CN101537501B - 氧化物涂覆的切削刀片 - Google Patents
氧化物涂覆的切削刀片 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000712 Boron steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种切削工具刀片，其包括由硬质合金、金属陶瓷、陶瓷、立方氮化硼基材料或高速钢构成的硬合金基体，和硬质耐磨涂层，所述涂层包括一层或几层，其中的至少一层是(Al，Cr)2O3层。本发明对于铸铁的机械加工特别有用。具有2-20μm的总厚度的所述涂层包括一层或几层，其中的至少一层是厚度为1-5μm、具有刚玉相晶体结构、且组成为(Al1-yCry)2O3(其中0.4≤y≤0.6)的(Al，Cr)2O3层。所述(Al，Cr)2O3层进一步的特征是具有纤维织构，所述纤维织构沿着所涂覆表面的法线方向呈旋转对称，基面相对于所涂覆表面法线的倾角为
或极坐标中最高峰对应的倾角为
其中
这是通过例如电子背散射衍射(EBSD)或者X射线衍射(XRD)所测定的。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于通过排屑来进行机械加工的工具，其包括由硬质合金、金属陶瓷、陶瓷、立方氮化硼基材料或高速钢构成的硬合金基体，和硬质耐磨氧化物，该工具被设计用来优选在高的切削速度下机械加工铸铁。所述涂层由一层或多层构成，其中的至少一层是织构化的物理气相沉积(PVD)的刚玉相含铬氧化铝(Al，Cr)2O3。
背景技术
在例如EP 603144、EP 1528125、EP 1477581、EP 659153、EP1655387、EP 659903、EP 738336、EP 1655388、EP 1655392、US 2007/104945、US 2004/202877中公开了用化学气相沉积(CVD)制造的织构化的α-Al2O3层。
EP 1479791公开了由硬质合金或金属陶瓷、和硬质涂层构成的切削工具；其中的硬质涂层含有由CVD形成的α-Al2O3层，该α-Al2O3层在测量α-Al2O3的基面相对于表面法线的倾角时在0-10度的范围具有最高峰，这是通过电子背散射衍射(EBSD)所测定。
EP 744473公开了由PVD制造的织构化的γ-Al2O3层。
US 5310607公开了含有(Al，Cr)2O3晶体、以及铬含量高于5at％的涂层，其中(Al，Cr)2O3是单晶体。该涂层是在低于900℃的温度下沉积的。该硬质涂层是用CVD或PVD工艺来沉积的。
当使用涂覆有氧化铝的硬质合金工具来机械加工钢时，切削边缘根据不同的磨损机制被磨损，诸如化学磨损、磨料磨损、粘着磨损，和由沿着切削刃形成的裂纹而引发的崩刃。任何一种磨损机制的支配程度均是由其应用情况所决定的，并且依赖于被加工的材料的特性、所应用的切削参数和工具材料的特性。通常，同时改进所有的工具特性是非常困难的，商售的硬质合金等级已通常针对一种或几种上述的磨损类型进行了优化，并因此而优选用于特定的应用领域。这可以，例如，通过控制氧化铝层的织构来实现。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供涂覆有耐磨硬质氧化物的切削工具，其对于铸铁的机械加工具有提高的性能表现。
根据本发明的切削工具刀片包含由硬质合金、金属陶瓷、陶瓷、立方氮化硼基材料或高速钢构成的硬合金基体，包括具有优异的金属加工特性的刚玉相(Al，Cr)2O3的织构化氧化物层。
附图说明
图1a示出了标记有a-轴(100)、b-轴(010)、和c-轴(001)的六方晶结构的示意图。
图1b示出了标记有所涂覆表面(S)，六方晶结构(图1a)的c-轴(001)的内倾角
和外倾角
和所涂覆表面的法线(n)的纤维织构的示意图。
图2示出了沉积室的示意性侧视图，显示了：(1)真空室，(2a)阴极材料A，(2b)阴极材料B，(3)夹紧装置，(4)用于偏压的电源，(5a)阴极电弧电源，(5b)阴极电弧电源，(6)工艺气体的入口，和(7)用于真空泵的出口。
图3示出了根据本发明的涂层断开的横截面的次级模式的扫描电子显微镜图。(A)基体，(B)粘合层，(C)(Al，Cr)O层，(D)(Al，Cr)N层，和(E)TiN层。
图4示出了织构化的(Al，Cr)2O3层的X射线衍射图案。用实线标记硬质合金的峰，而用虚线标记由(Al，Cr)2O3引起的峰。
图5示出了根据本发明的(Al，Cr)2O3层的(A)(001)的极图，和(B)(001)的极坐标曲线图。
具体实施方式
根据本发明，提供一种用于通过排屑来进行机械加工的切削工具，在铸铁的金属切削方面特别有效，其包括由硬质合金、金属陶瓷、陶瓷、立方氮化硼基材料或高速钢构成的硬合金基体，在该基体上沉积有涂层，所述涂层包括：
