CN101508622A - Coal powder entrance structure applied to reactor for producing acetylene with plasma coal cracking - Google Patents
Coal powder entrance structure applied to reactor for producing acetylene with plasma coal cracking Download PDFInfo
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- CN101508622A CN101508622A CNA2009100800985A CN200910080098A CN101508622A CN 101508622 A CN101508622 A CN 101508622A CN A2009100800985 A CNA2009100800985 A CN A2009100800985A CN 200910080098 A CN200910080098 A CN 200910080098A CN 101508622 A CN101508622 A CN 101508622A
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims description 25
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 title abstract description 22
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 abstract description 46
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000005997 Calcium carbide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- CLZWAWBPWVRRGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-[2-[2-[2-[bis[2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-5-bromophenoxy]ethoxy]-4-methyl-n-[2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-2-oxoethyl]anilino]acetate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N(CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)C(OCCOC=2C(=CC=C(Br)C=2)N(CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)=C1 CLZWAWBPWVRRGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001347978 Major minor Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012938 design process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 small molecules hydro carbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a coal dust inlet structure applied to preparing an acetylene reactor by plasma coal pyrolysis, belonging to the technical field of industrial gas-solid two-phase mixing and reacting efficiently and rapidly. The outlet cross section of the coal dust spray head of the inlet structure is wide and flat; a long axis of the outlet cross section of the coal dust spray head forms a cut angle alpha with the cross section of the reactor channel; the coal dust spray heads are in central symmetrical distribution at the inner wall of the reactor channel; tangent of intersection of circumference surface of the cross section of the reactor channel inner wall where the coal dust spray heads are arranged and central line of the coal dust spray head forms an angle beta with the central line of the coal dust spray head; the central line of the coal dust spray head forms a cut angle gamma with the cross section of the reactor channel. The invention provides a coal dust inlet structure applied to preparing the acetylene reactor by plasma coal pyrolysis; by the structure, the coal dust sprayed by the coal dust spray heads can be well mixed with high temperature plasma jet, thereby effectively improving yield of acetylene and lessening coking of the reactor.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the efficient short mix of industrial gas-solid two-phase, reaction technology field, particularly a kind of coal powder entrance structure that is applied to reactor for preparing ethyne by cracking plasma coal.
Background technology
Acetylene is important basic Organic Chemicals.The commercial run of producing acetylene mainly contains calcium carbide route, methane portion oxidation method and methane electrocracking method, and wherein calcium carbide route acetylene technical maturity accounts for absolute specific gravity in the industrial production, but pollutes all relative with energy consumption higher.Coal plasma pyrolysis system acetylene is a direct chemical industry path for transformation of new, promising coal.Chinese scholar and engineering technical personnel have carried out a large amount of fundamental researchs and engineering research since the nineties in this field.Because China's hydrocarbon resources is deficient relatively, and coal resource is abundant, so coal plasma pyrolysis system acetylene process has important potential industrial prospect as a kind of cleaning and the short coal conversion process of flow process aspect the chemical utilization of coal.
2007, the pilot plant test that Xinjiang of China sky industry group carries out on the 2MW apparatus platform, on the operation of high power plasma torch long lifetime and two gordian techniquies of reactor coke cleaning, obtained key progress, the best index of acetylene energy consumption reaches 10.5kWh/kg acetylene before the gas delivery, take into account separating energy consumption 4.0kWh/kg, be lower than the comprehensive energy consumption 15.0kWh/kg acetylene that the outer calcium carbide route of pollution abatement costs is produced acetylene.2008, group of Xingjiang Tianye Co. builds up maximum in the world 5MW commerical test device, single operation is moved more than 10 hours continuously under normal start-stop car situation, the accumulation driving time reached more than 500 hours, splitting gas flow and acetylene content reach the economy requirement, are expected to realize in a short time ton acetylene industrialized technology.
