CN101570146B - 一种电动汽车驱动系统及其控制方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种电动汽车驱动系统及其控制方法,带有以发电机组为主体的里程延长系统,可实现电池能量过低后的里程增长,发动机不再作为整车驱动动力源,发动机主要作用是驱动发电机发电。在纯电动设计里程内,实现无油耗纯电动运行,当运行里程超过电池设计里程时,驱动电机利用发电机发出的电能来驱动整车,优化电机、电池和发电机组之间的模式控制,从而增加整车的续驶里程。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于插电式电动汽车驱动系统的控制领域,具体涉及一种电动汽车驱动系统及其控制方法。
背景技术
Plug-in插电式混合动力系统作为新的混合动力系统的研究方向,越来越多的汽车厂商在发展混合动力与电动车之际,都会将Plug-in可充电式的系统考虑进去,纯电动汽车和基于纯电动汽车的Plug-in混合动力系统已成趋势。而在这种新的系统下如何选择动力源以及如何确保各个动力源之间的配合,使之达到有效工作、增加续航能力是亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种电动汽车驱动系统及其控制方法,其优化电机、电池和发电机组之间的模式控制,从而增加整车的续驶里程。
PHEV混合动力汽车主要利用外接电源给电池充电作为能量源,当使用者运行距离在电池的设计里程之内,则可实现无油耗纯电动运行。同时PHEV带有以发电机组为主体的里程延长系统,可实现电池能量过低后的里程增长,发动机不再作为整车驱动动力源,发动机主要作用是驱动发电机发电。在纯电动设计里程内,实现无油耗纯电动运行,当运行里程超过电池设计里程时,驱动电机利用发电机发出的电能来驱动整车。
具体技术方案如下:
一种电动汽车驱动系统,包括电池,发电机组和电机,所述电机驱动整车运行,所述电池可向电机供电,所述发电机组可以发电,并向电机和/或电池供电。
所述发电机组包括发动机和发电机,发动机用于驱动发电机发电。
所述发动机和发电机机械同轴连接。
所述电池采用家庭用电源或其他常规电源或进行充电,或采用大电流充电设施进行大电流充电。
所述电机为永磁同步电机或本领域其他类型电机。
所述发电机组包括发动机和发电机,电池由一能量管理系统控制并调整工作状态,和/或发动机由一发动机管理系统EMS控制并调整工作状态,和/或发电机由一发电机控制器控制并调整工作状态,和/或驱动系统由一整车控制单元控制并调整工作状态。
一种电动汽车驱动系统的控制方法,根据工作阶段或整车状态或电池的荷电状态SOC,由电池、发电机组和电机各自的管理系统和/或控制器和/或控制单元进行电池、发电机组和电机的动力流向控制。
当驱动系统工作开始时,发电机组关闭,由电池对电机进行供电。
当电池荷电状态SOC小于预设值X,电池和发电机组都处于工作状态,发动机开始工作,并根据整车工况,对发电的功率进行分配。
当请求的驱动功率小于发电机当前最大发电功率,则发电机的发电功率一部分提供给驱动电机,一部分提供给电池充电;当请求的驱动功率大于发电机最大发电功率,则发电机和电池同时对驱动电机提供驱动能量,直至电池的荷电状态SOC达到最小允许值Y。
当电池荷电状态SOC小于最小允许值Y,电池停止提供能量,发电机组工作并根据整车工况:发电机组发出的能量全部用于驱动电机工作;或者发电机组发出的能量一部分用来驱动电机工作,一部分用来传输给电池储存。
与目前现有技术相比,本发明:
1.开始工作时,完全靠电池提供给驱动电机能量
2.当电池电量SOC<X时,发电机组开始工作,根据整车工况,对发电功率进行分配,如果请求的驱动功率小于发电机当前最大发电功率,发电机的发电功率一部分提供给驱动电机,一部分提供给电池充电;如果请求的驱动功率大于发电机最大发电功率,发电机和电池同时对驱动电机提供驱动能量。
3.当SOC<Y时,电池不提供能量,完全依靠发动机提供能量,根据整车工况,发电机发出的能量全部用于驱动或者一部分用于驱动一部分用于给大电池充电。
三个动力源之间协调工作,确保最有效的工作,最长的续驶里程。
附图说明
图1为插电式PHEV的整体结构
图2为插电式电驱动系统的控制流程图
图中:1.发电机组,2.发动机,3.发电机,4.电机,5.变速箱,6.差速器,7.变频调速器,8.车载充电器,9.220V交流电,10.动力电池带能量管理系统,11.直流变换器,12.12V小电池,13.EPS,14.E-Vacu,15.Air-Condition,16.电机与减速器集成系统,a.右前轮,b.左前轮,c.右后轮,d.左前轮,x.电连接,y.机械连接
具体实施方式
下面根据附图对本发明进行详细描述,其为本发明多种实施方式中的一种优选实施例。
图1为插电式混合动力系统的结构图,车载充电器用于220V交流电源给与电池充电,当充电完成后,车载充电器自动断开。动力电池主要用于提供能量给驱动电机和空调系统工作,当驱动电机时,直流母线电压经过变频器转化给三相交流电供给驱动电机工作。驱动电机通过变速箱和差速器传递给驱动轮,驱动整车运行。
