CN101455138B - Coastal saline soil improvement method using tall fescue-silicate bacterium-peat - Google Patents
Coastal saline soil improvement method using tall fescue-silicate bacterium-peat Download PDFInfo
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- CN101455138B CN101455138B CN2009100448197A CN200910044819A CN101455138B CN 101455138 B CN101455138 B CN 101455138B CN 2009100448197 A CN2009100448197 A CN 2009100448197A CN 200910044819 A CN200910044819 A CN 200910044819A CN 101455138 B CN101455138 B CN 101455138B
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- peat
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- saline soil
- festuca arundinacea
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Abstract
The invention relates to a Festuca arundinacea-silicate bacteria-peat integrated coastal saline soil improvement method. The method comprises steps that performing shake cultivation of bacterial in a culture medium to obtain stock culture liquid; then preparing peat carriers; disinfecting the Festuca arundinacea seeds and performing seed soaking process by using allogenic material CaCl2; disposing the saline soil into three layers, wherein, the bottom layer is a quartz filtering layer, the bottom layer is a coastal saline soil layer, the surface layer is a processing layer composed of saline soil with 10-20% peat carriers evenly mixed; finally, planting the Festuca arundinacea seeds having been performed with the seed soaking process into the processing layer, cultivating the seeds under a temperature of 10-30 DEG C, therefore, coastal saline soil improvement and ecological reconstruction can be completed. The method of the present invention has good improvement effect, low cost, easymanagement and operation, no secondary pollution and broad application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Festuca Arundinacea-silicate bacterium-peat and unite the method that improves beach salty soil, is a kind of improvement of beach salty soil and method of ecological reconstruction of carrying out.
Background technology
According to UNESCO (UNESCO) and food and agricultural organization (FAO) incomplete statistics, saline land, whole world area is 9.5 * 10
8Hm
2, being distributed in from the frigid zone, the temperate zone is to each area in the torrid zone, and except that the Antarctic Continent waited investigation, from America, Europe, Asia is to Australia, spreads all over each continent and area, inferior continent, relates to more than 100 countries and regions, saline land area every year in the whole world was with 1 * 10
6-1.5 * 10
6Hm
2Speed increasing.China's saline and alkaline soil total resources are about 9913 * 10
4Hm
2, wherein modern saline-alkali soil area is 3693 * 10
4Hm
2, residual salt alkaline earth about 4487 * 10
4Hm
2, and remain and having an appointment 1733 * 10
4Hm
2Potential saline-alkali soil.
After soil generation salinization of soil, according to the kind of salt ion and the difference of concentration and landform, the ecological functions of each part in the ecosystem of saline land (soil, microorganism and plant) all have been subjected to influence.Because the accumulation of a large amount of salinities in the soil causes the deterioration of a series of soil physical properties: structure viscous, air capacity of soils is poor, the unit weight height, soil temperature rises slow, and the aerobic microorganism activity is poor in the soil, and nutrient discharges slow, osmotic coefficient is low, and capillarity is strong, causes the saliferous aggravation of topsoil.Contain too much solubility salt in the solonchak, can improve the osmotic pressure of the soil solution, thereby cause the physiological drought of plant, can not from soil, absorb enough moisture when making root system of plant and seed sprouting, even also can cause moisture to exosmose from root cells, make plant wilt even death.Soil salt content is too high, and especially at arid season, salt gathers table soil and often hinders plumular axis, and its injury ability is a maximum with sodium carbonate, potash.Under high pH value, also can cause the direct injury of hydroxide ion to plant.Gather too much salt in the plant corpus that has, protoplasm is injured, the synthetic of protein received serious obstruction, thereby causes gathering of nitrogenous intermediate metabolites, causes cell to be injured.Because the competition of sodium ion makes plant reduce the absorption of potassium, phosphorus and other nutritive element, the transfer of phosphorus also can be received inhibition, thereby influences the situation that influences of plant.Under the high concentration salts effect, the starch in the Stomacal guard cell forms and receives obstruction, causes cell not close, so plant is arid easily withered.