The preparing ethyne by cracking plasma coal process is a ultrashort contact reacts process of high temperature Millisecond, and reaction conditions is extremely harsh.Plasma generator outlet jet top temperature can reach 10
4The K magnitude, the about 3000K of medial temperature, jet speed is 10
2The metre per second (m/s) magnitude.Coal dust is carried by fluidized gas, is quickened by the secondary accelerating gas before arriving the coal nozzle outlet, is injecting plasma jet with the speed of tens of metre per second (m/s)s near the plasma jet exit at last.Coal dust is sharply heated in several milliseconds with after hot-fluid contacts, and discharges volatile matter and reaction simultaneously, generates product acetylene and other a small amount of small molecules hydro carbons etc.
From the sixties in 20th century, the investigator of many countries is being engaged in the experimental study of coal plasma pyrolysis always, comprises the laboratory study of 10~100kW rank small power device, and the test of the industry test on the above power device of 300kW.The preparing ethyne by cracking plasma coal device mainly comprises three parts: plasma producing apparatus, reactor (comprise and mixing and conversion zone), chilling and tripping device.Experimental installation adopts the direct current arc thermal plasma more, can roughly be divided into two classes according to the difference of raw material hybrid position: mix before the generating unit and generating unit after mix.The eighties in 20th century, the rotating arc device of AVCO company belonged to the former, and coal dust enters arc region by direct heating, has good mixing efficient.Do the cracking of raw material for gaseous state, liquefied hydrocarbon and also adopt the former more.Though mix before the generating unit, exactly be that reactant enters arc region, the heating that helps raw material with mix, can obtain high acetylene yield, easy damaged electrode, and apparatus structure is complicated.At present, most device all adopts the latter, and promptly raw material mixes by realization in the plasma jet of injecting plasma generator outlet downstream, but has improved the difficulty of optimizing coal dust and plasma jet mixed effect like this.
Plasma jet in the channel of reactor for preparing ethyne by cracking plasma coal has high temperature, Gao Han, high speed characteristics, the coal dust that is accelerated is difficult to inject the high-temperature zone at plasma jet middle part, a large amount of coal dusts are finished heating and reaction near the zone of wall, and because wall surface temperature is relatively low, heat incomplete coal dust and can adhere to wall, cause reactor wall coking, obstruction, finally cause operation disruption.In addition, coal dust can not with pyritous plasma jet thorough mixing, can cause also that the coal dust transformation efficiency is lower, in the product gas gaseous phase volume of acetylene to contain rate lower, the economy of influence process.In addition, different with the research of laboratory lab scale is, the coal treatment capacity of full scale plant unit's active power is 10 times of laboratory small testing device approximately, and because the characteristic of plasma jet concentration of energy, the geometrical variations of reactor is so not remarkable, and therefore, the design of the coal powder entrance of reactor also will be considered the scattering problem of high concentrated coal powder, that is, in the shortest time, make coal dust realize contacting of maximum area with jet.Coal dust has extremely important influence with the operability and the economy of mixing article on plasma body coal preparing ethyne by cracking process of plasma jet, and the coal powder entrance structure design that is applied to reactor for preparing ethyne by cracking plasma coal is a crucial ring in the whole device design process.
Patent CN1562922A has announced a kind of technology and device of preparing ethyne by cracking plasma coal, what wherein plasma producing apparatus adopted is the steady electric arc of wall, one plasma jet is injected the chamber of the reactor of expanding from the orificed anode end, and coal dust is injected the reactor and with plasma jet along the plasma jet direction at a certain angle from the channel of reactor cross section that flushes with anode end and intersected.Patent CN1613839A then improves on the basis of patent CN1562922A, adopt two or more plasma generators, in the middle of injecting high temperature fluid along the direction of plasma jet between the plasma jet that coal dust then produces from plasma generator, promptly adopt vertical multiple gun in reactor, to spray into plasma jet and coal dust, realize that coal dust mixes with the direct of high temperature fluid.But the described experimental installation of this patent belongs to the laboratory small testing device that power is lower than 100kW, has more differently with the reaction unit of industry test and industrial application, and the coal dust treatment capacity of unit power is little, and the coal dust feeding rate is lower than 100g/min.In addition, low power plasma generator is realized the stable operation of long period and the assembling of a plurality of plasma generators easily, but this is difficult to realize for full scale plant.
