CN101517886A - 电机驱动设备 - Google Patents

电机驱动设备 Download PDF

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CN101517886A
CN101517886A CNA2007800349218A CN200780034921A CN101517886A CN 101517886 A CN101517886 A CN 101517886A CN A2007800349218 A CNA2007800349218 A CN A2007800349218A CN 200780034921 A CN200780034921 A CN 200780034921A CN 101517886 A CN101517886 A CN 101517886A
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voltage
motor
driving apparatus
motor driving
battery
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戴维·J·霍克
乔治·F·P·奥卡姆
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Dyson Technology Ltd
Dyson Ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L9/00—Details or accessories of suction cleaners, e.g. mechanical means for controlling the suction or for effecting pulsating action; Storing devices specially adapted to suction cleaners or parts thereof; Carrying-vehicles specially adapted for suction cleaners
    • A47L9/28—Installation of the electric equipment, e.g. adaptation or attachment to the suction cleaner; Controlling suction cleaners by electric means
    • A47L9/2805—Parameters or conditions being sensed
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L9/00—Details or accessories of suction cleaners, e.g. mechanical means for controlling the suction or for effecting pulsating action; Storing devices specially adapted to suction cleaners or parts thereof; Carrying-vehicles specially adapted for suction cleaners
    • A47L9/28—Installation of the electric equipment, e.g. adaptation or attachment to the suction cleaner; Controlling suction cleaners by electric means
    • A47L9/2868—Arrangements for power supply of vacuum cleaners or the accessories thereof
    • A47L9/2884—Details of arrangements of batteries or their installation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L5/00—Structural features of suction cleaners
    • A47L5/12—Structural features of suction cleaners with power-driven air-pumps or air-compressors, e.g. driven by motor vehicle engine vacuum
    • A47L5/22—Structural features of suction cleaners with power-driven air-pumps or air-compressors, e.g. driven by motor vehicle engine vacuum with rotary fans
    • A47L5/24—Hand-supported suction cleaners
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L9/00—Details or accessories of suction cleaners, e.g. mechanical means for controlling the suction or for effecting pulsating action; Storing devices specially adapted to suction cleaners or parts thereof; Carrying-vehicles specially adapted for suction cleaners
