CN101503646A - 发动机润滑剂 - Google Patents
发动机润滑剂 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101503646A CN101503646A CNA2009100071491A CN200910007149A CN101503646A CN 101503646 A CN101503646 A CN 101503646A CN A2009100071491 A CNA2009100071491 A CN A2009100071491A CN 200910007149 A CN200910007149 A CN 200910007149A CN 101503646 A CN101503646 A CN 101503646A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- lubricating oil
- group
- oil composition
- mass
- acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 76
- -1 hydrocarbyl isocyanate Chemical class 0.000 claims description 69
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002253 acid Chemical group 0.000 claims description 26
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- BQPBZDSDFCDSAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-naphthalen-2-yloxyethanol Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(OCCO)=CC=C21 BQPBZDSDFCDSAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-acid Natural products C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon carbon Chemical compound C.C CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004183 alkoxy alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005160 aryl oxy alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005041 acyloxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- AVVIDTZRJBSXML-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;2-carboxyphenolate;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Ca+2].OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O.OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O AVVIDTZRJBSXML-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001083 polybutene Polymers 0.000 claims 4
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 62
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 38
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 35
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 23
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 21
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 19
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 19
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 15
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 14
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 13
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 12
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 150000003839 salts Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 11
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 7
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 5
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000010689 synthetic lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical group [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002837 carbocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 4
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000001570 methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 4
- 125000005702 oxyalkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 4
- FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylenepentamine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCNCCN FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000002152 alkylating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000010533 azeotropic distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005885 boration reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002573 ethenylidene group Chemical group [*]=C=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000007306 functionalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 3
