CN101428622A - Structure for rolling stock - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a framework for rail vehicle, which comprises a side framework. Furthermore the side framework is provided with an outer plate and a third reinforcing component which is connected with the inner side of outer plate and is used for reinforcing the outer plate, wherein the third reinforcing component is jointed on the outer plate through laser welding. The framework for vehicle according to the invention causes that the outer plate will not easily curved through setting the distance of the third reinforcing component. For example, the surface internal stress component generated in the outer plate is decomposed to uniaxial stresses sigmax and sigmay in the length direction of vehicle body and in the direction perpendicular with the length direction of vehicle body and shear stress tau. The distance of reinforcing component defined by the welding line of laser welding is set to cause that these stresses is below the curve pressure value determined by the formula of Euler curve and plasticity modified formula. The framework for rail vehicle according to the invention has better tolerance and better aesthetic property.

Description

Rolling stock body structure

The application is that application number is 200580015809.0 (international application no is PCT/JP2005/007076), the applying date is on April 12nd, 2005, and denomination of invention is divided an application for the application for a patent for invention of " method for laser welding, laser weld joint, outer plate panel and rolling stock body structure ".

Technical field

The present invention relates to rolling stock body structure.Be specially adapted to not have the rolling stock body structure of japanning or the car body of city motor bus, truck etc.

Background technology

Always, as rolling stock body structure, known except light-duty stainless steel component 201 (outside plate+skeleton+outside plate reinforcement) shown in stainless steel component (corrosion-resistant steel make rolling stock body structure), Figure 45 (a) and the biplate corrosion-resistant steel framework 202 (outside plate+entire pressurisation moulding inner panel) shown in Figure 45 (b) have a double casing type corrosion-resistant steel framework (reference example such as patent documentation 1).Such corrosion-resistant steel framework does not need japanning, has plurality of advantages such as maintenance easily, can not be corroded yet.

In railway carriage body and function framework, when carrying out the engaging of outside plate and outside plate reinforcement from reducing the consideration of heat distortion, many use resistance spot weldings, but in order to prevent that electric current from carrying out spot welded weld nugget shunting to, carries out spot welded spacing and adopt 50～80mm usually during spot welding.

Common rolling stock body structure particularly side framework has the several places that will be careful in design.Here, so-called side framework is meant the framework that utilizes one or more pieces side outer plate panels (having outside plate and outside plate reinforcement) to constitute.

Because the deadweight passenger of car body forms the vertical load F1 of load, shown in Figure 46 (a), side outer plate panel 101 mainly is subjected to the effect of cutting in the face.Because the effect of foe and aft force (car end clamp load) between the vehicle, shown in Figure 46 (b), because the load F2 by connector, also produce in the face axial compression in-plane bending effect of contracting again.On Intensity Design, the 1st failure mode that should be careful is buckling of side outer plate panel, serves as according to the decision structural outline with its criterion.

For example at outside plate at position that vast scope is compressed (for example central back bottom of the car body during the vehicle end clamp load), shown in Figure 46 (c), the outside plate reinforcement 101 (anti-deflection material) that will have needed outer rigidity is engaged in the inboard of outside plate 102.Compression on the length over ends of body direction that the side framework of common railway vehicle is subjected to is bigger, and therefore common length direction along car body is provided with outside plate reinforcement (anti-deflection material) in the inboard of outside plate.

Again, at outside plate at position that vast scope is mainly sheared (for example door pocket directly over the chassis during vertical load), it is more satisfactory that the outside plate reinforcing material is engaged in outside plate with the angle at 45 with respect to track alignment, but making it have that such angle is bonded in the manufacturing is trouble, in fact reinforcement is disposed at therefore that horizontal direction (track alignment) goes up or vertical direction on.All be identical on buckling strength.

All be that aforesaid corrosion-resistant steel framework exists several problems.

(i) the 1st existing problems are, it is all low with the intensity of partial buckling to buckle for integral body.

As mentioned above, outside plate engages from reducing the consideration of heat distortion with the outside plate reinforcement, uses resistance spot welding more, but in order to prevent that electric current from carrying out spot welded weld nugget shunting to, its spot welded spacing is 50～80mm normally.In this case, stress can not finely be scattered in the reinforcement, sometimes can not obtain theoretic buckling strength.

