CN101480953A - 为混合动力系系统在约束条件下的速度阶段重绘输入速度曲线的方法与装置 - Google Patents

为混合动力系系统在约束条件下的速度阶段重绘输入速度曲线的方法与装置 Download PDF

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CN101480953A
CN101480953A CNA2008102463996A CN200810246399A CN101480953A CN 101480953 A CN101480953 A CN 101480953A CN A2008102463996 A CNA2008102463996 A CN A2008102463996A CN 200810246399 A CN200810246399 A CN 200810246399A CN 101480953 A CN101480953 A CN 101480953A
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speed
input
torque
input acceleration
power
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CN101480953B (zh
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L·A·卡明斯基
J·-J·F·萨
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/40Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/445Differential gearing distribution type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • B60W10/11Stepped gearings
    • B60W10/115Stepped gearings with planetary gears
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/19Improvement of gear change, e.g. by synchronisation or smoothing gear shift
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/02Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used
    • F16H61/0202Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric
    • F16H61/0204Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/02Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H37/00Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0833Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
    • F16H37/084Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
    • F16H2037/0866Power split variators with distributing differentials, with the output of the CVT connected or connectable to the output shaft
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H37/00Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/10Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts
    • F16H2037/102Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts the input or output shaft of the transmission is connected or connectable to two or more differentials
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H37/00Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/10Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts
    • F16H2037/104Power split variators with one end of the CVT connected or connectable to two or more differentials
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
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    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/10Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts
    • F16H2037/105Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts characterised by number of modes or ranges, e.g. for compound gearing
    • F16H2037/106Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts characterised by number of modes or ranges, e.g. for compound gearing with switching means to provide two variator modes or ranges
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/66Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings
    • F16H2061/6602Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings with at least two dynamo-electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the transmission device, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path
    • F16H2061/6603Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings with at least two dynamo-electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the transmission device, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path characterised by changing ratio in the mechanical gearing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H2302/00Determining the way or trajectory to new ratio, e.g. by determining speed, torque or time parameters for shift transition
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H63/00Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/40Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism comprising signals other than signals for actuating the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/50Signals to an engine or motor
    • F16H63/502Signals to an engine or motor for smoothing gear shifts
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62Hybrid vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Control Of Transmission Device (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种为混合动力系系统在约束条件下的速度阶段重绘输入速度曲线的方法与装置。在控制动力系的方法中,该动力系包括变速器、发动机以及电机,该方法包括:监控输入速度;监控输出速度;一旦变速器开始换档,就确定用于在所述换档的过程中控制所述发动机与电机的多条输入加速度曲线;确定影响所述输入加速度曲线之一的输入加速度约束;基于所述确定的输入加速度约束,重绘所述输入加速度曲线;并且基于所述重绘的输入加速度曲线,控制所述发动机与电机的运行。

Description