Patent CN1907926A has announced that a kind of high temperature and high pressure gas that utilizes rapid combustion to produce prevents the method for channel of reactor coking, its high temperature and high pressure gas eject position is positioned at the below of coal powder entrance, coal dust is near vertically injecting high temperature fluid on plasma jet outlet, the channel of reactor wall around plasma jet, but not about the description of coal powder entrance structure.Because carrying out, the research of high power plasma coal preparing ethyne by cracking is in the starting stage, rare all about the report of its coal powder entrance structure design in open source literature.
Be applied to the coal nozzle of reactor for preparing ethyne by cracking plasma coal, it is circular that the outlet is generally.Because the restriction of reactor interior passageway diameter, its size is less.In addition, because the coal particle size that uses usually all below 100 μ m, is to guarantee the fluidizing performance of coal dust in convey coal pipe, the size of coal nozzle can not be too small, with guarantee particle good transport, prevent spray nozzle clogging.
As mentioned above, for the preparing ethyne by cracking plasma coal full scale plant, the economy of mixing efficiency, raising acetylene yield and the process of good coal powder entrance structure design can the raising coal dust and high-temperature plasma.Be applied to the coal powder entrance structure of reactor for preparing ethyne by cracking plasma coal, its design philosophy is when guaranteeing the coal dust treatment capacity that adapts with full scale plant power, improve the speed of coal nozzle outlet solid particulate, enlarge coal dust jet and plasma body contact area, and can disperse high concentrated coal powder rapidly.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of coal powder entrance structure that is applied to reactor for preparing ethyne by cracking plasma coal.
A kind of coal powder entrance structure that is applied to reactor for preparing ethyne by cracking plasma coal, comprise plasma generator 1, gas-solid descending-bed reactor passage 4, channel of reactor inwall 7, outer wall 6, graphite inwall 5 and be positioned at plasma generator 1 below, be looped around the coal nozzle 3 around the thermal plasma jet 2 in the gas-solid descending-bed reactor passage 4, it is characterized in that, the outlet cross section of coal nozzle 3 is wide flat, the ratio of 1/2 power of section girth P and cross-sectional area A is 4.5~9.5, the major axis 9 of coal nozzle 3 outlet cross sections has angle of cut α with the cross section 8 of channel of reactor 4, and described major axis is defined as the straight line at 2 places that have ultimate range in the cross section; Coal nozzle 3 is in the distribution that is centrosymmetric of channel of reactor 4 inwalls, be installed on the same cross section of channel of reactor 4, the tangent line at the periphery of channel of reactor 4 cross section of inboard wall at coal nozzle 3 places and coal nozzle 3 medullary ray intersection point places becomes the β angle with coal nozzle 3 medullary rays; The cross section 8 of coal nozzle 3 medullary rays and channel of reactor 4 has angle of cut γ.
Described coal nozzle 3 numbers are 4~12.
Described α is 0 °~45 °.
Described β is 45 °~135 °.
