CN101471414B - 半导体发光装置的制造方法 - Google Patents
半导体发光装置的制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101471414B CN101471414B CN2008101847289A CN200810184728A CN101471414B CN 101471414 B CN101471414 B CN 101471414B CN 2008101847289 A CN2008101847289 A CN 2008101847289A CN 200810184728 A CN200810184728 A CN 200810184728A CN 101471414 B CN101471414 B CN 101471414B
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Abstract
本发明的课题是提供一种减少了密封材料的裂缝的产生的半导体发光装置的制造方法。该方法的特征在于,包括:将相对于密封材料的干重为10重量%以上且50重量%以下的低分子硅烷类或硅烷醇类、以及含有烷氧基硅氧烷的醇溶液混合来配制混合溶液的第一工序,将混合溶液涂布在发光元件上的第二工序,对混合溶液中的醇溶液成分进行蒸发后干燥而成为密封材料的第三工序,使密封材料固化的第四工序。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及半导体发光装置的制造方法。
背景技术
通常为了保护发光元件或使其显色发生变化,用密封材料来覆盖发光二极管或半导体激光器等半导体发光装置。尤其白色半导体发光装置是由蓝色发光元件和以覆盖该蓝色发光元件的方式形成的含有黄色荧光体的密封材料构成的。而且,该白色半导体发光装置的密封材料以往一般是环氧树脂(例如参照专利文献1)。
然而,由于白色半导体发光装置中使用的蓝色发光元件在发出蓝色光的同时,也发出近紫外线,因此,在蓝色发光元件附近,存在环氧树脂密封材料发生黄变和发生由蓝色发光元件的发热引起的热劣化的问题。尤其是在电灯等的要求高亮度的用途中,来自蓝色发光元件的发光量也多,易引起黄变和热劣化。
因此,作为即使在高亮度环境下也不会发生由近紫外线引起的黄变、且具有耐热性的密封材料,对硅树脂密封材料进行了研究。但是,由二甲基硅氧烷形成的硅树脂与发光材料或基板的粘附性差,并且由于具有粘着性,灰尘等易附着,此外,在交联时形成的碳-碳键有时会被近紫外线分解,会损害作为密封材料的性能。
另外,将烷氧基硅氧烷单体水解、缩合而形成的聚硅氧烷膜在形成厚膜时易产生裂缝,不适合作为发光元件的密封材料。
[专利文献1]日本特开2004-339319公报
发明内容
鉴于以上的情况,本发明的目的在于提供一种减少了密封材料的裂缝的产生的半导体发光装置的制造方法。
为了实现上述课题,本发明的半导体发光装置的制造方法的特征在于,该方法包括:将相对于密封材料的干重为10重量%以上且50重量%以下的下述通式(1)表示的低分子硅烷类或下述通式(2)表示的硅烷醇类、以及含有烷氧基硅氧烷的醇溶液混合来配制混合溶液的第一工序,将混合溶液涂布在发光元件上的第二工序,对混合溶液中的醇溶液成分进行蒸发后干燥而成为密封材料的第三工序,使密封材料固化的第四工序;
[化学式1]
(式中,多个R1各自独立地表示甲基或乙基,R2表示碳原子数为1~20的烷基或表示也可以具有碳原子数为1~8的烃基的苯基。)
[化学式2]
(式中,R3表示乙基。)
此外,本发明的半导体发光装置的制造方法在第一工序中也可以包括将荧光体及填料混合的工序。
而且,本发明的半导体发光装置的制造方法在第一工序中优选包括将相对于密封材料的干重为40重量%以上且80重量%以下的荧光体混合的工序。
此外,在第一工序中还可以包括将相对于密封材料的干重为0.1重量%以上且20重量%以下的填料混合的工序。
另外,荧光体的平均粒径优选为5μm以上且30μm以下。
而且,填料的平均粒径优选为0.001μm以上且0.1μm以下。
根据上述本发明的半导体发光装置的制造方法,可以提供减少了密封材料的裂缝的产生的半导体发光装置。
附图说明