为混合动力系系统在约束条件下的速度阶段重绘输入速度曲线的方法与装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求了2007年11月2日申请的序列号为NO.60/984,957的美国临时申请的权益,该申请作为参考全部合并在此。
技术领域
本申请涉及电动—机械变速器的控制系统。
背景技术
在本部分中的表述仅提供与本申请相关的背景资料而可能不构成现有技术。
已知的动力系结构包括转矩生成装置,该装置包括内燃机和电机,其将转矩通过变速装置传输给输出构件。一种典型的动力系包括双模式、复合分解式的电动-机械变速器和输出构件,其中变速器利用输入构件从原动机功率源接收驱动转矩,其中原动机优选为内燃机。输出构件可以可操作地连接到机动车辆的传动系上以向那里传输牵引转矩。电机独立于从内燃机输入的转矩为变速器产生转矩输入,其中电机既可以作为电动机也可以作为发电机运行。电机可以将车辆动能转化为可存储在电能存储装置中的电能,其中动能通过车辆传动系传输。控制系统监测来自车辆和驾驶员的各种输入并为动力系提供可操作的控制,包括控制变速器的运行范围状态和变速,控制转矩生成装置,并且对电能存储装置和电机之间的电功率互换进行调节以控制包括转矩和旋转速度在内的变速器输出。
如上所述,为了给输出构件提供转矩,混合动力系中的变速器通过传递和操纵转矩来提供多种功能。为了提供所需要的特定功能,变速器在限定经由变速器传输的转矩的多个运行范围状态或者变速器内部配置之间进行选择。已知的变速器利用包括具有确定传动比的固定档位状态或者多个固定档位状态在内的运行范围状态。例如,为了在宽广的输出构件速度的范围内提供输出转矩,变速器可利用四个相继排列的固定档位状态,并且允许在这四个档位状态之间进行选择。附加地或可替换地,已知的变速器也允许连续可变的运行范围状态或者模式状态,例如通过使用行星齿轮组来实现,其中变速器所提供的传动比可以在一个范围内改变,从而调节由特定的一组输入所提供的输出速度和输出转矩。另外,变速器可以在空档状态下运行,也就是中止所有经由变速器而被传递的转矩。另外,变速器可以在逆向模式下运行,接收特定旋转方向的用于通常的向前运行的输入转矩,并逆转输出构件的旋转方向。通过选择不同的运行范围状态,变速器对于给定的输入可以提供一个范围的输出。
混合动力系车辆中的上述装置的运行需要管理多个转矩支承轴或用来连接至上面提到的发动机、电机以及传动系的装置。来自发动机的输入转矩和来自一个或多个电机的输入转矩可以被独立地或者组合地应用来提供输出转矩。然而,来自变速器的所需输出转矩的改变,例如由于驾驶员踏板位置的改变或者由于运行范围状态的变换所引起的改变,必须被平稳地处理。特别难以管理的是输入转矩,其被同步地施加给变速器,对于控制输入具有不同的反应时间。基于单一的控制输入,各种装置在不同的时间可以改变各自的输入转矩,从而导致通过变速器施加的总转矩的增加的突然改变。对于施加给变速器的各种输入转矩的突然的或者不协调的改变可以导致车辆的加速度或者冲击度(jerk)的显而易见的改变,这会不利地影响到车辆的驾驶性能。
处于混合驱动系统的各种上述部件之间的各种控制方案和操作性连接是已知的,控制系统必须能够使各种部件接合到变速器上以及从变速器上脱离各种部件,从而执行混合动力系系统的功能。在变速器中通过使用可选择性操作的离合器来实现接合以及脱离是已知的。离合器是本领域所熟知的用来接合以及脱离轴的装置,包括管理轴之间的转速和转矩差异。为了实现车辆的适当且平稳的运行,接合或者锁定,脱离或者解锁,被接合或者被锁定操作下的运行,以及被脱离或者被解锁操作下的运行都是必须被管理的离合器状态。
离合器在多种设计和控制方法中都是已知的。一种已知的离合器类型就是通过分离或者结合两个连接表面来操作的机械式离合器,例如离合片,当被结合时运行来在彼此之间施加摩擦转矩。一种用于操作这种机械式离合器的控制方法包括应用液压控制系统,该系统通过实施经液压管线传递的液压压力来施加或者释放两个连接表面之间的夹紧力。如此地被操作,离合器不是以二元的模式被操作,而是能具有一定范围的接合状态,也就是从完全脱离到同步但没有接合,到接合但只有最小的夹紧力,再到接合并且具有一定的最大夹紧力。施加于离合器的夹紧力决定了离合器在离合器打滑之前可以承受多大的反作用转矩。通过调节夹紧力而实现的对于离合器的各种控制允许在锁定和非锁定状态之间转换,并且进一步允许在锁定的传动过程中管理打滑。另外,液压管线所能施加的最大夹紧力也可以根据车辆运行状态而改变,并且可以基于控制策略而被调整。
一些离合器已知被不同步地操作,并且被设计成适应在锁定状态和非锁定状态之间的转换过程中的一定程度的打滑。其它离合器已知被同步地操作,并且被设计成匹配连接表面的速度或者在连接表面被夹紧在一起之前同步。本发明主要涉及同步离合器。
当离合器连接表面欲被同步和锁定时,无论何时只要施加在离合器上的反作用转矩超过由所施加的夹紧力产生的实际转矩容限,打滑或者离合器的连接表面之间的相对旋转运动就会发生。在变速器中出现的打滑导致变速器内的非预期的转矩控制损失,导致由变速器反扭矩(back-torque)的突然改变而引起的发动机速度控制损失和电机速度控制损失,以及导致车辆加速度的突然改变,这对于驾驶性能会产生不利影响。
变速器可以使用单个离合器在输入和输出之间传递反作用转矩。变速器也可以使用多个离合器在输入和输出之间传递反作用转矩。运行范围状态的选择取决于离合器的选择性接合,不同的容许组合导致不同的运行范围状态。
从一种运行范围状态至另一种运行范围状态的转换包括至少一个离合器状态的转换。从一个固定档位状态至另一个固定档位状态的典型转换包括卸载第一离合器,通过其中没有离合器保持接合的惯性滑行进行转换,或通过其中至少一个离合器保持接合的惯性速度相态进行转换,并且随后加载第二离合器。输出转矩对在卸载之前连接至锁定且同步的离合器的传动系起作用,该输出转矩作为输入转矩与变速器中提供的换算系数的作用结果而经变速器产生。在这种转矩传递状态中,如此配置的变速器在换档过程中称为处于转矩阶段。在转矩阶段中,车辆速度与车辆加速度是作用于车辆上的输出转矩与其他力的函数。离合器的卸载将所有来自先前锁定且同步的离合器的输入转矩撤消。结果,任何先前通过该离合器作用于输出转矩的推进力迅速降低至零。在一个典型结构中,另一离合器保持接合,并且将转矩传递至输出。在这种结构中,变速器处于惯性速度阶段。当同步与加载将要被加载的第二离合器时,变速器再次进入转矩阶段,其中车辆速度与车辆加速度是作用于车辆上的输出转矩与其他力的函数。当由于离合器卸载与加载而导致的输出转矩变化或中断成为变速器运行范围状态转换的正常部分时,对输出转矩变化的有序管理降低了换档对操纵性能的影响。
如上所述,变速器运行范围状态的变化包括转换离合器。在同步运行中,重要的是在将连接表面夹紧在一起之前在离合器连接表面之间进行速度匹配。将来自发动机的输入速度与将要接合的离合器中的输出速度进行匹配,这需要控制方法来在有益于操纵性能的时间周期内达到同步。然而,用于通过换档匹配输入速度的转矩生成装置为与复杂的动力系系统集成的装置。相关性、限制性以及类似的施加的约束可以通过换档影响所期望的输入的运行曲线。从通过同步换档影响输入运行曲线的约束恢复的方法将是有益的。
发明内容
一种动力系,包括机械地且可操作地连接至内燃机与电机的电动—机械变速器,该电动—机械变速器适合于选择性地将机械动力传递至输出构件。控制动力系的方法包括监控输入速度,监控输出速度,一旦变速器的换档启动,就确定用于在换档过程中控制发动机与电机的多条输入加速度曲线,确定影响输入加速度曲线之一的输入加速度约束,基于确定的输入加速度约束重绘输入加速度曲线,并且基于重绘的输入加速度曲线控制发动机与电机的运行。
附图说明
现参照附图举例说明一个或多个实施例,其中:
图1为根据本发明的典型动力系的示意图,该动力系包括可操作地连接至发动机以及第一与第二电机的双模式、复合-分解、电动—机械混合动力变速器;
图2为根据本发明的典型分布式控制模块系统的示意框图;
图3为图示地描绘了根据本发明的典型混合动力系元件对转矩需求变化的反应时间;
图4表示根据本发明用于控制与管理在具有多个转矩生成装置并以可执行算法与校准的形式驻留在控制模块中的动力系系统中的转矩与功率流的典型控制系统结构;
图5为示意图,例示了根据本发明通过换档执行产生的数据流,以更详细的方式描述了图4的控制系统结构的典型执行;
图6展示了根据本发明用于典型混合动力系变速器的档位转换关系,尤其是如图1与表1中描述的典型实施例的变速器的档位转换关系;
图7-图10描绘了根据本发明的多个典型变速器换档;图7展示了固定档位状态到固定传动比状态的换档;图8展示了除了初始运行范围状态为EVT模式外与图7的换档相类似的换档;图9展示了除了图9中假定的输出速度的恒定变化速率是负的以外与图8的换档相类似的换档;图10展示了从固定档位状态到EVT模式的换档;
图11-图13描绘了根据本发明合并完成典型变速器换档的典型过程;图11是通过典型的过渡性解锁状态表示与离合器相关联的转矩项的图示;图12是通过典型的过渡性锁定状态表示与离合器相关联的转矩项的图示;图13是根据本发明描述变速器的典型惯性速度阶段的项的图示;
图14以列表形式示出了根据本发明确定惯性速度阶段时间的典型二维查询表的使用方法;
图15描绘了根据本发明分成三个子阶段的典型惯性速度阶段;以及
图16为根据本发明,在暂时超出由控制信号设置的最大/最小值的即时控制信号上施加系统约束的情况的图示,
图17根据本发明,以曲线示出了典型惯性速度阶段,其中,即时输入加速度曲线受到最大输入加速度约束的强加的影响;以及
图18根据本发明,以曲线示出了通过不受输入加速度约束影响的典型惯性速度阶段对输入速度,输入加速度,打滑速度,以及打滑加速度的同时测量。
具体实施方式
现在来看附图,其中所示对象仅仅为了描述本发明的特定典型实施例,并不用于限制保护范围。图1和图2表示典型的电动-机械混合动力系。根据本发明的典型电动-机械混合动力系在图1中示出,包括可操作地连接到发动机14以及第一电机56(‘MG-A’)和第二电机72(’MG-B’)的双模式、复合分解式电动-机械混合动力变速器10。发动机14、第一和第二电机56和72每一个都产生可以传输给变速器10的功率。由发动机14、第一和第二电机56和72产生并传输给变速器10的功率描述为输入转矩,本文中分别称为TI、TA和TB,而速度则分别称为NI、NA和NB
典型的发动机14包括可在多种状态下选择性地运行来通过输入轴12向变速器10传输转矩的多缸内燃机,并且既可以是电火花点火发动机,也可以是压燃发动机。发动机14包括可操作地连接到变速器10的输入轴12的曲轴(未示出)。转速传感器11监测输入轴12的转速。包括转速和输出转矩的发动机14的功率输出可与变速器10的输入速度NI和输入转矩TI不同,这是由发动机14和变速器10之间的输入轴12上安置了转矩消耗组件引起的,例如液压泵(未示出)和/或转矩管理装置(未示出)。
