CN101560587B - Composite impact material surface strengthening method and device - Google Patents
Composite impact material surface strengthening method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN101560587B CN101560587B CN2009100271303A CN200910027130A CN101560587B CN 101560587 B CN101560587 B CN 101560587B CN 2009100271303 A CN2009100271303 A CN 2009100271303A CN 200910027130 A CN200910027130 A CN 200910027130A CN 101560587 B CN101560587 B CN 101560587B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a composite impact material surface strengthening method and a device based on laser shock wave and electromagnetic pulse. A computer central processing unit controls a laser and an electromagnetic pulse device to act on a specimen panel simultaneously, an adjustable external optical path system alters the path of laser beam, a facula regulating device regulates the size offacula of the laser beam; meanwhile an electromagnetic pulse controller starts an electromagnetic force generation system to ensure that metal specimen panel suffers from dual strengthening effects o f laser and electromagnetic pulse, pulse laser and electromagnetic pulse can integrally impact the surface of complex curved surface by adjusting the movement and the rotation of a multi axial coordinate platform, thereby realizing three-dimensional stereoscopic impact. The invention can prevent the surface of the material from generating harmful remnant tensile stress, is applicable to pinhole for fatigue strengthening, damage restoration and reproducing, prevents crack from propagating, eliminates welding stress, and enhances resistance to stress corrosion.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the surface strengthening of large-scale material and the fine structure intensifying technology field of small-sized material, can improve material surface stress intensity and distribution, improve metal works work-ing life.Refer in particular to a kind of method and apparatus of the composite impact material surface strengthening based on laser blast wave and emp, need especially to be adapted to the component of antifatigue, stress corrosion resistant.
Background technology
Methods such as traditional material modification technology forges, cold extrusion, LASER HEAT TREATMENT and mechanic shot peening make slab interior produce residual compressive stress, and reaching the purpose of reinforcement, to produce setup time long but exist, the high deficiency of processing flexibility difference and manufacturing cost.At present, laser processing technology and material laser shot peening strengthening technology have been applied to production industries such as aerospace, shipping industry and automobile panel, but in the practical laser shot peening strengthening process, residual compressive stress distributes and size and inhomogeneous, and the position also can produce tensile stress outside shock zone etc.Emp is to utilize the law of electromagnetic induction, pass workpiece and on workpiece, produce induced current by pulsed magnetic field, the magnetic field and initial electric field, the magnetic field that produce have produced enormous function power each other, thereby make the stressed shaping of workpiece, extensively used numerous areas such as machinery, electronics, automotive industry, light industry and instrument, aerospace, weapon industry.
By retrieval at present in the foreign literature in August, 2007 DANE C BRENT[US]; HARRIS FRITZ B[US]; TARANOWSKI JOSEPHT[US] etc. people's " ACTIVE BEAM DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR LASERPEENING AND LASER PEENING METHOD ", the patent No. is KR20070086485 (A), introduce a kind of transportable laser beam and carried out material surface laser peening intensifying technology, promptly under the workpiece fixation case, by the laser transfer system, make laser beam carry out complete shot-peening to plate along certain optical path, its defective is as follows: (1) mobile beam the process complexity, be difficult to accurate control.(2) though can be difficult to solve the irrational problem of laser peening strengthening process residual stress distribution repeatedly according to certain path impact material surface.(3) material surface laser repeatedly during shot-peening lap-joint be difficult to handle, can't guarantee being evenly distributed of residual compressive stress behind lap-joint's laser peening.(4) can't strengthen complex curved surface parts, and can't guarantee that complex-curved transition position obtains strengthening effect preferably behind laser peening.
The prior art that adopts the emp device to handle material surface is not also arranged at present.
Summary of the invention
The method and apparatus that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of composite impact material surface strengthening based on laser blast wave and emp, in order to improve the material surface performance, improve the distribution of panel surface residual stress field, improve the stress corrosion resistant ability and the fatigue lifetime of material.
The technical scheme that composite impact material surface strengthening method of the present invention adopts is: adopt high-power repetitive frequency pulsed laser apparatus and emp device to act on the sample plate simultaneously, by computer central processing unit controls laser apparatus and emp device.
Send steering order simultaneously to laser controller and emp control by the computer central processing unit, by laser controller laser apparatus is given off laser beam, change the laser beam route by adjustable outside optical system again, the spot size of regulating laser beam with the hot spot setting device acts on the sample plate; Start the electromagnetic force generation systems by the emp controller simultaneously, produce eddy current through the emp device again and form the action of a magnetic field in the sample plate.