图1是表示本发明的半导体发光装置的制造方法的一例的流程图。
图2是半导体发光装置的截面示意图。
附图标记
1 半导体发光装置
2 引线框
3 绝缘性树脂
4 凹部
5 芯片焊接材料
6 密封材料
7 发光元件
具体实施方式
下面,对用于实施本发明的方式进行说明。
图1表示本发明的半导体发光装置的制造方法的流程图。
首先,将含有烷氧基硅氧烷的醇溶液与通式(1)表示的低分子硅烷类或通式(2)表示的硅烷醇类混合来配制混合溶液(S1)。
【化学式3】
(式中,多个R1各自独立地表示甲基或乙基,R2表示碳原子数为1~20的烷基或也可以具有碳原子数为1~8的烃基的苯基。)
上述碳原子数为1~20的烷基可举出例如甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、仲或叔丁基、戊基、异戊基、新戊基、辛基、异辛基、十二烷基、十四烷基等。其中,优选为碳原子数为1~12的烷基,更优选为碳原子数为2~8的烷基。
作为上述也可以具有碳原子数为1~8的烃基的苯基,除可举出例如苯 基、甲苯基、二甲苯基、异丙苯基等以外,还可以举出例如具有甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、异丁基、戊基、己基、庚基、辛基等取代基的苯基等。
作为上述通式(1)表示的低分子硅烷中的R2,优选为也可以具有碳原子数为2~8的烷基或碳原子数为1~2的烃基的苯基。
作为上述通式(1)表示的低分子硅烷的具体例子,可以举出R1和R2为如下基团的低分子硅烷:例如,R1为甲基、或乙基、或两个为甲基一个为乙基、或一个为甲基两个为乙基,分别对于与这几种基团,R2为乙基、异丁基、异辛基或苯基等。
作为上述通式(1)表示的低分子硅烷,可使用具有上述基团的物质中的一种或并用两种以上。
烷氧基硅氧烷具有Si-O键(硅氧烷键),且在分子中具有烷氧基。具体地说,优选使用聚二烷氧基硅氧烷类或聚烷基(芳基)烷氧基硅氧烷类。作为聚二烷氧基硅氧烷类,可举出聚(二乙氧基硅氧烷)、聚(二丙氧基硅氧烷)、聚(二叔丁氧基硅氧烷)、聚(乙氧基丙氧基硅氧烷)等,其中,聚(二叔丁氧基硅氧烷)作为原料的储存稳定性优良,因而优选。烷氧基硅氧烷根据其分子量和结构的不同而有各种粘度,因此用醇等的常用的溶剂来对其进行稀释。作为使用的醇溶剂,可列举出甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、异丁醇、正丁醇、仲丁醇、叔丁醇、正己醇、正辛醇、乙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、乙二醇单丁醚、乙二醇单乙醚醋酸酯、二乙二醇单乙醚、丙二醇单甲醚、丙二醇单甲醚醋酸酯、二丙酮醇等。特别优选为异丙醇、甲醇、正丁醇。上述醇溶液含有7~90体积%的烷氧基硅氧烷和93~10体积%的醇溶剂。
通式(1)表示的低分子硅烷类,可举出甲基三甲氧基硅烷、甲基三乙氧基硅烷、甲基三丙氧基硅烷、甲基三异丙氧基硅烷、乙基三甲氧基硅烷、乙基三乙氧基硅烷、丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3,3,3-三氟丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3,3,3-三氟丙基三乙氧基硅烷、全氟辛基乙基三乙氧基硅烷、丁基三甲氧基硅烷、异丁基三甲氧基硅烷、异丁基三乙氧基硅烷、戊基三甲氧基硅烷、戊基三乙氧基硅烷、环戊基三甲氧基硅烷、环戊基三乙氧基硅烷、己基三甲氧基硅烷、己基三乙氧基硅烷、环己基三甲氧基硅烷、环己基三乙氧基硅烷、苯基三甲氧基硅烷、苯基三乙氧基硅烷、苄基三甲氧基硅烷、苄基三乙氧 基硅烷、辛基三甲氧基硅烷、辛基三乙氧基硅烷、三甲氧基硅烷、三乙氧基硅烷、三正丙氧基硅烷、三异丙氧基硅烷、三丁氧基硅烷、三异丙烯氧基硅烷(triisopropenoxy silane)、二乙氧基丙烯氧基硅烷、甲基二甲氧基硅烷、甲基二乙氧基硅烷、甲基二正丙氧基硅烷、甲基二异丙烯氧基硅烷、甲基二(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、乙基二甲氧基硅烷、乙基二乙氧基硅烷、正丙基二甲氧基硅烷、正丙基二乙氧基己基二甲氧基硅烷、己基二乙氧基硅烷、辛基二甲氧基硅烷、辛基二乙氧基硅烷等,但是并不限定于此。特别优选乙基三乙氧基硅烷、丙基三乙氧基硅烷、丁基三乙氧基硅烷、异丁基三乙氧基硅烷、戊基三乙氧基硅烷、己基三乙氧基硅烷。
