CN101557719A - 牛的饲料组合物 - Google Patents

牛的饲料组合物 Download PDF

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CN101557719A
CN101557719A CNA2006800548594A CN200680054859A CN101557719A CN 101557719 A CN101557719 A CN 101557719A CN A2006800548594 A CNA2006800548594 A CN A2006800548594A CN 200680054859 A CN200680054859 A CN 200680054859A CN 101557719 A CN101557719 A CN 101557719A
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fodder compound
fragment
cereal
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V·斯图德
J·S·德鲁亚尔
U·威斯特
B·德彭布施
R·斯特拉布勒
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Buehler AG
Kansas State University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/33—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from molasses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A23K10/38—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material from distillers' or brewers' waste
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/174—Vitamins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/20—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by moulding, e.g. making cakes or briquettes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/25—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by extrusion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及牛或类似动物的饲料混合物，尤其是喂肥饲料。除了常用成份以外，该饲料组合物还包含高粱和麦秆，尤其是小麦秆，作为玉米、苜蓿和干草的代替物。

Description

牛的饲料组合物
技术领域
本发明涉及牛及类似动物的饲料组合物，尤其是用于喂肥牛的饲料组合物。
背景技术
已知通过挤出来制造动物饲料。DE-A-23 46 830描述了具有酥松结构的柔软的、膨化的并且含脂肪的PET饲料的制造方法，该饲料除脂肪以外还包括含有面粉和蛋白质的原材料。将这些成分混合，并使之具有约20至35重量％的水含量。该混合物在增高的压力下以机械方式彻底混合，并加热至100℃以上的温度，直至该混合物转化为自由流动的状态。随后进行挤出/膨化，从而制造出具有膨化结构和酥松质地的饲料。在根据DE-A-32 22 646的另一种挤出法中，将膨化机中的液体添加剂喷入混合物中，从而添加剂在混合物膨化以后均匀地扩散通过膨化的产品。
DE-A-22 57 108描述了一种饲料，其除了谷物以外还含有干草和青贮饲料以及一种含氮的非蛋白质物质，例如尿素及类似物(15至47.5重量％)，以及吸收液体的惰性物质(例如膨润土Betonit)。该混合物在增加的压力下加热至最高160℃的温度，压缩，然后膨化以制得水含量少于13％的凝胶化产品。应当获得具有中性pH值的饲料。
牛饲料，尤其是用于喂肥牛的牛饲料，具有松散混合物的形式的高比例的玉米、青贮饲料和纤维，包括干草(昂贵的)。动物选择性地忽略该饲料。例如借助蒸煮和制成薄片仅分解玉米，剩余的饲料组分无需进一步制造。
发明内容
本发明的目的是开发用于牛及类似动物的饲料组合物，尤其是用于喂肥的饲料组合物，其在预处理以后无需冷却和干燥，并且均匀、容易消化且营养丰富。应当实现更佳的饲料利用和饲料转化。
本发明的目的通过权利要求1表征的特征来实现。其特征在于，饲料中玉米可以完全被高粱代替。干草可以被麦秆，尤其是被小麦秆代替。
饲料可以机械加工，并短时间高温处理，该处理可以在一个或多个阶段中进行。
低密度的聚集碎块形式的饲料除谷物、高粱、糖蜜、脂肪、维生素、水、矿物质、纤维和其他添加剂以外还可含有0至50％的麦秆，尤其是小麦秆。在碎块尺寸约为1至7cm时，麦秆纤维或干草纤维的长度可以约为1至10cm。
混合饲料的成分，以常规方式进行调节，随后通过膨化和短时间高温处理等使该混合物聚集成碎块。如此获得的营养牛饲料无需后序的干燥或冷却。
该新型产品能够代替传统的饲料。该新型饲料所有成分一起完全被吃掉，并实现更佳的营养吸收和转化，另一方面避免了昂贵的(例如玉米或苜蓿)和/或营养较低的成分。饲料的改善的可消化性和转化率提高了喂肥牛的效率。同样可以用麦秆尤其是小麦秆代替苜蓿。
此外，使用高粱代替玉米产生更小的环境负担，因为在植物生长时高粱需要明显更少的水。
可以制造具有高的纤维比例的催肥产物以及具有很低的麦秆纤维比例的喂肥饲料，因为碎块的形式可以接受干草纤维或麦秆纤维在瘤胃中的单纯目的(机械刺激)。因此，该纤维的使用可以被完全省略。
具体实施方式
下面在实施例中更详细地阐述本发明。
将包含谷物成分、维生素、矿物质和/或其他添加剂的预混物在混合机内混合，并达到剂量平衡。
由此通过将水6和蒸汽5进入另一个用于机械热处理的设备中而得到混合物，该设备中还可加入其他添加剂，例如小麦秆、脂肪和糖蜜。随后，经调节的混合物聚集成具有低密度和高孔隙率的碎块。
示例性地制造的碎块具有300至600g/l的密度，并且含有约0至50％的麦秆。水含量为18至25％。碎块中麦秆纤维的长度为1至7cm。
碎块的尺寸约为1至7cm，并且很适合用作浓缩饲料(Kraftfutter)，并且仅具有小的细粒级。糖和淀粉成分被凝胶化，并与其他成分结合在一起。
下面描述示例性的饲料组合物：
A.获得饲料
Figure A20068005485900051
谷物，30至60％
粗纤维(麦秆、干草及类似物)，20至50％
Disttilers’谷粒(谷物糟粕)，最多20％
糖蜜或玉米浆，最多5％
Figure A20068005485900055
尿素，最多1％
Figure A20068005485900056
大豆粉，2至4％
Figure A20068005485900057
维生素/矿物质预混物，1％
B.喂肥饲料
Figure A20068005485900058
谷物，78至85％
粗纤维(麦秆、干草及类似物)，3至8％
Figure A200680054859000510
Disttilers’谷粒(谷物糟粕)，最多25％
Figure A20068005485900061
糖蜜或玉米浆，3至6％
Figure A20068005485900062
动物油脂，2至4％
Figure A20068005485900063
尿素，最多1.5％
Figure A20068005485900064
大豆粉，2至4％
Figure A20068005485900065
维生素
碎块的形式和孔隙率与目前使用干草或麦秆的效果相同。
由于更好的转化，该饲料同样也产生更少的粪便和液体粪。

