CN101501087B - 具有高硅氧烷含量和高固体含量的包含有机硅共聚物的固体的溶液、其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents
具有高硅氧烷含量和高固体含量的包含有机硅共聚物的固体的溶液、其制备方法和用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101501087B CN101501087B CN2007800288727A CN200780028872A CN101501087B CN 101501087 B CN101501087 B CN 101501087B CN 2007800288727 A CN2007800288727 A CN 2007800288727A CN 200780028872 A CN200780028872 A CN 200780028872A CN 101501087 B CN101501087 B CN 101501087B
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- siloxane
- vinyl
- polydimethylsiloxane
- siloxanes
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 title abstract 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- -1 Siloxanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 86
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 claims description 43
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl acetate Substances CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 12
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- GLVVKKSPKXTQRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC=C GLVVKKSPKXTQRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C=C PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butenoic acid Chemical compound CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 11
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 11
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 235000013870 dimethyl polysiloxane Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000005702 oxyalkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C=C NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005502 peroxidation Methods 0.000 description 4
- IUGYQRQAERSCNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pivalic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(O)=O IUGYQRQAERSCNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- YUYCVXFAYWRXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[SiH](OC)OC YUYCVXFAYWRXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JHPBZFOKBAGZBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethylpentyl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)C(C)(C)COC(=O)C(C)=C JHPBZFOKBAGZBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WGRZHLPEQDVPET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxyethoxysilane Chemical compound COCCO[SiH3] WGRZHLPEQDVPET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- DRPJWBIHQOHLND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[dimethoxy(methyl)silyl]oxybutyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)OCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C DRPJWBIHQOHLND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FWDBOZPQNFPOLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(triethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C=C FWDBOZPQNFPOLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- CXQXSVUQTKDNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octamethyltrisiloxane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)C CXQXSVUQTKDNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004987 plasma desorption mass spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- LZMNXXQIQIHFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[dimethoxy(methyl)silyl]propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C LZMNXXQIQIHFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FASUFOTUSHAIHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methoxyprop-1-ene Chemical compound COCC=C FASUFOTUSHAIHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaldehyde Chemical compound CC=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- AGUIILSGLFUTKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)O.CC(C)O.CC(C)O.C=C[SiH3] Chemical compound CC(C)O.CC(C)O.CC(C)O.C=C[SiH3] AGUIILSGLFUTKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DAKWPKUUDNSNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane triacrylate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(CC)(COC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C DAKWPKUUDNSNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- ZZHNUBIHHLQNHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N butoxysilane Chemical class CCCCO[SiH3] ZZHNUBIHHLQNHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC=C FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MBGQQKKTDDNCSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl-diethoxy-methylsilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(C=C)OCC MBGQQKKTDDNCSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLNAFSPCNATQPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl-dimethoxy-methylsilane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)C=C ZLNAFSPCNATQPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VXGQGDOCESHZBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexoxysilane Chemical compound CCCCCCO[SiH3] VXGQGDOCESHZBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DNTMQTKDNSEIFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)NCO DNTMQTKDNSEIFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- RZJRJXONCZWCBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC RZJRJXONCZWCBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- GOPSAMYJSPYXPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enyl n-(hydroxymethyl)carbamate Chemical compound OCNC(=O)OCC=C GOPSAMYJSPYXPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCOKJWUULRTBRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yloxysilane Chemical compound CC(C)O[SiH3] HCOKJWUULRTBRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 2
- IDXCKOANSQIPGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N (acetyloxy-ethenyl-methylsilyl) acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)O[Si](C)(C=C)OC(C)=O IDXCKOANSQIPGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCXFGVWPFXMKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid;ethenyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C.CC(C)(C)C(O)=O BQCXFGVWPFXMKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJELTSYBAHKXRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-triallyloxy-1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound C=CCOC1=NC(OCC=C)=NC(OCC=C)=N1 BJELTSYBAHKXRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SYEWHONLFGZGLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[1,3-bis(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propan-2-yloxymethyl]oxirane Chemical compound C1OC1COCC(OCC1OC1)COCC1CO1 SYEWHONLFGZGLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWRKYBXTKSGXNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1-(2-methylpropoxyperoxy)propane Chemical compound CC(C)COOOCC(C)C GWRKYBXTKSGXNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDLMVUHYZWKMMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C XDLMVUHYZWKMMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000024287 Areas Species 0.000 description 1
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NMLYBKMWAPEELL-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)(=O)C(=C(OCC)C(C)=O)C(C)=O Chemical group C(C)(=O)C(=C(OCC)C(C)=O)C(C)=O NMLYBKMWAPEELL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDQWESQEGGJUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisopropyl adipate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OC(C)C ZDQWESQEGGJUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920004482 WACKER® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HVVWZTWDBSEWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-(hydroxymethyl)-3-prop-2-enoyloxy-2-(prop-2-enoyloxymethyl)propyl] prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(CO)(COC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C HVVWZTWDBSEWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NOZAQBYNLKNDRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [diacetyloxy(ethenyl)silyl] acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)O[Si](OC(C)=O)(OC(C)=O)C=C NOZAQBYNLKNDRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BTHCBXJLLCHNMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetyloxysilicon Chemical compound CC(=O)O[Si] BTHCBXJLLCHNMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005370 alkoxysilyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003796 beauty Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZPOLOEWJWXZUSP-WAYWQWQTSA-N bis(prop-2-enyl) (z)-but-2-enedioate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)\C=C/C(=O)OCC=C ZPOLOEWJWXZUSP-WAYWQWQTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004369 butenyl group Chemical group C(=CCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 229940043232 butyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012986 chain transfer agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004386 diacrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YCEQUKAYVABWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloro-methyl-prop-2-enylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](Cl)(Cl)CC=C YCEQUKAYVABWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LIKFHECYJZWXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyldichlorosilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(Cl)Cl LIKFHECYJZWXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCS WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTGCXXFBIJQSSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecoxysilane Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCCCCC)O[SiH3] CTGCXXFBIJQSSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002081 enamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IGBZOHMCHDADGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical group CCCCC(CC)C(=O)OC=C IGBZOHMCHDADGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MEGHWIAOTJPCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl butanoate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OC=C MEGHWIAOTJPCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NNBRCHPBPDRPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(tripropoxy)silane Chemical compound CCCO[Si](OCCC)(OCCC)C=C NNBRCHPBPDRPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QZOSZICRWGJQRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl-dimethoxy-(2-methylpropyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](C=C)(OC)CC(C)C QZOSZICRWGJQRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NUFVQEIPPHHQCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl-methoxy-dimethylsilane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(C)C=C NUFVQEIPPHHQCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005670 ethenylalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及固体含量>30重量%的以其高固体含量溶液形式的具有≥25重量%硅含量的高硅含量的有机硅共聚物,其可使用如下自由基引发的溶液聚合获得:a)20重量%至75重量%的一种或多种烯键式不饱和单体,和b)25重量%至80重量%的一种或多种具有通式R1 aR3-aSiO(SiR2O)nSiR3-aR1 a的硅氧烷,其中R相同或不同,并且指具有1至18个碳原子的一价的、可能取代的烷基或烷氧基,R1指可聚合基团,a为0或1,且n=10至1000,其中85至100重量%的硅氧烷b)含有1个或2个可聚合基团,其中使用仅在与具有2个可聚合基团的硅氧烷b)的混合物中且其重量比为<50/50的仅具有1个可聚合基团的硅氧烷b),其中组分a)至b)的重量%表示参照所用单体的全部重量并且合计达100重量%,其特征在于聚合在溶剂或溶剂混合物中进行,其中硅氧烷b)包含在通常条件下低于5重量%的溶解度。
Description
本发明涉及以其高固体含量溶液形式的高硅氧烷含量有机硅氧烷共聚物,也涉及其利用自由基溶液聚合的制备,及其用途。
发现聚硅氧烷和有机硅氧烷共聚物在各种应用领域具有用途,例如,在织物整理中、在塑料加工中、或在造纸和纺织生产中作为油漆、清漆、粘合剂和化妆品的添加剂。
有机硅氧烷共聚物,例如,通过在有机溶剂中的自由基聚合或在水分散体中通过乳液聚合或悬浮聚合而获得。由于反应物的差的相容性,特别是在高于25重量%的硅氧烷部分下,在由烯烃单体和硅氧烷制备有机硅氧烷共聚物的过程中的聚合伴随着源于相分离或凝胶化的问题,这导致有机硅氧烷共聚物的浑浊。特别是当固体含量在聚合过程中增加时,这些问题会发生。
例如在DE 4240108 A1中描述了使用甲苯、二甲苯,和乙酸丁酯作为溶剂的自由基溶液聚合。在自由基可聚合的单体的聚合过程中,聚硅氧烷嵌入聚合物基体中。聚合物基体的交联和聚硅氧烷的交联在应用阶段仅在加入另外的组分之后发生。在交联之前,可能有有机硅氧烷共聚物组分的凝胶化和相分离。
WO 03/085035 A1描述了使用包含至少两种非水溶剂的溶剂混合物的自由基溶液聚合的方法。也描述了具有高固体含量的高硅氧烷含量的有机硅氧烷共聚物的溶液。这通过使用非常特定的溶剂混合物实现。然而,特别公开的所有具有高于30%的固体含量的聚合物组合物均表现相分离、凝胶化和/或交联。此外,由于溶剂混合物要求昂贵和不便的蒸馏分离以再循环分别的溶剂组分,所以对于工艺工程而言,溶剂混合物的使用是不利的。
在此背景下,本发明的目的是提供以其高固体含量溶液形式的高度透明、高硅氧烷含量的有机硅氧烷共聚物,及其经济有效的制备方法。
本发明提供了具有固体含量高于30重量%的以其高固体溶液形式的具有≥25重量%硅氧烷含量的高硅氧烷含量的有机硅氧烷共聚物,其可通过如下的自由基引发的溶液聚合获得:
a)20重量%至75重量%的一种或多种烯键式不饱和单体,和
b)25重量%至80重量%的一种或多种具有通式R1 aR3-aSiO(SiR2O)nSiR3-aR1 a的硅氧烷,其中每个R相同或不同,并且为在每种情况下具有1至18个碳原子的一价的、任选取代的烷基或烷氧基,R1为可聚合基团,a为0或1,且n=10至1000,
85重量%至100重量%的硅氧烷b)含有1至2个可聚合基团,且仅具有1个可聚合基团的硅氧烷b)仅用在与具有2个可聚合基团的硅氧烷b)的混合物中,其重量比为<50/50,
组分a)至b)的以重量%计的量在每种情况下以所用单体的总重量计,并且合计达100重量%,
其特征在于聚合在溶剂或溶剂混合物中进行,其中硅氧烷b)具有在标准条件下低于5重量%的溶解度。
所述溶剂或溶剂混合物中的溶剂的特征在于它们对于硅氧烷b)为非溶剂并对于单体a)为溶剂。在根据DIN50014的标准条件(23/50)下,硅氧烷b)在其中溶解小于5重量%,且单体a)在其中溶解大于5重量%。
优选溶剂为异丙醇。也优选由异丙醇和一种或多种选自具有1至6个碳原子的醇的溶剂组成的溶剂混合物。特别优选的溶剂混合物为异丙醇和乙醇或异丙醇和丙醇。
获得的高硅氧烷含量的有机硅氧烷共聚物的溶液优选具有30%至90%的固体含量,更优选具有40%至90%的固体含量,且非常优选具有40%至75%的固体含量。
优选的烯键式不饱和单体a)为具有1至15个碳原子的未分枝或分枝的烷基羧酸的乙烯酯或者丙烯酸或(甲基)丙烯酸与具有1至15个碳原子的未分枝或分枝的醇的酯。