典型的变速器10包括三个行星齿轮组24、26和28,以及四个可选择性地接合的转矩传输装置,即离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73和C4 75。在这里所述的离合器指任何类型的摩擦转矩传输装置,包括例如单一或复合盘式离合器或组件、带式离合器和制动器。优选由变速器控制模块(此后称为TCM)17控制的液压控制回路42用以控制离合器的状态。离合器C2 62和C4 75优选包括应用液压的旋转摩擦离合器。离合器C1 70和C3 73优选包括液压控制的固定装置,其可以选择性地接(ground)到变速器壳68上。离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73和C4 75的每一个均优选应用液压,并选择性地通过液压控制回路42接收加压液压流体。
第一和第二电机56和72优选包括三相交流机,而各三相交流机包括定子(未示出)和转子(未示出)以及相应的旋转变压器80和82。每一电机的电动机定子被接到变速器壳68的外部,并且包括定子铁芯,其具有从其延伸的缠绕电线圈。第一电机56的转子由毂衬齿轮支撑,该毂衬齿轮通过第二行星齿轮组26可操作地附接到轴60。第二电机72的转子固定地附接到套管轴毂66。
每个旋转变压器80和82都优选包括可变磁阻装置,可变磁阻装置包括旋转变压器定子(未示出)和旋转变压器转子(未示出)。旋转变压器80和82被适当地定位并组装在各第一和第二电机56和72上。各旋转变压器80和82的定子被可操作地连接到第一和第二电机56和72的一个定子上。旋转变压器转子可操作地连接到相应第一和第二电机56和72的转子上。每一旋转变压器80和82被信号连接和可操作地连接到变速器功率转换器控制模块(以后称为TPIM)19,并且每一个都感测并监测旋转变压器转子相对于旋转变压器定子的旋转位置,从而监测第一和第二电机56和72的相应的转子的旋转位置。此外,来自旋转变压器80和82的信号输出被解译以分别提供第一和第二电机56和72的旋转速度,即NA和NB
变速器10包括输出构件64,例如轴,其可操作地连接到车辆(未示出)的传动系90以为例如车轮93提供输出功率,其中一个车轮93在图1中示出。输出功率的特征在于输出转速NO和输出转矩TO。变速器输出速度传感器84监测输出构件64的旋转速度和旋转方向。车轮93中的每一个都优选装有适于监测轮速VSS-WHL的传感器94,用以确定车速以及车轮的绝对和相对速度,从而进行制动控制、牵引力控制和车辆加速管理,其中传感器94的输出由图8中描述的分布控制模块系统中的控制模块监测。
来自发动机14和第一、第二电机56和72的输入转矩(分别是TI、TA和TB)作为由燃油或存储在电能存储装置(此后称为ESD)74中的电势进行能量转化的结果产生。ESD74通过直流传输导体27高电压直流耦合到TPIM19上。直流传输导体27包括接触器开关38。当接触器开关38闭合时,在正常情况下,电流可以在ESD74和TPIM19之间流动。当接触器开关38打开的时候,ESD74和TPIM19之间的电流流动被中断。TPIM19通过传输导体29向第一电机56传输电能和从第一电机56接收电能,并且TPIM19类似地通过传输导体31向第二电机72传输电能和从第二电机72接收电能,以响应于对第一电机56和第二电机72发出的转矩请求达到输入转矩TA和TB。根据ESD74是充电还是放电来向ESD74传输电流或从ESD74传输电流。
TPIM19包括一对功率转换器(未示出)以及相应的电动机控制模块(未示出),该电动机控制模块被设置成从其接收转矩指令和控制转换器的状态,以提供电动机驱动或再生功能来适应所指令的电机转矩TA和TB。功率转换器包括已知的互补(complementary)三相功率电力装置,并且每一个都包括多个用于将ESD74的直流功率转换为交流功率的绝缘栅双极型晶体管(未示出),其通过高频下的切换来为第一电机56和第二电机72中的相应者提供功率。绝缘栅双极型晶体管形成开关模式的功率供应,其设置为接收控制指令。对于每一三相电机的每一相位都典型地具有一对绝缘栅双极型晶体管。绝缘栅双极型晶体管的状态被控制以提供电动机驱动的机械功率再生或电功率的再生功能。三相转换器通过直流传输导体27接收或供应直流电功率,并将其变换成三相交流功率或从三相交流功率变换,此后分别通过传输导体29和31向第一和第二电机56、72传导或从第一和第二电机56、72传导以作为电动机或发电机运行。
图2是分布控制模块系统的示意性框图。此后所述的元件包括整个车辆控制结构的子集,并提供对图1所示的典型动力系的协调系统控制。分布控制模块系统将相关信息和输入合成,并执行算法来控制各种致动器来达到控制目的,其中控制目的包括与燃油经济性、排放、性能、驾驶性能和硬件保护相关的目的,而硬件包括ESD74的电池和第一、第二电机56和72。分布控制模块系统包括发动机控制模块(此后称为ECM)23、TCM17、电池组控制模块(此后称为BPCM)21和TPIM19。混合动力控制模块(此后称为HCP)5为ECM23、TCM17、BPCM21和TPIM19提供监督控制和协调。用户界面(UI)13可操作地连接到多个装置,通过这些装置,车辆驾驶员控制或导引电动-机械混合动力系的运行。所述多个装置包括加速踏板113(AP)、驾驶员制动踏板112(BP)、变速器档位选择器114(PRNDL)和车速导航控制器(未示出),从加速踏板113确定驾驶员转矩请求。变速器档位选择器114可具有多个非连续的位置供驾驶员选择,包括输出构件64的旋转方向以使得输出构件64可以向前和向后旋转。
前述的控制模块通过局域网(此后称为LAN)总线6与其它控制模块、传感器和致动器进行传输。LAN总线6允许在各种控制模块之间进行运行参数和致动器指令信号的状态的有序传输。使用的是面向应用的特殊传输协议。LAN总线6和适合的协议在前述控制模块和提供包括例如防抱死制动、牵引控制和车辆稳定性等功能的其它控制模块之间提供鲁棒通信和多控制模块界面连接。多条通信总线可用于改进传输速度和提供一定等级的信号余裕度和完整性。在各个控制模块之间的通信也可以使用直接连接技术(direct link),例如串行外围接口(SPI)总线(未示出)实现。
HCP5为动力系提供监督控制,用于协调ECM23、TCM17、TPIM19和BPCM21的运行。基于各种来自用户界面13和包括ESD74的动力系的输入信号,HCP5生成多种指令,包括:驾驶员转矩请求(‘TO_REQ’);传送至传动系90的指令输出转矩(‘TCMD’);发动机输入转矩请求;变速器10的转矩传输离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73和C4 75的离合器转矩;以及分别用于第一和第二电机56和72的转矩请求。TCM17可操作地连接到液压控制回路42并提供各种功能,包括监测各种压力传感设备(未示出)和产生并向各种螺线管(未示出)传输控制信号,从而控制液压控制回路42中的压力开关和控制阀。
ECM23可操作地连接到发动机14,用以通过多条离散线路从传感器和发动机14的控制致动器获取数据,其中线路简化表示为聚集的双向接口电缆35。ECM23从HCP5接收发动机输入转矩请求。ECM23基于监测到的发动机转速和负载来及时确定在那个点提供给变速器10的实际发动机输入转矩TI,该实际发动机输入转矩TI被传输到HCP5。ECM23监测来自转速传感器11的输入来确定传给输入轴12的发动机输入速度,该速度被译为变速器输入速度NI。ECM23监测来自传感器(未示出)的输入来确定其它发动机运行参数的状态,包括例如:歧管压力、发动机冷却液温度、环境空气温度和环境压力。发动机负载例如可以通过歧管压力或者通过监测驾驶员对加速踏板113的输入确定得出。ECM23产生并传输指令信号以控制发动机致动器,包括例如燃油喷射器、点火模块和节气门控制模块,这些均未示出。
TCM17可操作地连接到变速器10并监测来自传感器(未示出)的输入来确定变速器运行参数的状态。TCM17产生并传输指令信号以控制变速器10,包括控制液压控制回路42。从TCM17到HCP5的输入包括每个离合器即C1 70、C262、C3 73和C4 75的估计离合器转矩,和输出构件64的输出转速NO。其它致动器和传感器可用于从TCM17向HCP5提供附加信息以用于控制。TCM17监测来自压力开关(未示出)的输入并选择性地致动液压控制回路42的压力控制螺线管(未示出)和移位螺线管(未示出)以选择性地致动各个离合器C1 70、C2 62、C373和C4 75,从而如下文所述那样获得多个变速器运行范围状态。
BPCM21信号连接到传感器(未示出)以监控ESD74,包括电流和电压参数状态,以向HCP5提供表示ESD74的电池参数状态的信息。电池的参数状态优选包括电池充电状态、电池电压、电池温度和可用的电池功率,该电池功率处于PBAT_MIN到PBAT_MAX之间的范围。
控制模块ECM23、TCM17、TPIM19、BPCM21中的每一个优选是通用的数字计算机,其包括微处理器或中央处理器、包括只读存储器(ROM)、随机存取存储器(RAM)和电可编程只读存储器(EPROM)的存储介质、高速时钟、模数(A/D)电路和数模(D/A)电路、输入/输出电路和装置(I/O)以及适当的信号调节和缓冲电路。每一控制模块具有一套控制算法,包括常驻程序指令和校准,其存储在其中一个存储介质中并被执行以为每台计算机提供相应功能。在控制模块之间的信息传输优选利用LAN总线6和SPI总线实施。控制算法在预定循环期间执行以使得每一算法在每个循环内至少执行一次。存储在非易失存储器装置中的算法利用一个中央处理器执行以监测传感设备的输入,并利用预定校准执行控制和诊断程序以控制致动器的运行。循环以规律的间隔执行,例如在动力系的运行过程中每隔3.125、6.25、12.5、25和100毫秒执行一次。可替代地,算法可以响应于事件的发生执行。
典型动力系在多个运行范围状态中的一个下选择性地运行,这些运行范围状态可利用包括发动机开状态(ON)和发动机关状态(OFF)之一的发动机状态和变速器状态来描述,变速器状态包括多个固定档位和连续可变运行模式,均在下面的表1中示出。
表1
 
描述 发动机状态 变速器运行范围状态 应用的离合器
MI_Eng_Off EVT模式I C170
MI_Eng_On EVT模式I C170
FG1 固定传动比1 C170  C475
FG2 固定传动比2 C170  C262
MII_Eng_Off EVT模式II C262
MII_Eng_On EVT模式II C262