At present, the ameliorative measure at saline-alkali soil mainly contains: physically improved, water conservancy improvement, chemical modifying and biological modification etc.All measures of improving the soil all are complementary, but limitation is separately all arranged: although physically improved measure is considered to efficient ways, investment is very expensive, and the cost of maintenance is also very high; Water conservancy improvement is huge except investing, operation cost high, also will be in the face of handling the problem of saliferous discharge water, in insufficient water sources or water quality discomfort, drainage condition is bad or do not have a discharge outlet, particularly coastal region or the area of low-lying along the river, the saline land that is difficult for even can not the lowering of watertable area does not just possess the water conservancy improved conditions; The chemical modifying measure normally adds the sodium that calcareous material is replaced soil colloids absorption, or adopts the method improvement that adds acid or acidic materials, but the use of chemical substance must be careful, in order to avoid cause secondary pollution; Biological modification measure investment is little, but it is slow to take effect, and beautifies weak effect.
Therefore, when improvement saline-alkali soil, can not only use single method, should be conceived to the comprehensive regulation.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Festuca Arundinacea-silicate bacterium-peat to unite the method that improves beach salty soil.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A) mother of preparation Bacillus megatherium and colloid bacillus plants bacterium liquid, and medium is (concentration unit g/L):
Sucrose 10, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.5, magnesium sulfate 0.2, sodium chloride 0.2, calcium carbonate 1.0, ammonium sulfate 1.0, yeast extract 0.5, pH are 7.4; Spawn culture: dress 50mL liquid nutrient medium in the 250mL conical flask, sterilization 1h after the cooling, is inoculated in the 200mL liquid nutrient medium, shaken cultivation 2～3D (my god), promptly get female kind of bacterium liquid;
B) preparation peat carrier mixes the peat sterile water after humidity is 50%～60%, dresses up every bag of 0.5kg, sterilization 2h, and the mother of the every bag of inoculation in cooling back 10mL step a plants bacterium liquid, behind the mixing, cultivates 7D in the greenhouse;
C) with after the sterilization of Festuca Arundinacea (Festuca arundinacea) the surface of the seed, be the allogenic material CaCl of 15～30mmol/L in concentration
2The processing of soaking seed in the solution;
D) saline soil that will need to improve is arranged to three layers, and the bottom is the quartz filter course, and the intermediate layer is the beach salty soil layer, and the top layer is a processing layer, and the peat carrier that processing layer is evenly sneaked into 10～20% step b by beach salty soil is formed;
E) Festuca Arundinacea (Festuca arundinacea) seed after the step c processing is planted in the processing layer of steps d, condition of culture is that temperature is at 10～30 ℃.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that: it is salt-tolerant plant that the present invention adopts Festuca Arundinacea, makes carrier with the peat particle, and exploitation silicate bacterium preparation carries out the improvement of beach salty soil and the method for ecological reconstruction as the medium of improvement beach salty soil.Its improved effect is good, expense is low, be easy to management and operate, do not produce secondary pollution; Be with a wide range of applications.Thereby also be that beach salty soil is improved topmost developing direction.
Embodiment
Below be example to repair Harbor, Shanghai new city beach salty soil, the present invention is described in more detail.It should be understood that described embodiment is only used for explanation rather than restriction the present invention.
One, the selection of plant
Choose the seed of six kinds of common greening lawn grass (paspalum notatum (Paspalum natatum), day this section thread grass (Zoysiajaponica), Festuca Arundinacea (Festuca arundinacea), red clover (Trifolium pratense), eryuelan (Orychophragmus violaceus) and Bermuda grass (Cynodon daclylon)) and do screening test.
(1) seed germination screening test
Screening test is taked the culture dish method.Every ware adds the NaCl solution of 50mL variable concentrations (50,100,150,200,250mmol/L), and Gram (Hoagland) nutrient solution is in contrast suddenly with 1/4 intensity of no NaCl.25 ℃ of dark culturing of temperature.The cycle of seed germination test was 2 weeks, every seed germination number of investigation in 2 days, and statistics seed germination situation.By the screening to seed germination rate, it is the strongest to draw Festuca Arundinacea patience.