优选的作为不饱和单体a)的丙烯酸或(甲基)丙烯酸的酯为丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丙酯、甲基丙烯酸丙酯、丙烯酸正、异和叔丁酯、甲基丙烯酸正、异和叔丁酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸降冰片烯酯。特别优选丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸正、异和叔丁酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯和丙烯酸降冰片烯酯。
优选的作为单体a)的乙烯酯为乙酸乙烯酯、丙酸乙烯酯、丁酸乙烯酯、2-乙基己酸乙烯酯、月桂酸乙烯酯、乙酸1-甲基乙烯酯、三甲基乙酸乙烯酯、和具有5至11个碳原子的α-分枝的单羧酸的乙烯酯,例如VeoVa9R或VeoVa10R(Resolution公司的商标名,具有9或10个碳原子的α-分枝的单羧酸的乙烯酯)。特别优选乙酸乙烯酯、月桂酸乙烯酯,和VeoVa。合适的共聚单体为乙烯、丙烯、1,3-丁二烯和异戊二烯。优选乙烯。
如需要,也可能共聚以所用单体的总重量计0.1重量%至20重量%的辅助单体。辅助单体的例子为丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸和来自丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的酯的单体,如具有1至15个碳原子的未分枝或分枝的醇的酯。优选的甲基丙烯酸酯或丙烯酸酯为丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丙酯、甲基丙烯酸丙酯、丙烯酸正、异和叔丁酯、甲基丙烯酸正、异和叔丁酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸降冰片烯酯。特别优选丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸正、异和叔丁酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯和丙烯酸降冰片烯酯。另外的辅助单体也为烯键式不饱和单羧酸,如巴豆酸,和烯键式不饱和二羧酸,如富马酸和马来酸;烯键式不饱和羧酰胺和腈,优选丙烯酰胺和丙烯腈;富马酸和马来酸的单酯和二酯,如二乙酯和二异丙酯,以及马来酸酐。进一步的例子为预交联的共聚单体,如聚烯键式不饱和共聚单体,例子为己二酸二乙烯酯、马来酸二烯丙酯、甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯、二丙烯酸丁二酯或氰尿酸三烯丙酯,或后交联共聚单体,例子为丙烯酰胺羟基乙酸(AGA)、甲基丙烯酰胺羟基乙酸甲酯(MAGNE)、N-羟甲基甲基丙烯酰胺、N-羟甲基氨基甲酸烯丙酯、如异丁氧基醚的烷基醚或N-羟甲基甲基丙烯酰胺的酯和N-羟甲基氨基甲酸烯丙酯的酯。
通式R1 aR3-aSiO(SiR2O)nSiR3-aR1 a的基团R的例子为甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、1-正丁基、2-正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、新戊基、叔戊基、如正己基的己基、如正庚基的庚基、如正辛基和异辛基(如2,2,4-三甲基戊基)的辛基、如正壬基的壬基、如正癸基的癸基、如正十二烷基的十二烷基,和如正十八烷基的十八烷基、如环戊基、环己基、环庚基的环烷基,和甲基环己基。R基团优选为具有1至6个碳原子的一价烃基,如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、戊基和己基,特别优选甲基。
优选的烷氧基R为具有1至6个碳原子的那些,如甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基和正丁氧基,如需要,所述烷氧基R也可被如氧化乙烯基或氧化亚甲基的氧化烯基取代。特别优选甲氧基和乙氧基。当合适时,所述的烷基和烷氧基R也可被,例如卤素、巯基、环氧官能团、羧基、酮基、烯胺基、氨基、氨基乙基氨基、异氰酸基、芳氧基、烷氧基甲硅烷基、和羟基取代。
合适的可聚合基团R1为具有2至8个碳原子的链烯基。这种可聚合基团的例子为乙烯基、烯丙基、丁烯基、以及丙烯酰氧烷基和甲基丙烯酰氧烷基,所述烷基含有1至4个碳原子。优选乙烯基、3-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基、丙烯酰氧甲基和3-丙烯酰氧丙基。
优选的硅氧烷b)为链长为10至1000,优选为20至500个SiR2O单元的线性或分枝的聚二烷基硅氧烷。硅氧烷b)部分以单元a)、b)和当使用时,c)的总重量计优选为25重量%至80重量%。
特别优选α,ω-二乙烯基-聚二甲基硅氧烷、α,ω-二(3-丙烯酰氧丙基)-聚二甲基硅氧烷、α,ω-二(3-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基)-聚二甲基硅氧烷。在仅由不饱和基团取代一次的硅氧烷的情况中,优选α-单乙烯基-聚二甲基硅氧烷、α-单-(3-丙烯酰氧丙基)-聚二甲基硅氧烷、α-单-(丙烯酰氧甲基)-聚二甲基硅氧烷、α-单-(3-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基)-聚二甲基硅氧烷。在单官能化的聚二甲基硅氧烷的情况中,烷基或烷氧基,例如甲基或丁基位于链的另一端。
也优选线性或分枝的二乙烯基-聚二甲基硅氧烷与线性或分枝的单乙烯基-聚二甲基硅氧烷和/或与未官能化的聚二甲基硅氧烷(后者不具有可聚合基团)的混合物。乙烯基优选位于链端。这类混合物的例子为获自Wacker Chemie AG的不含溶剂的6系列(分枝)或9系列(未分枝)的硅氧烷。在二元或三元混合物的情况中,未官能化的聚二烷基硅氧烷部分为至多15重量%,优选至多5重量%;单官能化的聚二烷基硅氧烷部分为至多50重量%;且双官能化的聚二烷基硅氧烷部分为至少50重量%,优选至少60重量%,在每种情况下以硅氧烷部分b)的总重量计。
最优选的硅氧烷b)为α,ω-二乙烯基-聚二甲基硅氧烷,或α,ω-二乙烯基-聚二甲基硅氧烷与α-单乙烯基-聚二甲基硅氧烷的二元混合物,或α,ω-二乙烯基-聚二甲基硅氧烷、α-单乙烯基-聚二甲基硅氧烷与未官能化的聚二甲基硅氧烷的三元混合物。
除了这些单体之外,也可能另外共聚可水解的硅烷单体c)。合适的可水解的硅化合物为,例如,具有通式R3SiR2 0-2(OR4)1-3的烯键式不饱和并因此可共聚的硅化合物,其中R2具有C1至C3烷基、C1至C3烷氧基或卤素(例如Cl或Br)的定义,R3具有CH2=CR3-(CH2)0-1或CH2=CR5CO2(CH2)1-3的定义,R4为具有1至12个碳原子,优选1至3个碳原子的未分枝或分枝的,任选取代的烷基,或为具有2至12个碳原子的酰基,若适当,R4可能被醚基中断,且R5为H或CH3。