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OOCCDEMITAIZTP-QPJJXVBHSA-N (E)-cinnamyl alcohol Chemical compound OC\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 OOCCDEMITAIZTP-QPJJXVBHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CIRMGZKUSBCWRL-LHLOQNFPSA-N (e)-10-[2-(7-carboxyheptyl)-5,6-dihexylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl]dec-9-enoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC1C=CC(CCCCCCCC(O)=O)C(\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O)C1CCCCCC CIRMGZKUSBCWRL-LHLOQNFPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DXBHBZVCASKNBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Benz(a)anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C=CC2=C1 DXBHBZVCASKNBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YZUPZGFPHUVJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-2-methoxyethane Chemical compound COCCBr YZUPZGFPHUVJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical class COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WBIQQQGBSDOWNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O WBIQQQGBSDOWNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JWAZRIHNYRIHIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(O)=CC=C21 JWAZRIHNYRIHIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7H-purine Chemical compound N1=CNC2=NC=NC2=C1 KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Chemical compound OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003377 acid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC=C XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron trifluoride Substances FB(F)F WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010538 cationic polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- VPUGDVKSAQVFFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N coronene Chemical compound C1=C(C2=C34)C=CC3=CC=C(C=C3)C4=C4C3=CC=C(C=C3)C4=C2C3=C1 VPUGDVKSAQVFFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCO MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RAABOESOVLLHRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diazene Chemical compound N=N RAABOESOVLLHRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000071 diazene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FAMRKDQNMBBFBR-BQYQJAHWSA-N diethyl azodicarboxylate Substances CCOC(=O)\N=N\C(=O)OCC FAMRKDQNMBBFBR-BQYQJAHWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- XYIBRDXRRQCHLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl acetoacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(C)=O XYIBRDXRRQCHLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAMRKDQNMBBFBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl n-ethoxycarbonyliminocarbamate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)N=NC(=O)OCC FAMRKDQNMBBFBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- MQHSFMJHURNQIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrakis(2-ethylhexyl) silicate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO[Si](OCC(CC)CCCC)(OCC(CC)CCCC)OCC(CC)CCCC MQHSFMJHURNQIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- ZUEKXCXHTXJYAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapropan-2-yl silicate Chemical compound CC(C)O[Si](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C ZUEKXCXHTXJYAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M141/06—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic nitrogen-containing compound
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M141/10—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic phosphorus-containing compound
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M161/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/04—Ethers; Acetals; Ortho-esters; Ortho-carbonates
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/04—Ethers; Acetals; Ortho-esters; Ortho-carbonates
- C10M2207/046—Hydroxy ethers
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/26—Overbased carboxylic acid salts
- C10M2207/262—Overbased carboxylic acid salts derived from hydroxy substituted aromatic acids, e.g. salicylates
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/287—Partial esters
- C10M2207/288—Partial esters containing free carboxyl groups
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- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/101—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones and phenols, e.g. Also polyoxyalkylene ether derivatives thereof