FG3 固定传动比3 C262  C475
FG4 固定传动比4 C262  C373
每一变速器运行范围状态在表中表示,并示出了具体离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73、C4 75中的哪几个被应用于各个运行范围状态。第一连续可变模式,即EVT模式I或MI仅在为了“停止(ground)”第三行星齿轮组28的外齿轮构件时通过应用离合器C1 70来选择。发动机状态可以是开(‘MI_Eng_On’)或关(‘MI_Eng_Off’)中的一种。第二连续可变模式即模式通过仅应用离合器C2 2来选择以将轴60连接到第三行星齿轮组的行星架发动机状态可以是开(‘MII_Eng_On’)或关(‘MII_Eng_Off’)中的一种。为了叙述的需要,当发动机状态为关时,发动机输入转速为0转每分(RPM),即发动机曲轴不旋转。固定档位运行提供变速器10的输入—输出速度即NI/NO的固定比值运行。第一固定档位运行(FG1)通过应用离合器C1 70和C4 75来选择。第二固定档位运行(FG2)通过应用离合器C1 70和C2 62来选择。第三固定档位运行(FG3)通过应用离合器C2 62和C4 75来选择。第四固定档位运行(FG4)通过应用离合器C2 62和C3 73来选择。由于行星齿轮组24、26和28的传动比降低,固定档位增加,随之输入—输出速度的固定比值也增加。第一电机56和第二电机72的旋转速度分别为NA和NB,其依赖于由离合器限定的机构的内部旋转,并与输入轴12处测量的输入速度成比例。
响应于通过加速踏板113和制动踏板112进行且通过用户界面13采集的驾驶员输入,HCP5和一个或更多的其他控制模块确定指令输出转矩TCMD,以满足在输出构件64处执行且传递到传动系90的驾驶员转矩请求TO_REQ。车辆的最终加速度受包括例如道路负载、道路坡度和车辆质量在内的其他因素影响。变速器10的运行范围状态基于动力系的多种运行特征确定。这包括驾驶员转矩请求,其如前述那样通过加速踏板113和制动踏板112传输到用户界面13。运行范围状态可基于动力系转矩需求预测,该转矩需求由在电能生成模式或转矩生成模式下运行第一和第二电机56和72的指令产生。运行范围状态可通过最优化算法或程序确定,该最优化算法或程序例如在HCP5的混合动力策略控制模块中开始,该策略控制模块基于驾驶员的功率需求、电池的充电状态,以及发动机14和第一及第二电机56和72的能量效率来确定最优化的系统效率。控制系统基于执行的最优化程序的结果,管理来自发动机14和第一及第二电机56和72的转矩输入,并且系统效率由此被最优化以管理燃油经济性和电池充电。另外,可基于部件或系统中的故障而确定操作。HCP5监测转矩生成装置,并且确定所需的来自变速器10的功率输出,从而获得期望输出转矩以达到驾驶员的转矩请求。从以上说明中可以显见的是,ESD74和第一及第二电机56和72被电气地和可操作地耦合以实现其间的功率流。另外,发动机14、第一和第二电机56和72,以及电动-机械变速器10被机械地和可操作地耦合以在其间传输功率,从而产生流向输出构件64的功率流。
如上所述,为了保持驾驶性能而管理输出转矩在对混合动力系的控制中处于优先地位。响应于通过变速器施加的输出转矩请求的变化的任何转矩变化,都会导致施加到传动系的输出转矩的变化,由此导致车辆推进力的变化和车辆加速度的变化。转矩请求的变化可以来自:驾驶员的输入,例如与驾驶员转矩请求相关的踏板位置;车辆中自动控制的变化,例如巡航控制或其他控制策略;或响应于环境条件的发动机变化,例如车辆经历上坡或下坡。通过控制施加到混合动力系内的变速器的多种输入转矩的变化,车辆加速度的突变可以被控制并被最小化,以减小对驾驶性能的不利影响。
如同本领域技术人员所公知的,任何控制系统都包含反应时间。动力系运行点的变化由控制信号的变化驱动,动力系运行点包括实现所期望的车辆运行所需的动力系的各种部件的速度和转矩。这些控制信号的变化作用于动力系的各种部件,并且根据这些部件各自的反应时间使它们中的每一个产生反应。应用到混合动力系则是,指示新的转矩请求的控制信号的任何变化,在每个受影响的转矩生成装置中产生反应以对各输入转矩执行所需的变化,该控制信号的变化例如是被驾驶员转矩请求的变化驱动的或是执行变速器换档所需的。从发动机供给的输入转矩的变化由设定发动机生成的转矩的发动机转矩请求控制,例如经由ECM控制。发动机内对发动机转矩请求变化的反应时间受多个因素的影响,这些因素已在本领域内公知,并且发动机运行的变化特点高度依赖于所采用的发动机的特点和所利用的燃烧模式(或多个燃烧模式)。在一些情形下,发动机对转矩请求变化的反应时间是混合动力系的部件中最长的反应时间。电机内对转矩请求变化的反应时间包括激活必要的开关、继电器或其他控制器的时间和随着应用的电功率的变化而对电机通电或者不通电的时间。
图3图示了根据本发明的典型混合动力系的部件对转矩请求变化的反应时间。举例说明了包括发动机和两个电机的典型混合动力系系统的部件。说明了由每个转矩生成装置产生的输入转矩的转矩请求和带来的变化。如上所述,这一数据显示出,电机快速响应转矩请求的变化,而发动机对转矩请求变化的追随则比较慢。
公开了一种方法,其中混合动力系内的发动机的反应时间和一个或多个电机的反应时间被利用,以并行控制用于控制发动机的提前即时转矩请求和用于控制电机的即时转矩请求,为了基本实现输入转矩的同时变化,通过各自的反应时间协调这些转矩请求。
如上所述,因为众所周知,来自发动机的输入转矩的变化相比于来自电机的输入转矩的变化总是有更长的反应时间,所以公开的方法的典型实施例可以实现如上所述的使发动机和电机的转矩请求的变化平行动作,包括对反应更快的装置即电动机的提前期。这一提前期可以通过建模或其他的适于精确预测发动机和电机运行的技术实验性地、经验性地、预测性地获取,并且同一混合动力系可以使用多个提前期,这取决于不同的发动机设置、条件、运行和范围,以及车况。根据本发明,可与测试数据或对装置的反应时间的估计值结合使用来计算提前期的典型方程,包括如下的方程1:
Tlead=Tlead Reaction-TImmediate Reaction      [1]
其中Tlead等于此处所述方法中所用的提前期。这个方程假定使用了两个转矩生成装置。Tlead Reaction代表具有较长反应时间的装置的反应时间,TImmediate Reaction代表具有较短反应时间的装置的反应时间。如果使用了不同的系统,例如,系统包括具有长提前期的发动机、具有中等提前期的第一电机和具有短提前期的第二电机,则提前期可比较所有的转矩生成装置而获得。在这一典型系统中,如果包含所有三个转矩发生装置,两个提前期,即发动机和每个电机比较各获得一个提前期,将被用来同步每个装置的响应。同一系统在不同时刻可以在发动机关闭并从变速器脱离的情况下运行,并且比较第一电机和第二电机的提前期将用来同步两个电机的响应。这样,可以获得用以协调多个转矩生成装置之间的反应时间的提前期。
一种为了使输出转矩响应于驾驶员转矩请求的变化发生基本同步的变化而利用提前期来执行不同转矩生成装置的并行转矩请求的典型方法包括:向发动机指令发出基本即时的变化;在发动机内部建立对新的发动机输出转矩的变化。为了将总输入转矩的所需一部分提供给变速器以推动车辆,这一新的发动机输出转矩连同电动机运行状态,仍旧由HCP管理。从发动机转矩指令发生变化这一点开始,考虑到上述的发动机和电机之间在反应时间上的差别,提前期开始流逝。在提前期终止之后,为了满足驾驶员转矩请求的一部分,发到电机或多个电机的、由HCP管理的转矩请求的变化被执行,并且电机改变电机输出转矩。由于协调的指令和提前期的选择,由发动机和电机提供的转矩基本同时改变。
变速器—例如图1所示的典型变速器—中的换档,经常牵涉到卸载第一离合器、经惯性速度阶段状态过渡、以及接下来加载第二离合器。在传统地仅仅利用发动机提供动力的车辆的变速器中,变速器从一个固定档位状态到另一个固定档位状态的变速中的变化经常包括卸载第一离合器、允许车辆短暂滑行,以及之后加载第二离合器。然而,如图1和以上的表1所述,混合动力系的变速器中的离合器经常成对或成组应用,并且变速器的换档可仅仅牵涉到卸载所应用的离合器之一,并随后加载另一个离合器,同时在换档的整个过程中保持第三离合器的接合。图4体现了根据本发明的特别如图1和表1中的典型实施例中所描述的典型混合动力系变速器的档位过渡关系。NI相对于NO作图。在任何固定档位状态,NO都由相应的沿着固定档位状态线的NI来确定。在EVT模式I或EVT模式II下的运行可以在图上所示的相应区域中发生,在EVT模式I或EVT模式II中使用了连续可变的传动比以从固定的输入速度提供动力。如图1的典型实施例中所述的离合器C1-C4的状态在表1中被描述。例如,在第二固定档位状态下的运行需要应用或加载离合器C1和C2,并且不用或不加载离合器C3和C4。同时图4描述了在图1所示的典型动力系中可能的档位转换,本领域技术人员可以理解的是,这种对档位转换的描述对混合动力系的任何变速器都是可能的,并且本发明不限于此处描述的特定的实施例。
图4可描述在前述的固定档位状态或EVT模式下的典型系统的运行,并且也可用来描述多个变速器运行范围状态之间的换档转换。图上的区域和线条描述了转换期间的运行范围状态的运行。例如,EVT模式区域内的固定档位状态之间的转换需要在固定档位状态之间的EVT模式下进行瞬时运行。相似地,从EVT模式I到EVT模式II的转换需要经位于两个模式之间的边界的第二固定档位状态过渡。
根据图1和4及表1,进一步描述了从第三固定档位状态到第四固定档位状态的典型变速器换档。参照图4,开始和优选运行范围状态都存在于EVT模式II的区域内。因此,从第三档位状态到第四档位状态的转换需要首先从第三固定档位状态切换到EVT模式II,之后从EVT模式II切换到第四固定档位状态。参照表1,以第三固定档位状态开始的混合动力系变速器将应用离合器C2和C4。表1进一步描述了在EVT模式II下的运行,EVT模式II是第一次切换的目标,包括应用离合器C2。因此,从第三固定档位状态到EVT模式II的切换需要离合器C4从被应用转变到不被应用的状态,并且需要保持应用离合器C2。另外,表1描述了在第四固定档位模式下的运行,即第二次切换的目标,其中离合器C2和C3被应用。因此,从EVT模式II到第四固定档位状态的切换需要应用且加载离合器C3,并且需要保持应用离合器C2。因此,离合器C4和C3在典型的换档过程中被转换,而离合器C2在整个换档事件过程中保持应用并将转矩传输到传动系。
图4示出了用于控制与管理动力系系统中的转矩与功率流的控制系统结构,该控制系统结构以可执行算法与校准的形式常驻于以上提及的控制模块中,该动力系系统具有多个转矩生成装置,以下参照图1与2中示出的混合动力系系统进行描述。控制系统结构可以用于任意具有多个转矩生成装置的动力系系统,包括,例如,具有单个电机的混合动力系系统,具有多个电机的混合动力系系统,以及非混合动力系系统。