That is to say, lower as the out-of-plane bending rigidity of anti-deflection panel than theoretical value, might be owing to causing that than imagining low load integral body buckles.Again, for the compression of the direction parallel with outside plate reinforcement (anti-deflection material), outside plate has the danger of being buckled between spot welded weld nugget, and is also low than theoretic buckling strength for its intensity of such partial buckling.

For example, the consideration method of the following buckling strength of reference as can be known, the spacing of outside plate reinforcement (anti-deflection material) adopts 80mm, when on direction in parallel, outside plate being applied compressing stress, if reinforcement is engaged in outside plate continuously, then estimate to tolerate the power that reaches 160MPa, and if reinforcement with the spot welding spacing spot-welded on of 80mm in outside plate, then be merely able to tolerate the power about 60MPa.

And the distortion around the point of crimping produces on outside plate initially and distorts, and this also makes partial buckling intensity reduce greatly.

(ii) the 2nd existing problems are, permanent deformation at the position of stress concentration (tensile side) or partial buckling (compressed side).

On the side outside plate, in the corner portion of the peristome of side outside plate stress concentration takes place.Particularly in the side framework that commute is used, peristomes such as window gangway are many, and the stress concentration of the corner portion that these are local is a problem.

At these stress concentration positions, cause permanent deformation in tensile side, cause buckling distortion in compressed side, finally destroy.As countermeasure, can consider that in tensile side tabular outside plate reinforcement being added in the inboard is thickened, and reduces stress to this enforcement.Also can tackle equally in theory in compressed side, but have several problems with the existing corrosion-resistant steel framework of resistance spot-welded on stack-mounted.

Just, as mentioned above, normally about 50～80mm, still in this case, stress does not have fine being scattered in the reinforcement plate to the spot welding spacing of resistance spot welding, sometimes can not obtain theoretic buckling strength.Even specially stick reinforcement plate, also, on outside plate, produce initial distortion by the distortion around the weld nugget of crimping heat input owing to increasing spot welding for engaging reinforcement plate, partial buckling intensity is reduced.

(iii) the 3rd existing problems are water tightnesses.

Using a lot in the assembling of corrosion-resistant steel framework the resistance spot welding welding is merely able to constitute lap joints, thus between the outside plate or outside plate also form lap joints with engaging of edge member (window frame, door shield plate etc.).

But, these joints are in order to prevent from outside infiltration, are necessary to take measures keeping water tightness, but owing to small gap takes place and spot welding is the welding method that is interrupted welding at overlapping, so weld then by sandwiching leakproofing material in overlapping portion in advance, to guarantee water tightness.Or by overlapped ends with leakproofing material pile up for the fillet weld shape to guarantee water tightness.

But, because wind and rain and carwash, leakproofing material along with the time through progressively deterioration, fracture, the situation that can take place in car, to seep water.But such problem can not take place because can successive welding in the framework that ordinary steel and aluminum alloy are made.

(iv) the 4th aesthetic property that existing problems are outside plate (side outside plate, end outside plates).

The resistance spot welding of using a lot in the assembling of corrosion-resistant steel framework is pushed owing to carry out point-like when construction, and pressing force and heat input make it distort on every side, and also produce the concavity impression at weld nugget, and these factors impair the aesthetic property of outside plate.Particularly the infringement of the aesthetic property of offside outside plate and end outside plate can reduce the value of product.

Also have, because " burn " of the outside plate that spot welding causes though might eliminate by electrolytic processing method, impression is deep, and it is difficult by grinding it not being seen after joint.

Can utilize color ribbon (film) to cover again, even but cover, also owing to the relation of viewing angle, impression might be more obvious.

(v) the 5th existing problems are complexity of inner skeleton.

As the structure that content product equipment class is installed on framework, always adopt (secondary structure material) last welding screw thread packing ring on keystone configuration or inner skeleton, or the accessory reply is set separately.

These accessories, screw thread packing ring nearly all are that each vehicle designs respectively, and the installation site that is installed on the framework is also of all kinds, changes along with the change at vehicle class, position.

Thereby parts numbers such as screw thread packing ring, inner skeleton, accessory increase, and the making of parts, welding etc. need a large amount of man-hours.And because the installation site does not have normalisation, the size management of installation is also very miscellaneous.

If the inventor finds outside plate and adopts laser welding to replace resistance spot welding with engaging of outside plate reinforcement, then can solve above-mentioned existing problems.