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- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
- C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2219/086—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing sulfur atoms bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/04—Molecular weight; Molecular weight distribution
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- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/04—Detergent property or dispersant property
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/52—Base number [TBN]
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- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
- C10N2040/252—Diesel engines
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
用于具有包括密封介质的离心机系统的柱塞柴油机或十字头型柴油机的润滑剂(对于十字头型发动机为系统润滑剂),其包含0.04~5质量%的活性成分,所述活性成分为质量:质量比例范围是1∶3~9∶1的一种或多种连接的芳族化合物和一种或多种含氮无灰分散剂的组合。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及柴油发动机润滑剂,更特别地本发明涉及使用柱塞机油(“TPEO”)的柱塞柴油机润滑剂和用于十字头型(也称作双冲程或低速)柴油机的系统润滑剂。
发明背景
柱塞柴油机用于船舶、发电和铁路牵引应用,且具有300~100rpm的额定速度。柱塞柴油机中,单一润滑组合物用于曲轴箱和汽缸润滑。发动机的所有主要的运动部件,即主要的和大的端轴承、凸轮轴和气门机件,通过抽送的循环系统来润滑。汽缸套部分由飞溅润滑和部分由循环系统中的油来润滑,该循环系统中的油借助于连杆和活塞销通过活塞裙中的孔到达汽缸套。另一方面,十字头型柴油机采用两种分开的润滑剂来润滑;该发动机汽缸采用船舶柴油汽缸润滑剂(或“MDCL”)来润滑,且该发动机曲轴箱采用称作系统油的单独的润滑剂来润滑。
柱塞柴油机采用离心机系统将污染物例如积碳或水从润滑油组合物中除去。类似的离心机系统用于处理一些十字头型船舶柴油机的系统油。该离心机系统依赖于比润滑油组合物更重的密封介质的使用。该密封介质通常为水。当润滑油组合物通过该离心机系统时,其接触到水。该润滑油组合物由此需要能够脱出水且在水存在时保持稳定。如果润滑油组合物不能脱除水时,该水在润滑油组合物中积累形成乳液,其导致离心机系统中沉积物积累且阻碍了离心机系统正常工作。
US-A1-2006/0189492描述了在润滑油组合物中起到积碳分散剂作用的某些连接的芳族化合物。然而,该文献并未描述其在柱塞机或十字头型柴油机润滑剂中的应用或对能够脱水的需求。
发明内容
本发明提供了能够改进积碳处理并脱除离心机系统中所使用的介质的润滑油组合物。本发明采用以特定比例组合的上述连接的芳族化合物和含氮无灰分散剂。
第一方面,本发明包含用于具有包括密封介质的离心机系统的柱塞柴油机或十字头型柴油机的润滑方法,所述方法包括操作所述发动机,并使用润滑油组合物实施柱塞柴油机的润滑或十字头型柴油机的系统润滑,其中所述润滑油组合物包含:
(A)占主要量的润滑粘度的油;和
(B)占润滑油组合物0.04~5质量%的活性成分,其为以下物质的组合:
(B1)至少一种式(II)的连接的芳族化合物
其中,
每个Ar独立地表示芳族部分,具有0~3个选自烷基、烷氧基、烷氧基烷基、羟基、羟基烷基、酸基、酸基烷基、芳氧基、芳氧基烷基、卤素及其组合的取代基;
每个L独立地为包含碳-碳单键的连接部分或连接基;
每个Y′独立地为式Z(O(CR2)n)yX-的部分,
其中X选自由(CR’2)z、O和S组成的组;R和R′各自独立地选自H、C1~C6烷基和芳基;z为1~10;当X为(CR’2)z时n为0~10,且当X为O或S时n为2~10;且y为1~30;Z为H、酰基、烷基或芳基;每个a独立地为0~3,前提是至少一个Ar部分带有至少一个基团Y’,其中Z不为H;和;和m为1~100;和
(B2)至少一种含氮的分散剂,其中(B1)与(B2)的质量/质量比在1:3~9:1的范围内,优选1:1~6:1的范围内,例如3:1~6:1。
第二方面,本发明包含通过采用如上述本发明第一方面定义的润滑油组合物,增强具有包括密封介质的离心机系统的柱塞柴油机的润滑中或十字头型柴油机的系统润滑中的润滑油组合物的脱水性(如通过离心脱水测试测定)的方法,其中与对应的润滑油组合物相比,(B)仅包含(B2)。
第三方面,本发明包含用于柱塞或十字头型柴油机的润滑油组合物,通过ASTM D2896测量,其总碱数为至少15mg KOH/g(例如20mgKOH/g),该组合物包括:
(A)至少40质量%的润滑粘度的油;和
(B)占润滑油组合物0.04~5质量%的活性成分,其为以下物质的组合:
(B1)至少一种式(II)的连接的芳族化合物
其中,
每个Ar独立地表示芳族部分,具有0~3个选自烷基、烷氧基、烷氧基烷基、羟基、羟基烷基、酸基、酸基烷基、芳氧基、芳氧基烷基、卤素及其组合的取代基;
每个L独立地为包含碳-碳单键的连接部分或连接基;
每个Y′独立地为式Z(O(CR2)n)yX-的部分,其中X选自由(CR’2)z、O和S组成的组;R和R′各自独立地选自H、C1~C6烷基和芳基;z为1~10;当X为(CR′2)z时n为0~10,且当X为O或S时n为2~10;y为1~30;Z为H、酰基、烷基或芳基;每个a独立地为0~3,前提是至少一个Ar部分带有至少一个基团Y’,其中Z不为H;和m’为1~100;和
(B2)至少一种含氮的分散剂,其中(B1)与(B2)的质量/质量比在1:3~9:1的范围内,优选1:1~6:1的范围内,例如3:1~6:1。
本说明书中,以下词汇和表达在使用时具有以下含义:
“活性成分”或“(a.i.)”表示非稀释剂或溶剂的添加剂;
“包含”或任意的同义词表示存在指定的特征、步骤或整数或成分,但不排除存在或添加一个或多个其他特征、步骤、整数、成分或其组;表达“由......组成”或“基本由......组成”或其同义词可被“包含”或其同义词所涵盖,其中“基本由......组成”容许包含不影响应用了该物质的组合物的本质特征的物质;
“主要量”是指超过组合物质量的50%;
“次要量”是指小于组合物质量的50%;
“TBN”是指通过ASTM D2896测量的总碱数。
此外,在本说明书中:
“磷含量”通过ASTM D5185测量;
“硫化灰含量”通过ASTM D874测量;
“硫含量”通过ASTM D2622测量;
“KV100”是指通过ASTM D445测量的100℃的运动粘度。
此外,应理解所使用的多种基本成分,以及任选和常规成分可在配制、贮存或使用的条件下反应,因此,本发明也提供了可获得的产物或任意此类反应所得的产物。
此外,应理解可独立地组合使用上述质量、范围和比例的任意上限和下限。
发明详述
以下将详细描述本发明各个及所有方面的相关发明特征。
(B1)连接的芳族化合物
US 2006/0189492 A1描述了可从以下式(I)制备的那些化合物。
其中,每个Ar独立地表示芳族部分,具有0~3个选自烷基、烷氧基、烷氧基烷基、羟基、羟基烷基、卤素及其组合的取代基;每个L独立地为包含碳-碳单键的连接部分或连接基;每个Y独立地为式H(O(CR2)n)yX-的部分,其中X选自由(CR’2)z、O和S组成的组;R和R′各自独立地选自H、C1~C6烷基和芳基;z为1~10;当X为(CR’2)z时n为0~10,且当X为O或S时n为2~10;且y为1~30;每个a独立地为0~3,前提是至少一个Ar部分带有至少一个基团Y;和m为1~100。
式(I)的芳族部分Ar可以是单核碳环部分(苯基)或者多核碳环部分。多核碳环部分可以包含两个或多个稠合的环,每个环具有4~10个碳原子(例如,萘)或者可以是连接的单核芳族部分,如联苯基,或者可以包括连接的、稠合的环(例如联萘基)。适宜的多核碳环部分的实例包括萘、蒽、菲、环戊烯并菲(cyclopentenophenanthrene)、苯并蒽、二苯并蒽、、芘、苯并芘和晕苯,以及其二聚体、三聚体和更高的聚合体。Ar也可以表示单-或多核杂环部分。杂环部分Ar包括包含一个或多个环的那些,所述环各自含有4~10个原子,包括一个或多个选自N、O和S的杂原子。适宜的单环杂环芳族部分的实例包括吡咯、呋喃、噻吩、咪唑、噁唑、噻唑、吡唑、吡啶、嘧啶和嘌呤。适宜的多核杂环部分Ar包括,例如,喹啉、异喹啉、咔唑、二吡啶、噌啉、2,3-二氮杂萘、喹唑啉、喹噁啉和菲咯啉。每个芳族部分(Ar)可以独立地选择,使得所有部分Ar相同或不同。优选多环碳环芳族部分。最优选的是式I的化合物,其中每个Ar为萘。每个芳族部分Ar可以独立地是未取代的或由1~3个选自烷基、烷氧基、烷氧基烷基、羟基、羟基烷基、卤素、及其组合的取代基取代的。优选地,每个Ar是未取代的(除基团Y和端基之外)。