The technical scheme that composite impact material surface strengthening device of the present invention adopts is: comprise computer central processing unit, laser apparatus and emp device, the computer central processing unit with laser controller connect laser apparatus, connecting the emp device behind the emp control serial connection electromagnetic force generation systems, laser beam that is sent by laser apparatus and emp device are in the same way near the sample plate.
The present invention proposes the technical scheme based on the composite impact material surface strengthening of laser blast wave and emp, makes the test button plate be subjected to laser and the dual strengthening effect of emp.On the one hand, directly utilize the flexible lamina on intense pulse laser bundle impact specimen surface, make its top layer gasification ionization and form the shockwave impact material surface; On the other hand, utilize emp to make and produce eddy current formation magnetic field in the metal works and make metal works stressed, its beneficial effect is::
1, emp device solves of the present invention the uneven problem of laser blast wave pressure distribution, the effect of laser blast wave stress effect has simultaneously remedied the deficiency of the surging force of emp device, adaptation is impacted along the pointwise of path planning track, can fully strengthen complicated metal works surface, obtain shot blasting effect preferably.
2, the present invention utilizes repetitive frequency pulsed laser to pass collection chinaware centre hole to make the test button workpiece stressed, enlarge independent laser shock peening strengthening region, composite impact by laser blast wave and emp, form certain being evenly distributed and rational residual compressive stress in panel surface, enlarge the residual compressive stress zone, prevent that material surface from producing deleterious residual tension, can be applicable to the tired reinforcement of aperture, injury repairing is made again, stop crack propagation, eliminate welding stress and improve stress corrosion resistant.
3, because the electromagnetism reinforcement is to make medium with magnetic field, and can pass the non-conductor material, be the noncontact course of processing, no instrument contacts with the workpiece deformation surface, and laser also is to post on the workpiece of flexible lamina by acting on of shockwave, magnetic field and flexible lamina do not have interaction, damage at shaping surface inorganic tool, forming process does not have the machinery contact, does not have friction, need not lubricate, so, the physics and the chemical property of workpiece material are constant, and Working environment or workpiece are not all polluted, and are a kind of green reinforced technology efficient, easy to clean.
4, the present invention is fixed on the sample plate on the multiaxis coordinate table, can regulate moving and rotating of multiaxis coordinate table, make pulse laser and emp can intactly impact complex-curved surface, realize material surface repeatedly composite impact handle and the reinforcement of complex-curved material, and can realize that 3 D stereo impacts.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments the present invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is a composite impact material surface strengthening apparatus structure synoptic diagram;
Fig. 2 is that laser and emp are impacted elimination welding stress assay map;
Fig. 3 is the laser and the emp shock peening area schematic of sample plate 11;
Fig. 4 is the residual stress distribution figure that laser shock peening is strengthened back sample plate 11;
Fig. 5 is the residual stress distribution figure that laser and emp are strengthened back sample plate 11;
Fig. 6 is that laser and emp are impacted antifatigue processing assay map.
Among the figure: 1-computer central processing unit; The 2-laser controller; 3-emp controller; The 4-laser apparatus; The 5-outside optical system; 6-hot spot setting device; 7-emp device; The 8-laser beam; The 9-anchor clamps; The 10-flexible lamina; 11-sample plate; 12-multiaxis connection coordinate table; 13-multiaxis coordinate table controller; 14-collection chinaware; 15-emp coil; 16-electromagnetic force generation systems; The 17-discharge switch; 18-pulse energy storage capacitor group; The 19-charging switch; The 20-charging unit; 21-plate circular light spot shock zone; 22,23,24 centre holes; The 25-plate; The 26-plate; The 27-welding region.
Embodiment
Shown in Figure 1, computer central processing unit 1 connects laser apparatus 4 with laser controller 2, laser apparatus 4 gives off laser beam 8, outside optical system 5 is installed in order to change the direction of laser beam 8 at laser apparatus 4 outlet sides, connect hot spot setting device 6 between laser apparatus 4 and laser beam 8, laser beam 8 acts on the sample plate 11 after hot spot setting device 6 is regulated spot size.
Computer central processing unit 1 connects emp device 7 with emp controller 3 serial connection electromagnetic force generation systems 16 backs.Electromagnetic force generation systems 16 is made of discharge switch 17, pulse energy storage capacitor group 18, charging switch 19 and charging unit 20.Emp device 7 is made up of collection chinaware 14 and emp coil 15.Near sample plate 11, laser beam 8 acts on the sample plate 11 after passing the centre hole that collects chinaware 14 in same direction for laser beam 8 and emp device 7.Charging unit 20 is to 18 chargings of pulse energy storage capacitor group, and 18 pairs of emp coils of pulse energy storage capacitor group 15 discharge.