But as mentioned above, adopt under the situation of laser welding fluctuation, obtain stabilised quality, need depth of fusion to a certain degree as structural elements for the bond strength that suppresses laser welding.If but depth of fusion is excessive, then sometimes can high-temperature oxidation variable color (back side burn) take place at the back side of weld or expose welding bead.Also recognized its terms of settlement (reference example such as patent documentation 2).The cooling of when utilizing welding the back side of weld being carried out or carry out post-processing and also can get rid of oxidation stain.

But sometimes because laser beam carries out the contraction of the weld part of locality heating, the member on the lap joints has the small warpage of generation under the situation that adopts prior art, and this warpage will occur as the convex welding mark along weld line at the back side of weld.It is very slight following the perforation in the molten bath that welding mark and the laser beam of the convex of this warpage cause to compare with oxidation stain.But quality and the value added of user in order to improve outside plate requires to eliminate this weld mark.

To this, also can adjust laser output welds so that this weld mark does not take place, but in that for example lower plate 1.5mm is thick, under the situation of upper plate 1mm thickness, the weld width of joint interface is 0.3mm～0.5mm, depth of fusion to lower plate is 0.1mm～0.2mm, can not engage fully when being subjected to the influencing of certain interference under the situation of the depth of fusion of degree like this.Otherwise, if produce the welding mark of convex, then can form joint reliably, bond quality and presentation quality guarantee it is difficult simultaneously.

Also have, under the thickness of lower plate is situation more than the 3mm, can confirm that also outside plate is influenced hardly even guarantee sufficient depth of fusion, but the thickness of slab of lower plate increases to surpass and needs, and causes the weight of structural elements significantly to increase, this is unfavorable.

Here, the contriver studies with keen determination, if find to the lateral surface of outside plate with the direction of the weld line direction almost parallel of described laser beam on implement lapped finish (for example implementing the normally used fine limit work that utilizes abrasive belt gringding on the stainless steel insert at railway vehicle), then can make weld line almost cannot see by the degree that changes the light scattering.

Patent documentation 1: No. 2763983 communique of Japan's special permission

Patent documentation 2: No. 2929447 communique of Japan's special permission

Summary of the invention

The present invention makes in view of aforesaid situation, its purpose be to provide can make the welding impression visually become unconspicuous method for laser welding, laser weld joint, outer plate panel and rolling stock body structure and can access do not cause buckling strength to descend because of buckling or initially distorting between the spot-welded on, realize the rolling stock body structure of the buckling strength that requires.

Method for laser welding of the present invention, be that the multi-disc tabular component is overlapping, the mobile laser beam in one side is direction Continuous irradiation laser beam outside its face on one side, to arrive the regional heat fused till the inside of tabular component of opposition side of the tabular component that is positioned at the irradiating laser light beam, control the output or the laser beam moving velocity of laser beam on one side, make the bottom in the molten bath that described heat fused forms not reach the lateral surface of the tabular component of described opposition side, the method that weld described multi-disc tabular component on one side, it is characterized in that, to the lateral surface of the tabular component of described opposition side, on the direction of the weld line direction almost parallel that welds with laser beam, implement lapped finish in advance.Here, so-called " tabular component " needn't be tabular on the whole, and to utilize laser welding to carry out engaging portion be tabular situation but also comprise." lapped finish " is the lapped finish that utilizes banded sharpner to carry out, be to make the abrasive band rotation that contact with the grains of sand of Japanese Industrial Standards " JIS R 600 " regulations, in one direction the surface of steel plate intermittently ground to carry out fine limit work (being equivalent to the surface finish shown in " JIS G 4305 " middle NO.3 and the NO.4) (discontinuous).

If do like this, then adopt the tabular component of on the direction of the weld line direction almost parallel that welds with laser beam, implementing lapped finish as the tabular component that constitutes lateral surface, can make weld line almost cannot see by the degree that changes the light scattering, so lateral surface is not carried out surface finish as back processing, the weld mark of the convex that occurs at lateral surface is visually also not obvious.