每个连接基(L)可以相同或不同,且可以是相邻部分Ar的碳原子之间的碳-碳单键,或者连接基。适宜的连接基包括亚烷基连接基、醚连接基、二酰基连接基、醚-酰基连接基、氨基连接基、酰胺基连接基、脲基连接基、尿烷连接基、和硫连接基。优选的连接基为亚烷基连接基,如-CH3CHC(CH3)2-、或C(CH3)2-;二酰基连接基如-COCO-或-CO(CH2)4CO-;和硫连接基,如-S1-或-Sx-。更优选的连接基为亚烷基连接基,最优选-CH2-。
优选地,式(I)的Ar表示萘,且更优选地,Ar衍生自2-(2-萘基氧基)-乙醇。优选地,每个Ar衍生自2-(2-萘基氧基)-乙醇,且m为2~25。优选地,式(I)的Y为基团H(O(CR2)2)yO-,其中y为1~6。更优选地,Ar为萘,Y为HOCH2CH2O-,且L为-CH2-。
形成式(I)化合物的方法对于本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的。可以将羟基芳族化合物如萘酚与亚烷基碳酸酯(例如碳酸乙烯)反应以提供式AR-(Y)a的化合物。优选地,在碱催化剂如氢氧化钠水溶液的存在下,和在25~300℃的温度下、优选地在50~200℃的温度下,使该羟基芳族化合物和亚烷基碳酸酯反应。反应期间,可以通过共沸蒸馏或其它常规手段将水从反应混合物中除去。如果期望分离获得的中间产物,在反应结束时(由CO2放出的停止来表示),可以收集反应产物,并冷却以凝固。也可以将羟基芳族化合物如萘酚与环氧化物如环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、环氧丁烷或氧化苯乙烯在类似的条件下反应,由此引入一个或多个氧-亚烷基基团。
为了形成式(I)的化合物,可以进一步将获得的中间化合物AR-(Y)a与多卤代(优选二卤代的)烃(例如1,4-二氯丁烷、2,2-二氯丙烷等)、或者二-或多-烯烃(例如丁二烯、异戊二烯、二乙烯基苯、1,4-己二烯、1,5-己二烯等)反应,由此产生具有亚烷基连接基的式(I)化合物。AR-(Y)a和酮或醛(例如甲醛、丙酮、二苯甲酮、苯乙酮等)的反应提供了亚烷基连接的化合物。通过将AR-(Y)a部分与二酸或酸酐(例如草酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、戊二酸、己二酸、琥珀酸酐等)反应,可以形成酰基-连接的化合物。通过AR-(Y)a部分与适宜的双官能硫化试剂(例如单氯化硫、二氯化硫、亚硫酰二氯(SOCl2)、硫酰氯(SO2Cl2)等)的反应,可以提供硫化物、多硫化物、亚磺酰和磺酰连接基。为了提供具有亚烷基醚连接基的式(I)化合物,可以将AR-(Y)a部分与二乙烯基醚反应。其中L为直接的碳-碳连接的式(I)化合物,可以借助于采用氯化铝和氯化亚铜的混合物的氧化偶联聚合来形成,例如如P.Kovacic等,J.Polymer Science:Polymer Chem.Ed.,21,457(1983)所述的那样。这种化合物也可以通过将部分AR-(Y)a与碱金属反应来形成,例如“Catalytic Benzene Coupling on Caesium/Nanoporous CabronCatalysts”,M.G.Stevens,K.M.Sellers,S.Subramoney和H.C.Foley,Chemical Communications,2679-2680(1988)中所述的那样。
为了形成具有亚烷基连接基、更优选亚甲基连接基的式(I)化合物,可以将AR-(Y)a反应混合物中保留的碱用酸中和,优选使用过量酸(例如,磺酸),并且与醛、优选甲醛反应,且优选地在残留酸的存在下反应,由此提供亚烷基、优选亚甲基桥连的式(I)化合物。式I化合物的聚合度范围为2~101(对应于m的数值为1~100),优选约2~50,最优选约2~25。
式(II)化合物可以通过将式(I)化合物与至少一种酰化试剂、烷基化试剂和芳基化试剂反应来形成,且由下式所示:
其中每个Y’独立地为式Z(O(CR2)n)yX-的部分;Z为酰基、烷基或芳基或H,且Ar、L、X、R、z和y与式(I)中定义的相同,前提是至少一个Ar部分带有至少一个基团Y’,其中Z不为H;和m为1~100。
适宜的酰化试剂包括烃基碳酸、烃基碳酸卤化物、烃基磺酸和烃基磺酸卤化物、烃基磷酸和烃基磷酸卤化物、烃基异氰酸酯和烃基琥珀酸类酰化试剂。优选的酰化试剂为C8和更高烃基异氰酸酯,如十二烷基异氰酸酯和十六烷基异氰酸酯和C8或更高烃基酰化试剂,更优选聚丁烯基琥珀酸类酰化试剂如聚丁烯基、或聚异丁基琥珀酸酐(PIBSA)。优选地该烃基琥珀酸类酰化试剂的数均分子量(Mn)将为100~5000,优选为200~3000,更优选为约450~2500。优选的烃基异氰酸酯酰化试剂的数均分子量(Mn)为约100~5000,优选为200~3000,更优选为200~2000。
酰化试剂可以通过本领域技术人员公知的常规方法来制备,如氯-辅助的、热和自由基接枝方法。该酰化试剂可以是单-或多官能的。优选地,该酰化剂可以具有小于1.3的官能度。在分散剂的生产中使用酰化试剂,关于酰化试剂形成方法的更详细描述可见于下文中关于适宜的分散剂的描述。
适宜的酰化试剂包括C8~C30烷醇,优选C8~C18烷醇。适宜的酰化试剂包括C8~C30、优选C8~C18烷烃-取代的芳基单-或聚氢氧化物。
可以调节式(I)化合物与酰化、烷基化、和/或芳基化试剂的摩尔量,使得全部、或者仅一部分如25%或更多的、50%或更多的或者75%或更多的基团Y被转化为Y’。在式(I)化合物具有羟基和/或烷基羟基取代基,且该化合物与酰化基团反应的情形中,能够将全部或一部分该羟基和/或烷基羟基取代基转化为酸基或酸基烷基。当式(I)化合物具有羟基和/或烷基羟基取代基,且该化合物与芳基化基团反应的情形时,能够将全部或一部分该羟基和/或烷基羟基取代基转化为芳氧基或芳氧基烷基。由此,认为由酸基、酸基烷基、芳氧基和/或芳氧基烷基取代的式(II)化合物在本发明的范围之内。式(II)化合物的盐形式,其中Z为酰化基团,其盐由与碱中和而获得(例如,由于与添加剂包或配制的润滑剂中的金属清洁剂相互作用而可能发生),也被认为是在本发明的范围之内。
式(II)的化合物可以衍生自式(I)的前体,通过将式(I)的化合物与酰化试剂反应,优选地在液体酸催化剂如磺酸(例如十二烷基苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸或多磷酸),或者固体酸催化剂如Amberlyst-15、Amberlyst-36、沸石、无机酸粘土或多磷酸钨的存在下;在约0~300℃、优选50~250℃的温度下。在上述条件下,优选的聚丁烯基琥珀酸类酰化试剂可以与式(I)化合物形成二酯、酸酯或内酯酯。
式(II)的化合物可以衍生自式(I)的前体,通过将式(I)的化合物与烷基化试剂或芳基化试剂反应,优选地在三苯基膦和二乙基偶氮二羧酸酯(DEAD),液体酸催化剂如磺酸(例如十二烷基苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸或多磷酸),或者固体酸催化剂如Amberlyst-15、Amberlyst-36、沸石、无机酸粘土或多磷酸钨的存在下;在0~300℃、优选50~250℃的温度下。
(B2)无灰分散剂
适用于本发明的组合物中的无灰分散剂包括具有能够与待分散的颗粒结合的官能团的油溶性聚合长链主链。典型地,这种分散剂通常包括常通过桥接基团连接于聚合物主链的胺、醇、酰胺或酯极性部分。无灰分散剂可以是例如选自长链烃取代的单-和多羧酸或其酸酐的油溶性盐、酯、氨基酯、酰胺、酰亚胺和噁唑啉;长链烃的硫代羧酸酯衍生物;具有直接连接于其上的多胺部分的长链脂肪烃;和通过长链取代酚与甲醛和聚亚烷基聚胺缩合而形成的曼尼希缩合产物。
优选所述无灰分散剂为“高分子量”分散剂,其数均分子量(Mn)大于或等于4000,例如在4,000~20,000之间。精确的分子量范围将取决于用于形成分散剂的聚合物的类型、存在官能团的数量以及所采用的极性官能团的类型。例如,对于衍生自聚异丁烯的分散剂,高分子量分散剂为采用数均分子量为1680~5600的聚合物主链形成的分散剂。典型的可商购的聚异丁烯基分散剂包含数均分子量为900~2300的聚异丁烯聚合物,通过马来酸酐(MW=98)官能化,并采用分子量为100~350的多胺衍生化。也可以将多条聚合物链并入分散剂,从而使用低分子量的聚合物形成高分子量分散剂,这可以使用本领域的已知方法完成。
可通过多种已知技术测定聚合物的分子量,特别是数均分子量(Mn)。一种常规方法是凝胶渗透色谱(GPC),其还提供了分子量分布的信息(参见W.W.Yau,J.J.Kirkland and D.D.Bly,“Modern Size Exclusion LiquidChromatography”,John Wiley and Sons,New York,1979)。在测定含胺分散剂(例如,PIBSA-聚胺或PIBSA-PAM)的分子量时,胺的存在可能导致分散剂被柱子吸附,从而造成不准确的分子量测定。熟悉GPC设备操作的人员可以理解,可以通过使用混合溶剂体系消除这一问题,例如将四氢呋喃(THF)与少量吡啶混合,这与纯的THF形成了对比。也可以通过使用乙酸酐对胺封端并基于封端基团的数量修正分子量来解决这一问题。测定分子量,特别是测定低分子量聚合物的另一个有用方法为蒸气压渗透法(vapor pressure osmometry)(参见,例如ASTM D3592)。
