CN101589247A - 用于无级变速传动装置的驱动机构 - Google Patents

用于无级变速传动装置的驱动机构 Download PDF

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CN101589247A
CN101589247A CNA2007800364646A CN200780036464A CN101589247A CN 101589247 A CN101589247 A CN 101589247A CN A2007800364646 A CNA2007800364646 A CN A2007800364646A CN 200780036464 A CN200780036464 A CN 200780036464A CN 101589247 A CN101589247 A CN 101589247A
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transmission device
type transmission
speed variator
disc
utensil
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CN101589247B (zh
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C·J·格林伍德
A·D·杰夫列塔斯
R·A·奥利弗
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Allison Transmission Inc
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Torotrak Development Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H15/00—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members
    • F16H15/02—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members without members having orbital motion
    • F16H15/04—Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios
    • F16H15/06—Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B
    • F16H15/32—Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B in which the member B has a curved friction surface formed as a surface of a body of revolution generated by a curve which is neither a circular arc centered on its axis of revolution nor a straight line
    • F16H15/36—Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B in which the member B has a curved friction surface formed as a surface of a body of revolution generated by a curve which is neither a circular arc centered on its axis of revolution nor a straight line with concave friction surface, e.g. a hollow toroid surface
    • F16H15/38—Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B in which the member B has a curved friction surface formed as a surface of a body of revolution generated by a curve which is neither a circular arc centered on its axis of revolution nor a straight line with concave friction surface, e.g. a hollow toroid surface with two members B having hollow toroid surfaces opposite to each other, the member or members A being adjustably mounted between the surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H15/00—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members
    • F16H15/02—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members without members having orbital motion
    • F16H15/04—Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios
    • F16H15/06—Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B
    • F16H15/32—Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B in which the member B has a curved friction surface formed as a surface of a body of revolution generated by a curve which is neither a circular arc centered on its axis of revolution nor a straight line
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0833—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
    • F16H37/084—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
    • F16H37/086—CVT using two coaxial friction members cooperating with at least one intermediate friction member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/66—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings
    • F16H61/664—Friction gearings
    • F16H61/6648—Friction gearings controlling of shifting being influenced by a signal derived from the engine and the main coupling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/66—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings
    • F16H61/664—Friction gearings
    • F16H61/6649—Friction gearings characterised by the means for controlling the torque transmitting capability of the gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/04—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms a single final output mechanism being moved by a single final actuating mechanism
    • F16H63/06—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms a single final output mechanism being moved by a single final actuating mechanism the final output mechanism having an indefinite number of positions
    • F16H63/067—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms a single final output mechanism being moved by a single final actuating mechanism the final output mechanism having an indefinite number of positions mechanical actuating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0833—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
    • F16H37/084—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
    • F16H2037/088—Power split variators with summing differentials, with the input of the CVT connected or connectable to the input shaft

Abstract

一种变速器式传动装置，包括输入轴(18)、安装在输入轴上并随输入轴旋转的输入盘(10)、面向输入盘且布置成与输入盘同轴旋转的输出盘(12)，在输入盘和输出盘之间限定了环形腔。两个辊(14，16)位于环形腔内，并且提供有第一和第二辊托架器具，该第一和第二辊各自旋转地安装在辊托架器具上。并且端部负载器具(34，36)促使辊与输入盘和输出盘接触以传输动力。两个辊托架器具安装在杆件(50)的枢转轴线的相反侧，并且杆件(50)的枢转轴线在相对于输入盘和输出盘的旋转轴线的径向和非径向方向上是可移动的。