图4的控制系统结构描绘了通过控制模块的相关信号流。在运行中,监控驾驶员对加速踏板113与制动踏板112的输入,以确定驾驶员转矩请求(‘TO_REQ’)。监控发动机14与变速器10的运行,以确定输入速度(‘NI’)以及输出速度(‘NO’)。策略优化控制方案(‘策略控制’)310基于输出速度与驾驶员转矩请求确定优选输入速度(‘NI_DES’)以及优选发动机状态与变速器运行范围状态(‘优选混合动力范围状态’),并且基于混合动力系的其他运行参数优化,该其他运行参数包括电池功率限制与发动机14、变速器10以及第一与第二电机56与72的响应限制。策略优化控制方案310优选地在每100ms循环和每25ms循环周期内由HCP5执行。
换档执行和发动机启动/停止控制方案(‘换档执行和发动机启动/停止’)320利用策略优化控制方案310的输出来指令变速器运行中的变化(‘变速器指令’),包括改变运行范围状态。如果优选的运行范围状态不同于当前的运行范围状态,那么通过下达改变离合器C1 70,C2 62,C3 73和C4 75中的一个或多个的应用情况的指令及其他变速器指令,来执行运行范围状态的变化。可以确定当前运行范围状态(‘目前混合动力状态’)和输入速度曲线(‘NI_Prof’)。输入速度曲线是对将要发生的输入速度的预测并且优选地包含标量参数值,该标量参数值是即将来临的循环周期的目标输入速度。发动机运行指令和驾驶员转矩请求基于变速器的运行范围状态转换期间的输入速度曲线。
战术控制方案(‘战术控制和运行’)330在一个控制循环周期内被反复执行以确定运行发动机的发动机指令(‘发动机指令’),包括基于输出速度、输入速度以及驾驶员转矩请求和变速器的当前运行范围状态而确定的从发动机14输出给变速器10的优选输入转矩。发动机指令还包括发动机状态,发动机状态包括全汽缸运行状态和汽缸失活运行状态中的一个,后者是指发动机的部分汽缸不运行且不添加燃料,发动机状态包括燃料供给状态和燃料断供状态中的一个。
在TCM 17中估算每个离合器的离合器转矩(‘Tcl’),包括当前应用的离合器和未应用的离合器,在ECM 23中确定与输入构件12相作用的当前发动机输入转矩(‘TI’)。执行电动机转矩控制方案(‘输出和电动机转矩确定’)340以确定来自于动力系的优选输出转矩(‘TO_CMD’),在此实施例中其包括控制第一及第二电机56和72的电动机转矩指令(‘TA’和‘TB’)。优选的输出转矩是基于每个离合器的估算离合器转矩、来自发动机14的当前输入转矩,当前运行范围状态、输入速度、驾驶员转矩请求以及输入速度曲线而确定的。通过TPIM 19控制第一及第二电机56和72来满足基于优选输出转矩的优选电动机转矩指令。电动机转矩控制方案340包括算法代码,其定期地在6.25ms和12.5ms的循环周期内被执行以确定优选的电动机转矩指令。
图5是根据本发明,举例说明换档执行过程中的数据流的示意图,更为详细地描述例如图4所示系统等控制系统结构的典型执行的更多细节。描述的动力系控制系统400包括几个混合动力驱动部件,包括发动机410、电机420和离合器液压装置430。描述了用以处理信息并向发动机410、电机420和离合器液压装置430发出控制指令的控制模块:策略控制模块310、换档执行模块450、离合器容限控制模块460、战术控制和运行模块330、输出和电动机转矩确定模块340和离合器控制模块490。这些控制模块可在物理上分离,可在多个不同的控制装置中被分组到一起,或者可全部在单个物理控制装置内执行。模块310,即策略控制模块,执行关于如图4所示的优选动力系运行点和优选运行范围状态的决定。模块450,即换档执行模块,从策略控制模块310和涉及换档初始的其他源接收输入。模块450处理关于当前应用到离合器的反作用转矩和将转换到的优选运行范围状态的输入。模块450之后进行编程,确定用于换档执行的参数,包括描述转矩提供装置所需输入转矩的平衡的混合动力范围状态参数,关于为过渡至优选运行范围状态所需的目标输入速度和提前预测输入加速度的细节,如前所述的提前即时输入加速度,以及如前所述的提前即时离合器反作用转矩的最小/最大值和即时离合器反作用转矩最小/最大值。从模块450,反作用转矩参数和混合动力范围状态信息被馈送到离合器容限控制模块460,提前控制参数和信号被馈送到战术控制和运行模块330,即时控制参数和信号被馈送到输出和电动机转矩确定模块340。离合器容限控制模块460处理反作用转矩和混合动力范围状态信息,并且根据此处所述的方法生成描述离合器反作用转矩极限的逻辑,以便能够通过模块330控制发动机、通过模块340控制电机,以及通过模块490控制离合器。战术控制和运行模块330包括发出转矩请求并执行由发动机410提供的输入转矩限制的手段,并且馈送进而描述从发动机提供到模块340的用于电机420控制的输入转矩。输出和电动机转矩确定模块340同样地接收和处理信息,以将电机转矩请求发至电机420。另外,模块340生成由离合器控制模块490使用的离合器反作用转矩指令。模块490处理来自模块340的信息,并且为了达到运行变速器所需的离合器转矩容限而发出液压指令。该数据流的特定实施例示出了一个可能的典型过程,通过该过程,车辆转矩生成装置和相关的离合器可根据此处公开的方法而被控制。本领域的普通技术人员可以理解的是,所采用的特定处理可以变化,并且本发明不限制于此处描述的特定的典型实施例。
如以上公开的方法中所描述的那样,公开了并行使用发动机指令与电机指令,以控制不同转矩生成装置对驾驶员转矩请求变化反应的不同反应时间。驾驶员转矩请求变化可包括在特定变速器运行范围状态中所需输出转矩的简单变化,或者,驾驶员转矩请求变化可以结合不同运行范围状态之间的变速器换档而被要求。结合变速器换档的驾驶员转矩请求变化比包含在单个运行范围状态中的变化更复杂,因为如上所述,为了在不发生打滑的情况下,将应用的转矩从第一离合器转换至先前未应用的第二离合器,必须管理各个混合动力系部件的转矩与轴速。
变速器的换档,例如图1的典型变速器的换档,通常包括卸载第一离合器,经惯性速度阶段状态过渡,并且随后加载第二离合器。在仅使用发动机的传统动力车辆的变速器中,变速器从一个固定档位状态至另一固定档位状态的变化通常包括卸载第一离合器,其允许车辆短暂滑行,并且随后加载第二离合器。然而,如与图1及表1相关联地在以上描述的那样,混合动力系变速器中的离合器通常成对或成组使用,变速器中的换档可以包括仅卸载一个应用的离合器,并且随后加载另一个离合器,同时贯穿换档过程保持第三离合器的接合。图6示出了根据本发明的,尤其如图1与表1中描绘的典型实施例的典型混合动力系变速器的档位转换关系。NI对应于NO绘制。在任意固定档位状态,NO均由沿固定档位状态线的相应的NI确定。EVT模式I或EVT模式II的运行可以在曲线上示出的各个区域发生,其中,在EVT模式I或EVT模式II中,利用连续可变传动比从固定输入速度提供动力。如图1的典型实施例中描绘的,离合器C1-C4的状态在表1中描述出。例如,以第二固定档位状态运行需要应用或加载离合器C1与C2,并且不应用或不加载C3与C4。同时图6描绘了在图1所示的典型动力系中可能发生的档位转换,本领域技术人员应该知道的是,这种档位转换的描述对于任意混合动力系的变速器均是可能的,并且本发明并不仅限于此处描述的特定实施例。
图6可以描绘如上所述的处于固定档位状态或EVT模式的典型系统的运行,并且可以用于描述各种变速器运行范围状态之间的档位转换。曲线上的区域和线描绘贯穿转换过程的运行范围状态的运行。例如,在EVT模式区域中的固定档位状态之间的转换需要在固定档位状态之间以EVT模式瞬时运行。同样,从EVT模式I至EVT模式II的转换需要通过位于两个模式之间的边界处的第二固定档位状态过渡。
根据图1及表1,进一步描述了从第三固定档位状态到第四固定档位状态的典型变速器换档。参照图6,开始和优选运行范围状态都存在于EVT模式II的区域内。因此,从第三档位状态到第四档位状态的转换需要首先从第三固定档位状态切换到EVT模式II,之后从EVT模式II切换到第四固定档位状态。参照表1,以第三固定档位状态开始的混合动力系变速器将应用离合器C2和C4。表1进一步描述了在EVT模式II下的运行,EVT模式II是第一次切换的目标,包括应用离合器C2。因此,从第三固定档位状态到EVT模式II的切换需要离合器C4从被应用转变到不被应用的状态,并且需要保持应用离合器C2。另外,表1描述了在第四固定档位模式下的运行,即第二次切换的目标,其中离合器C2和C3被应用。因此,从EVT模式II到第四固定档位状态的切换需要应用且加载离合器C3,并且需要保持应用离合器C2。因此,离合器C4和C3在典型的换档过程中被转换,而离合器C2在整个换档事件过程中保持应用并将转矩传输到传动系。
通过基于各个部件的反应时间,协调对各个转矩生成装置的信号指令,可以调节通过变速器换档产生的输入转矩与输入速度的变化,以减小对操纵性能的负面影响。多离合器变速器中的变速器换档可以分解为几个阶段:转矩阶段,包括将选择的离合器锁定并且通过该锁定的离合器的应用程度应用或转换转矩的时期;以及惯性速度阶段,其中脱离的离合器处于为了即将到来的应用而被同步化的过程中。
在图1描绘的多离合器变速器中可以有许多不同类型的变速器换档。可以通过换档的初始与目标运行范围状态限定换档。如上所述,固定档位范围状态包括输入速度与输出速度之间的固定传动比。在图1的典型变速器中,这转化成处于接合模式中的两个离合器。在曲线上相对于时间描绘的输出速度的恒定变化率将示出如斜线般的固定传动比,斜线指示了输出速度变化率与传动比。EVT模式范围状态包括这样一种变速器设置,其中,输入速度与输出速度相互独立。输入速度通常以该EVT模式中的运行范围的某些经校准的最优输入速度运行,并且操纵变速器中的行星齿轮组以改变输出速度。输出速度的恒定变化率将对以恒定速度运行并且在曲线上相对于时间描绘的输入速度不产生影响,EVT模式将显示为水平线。曲线上的运行范围状态之间的换档优选在一时间段内呈现出或正或负的恒定输入速度加速度,并且表示出从一个运行范围状态至另一个运行范围状态的转换。