Described γ is-45 °~45 °.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: the invention provides a kind of coal powder entrance structure that is applied to reactor for preparing ethyne by cracking plasma coal, this structure can make coal dust and the high-temperature plasma jet well blend that penetrates by coal nozzle, can improve the acetylene yield effectively, and alleviate the reactor coking phenomenon.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a device synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the A-A synoptic diagram of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is several typical wide flat coal nozzle cross section that adopts;
Fig. 4 becomes the angle synoptic diagram between major axis and the channel of reactor cross section of coal nozzle outlet cross section;
Fig. 5 is the spatial distribution synoptic diagram of coal nozzle;
Fig. 6 is two kinds of typical preferred structure 3D synoptic diagram;
Number in the figure: 1-plasma generator; 2-thermal plasma jet; The 3-coal nozzle; The 4-channel of reactor; 5-graphite inwall; The 6-outer wall; 7-channel of reactor inwall; The cross section of 8-channel of reactor; The major axis of 9-coal nozzle outlet cross section.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Embodiment 1
Fig. 1 is a device synoptic diagram of the present invention, a kind of coal powder entrance structure that is applied to reactor for preparing ethyne by cracking plasma coal, comprise plasma generator 1, gas-solid descending-bed reactor passage 4, channel of reactor inwall 7, outer wall 6, graphite inwall 5 and be positioned at plasma generator 1 below, be looped around the coal nozzle 3 around the thermal plasma jet 2 in the gas-solid descending-bed reactor passage 4, coal powder entrance structure is as Fig. 6 (a) and (b), the number of coal nozzle 3 is 6, the outlet cross section of coal nozzle 3 is wide flat, be long 15.6mm, long-width ratio is 6 rectangle (Fig. 3 has provided several typical wide flat coal nozzle cross sections), the ratio of 1/2 power of section girth P and cross-sectional area A is 5.72, the major axis 9 (orthogonal diagonal lines) of coal nozzle 3 outlet cross sections has angle of cut α with the cross section 8 of channel of reactor 4, α is 45 °, shown in Fig. 4 (a), described major axis is defined as the straight line at 2 places that have ultimate range in the cross section, this angle of cut α is disperseed the high concentrated coal powder of ejection better under the turbulent effect, improved mixing efficiency; Coal nozzle 3 is in the distribution that is centrosymmetric of channel of reactor 4 inwalls, be installed on the same cross section of channel of reactor 4, the tangent line at the periphery of channel of reactor 4 cross section of inboard wall at coal nozzle 3 places and coal nozzle 3 medullary ray intersection point places, become the β angle with coal nozzle 3 medullary rays, the β angle is 90 ° (as shown in Figure 2); The cross section 8 of coal nozzle 3 medullary rays and channel of reactor 4 has angle of cut γ, and the γ angle is 0 °.
Plasma torch output rating 1.8MW, coal dust operational throughput 800kg/h, reactor wall diameter 100mm.Power-on, produce plasma jet, after operating parameterss such as question response device internal pressure and wall temperature are stable, open the coal dust transfer line, open the preceding coal dust accelerating gas pipeline of nozzle simultaneously, unlatching is positioned at the coke cleaning device of coal inlet below, coal dust is injected plasma jet through coal nozzle, normally move 1 hour after, each operating parameters of reactor is normal, 6 pipe round nozzles under the equal operational condition of maximum gas forming amount improve 15%, therebetween product gas are taken a sample.After operation for some time, close the coal dust pipeline, powered-down.After the cooling of question response device, take reactor apart and observe, coal inlet does not have the coking situation, slight coking in the channel of reactor.To the product gas sample analysis of obtaining, concentration of acetylene (V/V) 7.50~8.60%, about 1.5 percentage points of original raising; System is accounted, and 22% when the coal dust transformation efficiency is managed round nozzles by original employing 6 brings up to 30%.
Embodiment 2
A kind of coal powder entrance structure that is applied to reactor for preparing ethyne by cracking plasma coal, comprise plasma generator 1, gas-solid descending-bed reactor passage 4) channel of reactor inwall 7, outer wall 6, graphite inwall 5 and be positioned at plasma generator 1 below, be looped around the coal nozzle 3 around the thermal plasma jet 2 in the gas-solid descending-bed reactor passage 4, coal powder entrance structure is as Fig. 6 (c) and (d), the number of coal nozzle 3 is 6, the outlet cross section of coal nozzle 3 is wide flat, be major axis 16.2mm, major-minor axis ratio is 6 ellipse, the ratio of 1/2 power of section girth P and cross-sectional area A is 5.82, the major axis 9 (long axis of ellipse) of coal nozzle (3) outlet cross section has angle of cut α with the cross section 8 of channel of reactor 4, α is 0 °, and described major axis is defined as the straight line at 2 places that have ultimate range in the cross section; Coal nozzle 3 is in the distribution that is centrosymmetric of channel of reactor 4 inwalls, be installed on the same cross section of channel of reactor 4 (Fig. 5 is the distribution schematic diagram of coal nozzle), the tangent line at the periphery of channel of reactor 4 cross section of inboard wall at coal nozzle 3 places and coal nozzle 3 medullary ray intersection point places, become the β angle with coal nozzle 3 medullary rays, the β angle is 104.5 °, and the existence at β angle can effectively enlarge the contact area of coal dust and hot-fluid; The cross section 8 of coal nozzle 3 medullary rays and channel of reactor 4 has angle of cut γ, and the γ angle is 0 °.