Laser weld joint of the present invention, be that the multi-disc tabular component is overlapping, the mobile laser beam in one side is direction Continuous irradiation laser beam outside its face on one side, to arrive the regional heat fused till the inside of tabular component of opposition side of tabular component of irradiating laser light beam, control the output or the laser beam moving velocity of laser beam on one side, make the bottom in the molten bath that described heat fused forms not reach the lateral surface of the tabular component of described opposition side, described multi-disc tabular component is welded the laser weld joint of formation on one side, it is characterized in that, to the lateral surface of the tabular component of described opposition side, with the direction of the weld line direction almost parallel of laser beam on implement lapped finish.Here; so-called " with the direction of the weld line direction almost parallel of laser beam on implement lapped finish "; also comprise on the structure of the tabular component (for example aggregate or inner lining material etc. are installed part) that engages on the inboard of the tabular component that constitutes lateral surface; (i) the weld line direction can not be defined under the situation of a specific direction; make the grinding direction consistent with the weld line direction that outward appearance (lateral surface) is had the greatest impact; (ii) the weld line direction can not be defined under the situation of a specific direction; to become and the tabular component that grinds the inconsistent weld line of direction; be welded on the tabular component that utilizes the weld line joint roughly consistent with grinding direction; (iii) the weld line direction can not be defined under the situation of a specific direction; protective material or surface decoration material are installed, so that can not or be difficult to find out and the welding mark of grinding the inconsistent weld line of direction (following the welding mark of the convex of warpage generation) from lateral surface one side on its welding mark.Again, to the lateral surface of tabular component, with the direction of the weld line direction almost parallel of laser beam on implement lapped finish, can before joint, implement, also can behind joint, implement.

If do like this, then as the tabular component that constitutes lateral surface, since with the direction of the weld line direction almost parallel of laser beam on implement lapped finish because the relation of the light scattering situation on the lateral surface of discontinuous grinding, the welding mark of weld line almost be cannot see.That is to say on lateral surface, to occur that follow the welding mark of the convex that warpage takes place to become visually not obvious, it is more attractive in appearance that outside plate becomes.

Like this, adopt in the member of formation of overlapping welded joint to the lateral surface (lower surface of the tabular component of the downside of overlapping welded joint) as the back side of weld utilize banded sharpner etc. carry out with the direction of weld line almost parallel on when implementing the member of milled processed, even there is the part of fusing into fully to fuse into welded joint, also can utilize scattering of light etc. to make the welding mark that takes place as mentioned above almost not see (visually not obvious).Therefore can not implement any post-processing just constitutes beautiful lateral surface.That is to say, can both guarantee stable and suitable bond strength, guarantee beautiful presentation quality simultaneously again.

Below just two overlapping situations about engaging of tabular component are explained, at first, shown in Fig. 1 (a), with tabular component 1,2 (SUS301L for example, cold rolled stainless steel sheets such as SUS304) overlapping, mobile on one side laser beam R is on one side from this tabular component 2, opposite sides one side of the face that contacts with tabular component 1 begins continuously to tabular component 1,2 irradiating laser light beams, to arrive the regional heat fused till the inside of tabular component 1 of opposition side of tabular component 2 of irradiating laser light beam R, control output or the laser beam moving velocity of laser beam R on one side, make the bottom of the molten bath P that described heat fused forms not reach the lateral surface S1 of the tabular component 1 of opposition side, engage tabular component 1 on one side, 2, therefore welding bead does not appear on lateral surface S1.In this case, shown in Fig. 1 (b), because the thermal contraction that laser welding causes, following angle is the warpage generation convex welding mark of θ.And shown in Fig. 1 (c), on the lateral surface of the tabular component 1 outside this joggling part (broken curve L) formation muscle shape comes across.But shown in Fig. 1 (d), because lateral surface S1 is applied the lapped finish that is parallel to weld line, the scattering situation of beating the light on lateral surface S1 makes almost be cannot see as the joggling part (broken curve L) of welding mark.Also have, during smooth surface, shown in Figure 17 (a), light from specific direction is that the boundary line clearly is divided into reflection direction R1, R2 sensing viewpoint with the joggling part, so visible broken curve L, but on the surface of having carried out lapped finish along the weld line direction, shown in Figure 17 (b), light from all directions all points to viewpoint through reflection, so joggling part L cannot see.

Therefore, (i) weld line does not occur at lateral surface, can access beautiful lateral surface, and welding distortion is little, can seek to improve dimensional accuracy, so be favourable for the raising of quality.Again, (ii) the welding speed of laser welding is fast, and therefore the operating efficiency height can seek cost-cutting.Also have, (iii) utilize method for laser welding to weld continuously, can not want leakproofing material, therefore can seek to reduce the maintenance cost.