(2) seed germination improves test
Seed germination improves the same culture dish method that adopts of test.Tall fescue seed is carried out the allogenic material (CaCl of variable concentrations gradient (5,10,20,40,80mmol/L)
2) the seed soaking processing, the concentration that every ware adds 50mL is the 100mmol/LNaCl salting liquid, to have the allogenic material seed soaking in contrast.Screening by to seed germination rate draws: the external source CaCl of suitable concentration
2Seed soaking (20mmol/L) is handled, and under salt stress, tall fescue seed is sprouted in advance, and significantly improved seed germination rate, is higher than 15.4% of check experiment group.
(3) growth of seedling patience test
By mensuration, determine that the salinity limit that the Festuca Arundinacea seedling can bear is 100mmol/L to acrial part and under ground portion ion concentration, blade cell membrane permeability and polyphenoils mutase (SOD) in growth of seedling index (fresh weight, plant height, root length, dry weight etc.), the plant corpus.Sandy culture is adopted in the test of growth of seedling patience.Every day, the Hoagland nutrient solution with 1/4 intensity watered, and cultivated under following condition: 25 ℃ of day temperatures, and 20 ℃ of nocturnal temperatures, relative moisture 75%, experiment intensity of illumination 6000lx also is provided with variation diurnal periodicity.Festuca Arundinacea was emerged back 5 days, the plant seedlings of selecting the growing way unanimity carries out salt to be handled, adopt the NaCl salting liquid of the Hoagland nutrient solution preparation variable concentrations (50,100,200,300,400mmol/L) of 1 intensity, contrasting for blank test with the nutrient solution pouring only is set simultaneously.By mensuration to each index, when drawing salinity≤100mmol/L the Festuca Arundinacea growth of seedling is not made significant difference, then just (NaCl 〉=300mmol/L) coercing down, growth is subjected to obvious inhibition to root at hypersaline environment.
(4) seedling patience improves test
Festuca Arundinacea was emerged back 5 days, and the plant seedlings of selecting the growing way unanimity carries out salt to be handled, and the allogenic material (CaCl of variable concentrations (5,10,20,40,80mmol/L) is adopted in test
2) handle, the 100mmol/LNaCl salting liquid of preparing with Gram suddenly (Hoagland) nutrient solution of 1 intensity, and establish a 100mmol/LNaCl salting liquid and make blank.Mensuration by to each index draws: under certain salt stress, and the external source CaCl of suitable concentration
2(20mmol/L) seed soaking is handled and can obviously be alleviated the salinity inhibitory action that acrial part is subjected to, and has reduced the root cap ratio of Festuca Arundinacea, the Ca in the body
2+Concentration increases the selectivity and the stability that can strengthen cell membrane, alleviates oxidative stress, has improved the salt resistance of Festuca Arundinacea.
Two, the improvement of beach salty soil
At first, the mother of preparation Bacillus megatherium and colloid bacillus plants bacterium liquid.Medium (g/L): sucrose 10, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.5, magnesium sulfate 0.2, sodium chloride 0.2, calcium carbonate 1.0, ammonium sulfate 1.0, yeast extract 0.5, pH are 7.4; Spawn culture: dress 50mL liquid nutrient medium in the 250mL conical flask, sterilization 1h after the cooling, is inoculated in the 200ml liquid nutrient medium, shaken cultivation 2-3D (my god), promptly get female kind of bacterium liquid; Then, preparation peat carrier, the peat sterile water mixed certain humidity (50%-60%) after, every bag of 0.5kg, sterilization 2h, the mother of the every bag of inoculation in cooling back 10mL step a plants bacterium liquid, behind the mixing, cultivates 7D in the greenhouse; Then, after the sterilization of Festuca Arundinacea (Festucaarundinacea) the surface of the seed, through allogenic material CaCl
2(20mmol/L) seed soaking is handled; The saline soil of needs improvement is arranged to three layers, and the bottom is the quartz filter course, and the intermediate layer is the beach salty soil layer, and the top layer is a processing layer, and processing layer is evenly sneaked into 15% peat carrier by beach salty soil and formed; At last, Festuca Arundinacea (Festuca arundinacea) seed after the seed soaking processing is planted in the saline soil processing layer and got final product.Condition of culture: temperature is at 10～30 ℃.