优选γ-丙烯酰基-和/或γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三(烷氧基)硅烷、α-甲基丙烯酰氧甲基三(烷氧基)硅烷、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基甲基二(烷氧基)硅烷、乙烯基烷基二(烷氧基)硅烷,和乙烯基三(烷氧基)硅烷,能使用的烷氧基为,例如甲氧基、乙氧基、甲氧基乙烯、乙氧基乙烯、甲氧基丙二醇醚和/或乙氧基丙二醇醚基。合适的硅化合物的例子是乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基甲基二乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三丙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三异丙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三(1-甲氧基)异丙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三丁氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙酰氧基硅烷、3-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、甲基丙烯酰氧甲基三甲氧基硅烷、3-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、乙烯基三氯硅烷、乙烯基甲基二氯硅烷、乙烯基三(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三乙酰氧基乙烯基硅烷、烯丙基乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、烯丙基三乙酰氧基硅烷、乙烯基二甲基甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基二甲基乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基甲基二乙酰氧基硅烷、乙烯基二甲基乙酰氧基硅烷、乙烯基异丁基二甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三异丙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三丁氧基硅烷、乙烯基三己氧基硅烷、乙烯基甲氧基二己氧基硅烷、乙烯基三辛氧基硅烷、乙烯基二甲氧基辛氧基硅烷、乙烯基甲氧基二辛氧基硅烷、乙烯基甲氧基二月桂基氧基硅烷、乙烯基二甲氧基十二烷氧基硅烷,以及聚乙二醇改性的硅烷。
最优选的硅烷为乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基甲基二乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三(1-甲氧基)异丙氧基硅烷、甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、3-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷,和甲基丙烯酰氧甲基三甲氧基硅烷,以及它们的混合物,尤其是两个或两个以上选自3-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷或甲基丙烯酰氧甲基三甲氧基硅烷与乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷或乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷的硅烷的混合物。
最优选的有机硅氧烷共聚物为包含乙酸乙烯酯,或乙酸乙烯酯和乙烯,或乙酸乙烯酯和VeoVa9和若需要,乙烯,或乙酸乙烯酯和VeoVa10和若需要,乙烯,或乙酸乙烯酯、月桂酸乙烯酯和,若需要,乙烯作为单体单元a)的那些;以及包含α,ω-二乙烯基-聚二甲基硅氧烷与α-单乙烯基-聚二甲基硅氧烷的二元混合物或α,ω-二乙烯基-聚二甲基硅氧烷、α-单乙烯基-聚二甲基硅氧烷与未官能化的聚二甲基硅氧烷的三元混合物作为硅氧烷b)的那些。
特别优选由25-70重量%的α,ω-二乙烯基-聚二甲基硅氧烷、75-30重量%的乙酸乙烯酯,和若需要,5-20重量%的选自VeoVa9、VeoVa10、月桂酸乙烯酯,或巴豆酸的单体制得的有机硅氧烷共聚物,各个单体的重量分数合计达100重量%。
本发明进一步提供制备固体含量高于30重量%的以其高固体溶液形式的具有≥25重量%硅氧烷含量的高硅氧烷含量的有机硅氧烷共聚物的方法,其可通过如下的自由基引发的溶液聚合获得:
a)20重量%至75重量%的一种或多种烯键式不饱和单体,和
b)25重量%至80重量%的一种或多种具有通式R1 aR3-aSiO(SiR2O)nSiR3-aR1 a的硅氧烷,其中每个R相同或不同,并且为在每种情况下具有1至18个碳原子的一价的、任选取代的烷基或烷氧基,R1为可聚合基团,a为0或1,且n=10至1000,
85重量%至100重量%的硅氧烷b)含有1至2个可聚合基团,且仅具有1个可聚合基团的硅氧烷b)仅用在与具有2个可聚合基团的硅氧烷b)的混合物中,其重量比为<50/50,
组分a)至b)的以重量%计的量在每种情况下以所用单体的总重量计,并且合计达100重量%,
其特征在于聚合在溶剂或溶剂混合物中进行,其中硅氧烷b)具有在标准条件下低于5重量%的溶解度。
反应温度为20℃至100℃,优选为40℃至80℃。聚合一般在大气压下在回流下进行。当使在室温下为气体的单体(如乙烯)共聚时,制备一般在1至100巴的压力下进行。通常聚合进行至固体含量为30%至90%,优选至固体含量为40%至90%,且更优选至固体含量为40%至75%。
合适的自由基引发剂为油溶性引发剂,如过氧化-2-乙基己酸叔丁酯、过氧化新戊酸叔丁酯、过氧化新癸酸叔丁酯、过氧化二苯甲酰、过氧化新戊酸叔戊酯、过氧化二(2-乙基己基)二碳酸酯、1,1-二(叔丁过氧化)-3,3,5-三甲基环己烷,和过氧化二(4-叔丁基环己基)二碳酸酯。如偶氮二异丁腈的偶氮引发剂也是合适的。所述引发剂一般以0.005重量%至3.0重量%,优选0.1重量%至1.5重量%的量使用,以全部单体计。
本领域技术人员公知分子量和聚合度的设置。这可以例如,通过加入调节剂,通过异丙醇与单体的比率,通过改变引发剂浓度,通过改变单体的计量,和通过改变温度来完成。调节剂或链转移剂为,例如乙醛或含有巯基的化合物,如十二碳硫醇或含有巯基的硅氧烷。
可以在初始进料中包括反应混合物的所有组分或一些组分,或在初始进料中包括它们的部分,并随后计量反应混合物的组分或反应混合物的单独组分,或通过不用初始进料的计量方法进行聚合。优选的程序为在初始进料中以所需的比例包括单体a)、b)和,若使用,c)的混合物的3重量%至40重量%,并计量加入作为混合物的单体a)、b)和,当使用时,c)的剩余部分。进一步优选在初始进料中包括一些引发剂,优选为3重量%至50重量%,并计量加入剩余部分。特别优选在初始进料中包括所有的单体b)和一部分a)和,当使用时,c),并计量加入剩余部分。
在间歇式方法的形式下,在初始进料中包括所有的单体、溶剂和一部分引发剂,并以计量形式或分份加入引发剂的剩余部分。
当聚合结束时,能利用已知的方法通过后聚合去除残余的单体。也能通过蒸馏或汽提法,优选在减压下去除挥发性的残余单体和其他挥发性组分。