Outer plate panel of the present invention, be inboard overlapping with the 1st reinforcement and outside plate, mobile laser beam is on one side from the 1st reinforcement one side Continuous irradiation laser beam on one side, to arrive the regional heat fused till the inside of described outside plate, control the output or the laser beam moving velocity of laser beam on one side, make the bottom in the molten bath that described heat fused forms not reach the lateral surface of described outside plate, it is engaged the outer plate panel that forms on one side, it is characterized in that, to the lateral surface of described outside plate, with the direction of the weld line direction almost parallel of described laser beam on implement lapped finish.

If do like this, then for the lateral surface of outside plate, with the direction of the weld line direction almost parallel of laser beam on implement lapped finish, therefore because the relation of light scattering situation almost be cannot see weld line at lateral surface.The welding mark that is to say the convex that occurs on the lateral surface of outer plate panel (outside plate) becomes visually not obvious.

Above-mentioned outer plate panel can be used in rolling stock body structure.That is to say, rolling stock body structure of the present invention, it is the inboard that the 1st reinforcement is overlapped in outside plate, mobile laser beam is on one side from the 1st reinforcement one side Continuous irradiation laser beam on one side, to arrive the regional heat fused till the inside of described outside plate, the lateral surface that makes the bottom in the molten bath that described heat fused forms not reach described outside plate while the output of controlling laser beam or laser beam moving velocity engages, the rolling stock body structure that the outer plate panel that described joint is formed uses as the side outside plate of side framework, it is characterized in that, lateral surface to the outside plate of described outer plate panel, with the direction of the weld line direction almost parallel of described laser beam on implemented lapped finish, described weld line direction is consistent with specific direction (vehicle lengthwise direction or vehicle-height direction).

If do like this, then because to the outside plate of outer plate panel, with the direction of the weld line direction almost parallel of laser beam on implement lapped finish, so because the relation of light scattering situation, weld line becomes and almost cannot see.Because the welding mark of the convex that occurs on lateral surface becomes visually not obvious, so improved the aesthetic property of outside plate, the rolling stock body structure that is specially adapted to not paint.

Preferably in rolling stock body structure of the present invention, described the 1st reinforcement has the part that section is a hat, this part has main part that section is roughly " コ " font (it is perpendicular that mouthful word removes the left side one) and is connected on the opening ora terminalis of this main part, extend round about mutually, utilize laser welding to be engaged in flange portion on the described outside plate, described main part extends on the length direction of vehicle.

If do like this, then the section that constitutes of the 1st reinforcement and outside plate becomes fully and closes section, and not only the bending stiffness on the length direction of the 1st reinforcement is high, and the outside plate buckling strength on this direction also becomes big.Because the 1st reinforcement engages on the length direction of vehicle, be not difficult to make the weld line direction consistent again with the lapped finish direction.

The shape that is roughly " コ " font of the section of described main part, it also can be the certain value that is spaced apart from the bottom to the open side, but the shape formation that is roughly " コ " font that also can be the section of described main part slowly becomes big structure at interval to open side more, with to be arranged on the side upwardly extending section vertical with described the 1st reinforcement be the 2nd reinforcement of hat on the described outside plate opposition side, the flange portion of the 2nd reinforcement is connected in the main part of described the 1st reinforcement in described the 1st reinforcement.Here, the shape of the 2nd reinforcement is not particularly limited, but in order to obtain suitable weld length, preferably section is the cap shape.Again, the joint method of the 2nd reinforcement also is not particularly limited, but under the situation of utilizing method for laser welding to engage, also can adopt the bottom in molten bath to connect the welded structure of the main part of described the 1st reinforcement.

If do like this, then overlapping being arranged on perpendicular to the upwardly extending section in the side of the 1st reinforcement is the 2nd reinforcement of cap shape on the 1st reinforcement, therefore is improved perpendicular to the out-of-plane bending rigidity on the direction of the 1st reinforcement.And owing to utilize the 1st reinforcement formation cap shape section (echelon form) that method for laser welding engages with outside plate, can improve on the direction vertical with the 1st reinforcement for face outside the rigidity of shear deformation.And, can not influence outward appearance ground and guarantee stable and enough intensity owing to adopt the bottom in molten bath to connect the method for laser welding of the main part of the 1st reinforcement.

