to the preferred 3-4% of raw material castor-oil plant kernel quality 0.5-5%() enzyme, stirred enzymolysis 2-8 hour with the rotating speed of 100-150r/min in 40-60 ℃ of water-bath;
Regulate acid solution preferably sulfuric acid solution or the hydrochloric acid soln of the pH value of the slurries after soaking, the preferred sodium hydroxide solution of alkali lye or edible alkali solution;
The enzyme that adds is the mixture (mass ratio of preferred neutral protease and polygalacturonase is 3-4 ︰ 1) of neutral protease or neutral protease and polygalacturonase or the mixture (mass ratio of preferred neutral protease and cellulase is 3-4 ︰ 1) of neutral protease and cellulase;
(3) filter, centrifugation: through the pressure filter pressure-filtering deslagging, then the filtrate after removing the gred (being enzymolysis solution) is sent from the scheming centrifugation with the compound after step (2) enzymolysis, centrifugal complete after, isolate upper strata edible vegetable oil and be Viscotrol C;
Filter Press pressure 3 * 10
5-5 * 10
5Pa, 5min is interior from 3 * 10
5Increase by 5 * 10
5, until eliminate residue;
Whizzer centrifugation rotating speed is: the preferred 5000r/min of 4000-6000r/min().
The present invention's aqueous enzymatic extraction Viscotrol C, raw material castor-oil plant kernel are to shell to take off the white kernel of kind of skin, remove kind of micromicro to reduce pigment and the foreign matter content of the edible vegetable oil that extracted, and the link such as simplify follow-up decolouring, come unstuck reduces costs; After pulverizing, the castor-oil plant kernel uses phosphoric acid buffer or acetate buffer solution to soak, and energy maceration fruit is beneficial to grease and oozes out; Can reduce the follow-up enzyme digestion reaction time, improve oil yield.
the device of the method for the present invention's enforcement aqueous enzymatic extraction Viscotrol C comprises pulverizer, steeping tank, middle vessel I, dehvery pump I, enzyme reactor, middle vessel II, dehvery pump II, pressure filter, middle vessel III, dehvery pump III, spinner-type flowmeter, whizzer, product storage tank, described pulverizer outlet is connected with the steeping tank import, the steeping tank outlet is connected with the import of middle vessel I, the outlet of middle vessel I is connected with the enzyme reactor upper inlet by the pipeline with the dehvery pump I, the enzyme reactor outlet at bottom is connected with the import of middle vessel II, the outlet of middle vessel II is connected with the pressure filter import by the pipeline with the dehvery pump II, the pressure filter outlet is connected with the import of middle vessel III, middle vessel III outlet at bottom passes through with the dehvery pump III, the pipeline of spinner-type flowmeter is connected with the import of whizzer, the bottom oil phase outlet of whizzer is connected with the import of product storage tank.
Described pulverizer can be a kind of in colloidal mill, grinding-wheel grinder, roller pulverizer or beater grinder;
Described steeping tank is equipped with agitator, temperature sensor and pH sensor, and described steeping tank is provided with chuck, and chuck is used for heating or cooling, and heat source is steam or thermal oil, the cooling water coolant of using;
Described enzyme reactor can be one, also can be a plurality of, when with a plurality of enzyme reactor, can make Production Flow Chart trend towards serialization production, agitator, temperature sensor and pH sensor are equipped with in enzyme reactor inside, and described enzyme reactor is provided with chuck, are used for heating or cooling, heat source is steam or thermal oil, the cooling water coolant of using;
Described whizzer can be disc centrifuge or tubular-bowl centrifuge;
Described dehvery pump is reciprocation pump, toothed gear pump or impeller pump.
Simple process of the present invention, equipment is simple, and operational condition is gentle, extracts temperature low (40 ℃-60 ℃), need not to utilize the organic solvent assisted extraction, can fully utilize grease and protein resource in castor seeds, improves castor-oil plant fruit oil yield and oil quality.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the device schematic diagram of the present invention's aqueous enzymatic extraction Viscotrol C.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
referring to accompanying drawing, the present embodiment comprises roller pulverizer 1, steeping tank 2, middle vessel I 3, toothed gear pump I 4, enzyme reactor 5, middle vessel II 6, reciprocation pump II 7, pressure filter 8, middle vessel III 9, impeller pump III 10, spinner-type flowmeter 11, whizzer 12, product storage tank 13 for the device embodiment of the method for enforcement aqueous enzymatic extraction Viscotrol C, described pulverizer 1 outlet is connected with steeping tank 2 imports, steeping tank 2 outlets are connected with 3 imports of middle vessel I, 3 outlets of middle vessel I are connected with enzyme reactor 5 upper inlet by the pipeline with toothed gear pump I 4, enzyme reactor 5 outlet at bottoms are connected with 6 imports of middle vessel II, 6 outlets of middle vessel II are connected with pressure filter 8 imports by the pipeline with reciprocation pump II 7, pressure filter 8 outlets are connected with 9 imports of middle vessel III, middle vessel III 9 outlet at bottoms pass through with impeller pump III 10, the pipeline of spinner-type flowmeter 11 is connected with the import of whizzer 12, the bottom oil phase outlet of tubular-bowl centrifuge 12 is connected with the import of product storage tank 13.