图7-10描绘了根据本发明的多种典型变速器换档。全部四幅图均采用了输出速度的恒定加速度,尽管各图之间的比率有所不同。图7示出了从固定档位状态至固定传动比状态的换档。描绘了两条虚线,表示在固定档位运行下可能的输入速度,该固定档位运行在一时间段内采用恒定增加的输出速度。即时输入速度曲线描绘了输入速度,该输入速度经惯性速度阶段从初始输入速度变化到同步换档至目标运行范围状态所需的输入速度。一旦输入速度达到目标输入速度,同步化的离合器便能够锁定,并且转矩可以通过转矩阶段传递至离合器。图8示出了与图7相似的换档,除了初始运行范围状态为EVT模式外。如图7中那样,在图8中也是以惯性速度阶段启动,其中,输入速度从初始输入速度变化到同步换档至目标运行范围状态所需的输入速度。图9示出了与图8相似的换档,除了图9中采用的输出速度的恒定变化率为负的外。运行范围状态初始为EVT模式,并且一旦启动向固定档位状态的换档,就启动惯性速度阶段,其中,输入速度从初始输入速度变化到同步换档至目标运行范围状态所需的输入速度。图10示出了从固定档位状态至EVT模式的换档。尽管图10中的换档与前几幅图中的换档有一些相似,但向EVT模式的换档具有独特的特性,即,不需要惯性速度阶段,在EVT模式中,变速器中锁定的离合器从两个变化至一个。当需要锁定以便能够进行固定档位状态运行的离合器之一脱离时,剩下的锁定的离合器限定目标EVT模式下的运行。不需要同步,并且输入速度自由地转换至经校准最优输入速度,该经校准最优输入速度被编程以用于EVT模式下的运行。
当可以使用一过程来在离合器加载或卸载事件中依次完成必要步骤,且离合器转矩容限保持超出反作用转矩时,包括在解锁转换中的时间对于操纵性能也很重要。因此,这有利于并行执行相关联的转矩请求与离合器容限指令,同时,仍作用以防止打滑。旨在对与变速器换档相关联的离合器状态变化起作用的控制变化的这种并行执行优选地以尽可能短的时间跨度发生。因此,如在以上的典型实施例中描述的,变速器换档所涉及的离合器的转矩容限和发动机与电机的转矩请求的协调对于在变速器换档过程中保持操纵性能也很重要。图11-图13描绘了根据本发明结合以实现典型变速器换档的典型过程。
图11是根据本发明在典型过渡性解锁状态下与离合器关联的转矩项的图示。图中最左端示出的线描绘了在锁定状态下的离合器运行。图中描绘了离合器控制系统控制的离合器指令转矩和作为结果的估计转矩容限。离合器中由指令转矩引起的离合器转矩容限是许多因素的结果,这些因素包括可用的夹紧压力、离合器的设计和条件因素、离合器对离合器控制系统的变化的反应时间。如最初的锁定区域中的图的典型数据中所表明的那样,已知的是给锁定的离合器指令一超过其离合器容限的转矩,并且允许影响该离合器的其他因素来确定最终的离合器容限。仍在描绘处于锁定状态下的离合器运行的图的最左端,描绘了作为来自发动机和电机转矩的输入转矩的结果而作用到离合器的估计反作用转矩。在标注“开始未锁定状态”的时间,离合器控制系统或TCM内的、已确定需要将离合器从锁定状态转换到未锁定状态的逻辑操作,将指令转矩改变至低于转矩容限但仍高于当前作用到离合器的反作用转矩的某个水平。在这一点,离合器控制系统中的机构,例如,典型液压离合器控制系统中的可变压力控制螺线管,改变设置以调节离合器中的夹紧力。因此,离合器的转矩容限开始随着应用到离合器的夹紧力变化而变化。如上所述,在反应时间内离合器就转矩指令的变化做出反应,而特定离合器的反应时间将取决于应用特点。在图11所示的示例性图中,转矩容限就转矩指令的减小做出反应且开始相应地减小。
如上所述,在同一非锁定状态期间,由输入转矩和电机转矩引起的反作用转矩也必须从离合器卸载。如果在处于非锁定状态的整个过程中反作用转矩未被保持低于转矩容限,则会导致不期望的打滑。在非锁定状态的初始时,在图11上的基本同一点处,转矩容限减小以启动非锁定状态,限制开始出现并施加于来自发动机和电机的转矩以实现将每个转矩降至0。如在此处公开的方法和以上描述的示例性实施例中所述,包括发动机转矩即时请求和即时转矩请求的限制的变化在协调处理中被执行,履行一提前期,该提前期被校准为各个转矩提供装置的反应时间,使得作为结果的来自这些装置的输入转矩基本同时减小。图11示出了一种通过对转矩请求施加限制来对转矩请求进行这种协调改变的方法,其中对转矩请求施加的限制是以下述两种形式:用于限制发动机转矩即时请求的离合器反作用转矩提前即时最小/最大值、和用于限制对电机的转矩请求的离合器反作用转矩即时最小/最大值。这些最大反作用转矩值代表允许从每个转矩提供装置指令的最大转矩:实际发动机转矩即时请求和实际即时转矩请求可小于最大反作用转矩值,但是随着最大值减小,实际转矩请求值也最终减小。来自发动机和电机的输入转矩每个最高到所限定的最大值,它们一起提供总输入转矩的一部分,各自的那部分都被HCP控制。由于被校准的提前期,离合器反作用转矩提前即时最小/最大值和离合器反作用转矩即时最小/最大值基本同时减小作用到离合器的反作用转矩,这导致了如图11所示的实际离合器反作用转矩的减小。如同本领域技术人员可以理解的那样,还需要额外使用其他安全措施来确保在整个卸载过程中转矩容限保持超过反作用转矩。仔细考虑了许多这样的方法,可被使用的示例性项的集合如图11所示。例如,经校准补偿项可被用来确保设定离合器容限的指令保持超过实际离合器反作用转矩,直到实际转矩达到某个阈值以下。用于这一目的的示例性阈值在图11中定义为用于反作用转矩的经校准阈值。在保持这一转矩容限请求大于实际离合器反作用转矩时(记住包括离合器夹紧机构在内的所有装置都对请求变化具有反应时间),响应于离合器指令变化的转矩容限变化的滞后与该补偿项一起,将使转矩容限保持超过实际离合器反作用转矩。另外,另一阈值,用于转矩估计的经校准阈值,可被用于限定该转矩阶段的端点。例如,如果离合器转矩容限的估计值在经校准时间段内保持低于该阈值,则该离合器可以被确定将要处于未锁定状态,其中离合器转矩容限的估计值由算法建模离合器运行来确定。
图12是根据本发明的在典型过渡性锁定状态下与离合器关联的转矩项的图示。如上所述,在一些变速器换档事件中,第二离合器被同步且锁定,并且反作用转矩经离合器传递。图中最左端示出的线表示非锁定状态下的离合器运行。锁定状态的开始需要一系列必要的从属指令以将离合器从非锁定状态转换到锁定状态。如上文中与变速器换档中向转矩阶段的转换相关联地描述的那样,离合器,包括与提供即将到来的转矩的轴连接的轴以及与输出构件连接的轴,必须被同步。一旦附接于这些轴的离合器连接表面已变薄并以相同的转速运动,夹紧力便可开始作用到离合器上,以将离合器引入锁定状态并开始增加离合器的转矩容限。如上文中关于避免在转矩阶段打滑的叙述所示,离合器容限必须在离合器的反作用转矩能被增加之前增加。为了使跨离合器的反作用转矩引起的输入转矩能够尽快地应用,可以预先下达指令使离合器容限增加,以实现离合器容限的初始增加与离合器达到锁定状态同时发生。通过以此处公开的方法利用提前期来顾及反应时间,能以短暂的滞后及时指令反作用转矩以追随增加的离合器转矩容限。本方法的示例性实施例,与如图11所述的向转矩请求施加限制的做法相反,根据经校准斜坡率(ramp rate)向可发送到发动机和电机的转矩请求施加限制,该斜坡率被选择以避免打滑。如图12所示,作为对电机转矩请求的限制起作用的离合器反作用转矩即时最小/最大值,在经校准提前期之后,从作为对发动机转矩请求的限制而起作用的增加的离合器反作用转矩提前即时最小/最大值的初始值起增加。根据此处公开的方法,通过利用提前期,来自发动机和电机的输入转矩的增加使作用到离合器上的反作用转矩基本同时增加。随着对转矩生成装置的限制根据应用于每个限制的经校准斜坡率而被撤销,HCP可以向发动机和电机下达指令以满足离合器所需的反作用转矩的一部分,每个最高达其最大值。这样,对发动机和电机的转矩请求被协调以补偿反应时间,来在换档事件期间使来自每个装置的输入转矩基本同时增加。
在以上典型变速器换档中所使用的经校准斜坡率是选定值,其可以快速地将输入转矩水平调节至期望范围,但同时也保持低于离合器的转矩容限以避免打滑。斜坡率可以通过建模或其他适于精确预测发动机和电机运行的技术实验性地、经验性地、预测性地获得,并且同一混合动力系可使用多个斜坡率,这取决于不同的发动机设置、条件或运行范围和控制离合器转矩容限的控制系统的性状。在解锁事件中用于降低输入转矩的斜坡率,可以但无需与在锁定事件中用于增加输入转矩的斜坡率相反。类似地,用于协调输入转矩的提前期,可以但无需与在两种变速器过渡状态下使用的时间跨度值相同,并且可根据车辆及其部件的具体特性而变化。
如上所述,在变速器换档期间,例如,在如上所述的典型变速器中定义的两个固定档位状态之间,变速器经过第一转矩阶段和第二转矩阶段之间的惯性速度阶段。在这个惯性速度阶段,原先应用的将要脱离的离合器和将要应用的、将要接合的离合器处于非锁定状态,并且输入构件开始以变得未同步之前由第一离合器两边的离合器构件享有的转速旋转。为了在第二转矩阶段实现将要应用和加载的第二离合器内的同步化,待连接到第二离合器的输入构件必须改变NI来匹配以某个新的传动比经变速器附接的传动系。在混合动力系变速器中的换档中,换档可以在下述运行范围状态中发生:其中应用至少一个离合器,同时另一个离合器正要转换至锁定状态,但保持不同步。可变的非固定状态下的变速器运行,例如上述典型的EVT模式I以及EVT模式II下的变速器运行,允许输入与输出速度的可变比率。因此,在惯性速度阶段以瞬时状态使用一种EVT模式,NI可以从初始速度转换至目标速度,同时保持变速器的TO
图13示出了根据本发明在变速器换档的惯性速度阶段完成这一同步化的示例性方法。变速器换档对描述换档过程的两个项的影响,以公用时间轴在两个区域进行描述。上方的区域描绘了NI,最初经最初应用的第一离合器连接。上方的虚线代表在换档开始之前、第一离合器处于锁定状态时NI的速度曲线。下方的虚线代表为使NI与第二离合器的输出速度同步所必须达到的NI的速度曲线。两条虚线之间的过渡线代表输入速度为了完成换档所必须发生的变化。图13的下方区域描绘了输入加速度(NI_DOT),或NI关于时间的导数。在这种情况下,NI_DOT被描述为即时输入加速度曲线、或由一个或多个电机以相对快速的反应时间驱动的加速度曲线,并且该项紧密追随实际的NI_DOT。即时输入加速度曲线显示为了将NI从处于与第一离合器同步的状态下的初始NI过渡到处于与第二离合器同步的状态下的目标输入速度所必须完成的速率变化。初始的平台部分描述了在换档开始之前输入速度增加的加速度,并且该恒定值反映了在图13上方区域的左边部分中输入速度的斜率。在换档启动的时刻,基于例如踏板位置与变速器控制系统中的算法等驾驶员输入,来就实现同步化所需的目标输入速度与产生必需的NI变化所需的目标输入加速度曲线做出决定,其中该算法包括确定优选的运行范围状态。基于NO以及完成换档后的目标运行范围状态的目标NI_DOT可以称为预测提前输入加速度曲线,并且描述必须在完成惯性速度阶段之后存在的NI_DOT。公开一种方法,以限定即时输入加速度曲线,来在惯性速度阶段根据同步换档影响NI的变化。