Of the present inventionly be different from rolling stock body structure recited above, outside plate and the inboard that is connected in this outside plate with side framework, the 3rd reinforcement that outside plate is strengthened, the 3rd reinforcement is disposed on the length direction of car body, described the 3rd reinforcement is engaged on the described outside plate with laser welding, it is characterized in that, to be decomposed into the simple stress σ x of length over ends of body direction and perpendicular direction at the in-plane stress component that described outside plate takes place, σ y and shearing stress T, setting is by the spacing of the reinforcement of the interval of the weld line of described laser welding definition, so that these stress buckling below the force value in the formula decision of formula of being buckled by Euler and plasticity correction.Also have, the laser welding of outside plate and the 3rd reinforcement adopts successive welding basically, but can successive welding not be carried out at position that can not successive welding on the position (for example the stress that takes place on the outside plate is little, does not worry the position of buckling) that do not need successive welding on the structure or the structure yet.

Foregoing invention is to make according to the buckling strength consideration method that the following describes.

Be expressed as follows (with reference to Figure 18 (a)) for the Euler of the rectangular flat formula of buckling.

(mathematical formulae 1)

${{\mathrm{\σ}}_{\mathrm{cr}}}^e=K\frac{{\mathrm{\π}}^{2}E}{12(1-v^2)}{\left(\frac{t}{b}\right)}^2\·\·\·\left(1\right)$

Wherein, E is a longitudinal elastic coefficient, and v is a Poisson's ratio, and t is dull and stereotyped thickness.

Again, K is a buckling coefficient, is that the K value is as follows in theory, promptly is expressed as under the situation of simple support the (rotation is supported) on 4 limits of rectangular plate

(mathematical formulae 2)

$K=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}{(\mathrm{\&alpha;}+\frac{1}{\mathrm{\&alpha;}})}^2& (\mathrm{\&alpha;}<1)\\ 4& (\mathrm{\&alpha;}\&GreaterEqual;1)\end{array}\right.\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\left(2\right)$

Wherein, α is a side ratio,

(mathematical formulae 3)

$\mathrm{\&alpha;}=\frac{a}{b}\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\left(3\right)$

Again, under the big situation of the stress that takes place, the influence of plasticity can be ignored, and therefore revises according to for example empirical formula of Johnson.Promptly

(mathematical formulae 4)

${\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_{\mathrm{cr}}=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}{{\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_{\mathrm{cr}}}^e& ({{\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_{\mathrm{cr}}}^e\&le;{\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_Y/2)\\ {\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_Y(1-\frac{{\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="Y"\; filenames="A200810169764E00451.png,A200810169764E00681.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">Y</figure-callout>}}}{{{4\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_{\mathrm{cr}}}^e})& ({{\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_{\mathrm{cr}}}^e>{\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_Y/2)\end{array}\right.\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\left(4\right)$

σ wherein _YBe YIELD STRENGTH.

Equally, shear buckling stress and be shown below (with reference to Figure 18 (b)), promptly

(mathematical formulae 5)

${{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_{\mathrm{cr}}}^e=K\frac{{\mathrm{\&pi;}}^{2}E}{12(1-v^2)}{\left(\frac{t}{b}\right)}^2\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\left(5\right)$

K=6 (support of 4 limits, α〉〉 1) ... (6)

${\mathrm{\&tau;}}_{\mathrm{cr}}=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}{{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_{\mathrm{cr}}}^e& ({{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_{\mathrm{cr}}}^e\&le;{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_Y/2={\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_Y/2\sqrt{3})\\ {\mathrm{\&tau;}}_Y(1-\frac{{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="Y"\; filenames="A200810169764E00451.png,A200810169764E00681.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">Y</figure-callout>}}}{{{4\mathrm{\&tau;}}_{\mathrm{cr}}}^e})& ({{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_{\mathrm{cr}}}^e>{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_Y/2={\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_Y/2\sqrt{3})\end{array}\right.\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\left(7\right)$

In the structure of actual framework, on thin outside plate, engage preventing that deflection from being that the reinforcement of purpose constitutes outer plate panel, but the outside plate that utilizes reinforcement to surround rectangle must determine the configuration of reinforcement and spacing so that this outside plate is not buckled.

In in the clamp load of the vertical load of framework and vehicle end each, big at the stress (stress of vertical direction) of the in-plane stress that takes place on the outside plate of side framework on the perpendicular direction of the stress amplitude ratio of its length over ends of body direction of many places, therefore reinforcement should be disposed to such an extent that to make the long side direction of the outside plate rectangular area that reinforcement surrounds be the length direction of car body.Because be the several times of buckling that the compression on the short side direction can tolerate buckling of can tolerating of the compression on the long side direction from the pattern of buckling shown in Figure 18 (c) as can be known.

Below it is represented with mathematical formulae.