Computer central processing unit 1 connects multiaxis connection coordinate table 12 with multiaxis coordinate table controller 13.Anchor clamps 9 are installed on the multiaxis connection coordinate table 12, and sample plate 11 is fixed on the anchor clamps 9, attached subsides flexible lamina 10 on sample plate 11, and flexible lamina 10 is made up of restraint layer and absorption layer.Computer central processing unit 1 connects multiaxis connection coordinate table 12 with multiaxis coordinate table controller 13.
The present invention is by computer central processing unit 1 high-power repetitive frequency pulsed laser apparatus 4 of control and emp device 7, and high-power repetitive frequency pulsed laser apparatus 4 and emp device 7 act on the flexible lamina 10 on the sample plate 11 simultaneously.Central control processor 1 sends steering order simultaneously to laser controller 2 and emp controller 3 when work.Central control processor 1 is by laser controller 2 control laser apparatus 4, making laser apparatus 4 send laser pulse width is that 4ns～10ns, energy are the laser beam of 0～100J, change assault route by regulating outside optical system 5, the spot diameter size that hot spot setting device 6 is regulated laser beam 8, making spot diameter is 0.2mn～20mm.Laser beam 8 passes flexible lamina 10 surfaces that act on behind collection chinaware 14 centre holes on the sample plate 11, simultaneously, central control processor 1 starts electromagnetic force generation systems 16 by emp controller 3, electromagnetic force generation systems 16 triggers emp device 7, make emp device 7 produce eddy current and form flexible lamina 10 surfaces of the action of a magnetic field on sample plate 11, make sample plate 11 stressed, the discharge energy of emp device 7 is 0kJ～100kJ, voltage is 0.3kV～20kV, electric capacity is 20 μ F～1600 μ F, and sample plate 11 is 2mm～10mm apart from the distance of the emp coil 15 in the emp device 7.Enhancement purpose according to reality, can be by central control processor 1 the discharging and recharging continuously and discharging and recharging opportunity that program by emp controller 3 setting pulse energy storage capacitor groups 18, beginning discharge switch 17 is closed, charging switch 19 is conductings, charging unit 20 is to 18 chargings of pulse energy storage capacitor group, make the enough energy of its storage, after reaching the real work voltage request, trigger discharge switch 17 conductings by 1 control of computer central processing unit, charging switch 19 is closed, emp coil 15 rapid discharges in 18 pairs of emp devices of pulse energy storage capacitor group, produce the High Voltage pulsed current, thereby excite strong pulsed magnetic field, between sample plate 11 and emp coil 15, produce the effect of electromagnetic force, like this, make sample plate 11 under laser blast wave and emp double reaction plus, obtain to strengthen, can require to adjust size of making a concerted effort and the distribution that laser blast wave and electromagnetism fat dash according to different reinforcements.
The present invention adjusts the size and the impact direction of surge pressure by changing laser parameters such as above-mentioned laser pulse width, energy, spot diameter and impact path, by changing sample plate 11 distances apart from the emp coil 15 in the emp device 7, the discharge energy of emp device 7, voltage and electric capacity are adjusted the size of the power of electromagnetic field effect on sample plate 11, thereby can regulate various parameters according to different materials and different demands, to reach the purpose of abundant strengthening material.
When being complex-curved, flexible lamina 10 is posted on sample plate 11 surfaces in the impact process by impact specimen plate 11, can be by the rotation of multiaxis coordinate table pivoting controller 13 control multiaxis connection coordinate tables 12.When producing laser and emp, multiaxis connection coordinate table 12 is subjected to multiaxis coordinate table pivoting controller 13 control backs to treating that impact position does three-dimensional motion, thereby reach the purpose of control impact position, make pulse laser and emp can intactly impact complex-curved surface.
Figure 2 shows that stress example of the present invention; plate 25 and plate 26 are welded by adopting HJ-4CO2 laser apparatus 4; bonding power and welding speed are respectively 2.2～3.0kW and 1.8～2mm/s; owing in welding process, produce harmful tensile stress at weld; usually also need in the actual procedure this tailor welded blank forming; as drawing, so be necessary welding region is carried out surface modification.Can be according to the features of response of the welding setting of reality and different plate, by adjusting laser energy and spot size, and emp voltage, adjust the size of shock wave pressure and the size of emp reactive force, welding region 27 is carried out composite impact to be strengthened, to eliminate harmful unrelieved stress, improve the surface property of welding region, make it satisfy actual needs.In concrete impact process, because laser and emp are extremely short action time, the surging force that need maintenance laser-impact wave force and emp produce is in the synchronization effect or reasonably impact rhythm, can make pulse laser and emp have synchronism or rhythm to material surface as the time spent by laser controller 2 and emp controller 3.