聚合的聚合度Dp为:
因此,可按以下方式计算两种单体聚合物的Dp:
本发明使用聚合物主链的聚合度优选为至少30,通常为30~165,更优选35~100。
本发明使用的优选的烃或聚合物包括:均聚物、互聚物或较低分子量烃。一类有用的聚合物包括:乙烯和/或至少一种式H2C=CHR1的C3~C28α-烯烃的聚合物,其中R1为包含1~26个碳原子的直链或支链的烷基,且其中所述聚合物包含碳-碳不饱和度,优选高度末端亚乙烯基不饱和。本发明中其他优选的此类聚合物包含乙烯和至少一种上式的α-烯烃互聚物,其中R1为1~18个碳原子的烷基,且更优选1~8个碳原子的烷基,且更优选1~2个碳原子。因此,适用的α-烯烃单体和共聚单体包括,例如,丙烯、丁烯-1、己烯-1、辛烯-1、4-甲基戊烯-1、癸烯-1、十二碳烯-1、十三碳烯-1、十四碳烯-1、十五碳烯-1、十六碳烯-1、十七碳烯-1、十八碳烯-1、十九碳烯-1及其混合物(例如,丙烯和丁烯-1的混合物等)。此类聚合物的实例为:丙烯均聚物、丁烯-1均聚物、丙烯-丁烯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯共聚物、乙烯-丁烯-1共聚物等,其中所述聚合物包含至少一些末端和/或内部的不饱和度。优选的聚合物为乙烯和丙烯,以及乙烯和丁烯-1的不饱和共聚物。本发明的互聚物可包含少量(例如0.5~5摩尔%)C4~C18非共轭二烯共聚单体。然而,优选本发明的聚合物仅包含α-烯烃均聚物、α-烯烃共聚单体的互聚物以及乙烯和α-烯烃共聚单体的互聚物。本发明采用聚合物的乙烯摩尔含量优选范围为20%~80%,更优选30%~70%。尽管也可以存在更高或更低的乙烯含量,在采用丙烯和/或丁烯-1作为乙烯的共聚单体时,此类共聚物的乙烯含量最优选在45%~65%。
可以通过在包括至少一种茂金属(例如,茂基-过度金属化合物)和铝氧烷(alumoxane)化合物的催化剂系统的存在下,聚合α-烯烃单体或α-烯烃单体的混合物或包含乙烯和至少一种C3~C28α-烯烃的混合物来制备这些聚合物。使用这一方法可提供在95%或更多聚合物链中具有末端亚乙烯基类不饱和度的聚合物。可通过FTIR光谱分析、滴定或C13NMR测定具有末端亚乙烯基不饱和度的聚合物的百分比。后一种类型的互聚物可通过式POLY-C(R1)=CH2表征,其中R1为C1~C26烷基,优选C1~~C18烷基,更优选C1~C8烷基,最优选C1~C2烷基(例如甲基或乙基),且其中POLY代表聚合物链。R1烷基的链长度将随聚合中所选择使用的共聚单体而改变。少量的聚合物链可包含末端乙烯基,即乙烯基不饱和度,即POLY-CH=CH2,并且一部分聚合物链可以包含内部单不饱和度,例如POLY-CH=CH(R1),其中R1如上述定义。可通过已知的茂金属化学以及在美国专利第5,498,809号、第5,663,130号、第5,705,577号、第5,814,715号、第,022,929号和第6,030,930号中的阐述制备这些末端不饱和的互聚物。
另一类有用的聚合物包括通过异丁烯、苯乙烯和类似物的阳离子聚合制备的聚合物。常见的此类聚合物包括通过在存在Lewis酸催化剂(例如三氯化铝或三氟化硼)的条件下,聚合丁烯含量35~75重量%和异丁烯含量30~60重量%的C4精炼流而获得聚异丁烯。用于制备聚正丁烯的单体优选来源为石油进料流,例如Raffinate II。现有技术如US4,952,739中公开了这些原料。聚异丁烯为本发明的最优选主链,因为其容易通过丁烯流的阳离子聚合而获得(例如,采用AlCl3或BF3催化剂)。这种聚异丁烯通常含有残余量的不饱和度,含量为每个聚合物链约1个乙烯属双键,沿着该链分布。
如上所述,采用的聚异丁烯聚合物通常是基于900~2300的烃链。制备聚乙烯的方法是已知的。可以通过卤化(例如氯化)、热“烯(ene)”反应,或者通过采用催化剂(例如过氧化物)的自由基接枝将聚异丁烯官能化,如下所述。
将聚合物烃与不饱和羧酸、酸酐或酯反应的方法和由这种化合物制备衍生物公开于US3,087,936、3,172,892、3,215,707、3,231,587、3,272,746、3,275,554、3,381,022、3,442,808、3,565,804、3,912,764、4,110,349、4,234,435、和GB-A-1,440,219。可以将该聚合物或烃这样地官能化,即例如采用产生羧酸的部分(优选酸或酸酐),通过将聚合物或烃在使得官能部分或试剂(即酸、酸酐、酯部分等)主要在碳-碳不饱和度(也称作乙烯属或烯烃属不饱和度)的位置处加成到该聚合物或烃之上条件下反应,采用卤素辅助的官能化(例如氯化)方法或者热“烯”反应(thermal“ene”reaction)。
在采用利用催化剂(例如过氧化物)的自由基接枝方法时,沿着聚合物链无规地实行官能化。通过将氯或溴在60~250℃,优选110~160℃,例如120~140℃的温度下从聚合物中通过0.5~10,优选1~7小时,使不饱和α-烯烃聚合物卤化(例如氯化或溴化)达到1~8重量%,优选3~7重量%氯或溴(基于聚合物或烃的重量),可以实现选择性官能化。可以随后将卤化聚合物或烃(下文中称作主链)与足够的能够将官能部分加成到主链上的单不饱和反应物(例如单不饱和羧酸反应物),在100~250℃,通常为180~235℃下反应0.5~10小时(例如3~8小时),使获得的产物含有期望摩尔数的单不饱和羧酸反应物/每摩尔的卤化主链。另外,可以将主链和单不饱和羧酸反应物混合和加热,同时将氯加到热的材料中。
可以将该烃或聚合物主链,例如,采用产生羧酸的部分(优选酸或酸酐部分)选择地在聚合物或烃链的碳-碳不饱和度的位置上,或者采用上述三种方法沿着链无规地,或者其组合,以任意顺序,官能化。
用于将主链官能化的优选的单不饱和反应物包括单-和二羧酸材料,即酸、酸酐、或酸酯材料,包括(i)单不饱和C4~C10二羧酸,其中(a)羧基为相邻的(即,位于相邻的碳原子上)且(b)所述相邻碳原子的至少一个、优选两个为所述单不饱和度的一部分;(ii)(i)的衍生物,如(i)的酸酐或者C1~C5醇衍生的单-或二酯;(iii)单不饱和C3~C10单羧酸,其中碳-碳双键与羧酸共轭,即为结构-C=C-CO-;和(iv)(iii)的衍生物,如(iii)的C1~C5醇衍生的单-或二酯。也可以使用单不饱和羧酸材料(i)~(iv)的混合物。在与主链反应时,该单不饱和羧酸反应物的单不饱和度变为饱和的。由此,例如,马来酸酐变为主链取代的琥珀酸酐,且丙烯酸变为主链取代的丙酸。这种单不饱和羧酸反应物的实例为富马酸、衣康酸、马来酸、马来酸酐、氯马来酸、氯马来酸酐、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、巴豆酸、肉桂酸和前述的较低烷基(例如C1~C4烷基)酯,例如马来酸甲酯、富马酸乙酯和富马酸甲酯。该单不饱和羧酸反应物,优选马来酸酐,用量范围典型地为0.01~20重量%,优选0.5~10重量%,基于该聚合物或烃的重量。
虽然氯化通常有助于增加起始烯烃聚合物与单不饱和官能化反应物的反应性,但是对于预期用于本发明的聚合物或烃来说并是不必须的。特别是那些优选的,具有高末端键含量和反应性的聚合物或烃。由此,优选地,将主链和单不饱和官能反应物(例如羧酸反应物)在升高的温度下接触,由此使初始的热“烯”反应发生。烯反应是已知的。
可以通过各种方法将官能部分沿聚合物链连接而将该烃或聚合物主链官能化。例如,可以采用如上所述的单不饱和羧酸反应物,在自由基引发剂的存在下,将溶液或固体形式的聚合物接枝。在溶液中进行时,接枝在100~260℃、优选120~240℃的升高的温度下进行。优选地,在含有例如1~50重量%、优选5~30重量%的聚合物(基于初始的总油溶液)的矿物润滑油溶液中实施自由基引发的接枝。
可以使用的自由基引发剂为过氧化物、氢过氧化物、和偶氮化合物,优选沸点高于100℃且在接枝温度范围内热分解以提供自由基的那些。这些自由基引发剂的实例为偶氮丁腈、双叔丁基过氧化物和二枯烯过氧化物。引发剂的用量,在使用时,典型地为0.005%~1重量%,基于反应混合物溶液的重量。典型地,前述单不饱和羧酸反应物和自由基引发剂的重量比范围为1.0:1~30:1,优选3:1~6:1。优选地在惰性气氛下,如在氮气覆盖下,进行接枝。获得的接枝聚合物的特征在于,具有沿聚合物链无规连接的羧酸(或酯或酸酐)部分:当然,应理解一些聚合物链仍保持未接枝。上述自由基接枝可以用于本发明的其他聚合物和烃。
随后可以用亲核反应物,如胺、胺-醇、醇、金属化合物或其混合物,将官能化的油溶性聚合物烃主链进一步衍生化,由此形成相应的衍生物。用于衍生官能化聚合物的适用的胺化合物包括至少一种胺且可以包括一种或多种其他胺或者其他反应性或极性基团。这些胺可以是烃基胺或者可以主要是烃基胺,其中该烃基包括其他基团,例如羟基、烷氧基、酰胺基、腈、咪唑啉基等。特别使用的胺化合物包括单-和多胺,例如,总共2~60、如2~40(例如3~20)个碳原子的聚亚烷基和聚氧亚烷基多胺,每个分子具有1~12,如3~12,且优选3~9个氮原子。可以有益地使用胺化合物的混合物,如通过亚烷基二卤化物与氨的反应而制得的那些。优选的胺为脂肪族饱和胺,包括,例如1,2-二氨基乙烷、1,3-二氨基丙烷、1,4-二氨基丁烷、1,6-二氨基己烷;聚亚乙基胺,如二亚乙基三胺、三亚乙基四胺、四亚乙基五胺;和聚亚丙基胺如1,2-亚丙基二胺和二-(1,2-亚丙基)三胺。