(mathematical formulae 6)

$\begin{array}{cc}{\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_{\mathrm{cr},x}^e=4\&times;\frac{{\mathrm{\&pi;}}^{2}E}{12(1-v^2)}{\left(\frac{t}{b}\right)}^2=4\&times;A{\left(\frac{t}{b}\right)}^2& (a>>1)\end{array}\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\left(8\right)$

${\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_{\mathrm{cr},y}^e={(\mathrm{\&alpha;}+\frac{1}{\mathrm{\&alpha;}})}^2\&times;\frac{{\mathrm{\&pi;}}^{2}E}{12(1-v^2)}{\left(\frac{t}{a}\right)}^2=\frac{1}{{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}^2}{(\mathrm{\&alpha;}+\frac{1}{\mathrm{\&alpha;}})}^2\&times;A{\left(\frac{t}{b}\right)}^2\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\left(9\right)$

$=\begin{array}{cc}(1+\frac{2}{{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}^2}+\frac{1}{{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}^4})\&times;A{\left(\frac{t}{b}\right)}^2\&RightArrow;A{\left(\frac{t}{b}\right)}^2& (\mathrm{\&alpha;}\&RightArrow;\&infin;)\end{array}$

$\begin{array}{cc}{{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_{\mathrm{cr}}}^e=6\&times;\frac{{\mathrm{\&pi;}}^{2}E}{12(1-v^2)}{\left(\frac{t}{b}\right)}^2=6\&times;A{\left(\frac{t}{b}\right)}^2& (a>>1)\end{array}\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\left(10\right)$

Wherein, $A=\frac{{\mathrm{\&pi;}}^{2}E}{12(1-v^2)}$

Therefore, if the length on long limit is more than 5 times of length of minor face, then above-mentioned approximate establishment.

According to these formula, the bond length b of rectangular area and the graph of a relation of buckling stress (σ cr, x, σ cr, y, τ cr) are shown in Figure 19 (a)～(c).

In outer plate panel, the spacing of configuration reinforcement can be considered as suitable with the bond length b of rectangular area.

Thereby, if instead can then can utilize the spacing b of Figure 19 (a)～(c) decision reinforcement by the stress (σ x, σ y, τ) of stress analysis or structure test prediction generation.It is formulated as follows.

(mathematical formulae 7)

$b=\min (t\sqrt{\frac{4A}{{\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_x^{*}}},t\sqrt{\frac{A}{{\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_y^{*}}},t\sqrt{\frac{6A}{{\mathrm{\&tau;}}^{*}}})\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\left(11\right)$

Wherein,

(mathematical formulae 8)

${\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_x^{*}=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}{\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_x& ({\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_x\&le;{\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_Y/2)\\ {\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="Y"\; filenames="A200810169764E00321.png,A200810169764E00331.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">Y</figure-callout>}}^2/\left\{4({\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_Y-{\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_x)\right\}& ({\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_x>{\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_Y/2)\end{array}\right.\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\left(12\right)$

${\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_y^{*}=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}{\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_y& ({\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_y\&le;{\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_Y/2)\\ {\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="Y"\; filenames="A200810169764E00321.png,A200810169764E00331.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">Y</figure-callout>}}^2/\left\{4({\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_Y-{\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_y)\right\}& ({\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_y>{\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_Y/2)\end{array}\right.\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\left(13\right)$

${\mathrm{\&tau;}}^{*}=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}\mathrm{\&tau;}& (\mathrm{\&tau;}\&le;{\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_Y/2\sqrt{3})\\ {\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="Y"\; filenames="A200810169764E00321.png,A200810169764E00331.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">Y</figure-callout>}}^2/\left\{12({\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_Y/\sqrt{3}-\mathrm{\&tau;})\right\}& (\mathrm{\&tau;}>{\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_Y/2\sqrt{3})\end{array}\right.\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\left(14\right)$

Again, of the present invention another is different from rolling stock body structure recited above, outside plate and the inboard that is connected in this outside plate with side framework, make outside plate strengthen the 3rd reinforcement of rigidity, the 3rd reinforcement is disposed on the track alignment, described the 3rd reinforcement is engaged on the described outside plate with laser welding, it is characterized in that, by the spacing of described the 3rd reinforcement of the interval definition of the weld line of described laser welding, the buckling strength that reaches maximum place according to the load burden of described the 3rd reinforcement on the direction that described the 3rd reinforcement extends is set.