    • A47L9/28—Installation of the electric equipment, e.g. adaptation or attachment to the suction cleaner; Controlling suction cleaners by electric means
    • A47L9/2836—Installation of the electric equipment, e.g. adaptation or attachment to the suction cleaner; Controlling suction cleaners by electric means characterised by the parts which are controlled
    • A47L9/2842—Suction motors or blowers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P7/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors
    • H02P7/06—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current
    • H02P7/18—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power
    • H02P7/24—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02P7/28—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P7/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors
    • H02P7/06—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current
    • H02P7/18—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power
    • H02P7/24—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02P7/28—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices
    • H02P7/285—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices controlling armature supply only
    • H02P7/29—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices controlling armature supply only using pulse modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P7/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors
    • H02P7/06—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current
    • H02P7/18—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power
    • H02P7/24—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02P7/28—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices
    • H02P7/285—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices controlling armature supply only
    • H02P7/29—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices controlling armature supply only using pulse modulation
    • H02P7/291—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices controlling armature supply only using pulse modulation with on-off control between two set points, e.g. controlling by hysteresis
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electric Vacuum Cleaner (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Power Steering Mechanism (AREA)
  • Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)
  • Control Of Direct Current Motors (AREA)
  • Nozzles For Electric Vacuum Cleaners (AREA)
  • Filters For Electric Vacuum Cleaners (AREA)