Description

用于无级变速传动装置的驱动机构
技术领域
本发明涉及环形座圈滚动牵引型的无级变速传动装置，在下文中指变速器。
背景技术
基本形式的变速器包括连接到输入驱动轴的环形凹部式输入盘和相对于输入盘共轴线布置的环形凹部式输出盘。多个辊(通常三个辊)在输入盘和输出盘之间限定的环形容腔中设置，并且动力通过辊从输入盘传递到输出盘。辊(通常通过双作用液压活塞)安装在经受横向力的辊托架上。同一液压压力通常被应用到所谓的端部负载室以将轴向力应用到其中一个盘，以便确保辊与输入盘和输出盘摩擦性地接合。
这种传动装置主要设计用于相对高动力、高扭矩的应用中，例如机动车辆传动装置中。当然，为了能处理动力和扭矩水平并提供更稳定的传动装置，通常有必要使用一对输入盘和一对共轴线安装的输出盘，它们限定两个环形腔，每个环形腔包含三个辊。在每个环形腔中使用三个辊的一个优势是装置固有的稳定，因为绕盘的三个等距位置处辊接触最小化了变速器部件的弯曲并因而最小化磨损。然而，每个辊通常也有必要设有它们自己的双作用控制活塞，并且有必要通过计算机控制液压压力。
虽然这种复杂的成本在机动车辆传动装置中是可以接受的，但不鼓励在欠苛求的环境中使用变速器。
因此，需要提供简化的、低成本的变速器以用在非如此苛刻的环境中。
待审国际专利申请PCT/EP2006/050860公开了简化的、低成本的变速器，该变速器具有与变速器输入盘和变速器输出盘接触的两个辊。每个辊安装在对应的辊托架上，所述辊托架连接到响应于操作员输入可枢转的杆件的相反端。该杆件的枢转轴线在相对于输入盘和输出盘的旋转轴线的径向方向上是可移动的。
在PCT/EP2006/050860所公开的具体装置中，杆件设有在凸耳中沿径向延伸槽可移动的枢轴销，该凸耳相对于变速器的壳体固定。虽然这种装置工作得很好，但这种类型的传动装置一般用于低成本机构中，因而需要简化结构，并尽可能地减少成本。
发明内容
根据本发明，提供了一种变速器式传动装置，包括：
壳体；
输入轴；
安装在所述输入轴上并随输入轴旋转的输入盘；
朝向所述输入盘且布置成与所述输入盘共轴线旋转的输出盘，在所述输入盘与所述输出盘之间限定环形腔；
两个位于所述环形腔内的辊；
第一辊托架器具和第二辊托架器具，所述第一和第二辊分别可旋转地安装在所述第一和第二辊托架器具上；
端部负载器具，其促使所述辊与所述输入盘和输出盘接触，从而传递动力；
具有枢转轴线的杆件器具，所述两个辊托架器具安装在杆件器具上位于所述枢转轴线的相反两侧；以及
用来使所述杆件器具绕所述枢转轴线枢转的枢转器具；
由此，杆件器具的枢转轴线沿相对于输入盘和输出盘的旋转轴线的径向可移动，且具有沿非径向的移动分量。
就PCT/EP2006/050860而言，通过提供具有仅两个辊的变速器式传动装置，并通过利用杆件器具而非液压地控制辊，可减低变速器的复杂性和成本，同时仍然能提供适合相对低动力、低扭矩应用的传动装置。然而，允许杆件的枢转轴线在沿径向和非径向方向的移动，同时也允许变速器控制机构更简单和更低成本的结构。
优选地，所述枢转器具包括杆件器具中的细长凹部，其可与相对于所述壳体固定的突出部接合。在杆件中设置与相对于壳体固定的突出部接合的凹部简化了变速器的结构且因此减少成本。
优选地，所述突出部包括相对于所述壳体固定的枢转销，滑块可枢转地安装在该枢转销上，该滑块可与所述杆件器具中的凹部接合。优选地，所述滑块的宽度大致与所述槽的宽度相同。优选地，所述杆件器具的枢转轴线可移动经过一预定距离。
优选地，用来使所述杆件器具枢转的枢转器具包括臂部分。
优选地，枢转器具(例如球形接头)在每个辊托架器具和杆件器具之间设置。
优选地，所述输入轴和输出盘驱动混合行星轮系的输入，所述混合行星轮系相对于所述输入轴共轴线地布置。
还可能有连接到混合行星轮系的输出的减速齿轮器。
优选地，端部负载器具包括弹性可变形的器具。优选地，端部负载器具包括仅弹性地可变形的器具。
弹性可变形的器具优选地在变速器壳体与输入盘及输出盘中的一个之间延伸。
弹性可变形的器具优选地包括弹簧，例如，贝氏弹簧垫圈。
附图说明
参考附图，本发明的具体实施例将通过示例的形式进行描述，其中：
图1是根据本发明的变速器式传动装置的实施例的纵向剖面图；
图2是图1的传动装置的示意图；以及
图3是沿箭头III-III方向观看的图1中的变速器的横断面正视图，其示出了辊控制设备。
具体实施方式