Described steeping tank 2 is equipped with agitator, temperature sensor and pH sensor, and described steeping tank 2 is provided with chuck, and chuck is used for heating or cooling, and heat source is steam or thermal oil, the cooling water coolant of using;
Agitator, temperature sensor and pH sensor are equipped with in described enzyme reactor 5 inside, and described enzyme reactor is provided with chuck, are used for heating or cooling, and heat source is steam or thermal oil, the cooling water coolant of using.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment adopts the device of embodiment 1 to extract Viscotrol C, specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) pulverize and soak: the castor-oil plant kernel that takes off kind of skin of shelling add pulverize (dry ground) in pulverizer 1 after, send into steeping tank 2, mass volume ratio in castor-oil plant kernel and phosphoric acid buffer is the ratio interpolation phosphoric acid buffer of 1:4g/ml, open agitator and chuck heating or the refrigerating unit of steeping tank 2 inside, keeping the interior temperature of tank is 30 ℃, soak time 4 h, the material after immersion send middle vessel I 3;
(2) enzyme reaction: will send into enzyme reactor 5 from middle basin I 3 through the material of step (1) immersion treatment with dehvery pump I 4, regulate the pH value to 6.5 of the slurries after soaking with hydrochloric acid soln, add the neutral protease that is equivalent to raw material castor-oil plant kernel quality 3%, open agitator and heating or the refrigerating unit of enzyme reactor 5 inside, keeping enzyme reaction temperature is 50 ℃, rotating speed with 100r/min stirs enzymolysis 4h, then mixture is sent middle vessel II 6;
(3) filtration, centrifugation: with dehvery pump II 7, the compound after step (2) enzymolysis is sent into pressure filter 8 filter cleaners from middle basin II 6, strengthen gradually after filter pressure is first little, from 3 * 10
5Be pressurized to 5 * 10 always
5Until residue is removed, then the filtrate after removing the gred (being enzymolysis solution) is sent middle vessel II 9, through spinner-type flowmeter 11, filtered liquid is sent from scheming 12 centrifugations with dehvery pump II 10 again, centrifuge speed 5000r/min, isolated oil phase is Viscotrol C, can reach 62.1% by measuring the edible vegetable oil oil extracting rate, and percent of total oil is 91.2%.
Oil extracting rate is determined the fruit oil length with reference to industry standard by soxhlet extraction, oil extracting rate=oil quality/(castor-oil plant kind benevolence quality * oil length) * 100%.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment adopts the device of embodiment 1 to extract Viscotrol C, specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) pulverize and soak: after the castor-oil plant kernel that takes off kind of skin of shelling adds pulverizer 1 to pulverize (dry ground), send into steeping tank 2, mass volume ratio in castor-oil plant kernel and phosphoric acid buffer is the ratio interpolation phosphoric acid buffer of 1:3g/ml, open agitator and chuck heating or the refrigerating unit of steeping tank 2 inside, keeping the interior temperature of tank is 35 ℃, soak time 2 h, the material after immersion send middle vessel I 3;
(2) enzyme reaction: will send into enzyme reactor 5 from middle basin I 3 through the material of step (1) immersion treatment with dehvery pump I 4, regulate the pH to 8 of the slurries after soaking with sodium hydroxide solution, add the neutral protease that is equivalent to raw material castor-oil plant kernel quality 2%, open agitator and heating or the refrigerating unit of enzyme reactor 5 inside, keeping enzyme reaction temperature is 55 ℃, rotating speed with 150r/min stirs enzymolysis 6h, and after enzymolysis, mixture send middle vessel II 6;
(3) filtration, centrifugation: with dehvery pump II 7, the mixture after step (2) enzymolysis is sent into pressure filter 8 filter cleaners from middle basin II 6, strengthen gradually after filter pressure is first little, from 3 * 10
5Be pressurized to 5 * 10 always
5Until residue is removed, send middle vessel III 9 with the filtrate after slagging-off, through spinner-type flowmeter 11, filtered liquid is sent from the scheming centrifugation with dehvery pump III 10 again, centrifuge speed 5000r/min, isolated oil phase is Viscotrol C, reaches 48.4% by measuring the edible vegetable oil oil extracting rate, and percent of total oil is 79.6%.