根据现有技术，优选例如TiN或(Al，Cr)N的第一(最内侧的)粘合层(图3(B))，厚度优选小于0.5μm。
具有0.4≤y≤0.6的(Al1-yCry)2O3层，优选y＝0.5，厚度为0.5-10μm、优选为1-5μm、最优选为2-4μm，具有织构化的柱状晶粒。该(Al.Cr)2O3层具有通过PVD形成的刚玉结构，和纤维织构，所述纤维织构沿着所涂覆表面的法线方向呈旋转对称，基面相对于所涂覆表面法线的倾角为
(图1b)(图5A)、或极坐标中最高峰对应的倾角为
(图5B)，其中
优选
这是通过例如电子背散射衍射(EBSD)或者X射线衍射(XRD)所测定的。
所述(Al，Cr)O层具有-4.5＜σ＜-0.5Gpa、优选为-3.0＜σ＜-1.0Gpa的压应力水平。
(Al1-yCry)2O3的组分y是通过例如EDS或WDS所测定的。
所述基体根据现有技术可以进一步涂覆有例如TiN、TiC、Ti(C，N)、(Al，Cr)N或(Ti，Al)N、优选为(Ti，Al)N、(Al，Cr)N的内侧单一层和/或多层涂层，和/或例如TiN、TiC、Ti(C，N)、(Al，Cr)N或(Ti，Al)N、优选为(Ti，Al)N、(Al，Cr)N的外侧单一层和/或多层涂层，涂覆的总厚度为1至20μm、优选为1至10μm、以及特别优选为2至7μm。
用于本发明涂层的沉积方法是基于合金或复合阴极在下列条件下的阴极电弧蒸发：(Al，Cr)2O3层使用具有在(40at％Al+60at％Cr)和(60at％Al+40at％Cr)之间、优选在(45at％Al+55at％Cr)和(55at％Al+45at％Cr)之间的组分的Al+Cr-阴极来生长。根据阴极的尺寸，蒸发电流是在50A到200A之间，并优选使用直径为63mm的阴极时蒸发电流在60A到90A之间。所述层是在Ar+O2的气氛中生长的、优选在纯O2的气氛中生长，在1.0Pa至5.0Pa的总压力下、优选为1.0Pa至3.5Pa。偏压是-50V至-200V、优选为-100V至-150V。沉积温度是在400℃至600℃之间、优选为400℃至500℃。
本发明也涉及根据上面描述的切削工具刀片用于铸铁的机械加工的应用，其中使用75-600m/分钟、优选150-500m/分钟的切削速度，根据切削速度和刀片几何形状，在铣削的情况下，使用0.08-0.5mm、优选0.1-0.4mm每齿的平均送进量。
实施例1
级别A：使用具有组分为5wt％Co和余量的WC的硬质合金刀片。
在沉积前，将该刀片在碱溶液和酒精的超声波浴中清洗。系统被抽真空至低于2.0×10-3Pa的压力，之后将该刀片用Ar离子溅射清洗。首先是，生长0.2μm厚的TiN的粘合层，接着是2.5μm厚的织构化的(Al，Cr)2O3层，其是通过使用直径为63mm的合金化(50at％Al+50at％Cr)阴极(图2a中的位置(2a)和(2b))的阴极电弧蒸发来生长的，在99.995％的纯O2气氛中、在2Pa的总压下、和约450℃的沉积温度下沉积至3μm的总涂层厚度。沉积过程中，蒸发电流为75A，偏压保持在-75V。最后，涂覆由0.3μm(Al，Cr)N和0.2μmTiN构成的顶部彩色涂层。
在图3中显示涂层断开的横截面SEM显微图，其中(A)基体，(B)粘合层，(C)(Al，Cr)O层，(D)(Al，Cr)N层，和(E)TiN层。
所沉积的层的XRD图案是使用CuKα-射线和θ-2θ配置结构来获得的。图4显示了根据本发明的具有织构化的刚玉相氧化铝(Al，Cr)2O3层的涂层的XRD图案。用虚线标记由(Al，Cr)2O3引起的峰，而用实线标记硬质合金的峰。
所沉积的刚玉相氧化铝(Al，Cr)2O3层在c-轴(001)方向(图1a)的EBSD极图(图5(A))和极坐标曲线图(图5(B)分别显示了沿着所涂覆表面的法线(图1b)方向以基面相对于所涂覆表面法线的40°到70°之间的倾角
(图1b)的纤维织构(旋转对称)。极坐标中最高峰是在58°附近。EBSD数据是使用配备有HKL Nordlys II EBSD探测仪的LEO Ultra 55扫描电子显微镜、在20KV下操作获得的，并用Channel 5软件计算得出。
(Al，Cr)2O3涂层的残余应力σ是通过使用sin2ψ法的XRD测量计算得出的。该测量是使用CrKα-射线在(Al，Cr)2O3的(116)反射上进行的。残余应力值为2.5±0.3GPa，这是使用v＝0.26的泊松比和E＝420GPa的杨氏模量所计算得出的。
(Al1-yCry)2O3组分y＝0.50，这是通过使用带有Thermo Noran EDS探测仪的LEO Ultra 55扫描电子显微镜在10KV下操作的能量散射谱(EDS)分析来评测的。该数据是使用Noran System Six(NSS ver 2)软件计算得出的。