Below illustrate that by 2 embodiment the present invention has good residual compressive stress and distributes and impact anti-fatigue performance.
Adopt the present invention's composite impact device based on laser blast wave and emp shown in Figure 1 that above-mentioned identical sample plate 11 is carried out surface strengthening, its residual stress distribution figure as shown in Figure 5, can see from Fig. 5, comparison diagram 4 laser impact intensified separately, after adopting composite impact device of the present invention to strengthen, the residual stress distribution of sample plate 11 is more even, and shock zone there is no residual tension outward, obtain the distribution and the size of good residual compressive stress, thereby can improve the surface property of plate.
Figure 6 shows that and select duplex " dog bone shape " fastener hole fatigue sample for use, the diameter of two centre holes 22 of sample hot spot shock zone is 2mm, coat absorption layer (aluminium foil 0.15mm) and restraint layer (the thick K9 opticglass of 4.5mm) respectively in the shock peening zone, wherein, a centre hole 23 is done independent laser peening and is strengthened, and another centre hole 24 is done laser and the emp composite impact is strengthened, 23,24 experiments of contrast centre hole, sample can rely on and detect impact zone hardness and obtain a result by fatigue experiment after two kinds of different methods described in the embodiment 1 are handled.The hardness ratio that the result draws the test specimen surface impacts zone of independent laser treatment is untreated and improves about 40%, increases by 2～10 times fatigue lifetime.And the hardness ratio of the test specimen of handling through laser and emp composite impact is untreated and improves 70%, increases by 3～15 times fatigue lifetime.As seen, relatively during the independent shot peening strengthening of laser, laser and emp are compound to be handled, and more the highland is improved fatigue property and prevented the generation of fatigue cracking.
Claims (8)
1. composite impact material surface strengthening method, it is characterized in that concrete steps are: send steering order simultaneously to laser controller (2) and emp controller (3) by computer central processing unit (1), make laser apparatus (4) give off laser beam (8) by laser controller (2), change laser beam (8) route by adjustable outside optical system (5) again, the spot size of regulating laser beam (8) with hot spot setting device (6) acts on sample plate (11), start electromagnetic force generation systems (16) by emp controller (3) simultaneously, produce eddy current through emp device (7) again and form the action of a magnetic field in sample plate (11), directly utilize the flexible lamina (10) on intense pulse laser bundle impact specimen plate (11) surface, collection chinaware (14) centre hole that utilizes repetitive frequency pulsed laser to pass emp device (7) makes the test button workpiece stressed; The laser pulse width that laser apparatus (4) sends is 4ns～10ns, and energy is 0J～100J; The spot diameter of the laser beam of regulating through hot spot setting device (6) (8) is 0.2mm～20mm, and the discharge energy of emp device (7) is that 0kJ～100kJ, voltage are that 0.3kV～20kV, electric capacity are 20 μ F～1600 μ F; Sample plate (11) is 2mm～10mm apart from the distance of the emp coil (15) in the emp device (7).
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: when sample plate (11) when being complex-curved, by the rotation of multiaxis coordinate table pivoting controller (13) control multiaxis connection coordinate table (12).
3. realize the described composite impact material surface strengthening device of claim 1 for one kind, comprise computer central processing unit (1), laser apparatus (4) and emp device (7), it is characterized in that: computer central processing unit (1) connects laser apparatus (4), connects emp device (7) with emp controller (3) serial connection electromagnetic force generation systems (16) back with laser controller (2), the laser beam (8) and the close in the same way sample plate (11) of emp device (7) that are sent by laser apparatus (4).
4. device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: described emp device (7) is made up of collection chinaware (14) and emp coil (15), and laser beam (8) passes the centre hole of collection chinaware (14).
5. device according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described electromagnetic force generation systems (16) is made of discharge switch (17), pulse energy storage capacitor group (18), charging switch (19) and charging unit (20), charging unit (20) is to pulse energy storage capacitor group (18) charging, and pulse energy storage capacitor group (18) is discharged to coil (15).
6. device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: at laser apparatus (4) outlet side the direction that outside optical system (5) changes laser beam (8) is installed, connects hot spot setting device (6) between laser apparatus (4) and laser beam (8).
7. device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: go up with flexible lamina (10) at sample plate (11), flexible lamina (10) is made up of restraint layer and absorption layer.
8. device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: sample plate (11) is fixed on the anchor clamps (9) of multiaxis connection coordinate table (12), and computer central processing unit (1) connects multiaxis connection coordinate table (12) with multiaxis coordinate table controller (13).
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