Oil extracting rate is determined the fruit oil length with reference to industry standard by soxhlet extraction, oil extracting rate=oil quality/(castor-oil plant kind benevolence quality * oil length) * 100%.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment adopts the device of embodiment 1 to extract Viscotrol C, specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) pulverize and soak: the castor-oil plant kernel that takes off kind of skin of shelling add pulverize (dry ground) in pulverizer 1 after, send into steeping tank 2, mass volume ratio in castor-oil plant kernel and phosphoric acid buffer is the ratio interpolation phosphoric acid buffer of 1:4 g/ml, open agitator and chuck heating or the refrigerating unit of steeping tank 2 inside, keeping the interior temperature of tank is 35 ℃, soak time 2 h, the material after immersion send middle vessel I 3;
(2) enzyme reaction: will send into enzyme reactor 5 from middle basin I 3 through the material of step (1) immersion treatment with dehvery pump I 4, regulate the pH to 6.8 of the slurries after soaking with hydrochloric acid soln, add the neutral protease that is equivalent to raw material castor-oil plant kernel 1.5wt% and the polygalacturonase of 0.5wt%, open agitator and heating or the refrigerating unit of enzyme reactor 5 inside, keeping enzyme reaction temperature is 45 ℃, rotating speed with 130r/min stirs enzymolysis 4h, and after enzymolysis, mixture send middle vessel II 6;
(3) filtration, centrifugation: with dehvery pump II 7, the mixture after step (2) enzymolysis is sent into pressure filter 8 filter cleaners from middle basin II 6, strengthen gradually after filter pressure is first little, from 3 * 10
5Be pressurized to 5 * 10 always
5Until residue is removed, filtered liquid after slagging-off send middle vessel III 9, through spinner-type flowmeter 11, filtered liquid is sent from the scheming centrifugation with dehvery pump III 10 again, centrifuge speed 5000r/min, isolated oil phase is Viscotrol C, reaches 36.7% by measuring the edible vegetable oil oil extracting rate, and percent of total oil is 86.8%.
Oil extracting rate is determined the fruit oil length with reference to industry standard by soxhlet extraction, oil extracting rate=oil quality/(castor-oil plant kind benevolence quality * oil length) * 100%.
Embodiment 5
The present embodiment adopts the device of embodiment 1 to extract Viscotrol C, specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) pulverize and soak: the castor-oil plant kernel that takes off kind of skin that will shell adds dry ground in pulverizer 1, send into steeping tank 2, mass volume ratio in castor-oil plant kernel and phosphoric acid buffer is the ratio interpolation acetate buffer solution of 1:4 g/ml, open agitator and chuck heating or the refrigerating unit of steeping tank 2 inside, keeping the interior temperature of tank is 35 ℃, soak time 2 h, the material after immersion send middle vessel I 3;
(2) enzyme reaction: will send into enzyme reactor 5 from middle basin I 3 through the slurries of step (1) immersion treatment with dehvery pump I 4, with hydrochloric acid soln regulator solution pH to 6.8, add the neutral protease that is equivalent to raw material castor-oil plant kernel 1.5wt% and the cellulase of 0.5wt%, open agitator and heating or the refrigerating unit of enzyme reactor 5 inside, keeping enzyme reaction temperature is 50 ℃, rotating speed with 150r/min stirs enzymolysis 4h, and after enzymolysis, mixture send middle vessel II 6;
(3) filtration, centrifugation: with dehvery pump II 7, the compound after step (2) enzymolysis is sent into pressure filter 8 filter cleaners from middle basin II 6, strengthen gradually after filter pressure is first little, from 3 * 10
5Be pressurized to 5 * 10 always
5, until residue is removed, be controlled at 3 * 10
5-5 * 10
5Scope, the filtered liquid after slagging-off send middle vessel III 9, then through spinner-type flowmeter 11, filtered liquid is sent from the scheming centrifugation with dehvery pump III 10, centrifuge speed 5000r/min, isolated oil phase is Viscotrol C, reaches 40.6% by measuring the edible vegetable oil oil extracting rate, and percent of total oil is 81.2%.
Oil extracting rate is determined the fruit oil length with reference to industry standard by soxhlet extraction, oil extracting rate=oil quality/(castor-oil plant kind benevolence quality * oil length) * 100%.