在惯性速度阶段限定NI_DOT的曲线由许多变量限制。如上所述,可以在换档开始时监控或描述初始NI值与NI_DOT值。目标NI值与NI_DOT值可以基于期望的运行范围状态、NO、以及例如踏板位置等动力系运行的测量值而加以描述。对初始值与目标值之间的转换的约束包括发动机响应发动机指令的物理特性及完成换档所需的时间。仅作为发动机运行的结果的NI变化,可以从节气门全开的急剧增加的NI跨越到完全切断发动机输出的急剧降低的NI。发动机指令可以在这些基于所期望的换档特性引起NI变化的极端发动机指令之间调节。发动机输出的变化可以通过节气门设置的变化来传统地实现。然而,本领域技术人员应该想到的是,这种节气门变化需要较大的提前期,如上所述,该提前期与发动机接收到发动机指令变化时产生的机械变化相关联。可替换地,在发动机输出需要通过某些适度的量以短暂的时期调节的情况下,已知一种方法,借助该方法,可以延迟点火时机或者调节燃料喷射时机,以减少燃烧循环中发动机的输出。该方法实现了发动机输出的变化快于节气门指令的变化,并且允许发动机的在先输出被快速恢复,但这种变化将较少的燃烧能量传递至活塞上的机件从而降低了燃油效率。然而,在例如需要适度的NI变化的换档等短暂时期内,通过点火或喷射变化来改变发动机的输出的可能是优选的。此外,通过上述混合动力系方法,电机可用于提升变速器输出或辅助降低发动机速度。
对初始值与目标值之间的转换的约束还包括完成换档所期望的时间。总的期望速度阶段时间可以基于例如由加速踏板位置描述的动力系运行的背景而限定。例如,全部踩下加速踏板(100%踩下踏板)的换档意味着驾驶员希望尽可能快地完成换档以及TO的任意相关减少。通过0%踩下踏板的滑行减速进行的换档意味着在不负面影响操纵性能的情况下换档时间可以相对较长。此外,初始输入速度增量可用于描述完成期望换档所需的NI的变化程度。初始输入速度增量描述了惯性速度阶段开始的那个瞬时的输入速度与如果动力系已经处于期望的运行范围状态则在那个瞬时需要的输入速度之间的差。图13中示出了典型初始输入速度增量。初始输入速度增量越大,则意味着需要在惯性速度阶段发生越大的NI变化,这需要发动机输出的更剧烈变化或更长的总期望速度阶段时间。
基于加速踏板位置和初始速度增量(delta)设置总的期望速度阶段时间的典型方法,包括使用经校准的2D查询表。图14以表格形式示出了根据本发明用来确定确定惯性速度阶段时间的典型2D查询表。加速踏板位置和初始NI增量允许进行如上所述NI所需变化的预测,接着,允许估计惯性速度阶段的时间。基于给定的输入,可估计出惯性速度阶段时间的估计值。查询表中的初始NI增量的值可跨越正值和负值,根据升档和降档考虑不同的校准。
一旦处于惯性速度阶段初始的NI的性状、基于期望运行范围状态的目标NI的性状和总的期望速度阶段时间被确定,就可以描述通过即时输入加速度曲线描述的转换了。如基于任何NI值与时间的比较可以理解的是,如通过图13的NI部分中的虚线所描述的,惯性速度阶段的NI曲线可能呈S形,该曲线具有瞬时的从初始NI和NI_DOT值开始转换的子阶段、转换到目标NI和NI_DOT值的子阶段、和连接这两个子阶段之间的中间子阶段,在NI值与时间的比较中,不同的运行范围状态具有不同的基于NO的NI预测。通过将惯性速度阶段划分为三个子阶段,可以描述止于即时输入加速度曲线的必要转换。图15根据本发明,描述了被划分为三个子阶段的典型惯性速度阶段。子阶段1描述了始于初始NI和NI_DOT值的转换。用于子阶段1或第一阶段的时间T1可通过以下方程计算:
T1=K1*总的期望速度阶段时间     [2]
其中K1是0和1之间的用于描述所期望的NI性状的校准。K1可为一变量,通过描述所需的换档特性的动力系运行背景的指示设置,或者K1可为一固定的校准值。子阶段3描述了到目标NI和NI_DOT值的转换。用于子阶段3或第三阶段的时间T3可通过以下方程计算:
T3=K3*总的期望速度阶段时间       [3]
其中K3是0和1之间的用于描述所期望的NI性状的校准,并且可以通过类似于KI的方法来设置。子阶段2描述了子阶段1和3之间的转换。时间T2或第二阶段,是定义T1和T3之后设置的总的期望速度阶段时间的剩余部分,可通过以下方程计算:
T2=总的期望速度阶段时间—T1—T3     [4]
子阶段2在图15的典型数据中被表示为直线。可以理解的是,根据总的期望速度阶段时间和典型动力系的性状,可在子阶段2的区域中限定出曲线形式的转换。然而,所描绘的直线是优选的。子阶段2中的NI曲线的斜率描述的是为了在总的期望速度阶段时间内完成所期望的惯性速度阶段而必须达到的峰值速度阶段输入加速度。在一典型方法中,在子阶段2期间NI_DOT是恒定值,这一峰值速度阶段输入加速度可通过以下方程计算:
K α = 1 1 - K 1 2 - K 3 2 - - - [ 6 ]
K β = K α * K 1 2 - - - [ 7 ]
通过描述惯性速度阶段各时期所需的NI_DOT的性状,可限定即时输入加速度曲线以在惯性速度阶段施行NI变化。
如上所述,发动机中对控制指令的反应时间相对于动力系的其他部件的反应时间来说往往较慢。结果,同时发出到发动机及即时输入加速度曲线的发动机指令会包括由此导致的NI变化的滞后。作为替代,还公开了一种方法,其中提前即时输入加速度曲线基于描述发动机反应时间的提前期而定义。这一提前期可以是和以上方程1所计算的同样的提前期,或者可以基于惯性速度阶段中发动机的具体性状而独立计算。例如,因为在NI_DOT中没有直接牵涉到电机运行,所以用于提前即时输入加速度曲线的提前期可包括一用于电机的因素,该因素帮助NI_DOT变化得比发动机在孤立状态下变化更快。如图13所示的提前即时输入加速度曲线包括惯性速度阶段开始之前的提前曲线的一部分。从固定档位状态换档时,在换档开始之后,必然在正断开离合器中发生解锁事件,这种情况下,解锁事件发生期间的时间段提供了一时段,在这个时段内,指令可在期望的NI变化前被发送到发动机。根据上述的决定,惯性速度阶段之前的这一提前对保持惯性速度阶段至总的期望速度阶段时间是有利的。在没有提前期或可获得的用以允许提前即时输入加速度曲线以实现发动机根据即时输入加速度曲线变化的提前期不足的情况下,可对惯性速度阶段作调整以补偿发动机的反应时间和所导致的NI变化的滞后。不可能有提前期的情况包括从典型的EVT模式开始的换档,其中初始时仅仅一个离合器被接合,并且惯性速度阶段可在指令下即刻启动。在这样的情况下,根据已确定的提前期,惯性速度阶段的开始可被延迟到指令被发到发动机之后。
以上方法以与正值相比的方式描述了转矩管理过程。本领域技术人员应该想到的是,离合器转矩被描述为正的与负的转矩,表示沿一个旋转方向或另一个旋转方向施加的转矩。以上方法可用于正的或负的转矩应用中,其中,转矩大小以这种方式调节,即,施加的反作用转矩的大小不超过特定离合器的转矩容限的大小。图16示出了最小与最大反作用转矩值的一个特定推论。图16以曲线形式示出了根据本发明的典型惯性速度阶段,其中,即时输入加速度曲线受到最小输入加速度约束的强加的影响。在典型的变速器换档运行中,描述了一种情况,其中,已经确定了提前即时输入加速度曲线用于惯性速度阶段中的发动机控制,并且,已经确定了相应的即时输入加速度曲线用于惯性速度阶段中的电机控制。图16描绘了两部分,包括相对于时间描述输入速度的顶部以及相对于时间描述输入加速度的底部,这两部分共享共同的时间轴。在惯性速度阶段中发动机发生负的NI_DOT或减速的情况下,这种条件大多是这样一种情况,其中,仅允许发动机通过内部摩擦以及发动机中的泵力降低速度。然而,当电机减速时,这种条件大多是在电机仍然被提供动力,或相反地,电机以发电机模式运行的情况下实现。因为电机仍在系统控制下运行,并且其运行涉及动力系系统的其他部分,所以电动机仍受到系统约束,例如,受到可获得的用以驱动电动机的电池功率约束。图16将这种系统约束施加在最小输入加速度约束中。该约束对输入速度的影响可以在曲线的顶部看到,其中,惯性速度阶段中间的直线部分被平台部分打断。在这种约束干涉即时输入加速度的位置,电机控制系统中的程序调节即时输入加速度以适应该约束。在当前的示例中,即时输入加速度曲线受到最小输入加速度约束的影响,以使得输入速度的负加速度被延迟。一旦约束不再限制电机在即时输入加速度下的运行,控制系统就会运行来将NI_DOT恢复以实现期望的NI变化。
图17以曲线形式示出了根据本发明的典型惯性速度阶段,其中,即时输入加速度曲线受到最大输入加速度约束的强加的影响。图17描绘了两部分,包括相对于时间描绘输入速度的顶部以及相对于时间描绘输入加速度的底部,此两部分共享共同的时间轴。图17与图16相似,除了在图17中施加了相反的约束,其中,输入的加速度必须至少低于强加的最大值。在表示减缓方向的加速度的负加速度背景下,如果最大输入加速度约束对即时输入加速度曲线强加变化,则输入速度比原即时输入速度曲线中初始所期望的更迅速地降低。能应用这种约束的一些示例由阻止电机维持期望的输入减速度曲线的电池放电限制引起。
从强加的输入加速度约束的影响中恢复需要重绘即时输入加速度曲线。重绘包括进行重新开始一条即时输入加速度曲线所需的计算,该即时输入加速度曲线靠近并减弱输入速度至重新计算的目标输入速度。重新计算的目标输入速度必须考虑到下述情况:施加于输入加速度的约束的任何影响都会改变达到目标速度的时间,并且,重新计算的目标输入速度是基于输出速度的假定变化率,同步化的不同时间将产生不同的目标输入速度。为了对计算的例子进行示范,包含在此的曲线中的重新计算的目标输入速度是基于恒定变化的输出速度假定的。然而,应该知道的是,输出速度可以根据换档中的任意种模式变化。利用本领域公知的方法对某一时间跨度中的输出速度进行的任意预测都可以用于产生目标输入速度,重新计算的输入速度,以及其他辅助计算。根据重绘时输入速度与重新计算的目标输入速度之间的关系,重绘可以采取多种形式。重绘可以简单到重新应用最初用于产生初始输入加速度曲线的一部分方程。在T3之前发生的重绘可以包括调节T2的持续时间,并且允许T3完成对重新计算的目标速度的消减。在不同的情况下,例如,在输入速度已经显著改变以使得初始计划的T3不能减弱至重新计算的目标速度的情况下,必须确定完全不同的曲线,包括例如不同的最大或最小输入加速度以达到重新计算的目标速度。
通过图16与17的示例应该知道的是,达到目标固定档位状态的即时输入加速度曲线中的任意变化都会具有影响目标速度的可能,为了实现同步的离合器条件,必须达到该目标速度。追踪该移动的目标速度以及指令输入速度达到新预测的目标速度的准确性,可以基于在恢复中产生受控制的循环条件的恢复曲线进行调整的目标速度,能使从输入加速度约束的强加进行的恢复变复杂。然而,在离合器打滑速度等于零的时候,达到离合器中的同步条件。当进行向固定档位状态的换档时,通过监控与描绘离合器打滑速度而不是输入速度的运行曲线,能简化该恢复过程。图18以曲线示出了根据本发明的,不受输入加速度约束影响的典型惯性速度阶段中的输入速度,输入加速度,打滑速度,以及打滑加速度的同时测量结果。该曲线中的输入速度与输入加速度描绘了如图7描绘的典型换档中描述的操作。描绘打滑速度的第三部分曲线描述了换档事件中离合器两边的构件的转速的差异。在惯性速度阶段的开始处,打滑速度很高,表示构件不同步。随着惯性速度阶段的发展,如在以上方法中描述的,通过改变输入速度以产生零打滑或同步条件,离合器构件的速度得以同步化。离合器加速度描述了达到同步条件所需的离合器打滑的变化率,该离合器加速度在底部的曲线描绘。如果描绘实现同步条件的动力系运行的曲线切换至打滑速度范围,则可以通过类似于在以上方法中描述的即时输入加速度曲线的即时打滑加速度曲线指令打滑速度中的近似S型曲线。