  • Seal Device For Vehicle (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种用于清洁器具(100)的电机驱动设备(10)，包括电池电源(12)和功率控制器(16)。该电池电源(12)适于并布置为以具有第一电压(V1)的输出(S1)来供应到功率控制器(16)。该第一电压(V1)在电池电源(12)放电时下降。且该功率控制器(16)适于并布置为调制输出(S1)，以产生用于驱动电机(14)的驱动信号(S2)。该驱动信号(S2)具有第二电压(V2)和可变的占空比。功率控制器(16)适于并布置为在第一电压下(V1)降时增加驱动信号(S2)的占空比，以便以将第二电压(V2)维持在大致恒定的每单位时间的平均值。通过提供上述装置，电机(14)可在电池(12)的可用运行期间得到恒定的电压供应。当形成具有电机(14)的清洁器具(100)的一部分时，上述装置允许电机(14)在电池(12)的整个运行时间内以大致恒定的速度运行，使得清洁性能更一致。

Description

电机驱动设备
技术领域
本发明涉及用于清洁器具的电机驱动设备。特别是，但非排他地，本发明涉及用于手持真空吸尘器的电机驱动设备。
背景技术
手持真空吸尘器是公知的且已经制造并销售了数年。通常，手持真空吸尘器包括本体，该本体承装电机和用于产生气流的风扇单元。气流经由入口进入真空吸尘器。诸如过滤器、袋子或旋风分离器这样的分离器位于入口下游，以将灰尘和脏物从气流中分离。这种类型的真空吸尘器的例子现实与GB 1 207 278中。
对于手持真空吸尘器来说通常是电池供电的。在许多情况下，提供可再充电电池(rechargeable battery)。但是，已知的电池供电真空吸尘器的缺点是通过电池供应的电压在使用中显著地下降。进而，电压下降的速率由于存留在电池中的电荷的减少而增加。电池电压的降低会导致电机速度的降低，导致通过真空吸尘器的气流减少且相应地降低真空吸尘器的清洁性能。对于使用者来说不方便，因为真空吸尘器执行低效的清洁操作。
JP 2001-353111披露了一种用于驱动真空吸尘器电机的可再充电电池装置。该装置可补偿当电池在使用中耗电时通过电池供应的电流的减少。这是在来自电池的电流减少时通过改变电流的占空比以便向电机供应恒定的电流来实现的。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种电机驱动设备，其在电池的可用时间内使得清洁器具维持良好的清洁性能。本发明的进一步目的是提供一种电机驱动设备，其能将大致恒定的电压从电池供应到电机，以便在电池的可用时间内将手持真空吸尘器的清洁性能保持大致恒定。
本发明提供一种用于清洁器具的电机驱动设备，包括电池电源和功率控制器，该电池电源适于并布置为以具有第一电压的输出来供应功率控制器，该第一电压在电池电源放电时下降，且该功率控制器适于并布置为调制该输出，以产生用于驱动电机的驱动信号，该驱动信号具有第二电压和可变的占空比，其中，功率控制器适于并布置为在第一电压下降时增加驱动信号的占空比，以便以将第二电压维持在大致恒定的每单位时间平均值。通过提供上述装置，电机可在电池的可用运行期间得到恒定的电压供应。当形成为具有电机的清洁器具的一部分时，上述装置允许电机在电池的整个运行时间内以大致恒定的速度运行，使得清洁性能更一致。
进而，通过电池供应的最大可用电压可在占空比的“打开”阶段(“on”period)被电机使用，而在占空比的“关闭”阶段没有电力从电池供应。因此，可将大致恒定的电压供应到电机，而不需要例如在电池电压高于所需电压时在可变电阻上消耗过多的电压。这可实现更高的效率和增进的电池寿命。此外，本发明的设备比诸如开关模式电源这样的替换设备更便宜和简单。
优选的是，功率控制器适于并布置为在占空比达到预定值时将电机关闭。通过提供这种设备，功率控制器可确定电池中的电荷是否已经达到需要将第二电压维持在大致恒定的每单位时间平均值的最小值。超过该点而运行会导致电池不能供应所需电压来维持清洁器具的清洁性能。因此，需要在清洁器具的清洁性能降低之前在这点处将电机关闭。
更优选的是，预定值为100％。当占空比达到100％时，电力连续地从电池送出，以便维持所需的清洁性能。因此，如果电池继续消耗，则第二电压将降低到需要维持清洁性能的最小值以下。结果，功率控制器布置为在电荷从电池中进一步消耗且清洁性能下降之前将电机关闭。
优选地，电池电源包括至少一个锂离子单电池(cell)。锂离子单电池具有高荷质比，使得它们对于手持器具来说是理想的。
优选的是，第一电压等于第二电压。通过提供这种设备，当产生驱动信号来驱动电机时不需要修改输出的电压幅度。这消除了对变压器或电压调节器的需要，这些部件体积大且效率不高。
附图说明
现在将参考所附附图对本发明的实施例进行描述，在附图中：
图1是显示了根据本发明的电机驱动设备的简化电路图；
图2是来自图1电机驱动设备的输出和驱动信号的电压-时间图；
图3显示了图2所示的A点处驱动信号的占空比。；
图4显示了图2所示的B点处的驱动信号的占空比；
图5显示了图2所示的C点处的驱动信号的占空比；
图6显示了针对电池输出电压绘制的驱动信号占空比的图；
图7为包括有根据本发明的电机驱动设备的手持真空吸尘器的立视图。
具体实施方式
图1显示了根据本发明的电机驱动设备10。该电机驱动设备10包括可再充电电池12、电机14和功率控制器16。电机驱动设备10还包括功率金属氧化物场效应晶体管(功率MOSFET)18，该晶体管与电池12并联并与电机14串联。功率MOSFET18具有源极、漏极和栅极(未示出)并用作电池12的正负端子之间的开关。
功率控制器16连结到功率MOSFET 18的栅极。该栅极可被开闭(switched)以便控制功率MOSFET 18的源极和漏极之间的电流流动。功率控制器16使用正时信号(timing signal)T使栅极开闭(switched)，该信号具有4kHz的频率且通过功率控制器16来设定占空比(duty cycle)。在功率控制器16的控制下，正时信号T采用一系列的波“包”或脉冲(在状态上)的形式，具有在其之间的“死时间”(关闭状态)。死时间通过占空比来确定，该占空比是脉冲宽度对周期的比。
电池12包括六个锂离子单电池。每个锂离子单电池可在安全充电时产生4.1V的电压。六个锂离子单电池在完全充电时产生具有24.6V电压的组合输出信号S1。