【化学式4】
(式中,R3表示乙基。)
作为通式(2)表示的硅烷醇类,可举出三甲基硅烷醇、三乙基硅烷醇、三丙基硅烷醇、三丁基硅烷醇等。特别优选三乙基硅烷醇。
在此,优选低分子硅烷类(1)或硅烷醇类(2)以相对于密封材料的干重为10重量%以上且50重量%以下的含量进行混合。小于10重量%时,弹性模量不会下降,因此不优选;另外,超过50重量%时会变脆,因此不优选。
另外,所谓的密封材料的干重为在室温下将玻璃材料(上述混合溶液)放置2天以上后在100℃下固化2小时时的重量。
此外,S1中的配制用公知的方法进行配制,可举出在通风环境下进行的方法等。优选在洁净室条件下进行。
然后,在S1中配制的混合溶液中添加荧光体及填料(S2)。
本发明中使用的荧光体可以使用由选自Sr、Ba、Eu、Ca、Si、O的元素构成的黄色荧光体SOSE或BOSE、YAG。荧光体的大小优选为5μm以上且30μm以下。小于5μm以上时,发光效率低;超过30μm时,密封材料中的沉降变得明显,因此不优选。
为了用作发光元件的密封材料,有必要使一定大小的荧光体粒子在混合溶液内均匀地分散,因此添加具有增稠效果的填料。填料包括:硅胶、氧化铝、高岭土、天然硅酸钙、合成硅酸钙、金属氧化物、氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁、天然二氧化硅、滑石、碳酸钙、钛酸钾、钛锆酸铅、钛酸钡、氮化铝、氮化硼、水滑石、硼酸锌、硼酸铝、云母、碱性硫酸镁、蒙脱石(モンロリナナイト)、硫酸钡,可以适当选择使用。该填料可以为球状也可以为粉碎状,粉碎状的填料更能发挥出增稠效果。另外,填料的粒径优选为0.001μm以上且0.1μm以下,最优选为0.010μm以上且0.050μm以下。小于0.001μm时,难以在洁净室等中操作;另外,超过0.1μm时,比表面积减少,相对于添加重量的增稠效果下降,因此不优选。填料的含量相对于密封材料的干重为10重量%~50重量%。
另外,除荧光体、填料以外,还可以添加扩散剂。关于扩散剂可举出碳酸钙、二氧化硅、聚硅氧烷、硫化锌、氧化锌、氧化钛、磷酸肽、钛酸镁、云母、玻璃填料、硫酸钡、粘土、滑石、聚硅氧烷橡胶状弹性体、聚甲基硅倍半氧烷(polymethylsilsesquioxane)等无机系扩散剂,它们可以改善发光元件的光学特性,可以制成发射均匀的光的发光元件。
相对于密封材料的干重,扩散剂的含量为0~10重量%。超过10重量%时,有可能会影响机械强度和发光特性。
然后用自转公转混合机对得到的混合溶液进行混炼(S3)。
自转公转混合机是指一边使装有材料的容器自身“自转”同时一边使其“公转”、且一边取出材料中的泡一边进行混合的方式的搅拌脱泡机,可以使用市售的混合机。混炼的时间为5分钟左右,在室温、大气压的环境下进行。
然后,在发光元件上涂布在S3中混炼得到的混合溶液(S4)。
图2表示半导体发光装置的截面示意图的一例。半导体发光装置1通过在引线框2的表面上实施了Ag镀覆的凹部4来装载发光元件7。在引线框2的上部形成研钵状的芯片焊接材料5,在引线框2的凹部和芯片焊接材料5的研钵状部填充密封材料6。
发光元件7由在365~550nm的波长下发光的氮化镓系化合物形成,在本实施方式中,使用发光波长的峰为440~470nm的GaN系的蓝色发光 半导体元件。蓝色发光半导体元件可以通过公知的外延生长法等在引线框2上形成含蓝宝石的基体,用In(1-X)GaXN(0<X≤1)表示。将S3中得到的混合溶液涂布在发光元件7上,覆盖其上表面及侧面。
然后,将在S4中得到的半导体发光装置1在室温下干燥(S5)。
半导体发光装置1上涂布的混合溶液在空气中或氧气气氛中加热时,通过成分的分解或氧的吸收形成透明的密封材料。
最后,将S5中得到的半导体发光装置1加热、使其固化(S6)。