其他适用的胺化合物包括:脂环族二胺,如1,4-二(氨基乙基)环己烷和杂环族氮化合物,如咪唑啉。另一适用类型的胺为聚酰胺基和相关的酰胺基胺,如US 4,857,217、4,956,107、4,963,275和5,229,022中所公开的那些。也可使用三(羟甲基)氨基甲烷(TAM),如US4,102,798、4,113,639、4,116,876和UK989,409中所公开的那些,也可以使用树状(dendrimer)、星型胺和蜂窝结构的胺。类似地,可以适用缩合的胺,如US 5,053,152中所公开的那些。采用传统技术将官能化聚合物与胺化合物反应,例如,如US4,234,435和5,229,022,以及EP-A-208,560中所描述的那些。
也可以采用羟基化合物如单羟基和多羟基醇,或者采用芳族化合物如苯酚和萘酚,将该官能化的、油溶性聚合物烃主链衍生化。优选的多羟基醇包括亚烷基二醇,其中亚烷基含有2~8个碳原子。其它适合的多羟基醇包括甘油、甘油的单油酸酯、甘油的单硬脂酸酯、甘油的单甲基醚、季戊四醇、二季戊四醇和其混合物。酯分散剂也可以衍生自不饱和醇,如烯丙醇、肉桂醇、炔丙醇、1-环己烯-3-醇和油醇。仍另一类能够制得得无灰分散剂的醇包括醚-醇,包括氧化亚烷基和氧化亚芳基。这类醚醇的实例为具有最多150个氧化亚烷基的醚醇,其中亚烷基含有1-8个碳原子。该酯分散剂可以是琥珀酸的二酯或酸-酯,即,部分酯化的琥珀酸,以及部分酯化的多羟基醇或酚,即,具有自由的醇或酚羟基的酯。可以通过各种已知方法中的任一种来制备酯分散剂,例如,如US 3,381,022中所描述的那样。
优选类型的分散剂包括多胺衍生的聚α-烯烃分散剂,特别是乙烯/丁烯α-烯烃和聚异丁烯-基的分散剂。特别优选的是衍生自聚异丁烯的分散剂,其用琥珀酸酐基团取代,并与聚亚乙基胺例如聚亚乙基二胺、四亚乙基五胺,或者聚氧化亚烷基多胺,例如聚氧亚丙基二胺、三羟甲基氨基甲烷,羟基化合物,例如季戊四醇和其组合反应。一种特别优选的分散剂组合为这样的组合,即(A)琥珀酸酐基团取代的聚异丁烯,并与(B)羟基化合物例如季戊四醇反应,(C)聚氧化亚烷基多胺例如聚氧亚丙基二胺,或者(D)聚亚烷基二胺例如聚亚乙基二胺和四亚乙基五胺的组合,每摩尔(A)使用0.3~2摩尔的(B)、(C)和/或(D)。另一优选的分散剂组合包括(A)聚异丁烯基琥珀酸酐与(B)聚氧化亚烷基多胺例如四亚乙基五胺,和(C)多羟基醇或多羟基取代的脂肪组伯胺例如季戊四醇或三羟甲基氨基甲烷的组合,如US3,632,511中所述的那些。
另一类无灰分散剂包括曼尼希碱缩合产物。这些产物通常是通过将1摩尔烷基取代的单或多羟基苯与1~2.5摩尔羰基化合物(如甲醛和多聚甲醛)和0.5~2摩尔聚亚烷基多胺进行缩合反应制成的,例如参见US 3,442,808的公开内容。这些曼尼希碱缩合产物可包括金属茂催化聚合反应的聚合物产物作为苯基上的取代基、或可以类似于US 3,442,808中描述的方式与含有琥珀酐上取代的聚合物的化合物反应。使用金属茂催化剂体系合成的官能化和/或衍生烯烃聚合物的实例描述于上面同一公开文献中。
进一步,可以通过各种传统后处理方法如硼酸化对分散剂进行后处理,如3,087,936和3,254,025中通常所教导的那样。通过用数量足以对每摩尔的酰基化氮组合物提供0.1~20原子比例的硼的硼化物如氧化硼、卤化硼、硼酸和硼酸酯处理酰基含氮分散剂,可以实现分散剂的硼酸化。适用的分散剂含有0.05~2.0质量%,例如0.05~0.7质量%的硼。在所述产物中呈脱水硼酸聚合物(主要为(HBO2)3)的硼确信附着于分散剂的酰亚胺和二酰亚胺上,作为例如二酰亚胺的偏硼酸盐的铵盐。硼酸化可如下进行:通常以浆状物形式,向酰基氮化合物中添加0.5~4质量%,例如1~3质量%(基于酰基氮化合物的质量)的硼化合物,优选硼酸,并在搅拌条件下在135~190℃,如140℃~170℃下加热1~5小时,随后进行氮汽提。或者,可通过向二羧酸物质和胺的热反应混合物中添加硼酸,同时除去水来进行所述硼处理。在本领域中公知的其他后反应方法也可应用。
分散剂可进一步通过与所谓的“封端剂”反应来进行后处理。通常,含氮分散剂已经被“封端”,以减少这种分散剂对于氟弹性体发动机密封材料的不利影响。各种封端剂和方法是公知的。在这些公知的“封端剂”中,最合适的是那些能将碱性分散剂氨基基团转化为非碱性部分(如酰氨基、亚酰氨基团)的试剂。含氮分散剂与乙酰乙酸烷基酯(如乙酰乙酸乙酯(EAA))的反应例如描述于US 4,839,071、4,839,072和4,579,675。含氮分散剂与甲酸的反应例如描述于US 3,185,704。含氮分散剂与其他合适的封端剂的反应产物描述于US 4,663,064(羟基乙酸)、4,612,132、5,334,321、5,356,552、5,716,912、5,849,676、5,861,363(烷基和碳酸亚烷基酯,如碳酸乙烯)、5,328,622(单环氧化物)5,026,495、5,085,788、5,259,906、5,407,591(聚(如二)环氧化物)和4,686,054(马来酸酐或琥珀酸酐)。前面所列的这些并不完全,含氮分散剂封端的其他方法对于本领域技术人员来说也是公知的。
润滑粘度的油(A)
适用于本发明中的润滑粘度的油可以选自于天然润滑油、合成润滑油和其混合物。润滑粘度的油可以是粘度从轻质馏出矿物油到重质润滑油范围的润滑油,如汽油发动机油、矿物润滑油和重型柴油机油。100℃下测定油的粘度范围一般从2~40厘沲、特别是4~20厘沲。
天然油包括动物油和植物油(如蓖麻油、猪油);煤油和加氢精制、溶剂处理或酸处理的链烷类、环烷类和链烷-环烷类混合型矿物油。由煤或页岩得到的润滑粘度的油也可用作润滑粘度的油。
合成润滑油包括烃油和卤代烃油,例如聚合和互聚烯烃(如聚丁烯、聚丙烯、丙烯-异丁烯共聚物、氯化聚丁烯、聚(1-己烯)、聚(1-辛烯)、聚(1-癸烯));烷基苯(如十二烷基苯、十四烷基苯、二壬基苯、二(2-乙基己基)苯);聚苯(如联苯、三苯、烷基化聚苯酚);和烷基化二苯醚及烷基化二苯硫醚;以及其衍生物、类似物和同系物。也可以使用的是由Fischer-Tropsch合成烃从气-液过程中获得的合成油,该合成烃通常被称为天然气制合成油或“GTL”基础油。
环氧烷聚合物和互聚物及其末端羟基经酯化、醚化等反应改性的衍生物,构成另一类公知的合成润滑油。它们例如是经环氧乙烷或环氧丙烷聚合反应制成的聚氧亚烷基聚合物;聚氧亚烷基聚合物的烷基和芳基醚(如分子量1000的甲基-聚异丙二醇醚或分子量1000~1500的聚乙二醇的二苯基醚);和它们的单与多羧酸酯,例如四甘醇的乙酸酯、混合C3~C8脂肪酸酯和C13含氧酸二酯。
另一类适用的合成润滑油包括二元羧酸(例如邻苯二甲酸、琥珀酸、烷基琥珀酸和烯基琥珀酸、马来酸、壬二酸、辛二酸、癸二酸(sebasic acid)、富马酸、己二酸、亚油酸二聚物、丙二酸、烷基丙二酸、烯基丙二酸)与各种醇(例如丁醇、己醇、癸醇、2-乙基己醇、乙二醇、二乙二醇单醚、丙二醇)的酯。这种酯的具体例子包括己二酸二丁酯、癸二酸二(2-乙基己醇)酯、富马酸二正己酯、癸二酸二辛酯、壬二酸二异辛酯、壬二酸二异癸酯、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、邻苯二甲酸二癸酯、癸二酸二(二十烷醇)酯、亚油酸二聚物的2-乙基己酯、和一摩尔癸二酸与二摩尔四乙二醇和二摩尔2-乙基己酸反应生成的复合酯。
适合用作合成油的酯还包括那些由C5~C12一元羧酸与多元醇和多元醇酯(例如新戊二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、二季戊四醇和三季戊四醇)制得的那些。
诸如聚烷基-、聚芳基-、聚烷氧基-或聚芳氧基-硅氧烷油和硅酸酯油的硅基油属于另一类适用的合成润滑剂,这类油包括硅酸四乙酯、硅酸四异丙酯、硅酸四-(2-乙基己)酯、硅酸四-(4-甲基-2-乙基己)酯、硅酸四-(对叔丁基苯)酯、六-(4-甲基-2-乙基己基)二硅氧烷、聚(甲基)硅氧烷和聚(甲基苯基)硅氧烷。其它合成润滑油包括含磷酸的液体酯(如磷酸三甲苯酯、磷酸三辛酯、癸基膦酸的二乙酯)和聚合的四氢呋喃。
润滑粘度的油可以包括I类、II类或III类基料或上述基料的调合基础油。优选地,润滑粘度的油是II类或III类基料、或其混合物、或者是I类基料与一种或多种II类和III类基料的混合物。优选地,主要量的润滑粘度的油是II类、III类、IV类或V类基料、或其混合物。优选地,基料或调合基料的饱和物含量至少为65%、更优选至少为75%如至少85%,最优选地,基料或调合基料的饱和物含量大于90%。优选油或调合油的硫含量小于1%、优选小于0.6%、最优选小于0.4%(以重量计)。
油或调合油的挥发性(按Noack挥发性试验(ASTM D5880)测定)优选小于或等于30%、优选小于或等于25%、更优选小于或等20%、最优选小于或等于16%。油或调合油的粘度指数(VI)优选至少为85、优选至少100、最优选从约105到140。