Claims (10)
1. the method for an aqueous enzymatic extraction Viscotrol C, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) pulverize and soak: the castor-oil plant kernel that takes off kind of skin of shelling add pulverize in pulverizer after, send into steeping tank and add phosphoric acid buffer or acetate buffer solution, stir and soak;
(2) enzyme reaction: will send into enzyme reactor through the material of step (1) immersion treatment, the pH value of regulating the slurries after soaking is 5-8, add the enzyme that is equivalent to raw material castor-oil plant kernel quality 0.5-5%, the rotating speed with 100-150r/min in 40-60 ℃ of water-bath stirred enzymolysis 2-8 hour;
The enzyme that adds is the mixture of neutral protease or neutral protease and polygalacturonase or the mixture of neutral protease and cellulase;
(3) filter, centrifugation: through the pressure filter pressure-filtering deslagging, then the filtrate after removing the gred is sent from the scheming centrifugation with the compound after step (2) enzymolysis, centrifugal complete after, isolate upper strata edible vegetable oil and be Viscotrol C;
Pressure filter press filtration condition is: filter pressure 3 * 10
5-5 * 10
5Pa;
Whizzer centrifugation rotating speed is: 4000-6000r/min.
2. the method for aqueous enzymatic extraction Viscotrol C according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (1), castor-oil plant kernel breaking method used is dry ground.
3. the method for aqueous enzymatic extraction Viscotrol C according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, in step (1), the condition of immersion is: the preferred 1:2-7g/ml of feed liquid mass volume ratio, soak time 1-6h, temperature 20-50 ℃.
4. the method for aqueous enzymatic extraction Viscotrol C according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the feed liquid mass volume ratio is 1:4g/ml, soak time 4h, 30 ℃ of temperature.
5. the method for aqueous enzymatic extraction Viscotrol C according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, in step (2), the acid solution of regulating the pH value of the slurries after soaking is sulphuric acid soln or hydrochloric acid soln, and alkali lye is sodium hydroxide solution or edible alkali solution.
6. the production method of aqueous enzymatic extraction Viscotrol C according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, in step (2), adds the enzyme that is equivalent to raw material castor-oil plant kernel quality 3-4%.
7. the method for aqueous enzymatic extraction Viscotrol C according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, in step (3), whizzer centrifugation rotating speed is 4000-6000r/min.
8. the method for aqueous enzymatic extraction Viscotrol C according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, in step (2), in the mixed enzyme of neutral protease and polygalacturonase, the mass ratio of neutral protease and polygalacturonase is 3-4:1.
9. the method for aqueous enzymatic extraction Viscotrol C according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, in step (2), in the prozyme of neutral protease and cellulase, neutral protease and cellulase mass ratio are 3-4:1.
10. device of implementing the production method of the described aqueous enzymatic extraction Viscotrol C of one of claim 1-7, it is characterized in that, comprise pulverizer, steeping tank, middle vessel I, dehvery pump I, enzyme reactor, middle vessel II, dehvery pump II, pressure filter, middle vessel III, dehvery pump III, spinner-type flowmeter, whizzer, product storage tank, described pulverizer outlet is connected with the steeping tank import, the steeping tank outlet is connected with the import of middle vessel I, the outlet of middle vessel I is connected with the enzyme reactor upper inlet by the pipeline with the dehvery pump I, the enzyme reactor outlet at bottom is connected with the import of middle vessel II, the outlet of middle vessel II is connected with the pressure filter import by the pipeline with the dehvery pump II, the pressure filter outlet is connected with the import of middle vessel III, middle vessel III outlet at bottom passes through with the dehvery pump III, the pipeline of spinner-type flowmeter is connected with the import of whizzer, the oil phase outlet of whizzer is connected with the import of product storage tank,
Described steeping tank and enzyme reactor are equipped with agitator, temperature sensor and pH sensor;
Described steeping tank and enzyme reactor are provided with chuck, are used for heating or cooling, and heat source is steam or thermal oil, the cooling water coolant of using.
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| CN103436350A (en) * | 2013-07-20 | 2013-12-11 | 烟台大学 | Aqueous enzymatic method for extracting rapeseed oil and recovering protein |
| CN104664556A (en) * | 2015-02-04 | 2015-06-03 | 紫云自治县燎原中药材产业化种植专业合作社 | Chinese honeylocust fruit seed hulling method |
| CN110016383A (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2019-07-16 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | A kind of preparation method of high-quality coconut peanut oil |
| CN114149912A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-03-08 | 河南华泰粮油机械股份有限公司 | System and method for continuously extracting tea seed oil |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103436350A (en) * | 2013-07-20 | 2013-12-11 | 烟台大学 | Aqueous enzymatic method for extracting rapeseed oil and recovering protein |
| CN104664556A (en) * | 2015-02-04 | 2015-06-03 | 紫云自治县燎原中药材产业化种植专业合作社 | Chinese honeylocust fruit seed hulling method |
| CN104664556B (en) * | 2015-02-04 | 2016-08-24 | 紫云自治县燎原中药材产业化种植专业合作社 | A kind of method of shelling of Fructus Gleditsia seed |
| CN110016383A (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2019-07-16 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | A kind of preparation method of high-quality coconut peanut oil |
| CN114149912A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-03-08 | 河南华泰粮油机械股份有限公司 | System and method for continuously extracting tea seed oil |
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Application publication date: 20130612 |