将含有荧光体的混合溶液从发光元件7的上部注入到引线框2的凹部4和芯片焊接材料5的研钵状部中,在约150℃~200℃的温度下进行加热、使其固化。密封材料6的焙烧温度与发光元件7的接合部的熔点相比充分低。在密封材料6的上部形成有将从发光元件7发出、并在凹部4的表面反射的光聚光的透镜部(图中未示出)。
另外,覆盖发光元件7的上表面及侧面后,优选遍及筐体2的凹部和芯片焊接材料5的研钵状部地用相同的混合溶液形成密封材料6来进行填充,但是也可以用其它的覆盖材料、密封材料。
实施例
实施例1
(样板的制作)
用吸管量取3mL的作为含有烷氧基硅氧烷的醇溶液的Telios coat((株)日兴制),并滴加到铝板上,加入重量为密封材料的干重的10重量%的0.17mL的作为低分子硅烷醇的三乙基硅烷醇,配制成混合溶液。
在常温下干燥2天后,末端部、中心部均与铝板附着,得到完全无翘曲的组合物。平均厚度为420μm。
(半导体发光装置制作)
在玻璃容器中以与样板相同的比例来调节Telios coat及三乙基硅烷醇,用自转公转混合机搅拌5分钟。将得到的溶液注入半导体发光装置的凹部内,在常温下干燥2天后,用干燥机在200℃下焙烧。得到的密封材料的裂缝的产生率、膜厚如表1所示。
实施例2
除加入重量为密封材料的干重的30重量%的三乙基硅烷醇以外,进行与实施例1同样的操作。裂缝的产生概率如表1所示。
实施例3
除加入重量为密封材料的干重的50重量%的三乙基硅烷醇以外,进行与实施例1同样的操作。裂缝的产生概率如表1所示。
比较例1
(样板的制造)
量取3mL的Telios coat,并滴加到铝杯上,在常温下干燥2天。密封材料的中心与铝板接触,但是末端部上浮5mm左右,得到有翘曲的组合物。
(半导体发光装置制造)
除加入重量为密封材料的干重的70重量%的三乙基硅烷醇以外,进行与实施例1同样的操作。虽未产生裂缝,但是透明度变差,成为带有白色的材料,变得非常脆。考虑这是由于材料中的Si-O键的数量减少的缘故。
(比较例2)
仅将Telios coat注入半导体发光装置的凹部中,在常温下干燥2天后,用干燥机在200℃下进行焙烧。裂缝的产生率为100%。
(比较例3)
作为低分子硅烷,使用0.17mL的十二烷基甲氧基硅烷来配制混合溶液。
确认密封材料的表面有深度为2mm左右的凹凸,确认其不平坦。另外,焙烧后的裂缝的产生率、膜厚如表1所示。
表1
低分子硅烷类或低分子硅烷醇类 的混合比例 | 产生裂缝 | 平均膜厚(μm) | |
实施例1 | 三乙基硅烷醇10重量% | 0/5 | 75 |
实施例2 | 三乙基硅烷醇30重量% | 0/5 | 70 |
实施例3 | 三乙基硅烷醇50重量% | 0/5 | 73 |
比较例1 | 三乙基硅烷醇70重量% | 5/5 | 70 |
比较例2 | - | 5/5 | 65 |
比较例3 | 十二烷基甲氧基硅烷10重量% | 5/5 | 60 |
Claims (6)
2.根据权利要求1所述的半导体发光装置的制造方法,其特征在于,所述第一工序包括将荧光体及填料混合的工序。
3.根据权利要求2所述的半导体发光装置的制造方法,其特征在于,所述第一工序包括将相对于所述密封材料的干重为40重量%以上且80重量%以下的所述荧光体混合的工序。
4.根据权利要求2所述的半导体发光装置的制造方法,其特征在于, 所述第一工序包括将相对于所述密封材料的干重为0.1重量%以上且20重量%以下的所述填料混合的工序。
5.根据权利要求2~4中任意一项所述的半导体发光装置的制造方法,其特征在于,所述荧光体的平均粒径为5μm以上且30μm以下。
6.根据权利要求2~4中任意一项所述的半导体发光装置的制造方法,其特征在于,所述填料的平均粒径为0.001μm以上且0.1μm以下。
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US9318646B2 (en) * | 2011-10-07 | 2016-04-19 | Konica Minolta, Inc. | LED device manufacturing method and fluorescent material-dispersed solution used in same |
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