分别在溶剂的去除和/或树脂部分的沉淀之后,能以溶液形式或作为固体树脂使用所述有机硅氧烷共聚物。在后者的情况下一般的程序是熔融所述树脂,然后将其加工形成颗粒。
所述有机硅氧烷共聚物适合用作脱模剂和涂层材料,例如,用于生产释放涂层的粘合(非粘性)涂层。它们也适合用于织物、纸、薄膜和金属的涂层,例如用于保护涂层或防垢或防涂鸦(anti-graffiti)涂层。进一步的应用领域是建筑保护应用领域,特别是用于生产耐候性涂层或密封剂。它们也另外适合用作改性剂和疏水剂,和用作化妆品的添加剂,如发胶或发定型剂。
所述有机硅氧烷共聚物优选用作疏水剂或用于制造美容、塑料、复合材料、油漆,和清漆中的天然或合成材料的光滑表面。所述有机硅氧烷共聚物能作为熔体或作为在有机溶剂,优选在甲苯、汽油、乙酸乙酯或二甲苯中,或者在反应性稀释剂中的溶液使用。反应性稀释剂为含有至少一个或多个官能团的低分子量物质,所述官能团由于同时或连续的一个或多个活化而导致聚合或交联。反应性稀释剂为例如,如丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯或苯乙烯的单体,所述单体在相应的引发剂的存在下热聚合或在照射下(紫外线交联)聚合。在电子束固化的情况下聚合在无引发剂下进行。多官能单体包括三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、乙氧基化和/或丙氧基化的三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯。
进一步的反应性稀释剂包括具有相似或不相似官能团的化合物,例如,丙氧基化甘油三缩水甘油醚、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、(3-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基)三甲氧基硅烷、(3-异氰酸丙基)三甲氧基硅烷、(3-缩水甘油丙氧基)三乙氧基硅烷,和3-(三乙氧基甲硅烷基)丙基琥珀酸酐。
可以以任何所需的适于由液体物质制备涂层并且公知的方式进行应用,例如通过浸渍、铺展、倾注、喷雾、穿轧、印刷,利用照相凹版涂布设备,通过刮刀或刀涂布,或利用气刷。
使用根据本发明的程序可得到有机硅氧烷共聚物,其特征在于高透明度(玻璃透明产品)和可忽略的硅氧烷部分的迁移。
实施例:
PDMS混合物:
三种在每种情况下具有约100个二甲基硅氧烷单元的链长的聚二甲基硅氧烷的混合物,所述混合物含有5重量%的未官能化的聚二甲基硅氧烷、20重量%的α-单乙烯基-聚二甲基硅氧烷,和75重量%的α,ω-二乙烯基-聚二甲基硅氧烷。
实施例1
在配备锚式搅拌器、回流冷凝器和计量装置的2升玻璃搅拌罐中装入407.0克异丙醇、274.0克PDMS混合物、547.0克乙酸乙烯酯、91.0克月桂酸乙烯酯,和1.6克PPV(过新戊酸叔丁酯,脂族化合物中75%强度的溶液)。随后在200rpm的搅拌速度下将初始进料加热至75℃。当达到75℃的内部温度时,开始计量加入引发剂(70克异丙醇和4.1克PPV)(计量时间2小时)。引发剂进料结束后,再在75℃下进行后聚合2小时。这样得到固体含量为65重量%且聚合物中的硅氧烷部分为30重量%的透明的聚合物溶液。在真空和高温下蒸馏出异丙醇。粘度(在乙酸乙酯中10%强度的溶液)为3.17mPas。得自乙酸乙酯溶液的干燥薄膜(膜厚70微米)是透明的。
实施例2
重复实施例1的程序,但使用VeoVa10代替月桂酸乙烯酯。
实施例3
在配备锚式搅拌器、回流冷凝器和计量装置的2升玻璃搅拌罐中装入407.0克异丙醇、228.0克PDMS混合物、152.0克乙酸乙烯酯,和1.6克PPV(过新戊酸叔丁酯,脂族化合物中75%强度的溶液)。随后在200rpm的搅拌速度下将初始进料加热至75℃。当达到75℃的内部温度时,计量加入532克乙酸乙烯酯和引发剂溶液(70克异丙醇和4.1克PPV)。在90分钟的过程中计量加入所述乙酸乙烯酯并在120分钟的过程中计量加入所述引发剂溶液。引发剂进料结束后,再在75℃下进行后聚合2小时。这样得到固体含量为65重量%且聚合物中的硅氧烷部分为25重量%的透明的聚合物溶液。在真空和高温下蒸馏出异丙醇。粘度(在乙酸乙酯中10%强度的溶液)为4.2mPas。得自乙酸乙酯溶液的干燥薄膜(膜厚70微米)是透明的。
对比实施例1:
重复实施例1的程序但使用甲醇代替异丙醇。在聚合过程中观察到粘度的急剧增加。在约2小时的聚合之后,聚合物溶液凝胶化。
对比实施例2:
重复实施例1的程序但使用乙酸乙酯代替异丙醇。在此情况中也观察到聚合物溶液的凝胶化。
对比实施例3:
重复实施例1的程序但使用乙醇代替异丙醇。在此情况中也观察到聚合物溶液的凝胶化。
对比实施例4:
重复实施例3的程序但显著增加乙醇的浓度。在聚合之后获得固体含量为40重量%的浑浊的聚合物溶液。
Claims (15)
1.固体含量高于30重量%的以其高固体溶液形式的具有≥25重量%硅氧烷含量的一种高硅氧烷含量的有机硅氧烷共聚物,其通过如下的自由基引发的溶液聚合获得:
a)20重量%至75重量%的一种或多种烯键式不饱和单体,和
b)25重量%至80重量%的一种或多种具有通式R1 aR3-aSiO(SiR2O)nSiR3-aR1 a的硅氧烷,其中每个R相同或不同,并且为在每种情况下具有1至18个碳原子的一价的、任选取代的烷基或烷氧基,R1为可聚合基团,a为0或1,且n=10至1000,
85重量%至100重量%的硅氧烷b)含有1至2个可聚合基团,且仅具有1个可聚合基团的硅氧烷b)仅用在与具有2个可聚合基团的硅氧烷b)的混合物中,其重量比为<50/50,
组分a)至b)的以重量%计的量在每种情况下以所用单体的总重量计,并且合计达100重量%,
其特征在于聚合在作为溶剂的异丙醇中进行,其中硅氧烷b)具有在标准条件下低于5重量%的溶解度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高硅氧烷含量的有机硅氧烷共聚物,其特征在于获得固体含量为30%至90%的高硅氧烷含量的有机硅氧烷共聚物的溶液。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的高硅氧烷含量的有机硅氧烷共聚物,其特征在于使用选自α,ω-二乙烯基-聚二甲基硅氧烷、α,ω-二(3-丙烯酰氧丙基)-聚二甲基硅氧烷、α,ω-二(3-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基)-聚二甲基硅氧烷、α-单乙烯基-聚二甲基硅氧烷、α-单-(3-丙烯酰氧丙基)-聚二甲基硅氧烷、α-单-(丙烯酰氧甲基)-聚二甲基硅氧烷、α-单-(3-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基)-聚二甲基硅氧烷的一种或多种硅氧烷作为硅氧烷b)。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的高硅氧烷含量的有机硅氧烷共聚物,其特征在于使用α,ω-二乙烯基-聚二甲基硅氧烷,或α,ω-二乙烯基-聚二甲 基硅氧烷与α-单乙烯基-聚二甲基硅氧烷的二元混合物,或α,ω-二乙烯基-聚二甲基硅氧烷、α-单乙烯基-聚二甲基硅氧烷与未官能化的聚二甲基硅氧烷的三元混合物作为硅氧烷b)。