From sowing, gather soil specimen after 2 months, measure pH in soil, salt content, organic matter, contain indexs such as N amount, cation exchange capacity, and the herborization sample, the growing state of mensuration plant.The record diafiltration time.Leachate collection is measured Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ plasma content.By mensuration to each index, draw: the adding of peat significantly increases soil with organic matter and nutrients such as N, P, K, improve the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of soil, strengthened water retention capacity, fertilizer-preserving ability and the buffering ability of soil, pH in soil is effectively reduced; Microbial bacterial agent add the nutrition condition that can significantly improve plant, can increase N, P, the K content in plant corpus, increased the biomass of Festuca Arundinacea; The pH value that adds for beach salty soil of microorganism reduces another fixed contribution simultaneously; But microbial bacterial agent does not have obvious effects for the removal of salt ion.
Three, index determining
(1) growth of seedling index determining: seedling is after salt stress is handled, sample at 15D, distilled water flushing is clean, dry plant surface moisture with blotting paper, plant roots and acrial part are separated, respectively the weighing fresh weight, it is long to measure plant height and root, 105 ℃ of 10min that complete in baking oven are dried 48h, weighing dry weight then for 75 ℃ then.
(2) ion concentration is measured: the nutritive element Na of plant
+, K
+, Ca
2+, Mg
2+Ion concentration carries out the mensuration of root and acrial part, and the sample oven dry is crossed 40 mesh sieves after pulverizing and grinding, and accurately the about 0.5000g of weighing uses H
2SO
4: H
2O
2=3: 1 (V/V) disappears and boils, and constant volume through dilution in right amount, adopts plasma inductance linking atom emission spectrometer (ICP-AES) to measure content in 100mL.
(3) blade cell membrane permeability and polyphenoils mutase (SOD) are measured:
The mensuration of cytoplasm membrane permeability is got 9 blades that are cut into segment, and deionized water blots after cleaning, and puts into the test tube that the 10ml deionized water is housed, and electrical conductivity of solution (EC) is measured in airtight back after the rotational oscillation instrument is cultivated 4h (25 ℃), note L
t, in high-pressure sterilizing pot 120 ℃ then, 20min measures EC, note L
0Cytoplasm membrane permeability (%)=L
t/ L
0* 100.
The mensuration of polyphenoils dismutase (SOD), reactant mixture is by 2.41*10
-6Mol/L vitamin b3,01013mol/L methionine 1.6710
-4Mol/LNBT, 0.05mol/L (pH7.8) phosphate buffer and an amount of enzyme liquid are formed.Test tube with not enzyme-added liquid (with the replacement of 1/15mol/LK-Na phosphate buffer) is maximum photo-reduction pipe, replaces NBT to make blank pipe with buffer solution, each pipe is reacted 10 minutes measured reaction liquid OD at 10000Lx
560Value is to suppress NBT photochemical reduction 50% as enzyme unit (μ) alive.
(5) measure pH in soil, salt content, organic matter, contain indexs such as N amount, cation exchange capacity, specifically assay method is referring to " soil physico-chemical index mensuration " (Nanjing soil research institute).
Four, result of the test
Under certain density salt stress (100mmol/LNaCl) environment, the external source CaCl of suitable concentration
2Seed soaking (20mmol/L) is handled, and tall fescue seed is sprouted in advance, and significantly improved seed germination rate, is higher than 15.4% of check experiment group.