实施例2
级别B：根据现有技术，在具有组分为5wt％Co和余量的WC的硬质合金刀片上，通过PVD沉积了3.0μm的Ti0.34Al0.66N层。
实施例3
级别C：根据现有技术，在具有组分为5wt％Co和余量的WC的硬质合金刀片上，通过CVD沉积了由3.0μm的Ti(C，N)+3μm的alfa-Al2O3所构成的涂层。
实施例4
在铸铁的机械加工中，测试级别A、B和C。
| 操作 | 车削 |
| 材料 | SS0732 |
| 刀片类型 | CNMG 120408-MR7 |
| 切削速度 | 325m/分钟 |
| 进给 | 0.3mm |
| 切削深度 | 2.5mm |
| 结果 | 工具寿命(分钟) |
| 级别A(根据本发明的级别) | 12.1 |
| 级别B | 失败 |
| 级别C | 10.4 |
测试是在相同的最大侧面磨损时停止的。使用根据本发明的级别，耐磨损性得到很大改进。
实施例5
在铸铁的机械加工中，测试级别A、B和C。
| 操作 | 断续车削 |
| 材料 | SS0732 |
| 刀片类型 | CNMG 120408-MR7 |
| 切削速度 | 300m/分钟 |
| 进给 | 0.3mm |
| 切削深度 | 2.5mm |
| 结果 | 工具寿命(周次) |
| 级别A(根据本发明的级别) | 15 |
| 级别B | 2 |
| 级别C | 14 |
测试是在相同的最大侧面磨损时停止的。使用根据本发明的级别，耐磨损性得到很大改进。
Claims (23)
1.切削工具的刀片，包括由硬质合金、金属陶瓷、陶瓷、立方氮化硼基材料或高速钢构成的硬合金基体，和硬质耐磨涂层，所述涂层包括一层或几层，其中的至少一层是(Al，Cr)2O3层，其特征在于所述(Al，Cr)2O3层具有刚玉相晶体结构，组分为(Al1-yCry)2O3，其中0.4≤y≤0.6，厚度为0.5-10μm，并且所述(Al，Cr)2O3层具有纤维织构，所述纤维织构沿着所涂覆表面的法线方向呈旋转对称，并且所述刚玉相晶体结构的基面相对于所涂覆表面法线的倾角为
2.根据权利要求1所述的切削工具的刀片，其特征在于，所述基面相对于所涂覆表面法线的倾角
是
3.根据权利要求1所述的切削工具的刀片，其特征在于，所述层具有-4.5＜σ＜-0.5GPa的残余应力。
4.根据权利要求1所述的切削工具的刀片，其特征在于，所述层是用PVD沉积的。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的切削工具的刀片，其特征在于，所述基体涂覆有内侧单一层和/或多层涂层，和/或外侧单一层和/或多层涂层，涂覆的总涂层厚度为1至20μm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的切削工具的刀片，其特征在于，y＝0.5。
7.根据权利要求1所述的切削工具的刀片，其特征在于，厚度为1-5μm。
8.根据权利要求3所述的切削工具的刀片，其特征在于，所述层具有-3.0＜σ＜-1.0GPa的残余应力。
9.根据权利要求4所述的切削工具的刀片，其特征在于，所述层是用阴极电弧蒸发沉积的。
10.根据权利要求5所述的切削工具的刀片，其特征在于，涂覆的总涂层厚度为1至10μm。
11.根据权利要求5所述的切削工具的刀片，其特征在于，所述内侧单一层和/或多层涂层为TiN、TiC、Ti(C，N)、(Al，Cr)N或(Ti，Al)N。
12.根据权利要求5所述的切削工具的刀片，其特征在于，所述内侧单一层和/或多层涂层为(Ti，Al)N、(Al，Cr)N。
13.根据权利要求5所述的切削工具的刀片，其特征在于，所述外侧单一层和/或多层涂层为TiN、TiC、Ti(C，N)、(Al，Cr)N或(Ti，Al)N。
14.根据权利要求5所述的切削工具的刀片，其特征在于，所述外侧单一层和/或多层涂层为(Ti，Al)N、(Al，Cr)N。
15.制造根据权利要求1所述的切削工具的刀片的方法，其特征在于，使用具有在40at％Al+60at％Cr和60at％Al+40at％Cr之间的组分的Al+Cr-阴极，在以下条件下通过阴极电弧蒸发来沉积(Al，Cr)2O3层：根据阴极的尺寸蒸发电流是在50A到200A之间，在Ar+O2的气氛中，在1.0Pa至5.0Pa的总压力下，偏压是-50V至-200V，沉积温度是在400℃至600℃之间。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其特征在于，Al+Cr-阴极的组分在45at％Al+55at％Cr和55at％Al+45at％Cr之间。
17.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其特征在于，气氛为纯O2。