电机14具有风扇单元(未示出)，用于产生气流。该电机14和风扇单元需要16.2V的电压，以便有效地运行。电机14的进一步构造细节对本发明来说并不重要，因而不再进一步讨论。在该实施例中，电机14布置为被驱动信号S2驱动。驱动信号S2通过使用被正时信号T控制的功率MOSFET18调制输出信号S1来产生。因此，驱动信号S2具有的频率和占空比与正时信号T的频率和占空比相同。驱动信号S2具有等于输出信号S1的电压V1的最大电压。但是，因为驱动信号S2被调制，所以驱动信号S2也具有每单位时间的平均电压V2。在该实施例中，每单位时间的平均电压V2等于用于驱动电机14的最小允许电压，其为16.2V。
在运行中，电池12在电池12完全充电时产生具有24.6V的电压V1的输出信号S1。当负载连接到电池12时，电流从电源12处出来且存储在其中电荷开始消除。随着电荷消耗，通过电池12产生的电压V1将降低。对于恒定负载的电压V1的时间依赖性显示于图2中。如图2所示，最初电压V1降低很慢。但是，当仅有少量电荷存在于电池12中时，电压V1更快速地下降，直到电池12完全放电。供应到电机14的每单位时间的平均电压V2显示于图2中。可以看到，每单位时间的平均电压V2是恒定的直到电机14在时间X处被关掉。这将在后文描述。每单位时间的平均电压V2的幅度通过驱动信号S2占空比来确定。
图3到5显示了占空比随着输出信号S1的电压V1的变化。图3显示了在图2所示的A点处的驱动信号S2。驱动信号S2具有脉冲宽度w1和周期p。如图3所示，每个脉冲“包”的峰值电压等于输出S1的电压V1。在A点处，电池12完全被充电且输出信号S1具有24.6V的最大电压V1。在这种情况下，功率控制器16改变驱动信号S2的占空比(其中占空比等于w1/p)，以使得每单位时间的平均电压V2等于16.2V。这对应于65％的占空比。所需占空比也可用V2/V1的比来计算。
图4显示了在B点(图2)处的驱动信号S2的占空比。在这点处，驱动信号S2具有脉冲宽度w2和等于w2/p的占空比。在B点处，输出S1的电压V1已经降到18V。因此，驱动信号S2的峰值电压是18V。结果，所需占空比增加到90％，以便将每单位时间的平均电压V2维持在16.2V的所需值。
图5显示了在C点处(图2)的驱动信号S2的占空比。在C点处，输出S1的电压V1已经下降到最小允许值16.2V。因此，驱动信号S2的峰值电压为16.2V且所需占空比为100％。在这种情况下，功率控制器16检测到占空比已经达到100％的最大值且在时间X处关闭电机14(图2)。这是因为，在电池12中没有足够的电荷来维持驱动信号S2的每单位时间平均电压V2在所需的16.2V，以便让电机14在大致恒定的速度下运行。
图6显示了占空比随着电池14的输出信号S1的电压V1的改变。可以看到，占空比与电压V1成比例且连续可变。通过以这种方式改变占空比，供应到电机14的驱动信号S2的每单位时间平均电压V2维持在16.2的预定恒定值。
图7显示了包括有根据本发明的电机驱动设备10的手持真空吸尘器100。手持真空吸尘器100具有主体112，该主体承装电机14(未显示在图7)中和风扇单元(未示出)。该主体112还包括具有电池12的电池组114.。把手116设置在主体112上，用于在使用中操作手持真空吸尘器100。旋风分离设备118附接到主体112。入口管120从旋风分离设备118的远离主体112的一部分延伸。脏空气入口122形成在入口管120的末端。一套排气口126设置在主体112上，用于从手持真空吸尘器100排放空气。
在使用中，电机和风扇单元将通过入口管120带有灰尘和脏物的空气流抽入到脏空气入口122并进入到旋风分离设备118。旋风分离设备118从气流中分离灰尘和脏物。干净的气流随后流过电机14并流出排气口126。
旋风分离器比过滤器或袋子分离器更不容易被灰尘和脏物堵住。因此，使用与本发明的电机驱动设备结合的旋风分离器能得到一种能在电池可用时间内维持良好清洁效果的手持清洁器具。
本发明并不限于上述实施例的具体形式。例如，电机不需要形成电机驱动设备的一部分且可以是分离的部件。此外，驱动信号不需要通过功率MOSFET来开闭而是可以使用其他类型的机械或电开关。
此外，驱动信号不需要具有与电池输出相同的最大幅度。两个电池可以联接，以给出更大的驱动信号，或是可以使用变压器的形式。
此外，电机可以在不同于100％的占空比处关闭。例如，电机可以在较低的占空比下关闭。进而，电机的关闭可以通过其他因素来确定，例如，来自电池的输出电压、驱动信号的每单位时间平均电压、电池的温度或电机的旋转速度。这些额外的因素可以被用于替代占空比测量或作为占空比测量的补充。
本发明可应用到所有类型的清洁器具，例如立式和筒式真空吸尘器、地板抛光器、地板清扫器和干/湿机器。重要的是，电机驱动设备适于并布置为在电池供应的电压降低时以恒定的电压驱动电机。

Claims (10)

1、一种用于清洁器具的电机驱动设备，包括电池电源和功率控制器，该电池电源适于并布置为以具有第一电压的输出来供应到功率控制器，该第一电压在电池电源放电时下降，且该功率控制器适于并布置为调制该输出，以产生用于驱动电机的驱动信号，该驱动信号具有第二电压和可变的占空比，其中，功率控制器适于并布置为在第一电压下降时增加驱动信号的占空比，以便将第二电压维持在大致恒定的每单位时间的平均值。
2、如权利要求1所述的电机驱动设备，其中，功率控制器适于并布置为在占空比到达预定值时将电机关闭。
3、如权利要求2所述的电机驱动设备，其中，该预定值为100％。
4、如任一前述权利要求所述的电机驱动设备，其中，该电池电源包括至少一个锂离子单电池。
5、如任一前述权利要求所述的电机驱动设备，其中，所述第一电压等于所述第二电压。
6、如任一前述权利要求所述的电机驱动设备，还包括具有风扇的电机。
7、一种电机驱动设备，是参考附图而在前文描述的。
8、一种清洁器具，包括如任一前述权利要求所述的电机驱动设备。
9、如权利要求8或9所述的清洁器具，其中，所述清洁器具包括旋风分离器。
10、如权利要求8或9所述的清洁器具，其中，所述清洁器具为手持真空吸尘器。
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