连续可变比传动系统包括具有壳体H的变速器V，该壳体H包围环形凹部式输入盘10和对置的环形凹部式输出盘12。两个辊14、16安装在由输入盘10和输出盘12的相对环形凹部面之间所限定的环形腔中，以将来自输入盘10的动力具有传动比地传递到输出盘12，该传动比通过倾斜辊14、16而得以变化。
输入盘10连接到系统输入轴18且随系统输入轴18旋转。变速器V经管状输出轴20提供输出，该管状输出轴20连接到输出盘12且与输入轴18共轴线地、环绕地布置。输入轴18和变速器输出轴20为复合混合行星轮系E1提供输入。如图示意性所示，与输出盘12远离的变速器输出轴20的端部支撑混合行星轮系E1的第一中心齿轮S1。行星轮系E1的托架C1连接到并被输入轴18驱动。托架C1支撑四个相同的等距径向内行星齿轮P1和四个相同的等距径向外行星齿轮P2(在图1中不可见)，径向外行星齿轮P2与径向内行星齿轮P1的大小相同。径向内行星齿轮P1与第一中心齿轮S1啮合且与四个径向外行星齿轮P2中的对应的径向外行星齿轮啮合。径向外行星齿轮P2也与内齿齿圈A1啮合，该齿圈A1形成混合行星轮系E1的输出。来自齿圈A1的输出经管状共轴线输出轴22连接到简化减速行星齿轮组E2。该减速行星齿轮组E2包括被轴22支撑的输入中心齿轮S2，该输入中心齿轮S2与托架C2所支撑的四个等角度间隔的行星齿轮P3啮合。行星齿轮P3也与固定至变速器壳体的齿圈A2啮合。托架C2的旋转形成减速行星齿轮组E2的输出，并通过连接到托架C2的输出轴24传输到外部。输出轴24与输入轴18共轴线，输入轴18的一端在输出轴24的最内端的凹部26中被接收。
上面所描述的连接到输出轴20的齿轮装置仅仅是可被使用的齿轮装置的一个示例。根据传动装置的需求和使用目的，也可使用齿轮装置的其它组合。
传动装置容纳在大体管状的、支撑输入轴和输出轴18、20的壳体30中。壳体30紧邻输入轴18的端部由端板32关闭。锥形贝氏弹簧垫圈34在端板32的内表面和环形承载板36之间延伸，该承载板36与变速器输入盘10的外平面滚动接触。贝氏弹簧垫圈将力(“端部负载”)施加到输入盘10，并允许扭矩从输入盘10通过辊14、16传递到输出盘12。
通过改变辊14、16的倾斜度(将在下面将描述)，输出盘12相对于输入盘10的速度可被改变。通过将混合行星轮系E1中的传动装置输入的旋转和变速器输出的旋转结合，传动装置的输出可被改变。在图示的结构中，传动装置可经“传动装置的空挡位置”在全倒档和全前进档之间变化。然而，通过对齿轮装置的合适选择，变速器的运行范围可按需求进行调整。例如，如果传动装置所固定至的车辆正常运行在前进档并仅仅偶尔运行在倒退档时，变速器可设置成通过传动装置的空挡位置在低倒档和高前进超速档之间变化。
用来改变辊14、16的倾斜度的机构在图3中得到更详细地示出。各辊14、16通过突出轴42可旋转地安装在辊托架40上，该突出轴42可旋转地安装在辊托架(图3仅示出一个辊托架40，但是另一个是完全相同的)的相对的平坦支承板44、46上。每个辊托架40的一个端部经由球轴承52(例如由Rose Bearings有限公司制造的“Rose轴承”)连接到控制杆50的横杆48的两端部中的对应一个端部。控制杆50设有槽54，该槽54位于两个球轴承52的中点并相对于控制杆的横杆48垂直延伸。槽54接收突出部，所述突出部形式为与槽54宽度一样的细长、直边滑块56。滑块56可枢转地安装在枢转销58上，该枢转销58相对于变速器的壳体被固定安装。
杆件50设有致动臂60，该致动臂沿与将两个球轴承52中点相连的线垂直的方向(也就是垂直于杆件的横杆48的轴线)从变速器壳体伸出。从变速器壳体伸出的驱动杆60的端部设有孔62，该孔62可用来连接两个Bowden缆线(未示出)或其它直接的机械连接件，以沿相反方向枢转杆件。连接是来自操作传动装置所部分形成设备的人们的直接机械连接。例如，致动臂60可连接到车辆油门踏板或连接到前进和倒退踏板。
当杆件50枢转，辊10、12中的一个被推动而另一个被拉动，两者具有相等的扭矩。杆件50内的槽54的构造允许系统平衡，因为辊沿槽的运动将辊转动到适当位置，在该位置减少一个辊传递的扭矩同时增加另一个辊所传递的力矩，其中，杆件50可滑动地布置在滑块上，该滑块可枢转地安装在相对于壳体固定的枢轴上。这样一来，反作用力向平衡方向调整且因此纠正操作。这在元件制造精度相对更低的低成本装置中是重要的。杆件的枢轴的径向运动允许杆件移动到适当位置，在该适当位置，由制造误差引起的两个辊之间的任何不平衡得以消除。
所描述的装置也允许杆件移动的小范围横向(也就是非径向)运动，使得比PCT/EP2006/050860所公开的装置更简单、更便宜。