The Festuca Arundinacea seedling is at process CaCl
2Behind the processing 10D, no matter be acrial part or under ground portion (20mmol/L), the fresh weight quality of every basin plant is at CaCl
2During≤20mmol/L, along with CaCl
2The increase of concentration of treatment and increasing is significant difference (p＜0.05) with contrast; Work as CaCl
2〉=20mmol/L, the fresh weight quality has a declining tendency, even is lower than contrast when 80mmol/L; The dry weight of every basin plant is at variable concentrations CaCl
2Handle down, do not have significant difference each other, a spot of increase is arranged when having only 20mmol/L concentration, reached significant difference (P＜0.05); The relative growth amount of Festuca Arundinacea acrial part reaches maximum at 20mmol/L, continues to increase CaCl
2Concentration, relative growth is on a declining curve, it is not clearly that the relative growth amount of under ground portion is managed difference throughout, has reached significant difference when having only 20mmol/L.
Festuca Arundinacea-silicate bacterium-peat is united studies show that of improvement beach salty soil: this method can effectively reduce pH in soil, on average reduces pH value 1.55; Soil organic matter content significantly increases, and increases to 62.85 ± 2.17 by 5.42 ± 0.600g/kg; Improve the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of soil, strengthened water retention capacity, fertilizer-preserving ability and the buffering ability of soil; Improved the content of nutrients such as N, P, K in the soil, the content of N, P, K is increased to 4.22 ± 0.18lg/kg, 1.83 ± 0.115g/kg, 24.10 ± 0.500g/kg by 0.40 ± 0.025g/kg, 0.88 ± 0.035g/kg, 23.20 ± 0.361g/kg respectively; The growth plantation of Festuca Arundinacea, root system activity and respiration are strengthened the microbial activity in rhizosphere district in the soil, produce lot of organic acids and CO
2, can effectively improve the alkaline environment of coast saline soil, the growth of root system can improve the permeability performance of beach salty soil, is under the condition of 0.9L at the irrigation water volume, and the soil permeability time increases to 37.0 (± 1.73) min by 54.3 (± 3.79) min; Quickened the desalination of soil, saline soil layering conductivity value is reduced to 2.5 (± 0.40) dS/m and 4.2 (± 0.30) dS/m by 4.7 (± 0.41) dS/m and 6.9 (± 0.42) dS/m respectively at 0-15cm and 15-35cm; Promote the formation of soil micelle particle, effectively improve soil structure; Festuca Arundinacea self upgrowth situation is good, and its dry weight increases to 0.894 (± 0.0483) g by 0.753 (± 0.0153) g.
As seen, the Festuca Arundinacea-silicate bacterium-peat of this method screening is remarkable to the effect of beach salty soil improvement.
Claims (1)
1. Festuca Arundinacea-silicate bacterium-peat is united the method that improves beach salty soil, it is characterized in that the concrete steps of this method are as follows:
A) mother of preparation Bacillus megatherium and colloid bacillus plants bacterium liquid, and medium is concentration unit g/L: sucrose 10, and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.5, magnesium sulfate 0.2, sodium chloride 0.2, calcium carbonate 1.0, ammonium sulfate 1.0, yeast extract 0.5, pH are 7.4; Spawn culture: dress 50mL liquid nutrient medium in the 250mL conical flask, sterilization 1h after the cooling, is inoculated in the 200ml liquid nutrient medium, shaken cultivation 2～3D (my god), promptly get female kind of bacterium liquid;
B) preparation peat carrier mixes the peat sterile water after humidity is 50%～60%, dresses up every bag of 0.5Kg, sterilization 2h, and the mother of the every bag of inoculation in cooling back 10mL step a plants bacterium liquid, behind the mixing, cultivates 7D in the greenhouse;
C), be the allogenic material CaCl of 15～30mmol/L in concentration with after the tall fescue seed surface sterilization
2The processing of soaking seed in the solution;
D) saline soil that will need to improve is arranged to three layers, and the bottom is the quartz filter course, and the intermediate layer is the beach salty soil layer, and the top layer is a processing layer, and the peat carrier that processing layer is evenly sneaked into 10～20% step b by beach salty soil is formed;
E) tall fescue seed after the step c processing is planted in the processing layer of steps d, condition of culture is that temperature is at 10～30 ℃.
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|---|---|---|---|
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| CN101455138B true CN101455138B (en) | 2010-08-18 |
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| CN109722395A (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2019-05-07 | 江苏大学 | A kind of microorganism formulation and preparation method thereof enhancing lawn growth ability |
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