Plasma torch output rating 1.8MW, coal dust operational throughput 800kg/h, reactor wall diameter 100mm.Power-on, produce plasma jet, after operating parameterss such as question response device internal pressure and wall temperature are stable, open the coal dust transfer line, open the preceding coal dust accelerating gas pipeline of nozzle simultaneously, unlatching is positioned at the coke cleaning device of coal inlet below, coal dust is injected plasma jet through coal nozzle, normally move 1 hour after, each operating parameters of reactor is normal, 6 pipe round nozzles under the equal operational condition of maximum gas forming amount improve 17%, therebetween product gas are taken a sample.After operation for some time, close the coal dust pipeline, powered-down.After the cooling of question response device, take reactor apart and observe, near the slight coking coal inlet, slight coking in the channel of reactor.To the product gas sample analysis of obtaining, concentration of acetylene (V/V) 7.60~8.90%, about 1.8 percentage points of original raising; System is accounted, and 22% when the coal dust transformation efficiency is managed round nozzles by original employing 6 brings up to 32%.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of coal powder entrance structure that is applied to reactor for preparing ethyne by cracking plasma coal, comprise plasma generator (1), gas-solid descending-bed reactor passage (4), channel of reactor inwall (7), outer wall (6), graphite inwall (5) and be positioned at plasma generator (1) below, be looped around the interior thermal plasma jet of gas-solid descending-bed reactor passage (4) (2) coal nozzle (3) all around, it is characterized in that, the outlet cross section of coal nozzle (3) is wide flat, the ratio of 1/2 power of section girth P and cross-sectional area A is 4.5~9.5, the major axis (9) of coal nozzle (3) outlet cross section has angle of cut α with the cross section (8) of channel of reactor (4), and described major axis is defined as the straight line at 2 places that have ultimate range in the cross section; Coal nozzle (3) is in the distribution that is centrosymmetric of channel of reactor (4) inwall, be installed on the same cross section of channel of reactor (4), the tangent line at the periphery of channel of reactor (4) cross section of inboard wall at coal nozzle (3) place and coal nozzle (3) medullary ray intersection point place becomes the β angle with coal nozzle (3) medullary ray; The cross section (8) of coal nozzle (3) medullary ray and channel of reactor (4) has angle of cut γ.
2, a kind of coal powder entrance structure that is applied to reactor for preparing ethyne by cracking plasma coal according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described coal nozzle (3) number is 4~12.
3, a kind of coal powder entrance structure that is applied to reactor for preparing ethyne by cracking plasma coal according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described α is 0 °~45 °.
4, a kind of coal powder entrance structure that is applied to reactor for preparing ethyne by cracking plasma coal according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described β is 45 °~135 °.
5, a kind of coal powder entrance structure that is applied to reactor for preparing ethyne by cracking plasma coal according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described γ is-45 °~45 °.
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CN102336627A (en) * | 2011-06-29 | 2012-02-01 | 新疆天业(集团)有限公司 | Process for cracking coal hydrogen mixture by using plasma to form quenching medium |
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CN105289442B (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2018-11-06 | 新疆兵团现代绿色氯碱化工工程研究中心(有限公司) | A kind of coal pyrolysis in plasma producing acetylene reaction unit |
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