18.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其特征在于，总压力在1.0Pa至3.5Pa。
19.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其特征在于，偏压为-100V至-150V。
20.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其特征在于，沉积温度在400℃至500℃。
21.根据权利要求1-14所述的切削工具的刀片的用途，用于铸铁的机械加工，条件如下：使用75-600m/分钟的切削速度，根据切削速度和刀片几何形状，在铣削的情况下，使用0.08-0.5mm每齿的平均进给量。
22.根据权利要求21所述的切削工具的刀片的用途，切削速度为150-500m/分钟。
23.根据权利要求21所述的切削工具的刀片的用途，每齿的平均进给量为0.1-0.4mm。
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| SE532049C2 (sv) * | 2008-03-07 | 2009-10-13 | Seco Tools Ab | Oxidbelagt skärverktygsskär för spånavskiljande bearbetning av stål |
| SE532048C2 (sv) * | 2008-03-07 | 2009-10-13 | Seco Tools Ab | Oxidbelagt skärverktygsskär för spånavskiljande bearbetning av stål |
| SE532050C2 (sv) * | 2008-03-07 | 2009-10-13 | Seco Tools Ab | Oxidbelagt skärverktygsskär för spånavskiljande bearbetning av stål |
| CN102242336B (zh) * | 2011-06-24 | 2013-02-13 | 清华大学 | 一种降低硬质薄膜应力的薄膜制备方法 |
| JP5305056B1 (ja) | 2012-05-16 | 2013-10-02 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | 立方晶窒化ほう素基焼結体製切削工具 |
| US20200263290A1 (en) * | 2017-09-15 | 2020-08-20 | Oerlikon Surface Solutions Ag, Pfäffikon | Al-Cr-O-BASED COATINGS WITH HIGHER THERMAL STABILITY AND PRODUCING METHOD THEREOF |
| CN109321798A (zh) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-02-12 | 湖南工业大学 | 一种硬质合金刀具涂层材料及其制备方法 |
| CN112281115B (zh) * | 2020-10-30 | 2023-04-07 | 贵州大学 | 一种低温下获得的晶态立方三氧化二铝铬稳定结构涂层及其制备方法 |
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| EP1726390A1 (en) * | 2004-03-18 | 2006-11-29 | Sumitomo Electric Hardmetal Corp. | Surface-coated cutting tool |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN101537501A (zh) | 2009-09-23 |
| SE532047C2 (sv) | 2009-10-13 |
| US7989059B2 (en) | 2011-08-02 |
| EP2098612A3 (en) | 2013-05-29 |
| US20110250030A1 (en) | 2011-10-13 |
| US8075743B2 (en) | 2011-12-13 |
| EP2098612A2 (en) | 2009-09-09 |
| US20090226274A1 (en) | 2009-09-10 |
| SE0800540L (sv) | 2009-09-08 |
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