Claims (16)

1.一种变速器式传动装置，包括：
壳体；
输入轴；
安装在所述输入轴上并随输入轴旋转的输入盘；
朝向所述输入盘且布置成与所述输入盘共轴线旋转的输出盘，在所述输入盘与所述输出盘之间限定环形腔；
位于所述环形腔内的两个辊；
第一辊托架器具和第二辊托架器具，所述第一和第二辊分别可旋转地安装在所述第一和第二辊托架器具上；
端部负载器具，其促使所述辊与所述输入盘和输出盘接触，从而传递动力；
具有枢转轴线的杆件器具，所述两个辊托架器具安装在杆件器具上位于所述枢转轴线的相反两侧；以及
用来使所述杆件器具绕所述枢转轴线枢转的枢转器具；
由此，杆件器具的枢转轴线沿相对于输入盘和输出盘的旋转轴线的径向可移动，且具有沿非径向的移动分量。
2.如权利要求1所述的变速器式传动装置，其特征在于，所述枢转器具包括杆件器具中的细长凹部，其可与相对于所述壳体固定的突出部接合。
3.如权利要求2所述的变速器式传动装置，其特征在于，所述突出部包括相对于所述壳体固定的枢转销，滑块可枢转地安装在该枢转销上，该滑块可与所述杆件器具中的凹部接合。
4.如权利要求3所述的变速器式传动装置，其特征在于，所述滑块的宽度大致与所述凹部的宽度相同。
5.如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的变速器式传动装置，其特征在于，所述杆件器具内的凹部包括槽。
6.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的变速器式传动装置，其特征在于，所述杆件器具的枢转轴线可移动经过一预定距离。
7.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的变速器式传动装置，其特征在于，用来使所述杆件器具绕所述枢转轴线枢转的枢转器具包括臂部分。
8.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的变速器式传动装置，其特征在于，还包括每个辊托架器具与所述杆件器具之间的枢转器具。
9.如前述权利要求8所述的变速器式传动装置，其特征在于，所述枢转器具包括球形接头。
10.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的变速器式传动装置，其特征在于，所述输入轴和输出盘形成混合行星轮系的输入。
11.如前述权利要求10所述的变速器式传动装置，其特征在于，所述混合行星轮系相对于所述输入轴共轴线地布置。
12.如前述权利要求10或11所述的变速器式传动装置，其特征在于，还包括连接到所述混合行星轮系的输出的减速齿轮器具。
13.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的变速器式传动装置，其特征在于，所述端部负载器具包括弹性可变形的器具。
14.如前述权利要求13所述的变速器式传动装置，其特征在于，所述端部负载器具包括仅弹性可变形的器具。
15.如前述权利要求13或14所述的变速器式传动装置，其特征在于，所述弹性可变形的器具在所述变速器壳体与所述输入盘及输出盘中的一个之间延伸。
16.如前述权利要求13至15所述的变速器式传动装置，其特征在于，所述弹性可变形的器具包括弹簧。
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