可以通过使用本领域公知的轴速传感器测量打滑速度,以测量离合器两边的构件的速度。在传感器输出不能直接用来描述离合器两边的构件的速度的情况下,可以从其他已知的轴速以及变速器中的关系推导,以计算离合器构件的速度。典型离合器打滑速度可以表示如下。
N打滑=N离合器构件1—N离合器构件2      [8]
以这种方式,可以测量离合器打滑,用于离合器同步。
公开了一种基于监控的打滑速度而调节即时输入加速度曲线的典型方法。如上所述,S型即时输入加速度曲线的恢复取决于曲线的哪个时段受到输入加速度约束的影响。以下计算重新计算T2时段,其足以根据达到零的打滑速度而启动T3时段。在惯性速度阶段中,限定了初始时段T1,T2以及T3,其中,这三个时段之和表示总的期望速度阶段时间(参见方程4)。当输入速度约束影响惯性速度阶段中的即时输入速度曲线时,TEND表示惯性速度阶段中约束不再影响输入加速度曲线并且输入加速度可以自由开始恢复时的时间。如果TEND发生在由T1描述的初始时段中,则T2可以根据以下方程重新计算。
T 2 = ΔN - N CONTRIB _ T 1 - N CONTRIB _ T 3 N DOT _ T 2 - - - [ 9 ]
该方程实质上表明,持续时间T2等于必须在时间T2中完成的打滑速度差除以该时间内的打滑速度变化率。ΔN等于目标打滑速度减去当前打滑速度。因为目标打滑速度等于零,ΔN因此可以由以下方程表达。
△N=—N当前           [10]
NCONIRIB_T1等于原本期望经过时段T1产生的离合器打滑速度变化减去经过时间TEND达到的任意打滑速度变化。NCONTRIB_T3等于在惯性速度阶段的初始时原本预期或限定的离合器打滑速度变化。NDOT_T2等于惯性速度阶段的转换至打滑加速度范围的峰值输入加速度。如果TEND发生在由T2描绘的原本时段中,T2可以根据以下方程重新计算。
T 2 = ΔN - N CONTRIB _ T 3 N DOT _ T 2 + T END - T 1 - - - [ 11 ]
该等式实质上表明持续时间T2等于在时间T2中必须达到的打滑速度差除以该时间内的打滑速度变化率,另外考虑已经经过了多少持续时间T2。如果TEND发生在由T3描绘的原本时段中,T2可以根据以下方程重新计算。
T 2 = MAX ( ± 8 * T 3 * N DOT _ T 2 * ΔN 2 * N DOT _ T 2 ) + T END - T 1 - T 3 - - - [ 12 ]
该方程可以通过代入以及解用于T2的以下方程得到。
TREMAINING=T1+T2+T3-TEND     [13]
N DOT _ CURRENT = N DOT _ T 2 * T REMAINING T 3 - - - [ 14 ]
ΔN = N DOT _ CURRENT * T REMAINING 2 - - - [ 15 ]
通过基于打滑速度范围将输入速度的控制转换成指令,从输入加速度约束恢复的指令的函数关系可以独立于由此产生的目标速度变化。一旦时段T2运行,T3时段中的即时输入加速度曲线的任意中断都需要判定目标运行范围状态的简单恢复是否可以通过重新开始输入加速度曲线而进行,或者是否必须进行新的判定以在全新的加速度曲线中重新限定T2与T3参数。
向目标EVT模式状态的换档可以使用用于在换档事件中脱离的离合器或变速器中的另一个离合器的离合器打滑速度范围内的指令。然而,不再把零设定为离合器打滑速度的目标,目标打滑变成相关离合器的打滑速度,该打滑速度处在与EVT模式的经校准最优输入速度下的运行相应的速度。
在上述的输入加速度约束示例中,将由控制系统施加的约束限制在即时输入加速度曲线上。为了将期望的输入加速度与牵引控制与运行模块联系起来,提前即时输入加速度曲线不受约束。以这种方式,牵引控制与运行模块可以指令发动机到达输入加速度约束不妨碍提前曲线的点。然而,仍计算输入加速度约束,并且将其用于约束输出与电动机转矩确定模块使用的曲线,以说明几个输出,包括当实际输入转矩不同于所需的输入转矩时产生的实际输入转矩。
然而,如上所述,提前控制信号往往不受施加给电机的输入加速度约束的影响,此处描述的方法仍需要作用于发动机与电机的输入的转矩变化保持同步。结果,即时输入加速度曲线的变化,例如T3时段的开始时机可以用于重调提前即时曲线的相同部分的时间,以实现转矩的同步应用。
以上方法描述了出现在理想化曲线中的数据,描述以足以基本上追踪相关NI值以及其他控制动力系所需项目的高分辨能力监控的数据。然而,应该知道的是,数据不是必须在具有这种高分辨能力的动力系中监控。此外,不同数据组能够以不同采样率监控。在本领域公知滤波器可以用来平滑噪音或低分辨能力数据。然而,已知这种滤波器会在产生的数据中引入滞后。上述方法,尤其是其中监控的数据用于确定合适的反应并且对发动机、电机、离合器或动力系的其他部分发送指令的方法中,可优选地包括指示传感器监控滞后或滤波器滞后的传感器延迟因素。
应该理解的是,在本发明范围内的修改是允许的。已经特别参考优选实施例及对其的修改描述了本发明。在阅读与理解说明书后,可以对其他内容作进一步的修改与替换。其旨在包括所有这样进入到本发明的范围之内的修改与替换。

Claims (15)

1.一种控制动力系的方法,所述动力系包括机械地和可操作地连接至内燃机与电机的电动—机械变速器,所述电动—机械变速器适于选择性地将机械动力传递至输出构件,所述方法包括:
监控输入速度;
监控输出速度;
一旦变速器开始换档,就确定用于在所述换档的过程中控制所述发动机与电机的多条输入加速度曲线;
确定影响所述输入加速度曲线之一的输入加速度约束;
基于所述确定的输入加速度约束,重绘所述输入加速度曲线;并且
基于所述重绘的输入加速度曲线,控制所述发动机与电机的运行。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中,所述动力系进一步包括第二电机;
其中,确定多条输入加速度曲线包括控制所述第二电机;并且
进一步包括基于所述重绘的输入加速度曲线控制所述第二电机的运行。
3.根据权利要求1的方法,进一步包括:
基于所述输入速度与所述输出速度确定打滑速度;
其中,当所述换档包括惯性速度阶段时,使用所述打滑速度重绘所述输入加速度曲线以逼近零打滑速度。
4.根据权利要求1的方法,其中,基于所述确定的输入加速度约束重绘所述输入加速度曲线包括:
基于所述输出速度与目标传动比确定重新计算的目标输入速度;以及
重绘所述输入加速度曲线以将所述输入速度减弱至所述重新计算的目标速度。
5.根据权利要求4的方法,其中,重绘所述输入加速度曲线以将所述输入速度减弱至所述重新计算的目标速度包括:改变所述输入加速度曲线的持续时间。
6.根据权利要求4的方法,其中,将所述输入加速度曲线分成三个阶段,这三个阶段包括:
第一阶段,其中描绘输入加速度,以从初始输入速度开始改变所述输入速度;
第三阶段,其中描绘所述输入加速度,以将所述输入速度减弱至目标输入速度;以及
第二阶段,桥接所述第一阶段与所述第三阶段;
其中,重绘所述输入加速度曲线以将所述输入速度减弱至所述重新计算的目标速度是基于所述输入加速度曲线的哪一阶段受到所述输入加速度约束的影响。
7.根据权利要求6的方法,其中,重绘所述输入加速度曲线以将所述输入速度减弱至所述重新计算的目标速度包括:改变所述第二阶段的持续时间;
8.根据权利要求7的方法,进一步包括:
基于所述输入速度与所述输出速度确定打滑速度;
其中,所述改变所述第二阶段的持续时间包括:
当仅所述第一阶段受到所述输入加速度约束的影响时,将所述第二阶段的所述持续时间改变成,等于必须在所述第二阶段中完成的打滑速度差除以将在所述第二阶段中将要发生的打滑速度变化率。
9.根据权利要求7的方法,进一步包括:
基于所述输入速度与所述输出速度确定打滑速度;
其中,所述改变所述第二阶段的持续时间包括:
当所述第二阶段受到所述输入加速度约束影响但所述第三阶段不受所述输入加速度约束影响时,将所述第二阶段的所述持续时间改变成,等于必须在所述第二阶段中完成的打滑速度差除以将在所述第二阶段中发生的打滑速度变化率再加上所述第二阶段的已经经过的一部分持续时间。
10.根据权利要求1的方法,其中,在离合器打滑速度范围内进行所述多条输入加速度曲线的确定以及所述输入加速度曲线的所述重绘。
11.一种用于控制动力系的装置,所述动力系包括机械地和可操作地连接至内燃机与电机的电动—机械变速器,所述电动—机械变速器适于选择性地将机械动力传递至输出构件,所述装置包括:
将要接合的离合器,包括输入构件与输出构件;以及
动力系控制系统,包括编程以监控所述输入构件的输入速度、监控所述输出构件的输出速度、一旦变速器开始换档就确定用于在所述换档的过程中控制所述发动机与电机的多条输入加速度曲线、监控影响所述输入加速度曲线之一的输入加速度约束、基于确定的输入加速度约束重绘所述输入加速度曲线、以及基于所述重绘的输入加速度曲线控制所述发动机与电机的运行。
12.根据权利要求11的装置,其中,所述动力系控制系统进一步包括编程以
确定用于在所述换档的过程中控制第二电机的多条输入加速度曲线、
以及控制所述第二电机的运行。
13.根据权利要求11的装置,其中,编程以重绘所述输入加速度曲线包括编程以
基于所述输出速度与目标传动比确定重新计算的目标输入速度、
以及重绘所述输入加速度曲线来将所述输入速度减弱至所述重新计算的目标速度。
14.根据权利要求13的装置,其中,编程以重绘所述输入加速度曲线来将所述输入速度减弱至所述重新计算的目标速度包括:
编程以改变所述输入加速度曲线的持续时间。
15.根据权利要求13的装置,
其中,所述输入加速度曲线被分成三个阶段,这三个阶段包括:
第一阶段,其中描绘输入加速度,以从初始输入速度开始改变所述输入速度;
第三阶段,其中描绘所述输入加速度,以将所述输入速度减弱至目标输入速度;以及
第二阶段,桥接所述第一阶段与所述第三阶段;
其中,所述编程以重绘所述输入加速度曲线来将所述输入速度减弱至所述重新计算的目标速度是基于所述输入加速度曲线的哪一阶段受到所述输入加速度约束的影响。
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