本发明的基料和基础油的定义与1996年12月颁布的美国石油学会(API)出版物“发动机油许可和认证系统(Engine Oil Licensing andCertification System)”,工业服务部(Industry Services Department),第十四版,1998年12月,附录1中所述的定义相同。所述公开文献将基础油分类如下:
a)用下表1所规定的试验方法测定,I类基料含有小于90%饱和烃和/或大于0.03%硫,其粘度指数大于或等于80且小于120。
b)用下表1所规定的试验方法测定,II类基料含有大于或等于90%饱和烃和小于或等于0.03%硫,其粘度指数大于或等于80且小于120。
c)用下表1所规定的试验方法测定,III类基料含有大于或等于90%饱和烃和小于或等于0.03%硫,其粘度指数大于或等于120。
d)IV类基料为聚α烯烃(PAO)。
e)V类基料包括所有未在I、II、III或IV类基料之内的其它基料。
表1
性能 | 试验方法 |
饱和烃 | ASTM D 2007 |
粘度指数 | ASTM D 2270 |
硫 | ASTM D 2622 |
ASTM D 4294 | |
ASTM D 4927 | |
ASTM D 3120 |
(B)添加剂组合
如上所述,(B1)与(B2)的质量/质量比在1:3~9:1的范围内。优选1:1~6:1的范围内,更优选3:1~6:1的范围内。各质量以活性成分计。
(B1)与(B2)的比例可表示为(B1)的质量%(以活性成分计)与(B2)中氮的质量%。例如,这些比例可以是30:1~750:1,例如80:1~500:1,例如250:1~500:1;优选40:1~80:1。
另外,如上所述,活性组合(B)构成润滑油组合物的0.04~5质量%。优选,其构成0.2~2.5质量%,更优选0.4~2质量%。
此外,将润滑油组合物中(B2)的浓度表示为氮的质量%,可小于0.03,例如小于0.02,例如0.002~0.01的范围内,例如0.004~0.005或0.01质量%的范围内。
共添加剂
可用于柱塞机或十字头型柴油机的润滑油组合物可包含至少一种高碱性清洁剂以提供所需的TBN。此类清洁剂是本领域所熟知的,实例包括选自苯酚、磺酸、羧酸、水杨酸和环烷酸的表面活性剂的碱金属或碱土金属添加剂如高碱性油溶性或油分散性钙、镁、钠或钡盐,其中高碱化通过金属的油不溶性盐来提供,例如碳酸盐、碱式碳酸盐、乙酸盐、甲酸盐、氢氧化物或草酸盐,其通过表面活性剂的油溶性盐来稳定。该油溶性表面活性剂盐的金属可以与该油不溶性盐的金属相同或不同。优选地,该金属,无论油溶性表面活性剂盐或是油不溶性盐的金属,为钙。
该清洁剂的TBN可以是低的,即小于50,中等的,即50~150,或者高的,即高于150。优选地该TBN为中等的或者高的,即大于50TBN。更优选地,该TBN为至少60,更优选至少100,更优选至少150,且最多500,如最高350。
用于该高碱性清洁剂的表面活性剂体系的表面活性剂优选地含有至少一个烃基,例如,作为芳环上的取代基。本文中所使用的术语“烃基”含义为,所涉及的基团主要由氢和碳原子组成,且通过碳原子连接于分子的其它部分,但是并不排除其它原子或基团的存在,存在的比例不足以降低该基团的实质上的烃特征。有益地,表面活性剂中依据本发明使用的烃基为脂肪族基团,优选烷基或亚烷基,特别是烷基,其可以是线性的或支化的。该表面活性剂中碳原子的总数应至少足以赋予期望的油不溶性。
可包括的其他共添加剂,诸如:
抗磨剂,例如二烃基二硫代磷酸酯的金属(例如Zn)盐(例如0.10~3.0质量%,基于该润滑油的总量);抗氧化剂或氧化抑制剂,例如芳胺类或受阻酚(例如,高达润滑剂组合物的3质量%);
如果必要的话,可以提供其它添加剂如倾点抑制剂、消泡剂、金属锈抑制剂、倾点抑制剂和/或破乳剂。
本文中所使用的“油溶性”或“油分散性”并非必须地指出该化合物或添加剂是可溶的、可溶解的、可互溶的或能够以全部比例悬浮于油中的。但是,这些的含义是,它们,例如,是可溶于或稳定地可分散于油中,达到足以发挥它们在应用该油的环境中既定作用的程度。另外,如果期望的话,其它添加剂的另外结合也可以允许更高水平的特定添加剂的结合。
本发明的润滑剂组合物包括所定义的各个(即,单独的)组分,其在混合前后可以保持或者不保持相同化学性。
可以期望地,但是并非必须地,制备一种或多种包含添加剂的添加剂包或浓缩物,由此可以将添加剂同时加到润滑粘度的油中以形成润滑油组合物。添加剂包到润滑油中的溶解可以通过溶剂和通过伴随温和加热的混合来促进,但是这并非必要的。典型地将添加剂配制成含有适当量的添加剂,由此提供期望的浓度,和/或以在将该添加剂包与预定量的碱性润滑剂结合时在最终配方中实施既定的功能。
由此,可以将添加剂与少量的基油或者可相容的溶剂一起与其它添加剂掺混,由此形成含有活性成分的添加剂包,活性成分的量基于添加剂包为例如2.5~90、优选5~75、最优选8~60质量%的适当比例的添加剂,其余部分为基油。
实施例
本发明将通过下列实施例来阐述,但是并非以任何方式限定于此。合成
合成实施例1
式(II)化合物的制备:
第一步:2-(2-萘基氧基)乙醇的制备
在装有机械搅拌器、冷凝器/Dean-Stark分水器和氮气入口的2L树脂釜中,装入2-萘酚(600g,4.16摩尔)、碳酸乙烯(372g,4.22摩尔)和二甲苯(200g),且将混合物在氮气下加热到90℃。加入氢氧化钠水溶液(50质量%,3.0g),且通过在165℃下共沸蒸馏除去水。将反应混合物保持在165℃下2小时。随着反应进行析出CO2,当CO2的析出停止时确定该反应接近结束。收集产物且使其凝固并同时冷却到室温。FT-IR和HPLC确认反应的结束。通过1H和13C-NMR证实了2-(2-萘基氧基)乙醇的结构。
第二步:2-(2-萘基氧基)乙醇的低聚
在装有机械搅拌器、冷凝器/Dean-Stark分水器和氮气入口的2L树脂釜中,装入第一步的2-(2-萘基氧基)乙醇、甲苯(200g)、SA117(60.0g),且将混合物在氮气下加热到70℃。将多聚甲醛在70-80℃下在15分钟内加入,且加热到90℃,和将反应混合物保持在该温度下30分钟~1小时。在2~3小时内将温度逐渐升高到110℃~120℃,且通过共沸蒸馏除去水(75~83mL)。收集聚合物且使其凝固并同时冷却到室温。通过GPC测量Mn,使用聚苯乙烯标准物,用作为内标准的2-(2-萘基氧基)乙醇的洗脱体积进行校正。使用THF作为洗脱液。(Mn为1000道尔顿)。1H和13C-NMR证实了结构。FDMS和MALDI-TOF表明,该产物含有式(I)的亚甲基-连接的2-(2-萘基氧基)乙醇低聚物的混合物,含有约2~24个2-(2-萘基氧基)乙醇单元(m为1~23)。
第三步:亚甲基-连接的2-(2-萘基氧基)乙醇低聚物和酰化试剂(PIBSA)的反应
在装有机械搅拌器、冷凝器/Dean-Stark分水器、氮气入口和另一通道的5L树脂釜中,装入第二步中的聚(2-(2-萘基氧基)乙醇)-共聚-甲醛)、甲苯(200g),并将混合物在氮气下加热到120℃。分批(~250g,30分钟间隔)加入聚异丁烯琥珀酸酐(PIBSA,Mn为450,2500g),并将温度保持在120℃下2小时,随后在氮气吹扫下加热到140℃并保持另外的2小时,由此除去全部溶剂直到恒重。加入基油(AMEXOM100N,1100g),且在室温下收集产物。GPC和FT-IR确认了期望的结构。
下面显示了代表上述合成的反应方案:
试验和结果
下列实施例采用了离心水脱除试验,其评价油将水从制得的油和水的试验混合物中脱除的性能。该试验采用了Alfa Laval MAB103B 2.0离心机,连接有Watson Marlow蠕动泵。用800mL水密封该离心机。测量试验期间离心机中形成的沉积物的量。将预测量的水和试验油混合在一起,且随后以2L/分钟的速度通过离心机。试验进行一个半小时,使混合物通过离心机约10次。试验前后称量该离心机。差的柱塞柴油机润滑剂将在离心机系统中产生更大量的沉积物。
检测了下表中所示的一系列润滑配方。参考例A、B和C用于比较。实施例1是本发明的实施例。表格中的关键词如下:
PIBSA/PAM:聚异丁烯琥珀酸酐/多胺分散剂。
PmNE:上述合成例1的终产物。
每个配方包含II类基础油和I类光亮油,二烷基二硫代磷酸锌抗磨添加剂,以及形式为(质量:质量)比为1.419:1的225 TBN水杨酸钙和350TBN水杨酸钙的清洁剂系统。此外,各个配方包含如下表给出量(质量%)的PIBSA/PAM和PmNE中的一种或两种;所述配方在其他方面是等价的。
实施例 | PmNE(活性成分) | PIBSA/PAM(N质量%) | 测量的沉积物总量(g) |
参考例A | 0.012* | 140 | |
参考例B | 0.4 | - | 72 |
参考例C | - | 0.00426** | 35 |
1 | 0.32 | 0.00426** | 45 |
*对应于0.6质量%活性成分
**对应于0.1质量%活性成分
参考例C包含低总百分比的分散剂,并由此具有良好的脱水效果(如低沉积物质量所示)。然而,因此其低总百分比的分散剂,参考例C显示出较差的积碳处理性质。
参考例A和B分别包含PIBSA/PAM和PmNE作为唯一的分散剂,并且,对于参考例A中,比例高于参考例C,显示出较差的脱水性质。
在相同的总分散剂处理率下,包含PIBSA/PAM和PmNE的本发明实施例1显示出优于参考例A和B的脱水性。此外,因为其较高的总分散剂处理率,实施例1能够显示出优于参考例C的积碳处理性质。
Claims (24)