采用该结构,发动机不再作为整车驱动动力源,发动机和启动/发电机为一体式连接,发动机通过EMS进行控制,发电机工作状态通过发电机控制器进行控制。发动机主要作用是驱动发电机发电,因此将发动机及发电机定义为发电机组;整车驱动动力主要由驱动电机消耗电池能量或发电机组发出能量来实现。
在此,将电池叫做第一动力源,发动机和发电机的组合发电机组叫做第二动力源,驱动电机叫做第三动力源,这三个动力源之间的协调工作是一个难题,本实施例就提出一种控制方式来解决三者的动力流向,确保最有效的工作,最长的续驶里程。
第一动力源电池可以采用家庭用的电源进行充电,电流一般小于10A,充电时间比较长,也可以用大电流充电,充电时间比较短,充电电流比较大,需要专门的充电设施。
第二动力源发电机组是一个发动机和一个发电机的组合,发动机一般为小排量发动机,与发电机机械同轴连接。
第三动力源驱动电机可以为永磁同步电机或者其他类型的电机,主要作用是把电能转化成机械能驱动整车运行。
在PHEV工作开始时,驱动电机全部由第一动力源蓄电池供电工作,此时把这种工作模式叫做“电量消耗模式-纯电动”模式,在这个模式中,发动机一直是关闭的,电池是唯一的能量源,电池的荷电状态随着续驶里程的增加而慢慢变低。整车控制单元VMS根据整车需求功率,通过CAN命令电池发出需求功率,驱动整车工作。
当SOC<X时,电池和发电机组都处于工作状态,此时进入下一个模式“电量消耗-混合动力”模式,在这个模式下,发动机打开开始工作。根据整车工况,对发电功率进行分配,如果请求的驱动功率小于发电机当前最大发电功率,发电机的发电功率一部分提供给驱动电机,一部分提供给电池充电;如果请求的驱动功率大于发电机最大发电功率,发电机和电池同时对驱动电机提供驱动能量。直至电池的荷电状态达到最小允许值SOC<Y。
当SOC<Y时,电池不再作为动力源提供能量,此时的唯一能量源为第二动力源发电机组,根据整车工况,发电机发出的能量全部用于驱动电机工作,或者发电机组发出的能量分为两部分:一部分用来驱动电机工作,一部分用来传输给电池储存,电池的荷电状态慢慢增加。这个阶段采用恒功率控制方式。
图2为插电式电驱动系统的控制流程图,在第一阶段,整车进入纯电动模式,电池作为唯一能量源提供给驱动电机能量,当运行一段时间后,电池的SOC下降到临界点X时,此时进入第二阶段,发动机开始工作,根据整车工况,判断驱动功率和发电功率的关系,当驱动功率大于发电功率时,发电机组和动力电池同时为驱动电机进行能量传输,当驱动功率小于发电功率时,发电机组提供给驱动电机所需的驱动功率,同时剩余能量通过电池储存。在第三阶段,当电池电量SOC<Y时,驱动电机最大功率应小于发电机组的最大发电功率,确保电池在这种情况下不再向外部输出能量,当驱动功率小于发电功率时,发电机组发出的能量分为两部分:一部分输出给驱动电机所需功率,其余部分输出给动力电池进行能量存储。
上面结合附图对本发明进行了示例性描述,显然本发明具体实现并不受上述方式的限制,只要采用了本发明的方法构思和技术方案进行的各种改进,或未经改进直接应用于其它场合的,均在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (3)
1.一种电动汽车驱动系统的控制方法,其特征在于,该电动汽车驱动系统包括电池,发电机组和电机,所述电机驱动整车运行;所述电池向该电机供电;所述发电机组包括发动机和发电机,其可以发电,并向电机和/或电池供电,该发动机用于驱动发电机发电;所述发动机和发电机机械同轴连接,其由一发动机管理系统EMS控制并调整工作状态;所述电池采用家庭用电源进行充电,其由一能量管理系统控制并调整工作状态;所述电机为永磁同步电机;所述发电机由一发电机控制器控制并调整工作状态;所述驱动系统由一整车控制单元控制并调整工作状态;采用如下步骤:根据工作阶段或整车状态或电池的荷电状态SOC,由电池、发电机组和电机各自的管理系统和/或控制器和/或控制单元进行电池、发电机组和电机的动力流向控制,当驱动系统工作开始时,发电机组关闭,由电池对电机进行供电,当电池荷电状态SOC小于预设值X,电池和发电机组都处于工作状态,发动机开始工作,并根据整车工况,对发电的功率进行分配。
2.如权利要求1所述的电动汽车驱动系统的控制方法,其特征在于,当请求的驱动功率小于发电机当前最大发电功率,则发电机的发电功率一部分提供给驱动电机,一部分提供给电池充电;当请求的驱动功率大于发电机最大发电功率,则发电机和电池同时对驱动电机提供驱动能量,直至电池的荷电状态SOC达到最小允许值Y。
3.如权利要求1所述的电动汽车驱动系统的控制方法,其特征在于,当电池荷电状态SOC小于最小允许值Y,电池停止提供能量,发电机组工作并根据整车工况:发电机组发出的能量全部用于驱动电机工作;或者发电机组发出的能量一部分用来驱动电机工作,一部分用来传输给电池储存。
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