Claims (6)

1、牛及类似动物的饲料组合物，尤其是喂肥饲料，其经过机械和热处理，形成聚集的碎块，并且含有水、谷物成份、脂肪、糖蜜、维生素、矿物质和/或其他添加剂以及0至50％的麦秆，谷物和淀粉成份由高粱形成，而麦秆是在饲料组合物中的比例为0至50％的小麦秆。
2、根据权利要求1的饲料组合物，其特征在于，所述碎块的密度为300至600g/l。
3、根据权利要求1或2的饲料组合物，其特征在于水含量为18至25％。
4、根据权利要求1至3之一的饲料组合物，其特征在于，所述碎块中麦秆纤维的长度为1至7cm。
5、根据权利要求1至4之一的饲料组合物的用途，其特征在于用作催肥饲料，并且含有最多50％的麦秆，尤其是小麦秆。
6、根据权利要求1至4之一的饲料组合物的用途，其特征在于用作抚育饲料，并且仅含有少量直至不含麦秆。
CNA2006800548594A 2006-06-06 2006-10-02 牛的饲料组合物 Pending CN101557719A (zh)

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DE102006026512A DE102006026512A1 (de) 2006-06-06 2006-06-06 Futterzusammensetzung für Rinder

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CN107568479A (zh) * 2017-10-30 2018-01-12 山东省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所 无玉米和豆粕的低成本育肥肉牛精料补充料
CN107647119A (zh) * 2017-10-09 2018-02-02 无为鑫绿园畜禽养殖有限公司 一种促生长家禽牛饲料

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CN107568479A (zh) * 2017-10-30 2018-01-12 山东省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所 无玉米和豆粕的低成本育肥肉牛精料补充料
CN107568479B (zh) * 2017-10-30 2020-07-21 山东省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所 无玉米和豆粕的低成本育肥肉牛精料补充料

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DE102006026512A1 (de) 2007-12-13
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