1、用于润滑具有包括密封介质的离心机系统的柱塞或十字头柴油机的方法,所述方法包括操作所述发动机,并使用润滑油组合物润滑柱塞柴油机或系统润滑十字头柴油机,其中所述润滑油组合物包含以下物质或通过掺混以下物质而制备:
(A)占主要量的润滑粘度的油;和
(B)占润滑油0.04~5质量%的活性成分,其为以下物质的组合:
(B1)至少一种式(II)的连接的芳族化合物
其中,
每个Ar独立地表示具有0~3个选自烷基、烷氧基、烷氧基烷基、羟基、羟基烷基、酸基、酸基烷基、芳氧基、芳氧基烷基、卤素及其组合的取代基的芳族部分;
每个L独立地为包含碳-碳单键的连接部分或连接基;
每个Y’独立地为式Z(O(CR2)n)yX-的部分,
其中X选自由(CR’2)z、O和S组成的组;R和R’各自独立地选自H、C1~C6烷基和芳基;z为1~10;当X为(CR’2)z时n为0~10,且当X为O或S时n为2~10;且y为1~30;Z为H、酰基、烷基或芳基;每个a独立地为0~3,前提是至少一个Ar部分带有至少一个基团Y’,其中Z不为H;且m为1~100;和
(B2)至少一种含氮的分散剂,其中(B1)与(B2)的质量/质量比在1:3~9:1的范围内。
2、权利要求1的方法,其中所述(B1)与(B2)的质量/质量比在1:1~6:1的范围内。
3、权利要求2的方法,其中所述(B1)与(B2)的质量/质量比在3:1~6:1的范围。
4、权利要求1的方法,其中Y’为Z(O(CR2)2)yO-,Z为酰基且y为1~6。
5、权利要求4的方法,其中Ar为萘,Y’为ZOCH2CH2O-,Z为酰基,且L为CH2。
6、权利要求5的方法,其中Ar衍生自2-(2-萘基氧基)-乙醇且m为2~25。
7、权利要求6的方法,其中Z衍生自聚烷基或聚烯基琥珀酸类酰化试剂,其Mn为约100~约5000。
8、权利要求6的方法,其中Z衍生自烃基异氰酸酯。
9、权利要求1的方法,其中所述含氮分散剂是衍生自Mn为900~2500的聚丁烯的聚丁烯聚亚烷基胺。
10、权利要求1的方法,其中所述润滑油组合物包含一种或多种高碱性水杨酸钙清洁剂添加剂,并通过ASTM D 2896测量,其具有至少15mgKOH/g的总碱数。
11、权利要求1的方法,其中所述密封介质是水。
12、一种方法,其中通过采用权利要求1所述定义的润滑油组合物,与对应的(B)仅包含(B2)的润滑油组合物相比,增强柱塞柴油机的润滑中或十字头柴油机的系统润滑中的润滑油组合物的脱水性,所述脱水性如离心脱水测试测定。
13、权利要求12的方法,其中所述密封介质是水。
14、一种柱塞或十字头柴油机润滑油组合物,通过ASTM D 2896测量,其总碱数为大于15mg KOH/g,且包括:
(A)占40质量%的润滑粘度的油;和
(B)占润滑油0.04~5质量%的活性成分,其为以下物质的组合:
(B1)至少一种式(II)的连接的芳族化合物
其中,
每个Ar独立地表示具有0~3个选自烷基、烷氧基、烷氧基烷基、羟基、羟基烷基、酸基、酸基烷基、芳氧基、芳氧基烷基、卤素及其组合的取代基的芳族部分;
每个L独立地为包含碳-碳单键的连接部分或连接基;
每个Y’独立地为式Z(O(CR2)n)yX-的部分,
其中X选自由(CR’2)z、O和S组成的组;R和R’各自独立地选自H、C1~C6烷基和芳基;z为1~10;当X为(CR’2)z时n为0~10,且当X为O或S时n为2~10;且y为1~30;Z为H、酰基、烷基或芳基;每个a独立地为0~3,前提是至少一个Ar部分带有至少一个基团Y’,其中Z不为H;且m为1~100;和
(B2)至少一种含氮的分散剂,其中(B1)与(B2)的质量/质量比在1:3~9:1的范围内。
15、权利要求14的润滑油组合物,其中所述(B1)与(B2)的质量/质量比在1:1~6:1的范围内。
16、权利要求15的润滑油组合物,其中所述(B1)与(B2)的质量/质量比在3:1~6:1的范围。
17、权利要求14的润滑油组合物,其中Y’为Z(O(CR2)2)yO-,Z为酰基且y为1~6。
18、权利要求17的润滑油组合物,其中Ar为萘,Y’为ZOCH2CH2O-,Z为酰基,且L为CH2。
19、权利要求18的润滑油组合物,其中Ar衍生自2-(2-萘基氧基)-乙醇且m为2~25。
20、权利要求19的润滑油组合物,其中Z衍生自聚烷基或聚烯基琥珀酸类酰化试剂,其Mn为约100~约5000。
21、权利要求19的润滑油组合物,其中Z衍生自烃基异氰酸酯。
22、权利要求14的润滑油组合物,其中所述含氮分散剂是衍生自Mn为900~2500的聚丁烯的聚丁烯聚亚烷基胺。
23、权利要求14的润滑油组合物,其还包含一种或多种高碱性水杨酸钙清洁剂添加剂。
24、权利要求14的润滑油组合物,其中通过ASTM D 2896测量,其具有至少20mg KOH/g的总碱数。
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2009
- 2009-01-27 AT AT09151448T patent/ATE552326T1/de active
- 2009-01-27 EP EP09151448A patent/EP2090642B1/en active Active
- 2009-01-27 ES ES09151448T patent/ES2380884T3/es active Active
- 2009-02-06 SG SG200900861-6A patent/SG155131A1/en unknown
- 2009-02-06 CA CA2653107A patent/CA2653107C/en active Active
- 2009-02-06 AU AU2009200452A patent/AU2009200452B2/en active Active
- 2009-02-06 JP JP2009049874A patent/JP5517469B2/ja active Active
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Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN103665298A (zh) * | 2012-09-26 | 2014-03-26 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种清净分散剂、其制备方法及燃油、润滑油组合物 |
CN103666565A (zh) * | 2012-09-26 | 2014-03-26 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种阻垢组合物及其用途 |
CN103666565B (zh) * | 2012-09-26 | 2015-08-26 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种阻垢组合物及其用途 |
CN103665298B (zh) * | 2012-09-26 | 2015-09-23 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种清净分散剂、其制备方法及燃油、润滑油组合物 |
CN107001977A (zh) * | 2014-11-18 | 2017-08-01 | Jxtg能源株式会社 | 搭载有洗涤器的十字头型柴油机用气缸润滑油组合物 |
CN107001977B (zh) * | 2014-11-18 | 2021-02-05 | Jxtg能源株式会社 | 搭载有洗涤器的十字头型柴油机用气缸润滑油组合物 |
CN105713703A (zh) * | 2014-12-19 | 2016-06-29 | 英菲诺姆国际有限公司 | 船用发动机润滑 |
CN105713703B (zh) * | 2014-12-19 | 2020-05-15 | 英菲诺姆国际有限公司 | 船用发动机润滑 |
CN107636129A (zh) * | 2015-05-19 | 2018-01-26 | 雪佛龙奥伦耐技术有限责任公司 | 柱塞发动机润滑油组合物 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2653107A1 (en) | 2009-08-08 |
EP2090642B1 (en) | 2012-04-04 |
ES2380884T3 (es) | 2012-05-21 |
US20090203559A1 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
CN101503646B (zh) | 2015-02-18 |
AU2009200452B2 (en) | 2013-03-07 |
AU2009200452A1 (en) | 2009-08-27 |
JP2009185293A (ja) | 2009-08-20 |
ATE552326T1 (de) | 2012-04-15 |
SG155131A1 (en) | 2009-09-30 |
CA2653107C (en) | 2016-07-19 |
EP2090642A1 (en) | 2009-08-19 |
JP5517469B2 (ja) | 2014-06-11 |
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