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的高硅氧烷含量的有机硅氧烷共聚物,其特征在于使用具有1至15个碳原子的未分枝或分枝的烷基羧酸的乙烯酯或者丙烯酸或(甲基)丙烯酸与具有1至15个碳原子的未分枝或分枝的醇的酯作为单体a)。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的高硅氧烷含量的有机硅氧烷共聚物,其特征在于使用选自a)丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丙酯、甲基丙烯酸丙酯、丙烯酸正、异和叔丁酯、甲基丙烯酸正、异和叔丁酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸降冰片烯酯的一种或多种单体作为单体。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的高硅氧烷含量的有机硅氧烷共聚物,其特征在于使用乙酸乙烯酯,或乙酸乙烯酯和乙烯,或乙酸乙烯酯和具有5至11个碳原子的α-分枝的单羧酸的乙烯酯,或乙酸乙烯酯和VeoVa9,或乙酸乙烯酯和VeoVa10,或乙酸乙烯酯和月桂酸乙烯酯,或乙烯和具有5至11个碳原子的α-分枝的单羧酸的乙烯酯作为单体a)。
8.一种制备固体含量高于30重量%的以其高固体溶液形式的具有≥25重量%硅氧烷含量的高硅氧烷含量的有机硅氧烷共聚物的方法,所述高硅氧烷含量的有机硅氧烷共聚物通过如下的自由基引发的溶液聚合获得:
a)20重量%至75重量%的一种或多种烯键式不饱和单体,和
b)25重量%至80重量%的一种或多种具有通式R1 aR3-aSiO(SiR2O)nSiR3-aR1 a的硅氧烷,其中每个R相同或不同,并且为在每种情况下具有1至18个碳原子的一价的、任选取代的烷基或烷氧基,R1为可聚合基团,a为0或1,且n=10至1000,
85重量%至100重量%的硅氧烷b)含有1至2个可聚合基团,且仅具 有1个可聚合基团的硅氧烷b)仅用在与具有2个可聚合基团的硅氧烷b)的混合物中,其重量比为<50/50,
组分a)至b)的以重量%计的量在每种情况下以所用单体的总重量计,并且合计达100重量%,
其特征在于聚合在作为溶剂的异丙醇中进行,其中硅氧烷b)具有在标准条件下低于5重量%的溶解度。
9.根据权利要求8所述的制备高硅氧烷含量的有机硅氧烷共聚物的方法,其特征在于在初始进料中包括所有单体、溶剂,和一部分引发剂,并以计量形式或分份加入引发剂的剩余部分。
10.根据权利要求8所述的制备高硅氧烷含量的有机硅氧烷共聚物的方法,其特征在于在初始进料中以所需的比例包括单体a)和b)的混合物的3重量%至40重量%,并计量加入作为混合物的单体a)和b)的剩余部分。
11.权利要求1或2所述的高硅氧烷含量的有机硅氧烷共聚物作为制备粘合剂涂层的脱模剂和涂层材料的用途。
12.权利要求1或2所述的高硅氧烷含量的有机硅氧烷共聚物作为涂覆织物、纸、薄膜和金属的涂层材料的用途。
13.权利要求1或2所述的高硅氧烷含量的有机硅氧烷共聚物在制备耐候性涂层或密封剂的建筑保护中的用途。
14.权利要求1或2所述的高硅氧烷含量的有机硅氧烷共聚物作为改性剂和疏水剂的用途。
15.权利要求1或2所述的高硅氧烷含量的有机硅氧烷共聚物作为化妆品的添加剂的用途。
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PCT/EP2007/058188 WO2008017672A1 (de) | 2006-08-09 | 2007-08-07 | Hochfeststoffhaltige lösungen von silikonorganocopolymeren mit hohem silikongehalt und hohem feststoffgehalt und verfahren zu deren herstellung und deren verwendung |
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EP2490663B1 (en) | 2009-10-23 | 2017-09-20 | Dow Corning Corporation | Silicone compositions comprising a swollen silicone gel |
WO2011078265A1 (ja) * | 2009-12-24 | 2011-06-30 | 三菱レイヨン株式会社 | 有機系離型剤の性能評価方法、モールドの製造方法および微細凹凸構造を表面に有する透明フィルムの製造方法 |
CN103635445B (zh) * | 2011-05-23 | 2015-05-13 | 瓦克化学股份公司 | 有机硅酸盐粉末、用于生产其的方法及其用于疏水化矿物建筑材料的用途 |
EP2570190A1 (en) | 2011-09-15 | 2013-03-20 | Braun GmbH | Spray nozzle for dispensing a fluid and sprayer comprising such a spray nozzle |
US20140128508A1 (en) * | 2012-11-06 | 2014-05-08 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Non-aqueous dispersions comprising an acrylic polymer stabilizer and an aliphatic polyester stabilized seed polymer |
WO2014210309A2 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2014-12-31 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Aerosol hairspray product comprising a spraying device |
CN103387792B (zh) * | 2013-08-22 | 2015-08-19 | 苏州羽帆新材料科技有限公司 | 一种绝缘颜料 |
CA2987878C (en) | 2015-06-01 | 2020-07-21 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Aerosol hairspray product comprising a spraying device |
CN108312396B (zh) * | 2018-01-31 | 2021-10-26 | 漳州丰笙新材料有限公司 | 一种硅离型剂及其制备方法 |
US12128118B2 (en) | 2021-07-29 | 2024-10-29 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Aerosol dispenser containing a hairspray composition and a nitrogen propellant |
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