If do like this, then the engagement means as outside plate and the 3rd reinforcement adopts the continuous laser welding, therefore, the decline of the buckling strength that buckling or initially distorting as the situation of in the past utilizing resistance spot welding to engage between spot welded weld nugget caused can not take place, and can access desired buckling strength.Thereby, if according to the spacing of theory decision reinforcement, then do not need little reinforcement plate is attached on the outside plate and strengthen, can reduce parts number and man-hour.

Again, of the present invention another is different from rolling stock body structure recited above, outside plate and the inboard that is connected in this outside plate with side framework, make outside plate strengthen the 3rd reinforcement of rigidity, the 3rd reinforcement is disposed on the length direction of car body, described the 3rd reinforcement is engaged on the described outside plate with laser welding, and can form such structure, it is described the 3rd reinforcement, its section is the cap shape, have section and be roughly " コ " font portion of " コ " font, and the ora terminalis that is connected in this " コ " font portion, be set to extend in the opposite direction, two the mounting flange portions of laser welding on described outside plate make the width of " コ " font portion of described the 3rd reinforcement littler than the width of " コ " font portion of the 1st member that is arranged at other parts.And it is characterized in that, for the out-of-plane bending of the direction vertical, utilize the vertical bone that is provided with separately to strengthen its rigidity with the length over ends of body direction.

If do like this, then make the kind analogy much less in the past of the section form of the 3rd reinforcement that the rigidity of outside plate strengthens, can adopt 2 kinds, can reduce the cost of manufacture of parts.And, seek to improve the dimensional accuracy of parts easily because the kind of parts is few.

In the present invention, described the 3rd reinforcement can adopt such structure, be that its section is the cap shape, has the ora terminalis that section is roughly " コ " font portion of " コ " font and is connected in this " コ " font portion, be set to extend in the opposite direction mutually, two the mounting flange portions of laser welding on described outside plate, described the 3rd reinforcement is installed the 4th reinforcement of the rigidity that improves its outside plate nearby in advance in " コ " font portion.

If do like this, then do not increase operation, also can be simply under the also not enough situation of partial buckling intensity and seek to realize necessary MIN enhancing reliably even strengthen with the 3rd reinforcement.

In the present invention, also can adopt to form and utilize laser welding that described the 4th reinforcement is welded in the peristome used on the described outside plate or the structure of notch at the head of described the 3rd reinforcement.

If do like this, the 3rd reinforcement not only then, the 4th reinforcement also can direct connect in outside plate, the part that therefore can further seek outside plate strengthens, and can effectively increase buckling strength.

In the present invention, described the 3rd reinforcement also can form such structure, promptly has the laser welding utilized and is engaged in the bulge of the inside of base portion on the described outside plate and this base portion bulging relatively for hollow, and the end is blocked.

If do like this, then can remove the end of the free edge of the 3rd reinforcement, therefore can increase buckling strength, the rigidity of end.

In the present invention,, utilize laser welding plate framework in the engaged at end of described the 3rd reinforcement, the end of described the 3rd reinforcement is interconnected preferably in the corner portion that is formed at the peristome on the described outside plate.

If do like this, then since adopt be provided with in the such simple structure of plate framework, seek the enhancing of the 3rd reinforcement end easily, can seek to improve the intensity of corner portion of the peristome of easy generation stress concentration.

In the present invention, also can utilize method for laser welding to engage with interior plate framework by described the 3rd reinforcement, and make its weld line closure." make its weld line closure " and mean the weld line of ring-type (oval, circle) or the weld line of rectangle.

If do like this, even then the junction surface of laser welding is narrow and small, also can guarantee long weld line, and weld line is closed, can stress concentration not take place in the end of welding bead therefore, can access needed intensity.

In the present invention, preferably the periphery of the peristome that forms on described outside plate is provided with edge member, on this edge member, can move with laser beam when being formed on described the 3rd reinforcement laser welding on described outside plate, the notch that the pressure roller on outside plate can enter is pushed in the bonding part of the 3rd reinforcement.

If do like this, then when utilizing method for laser welding to be welded on the outside plate the 3rd reinforcement, near the end of the 3rd reinforcement (edge member), can avoid edge member and pressure roller mutual interference mutually, can be continuously welded near the end always.

In the present invention, described the 3rd reinforcement can adopt structure as described below, be that its section is the cap shape, have section and be roughly " コ " font portion of " コ " font, and the ora terminalis that is connected in this " コ " font portion, be set to extend in the opposite direction mutually, two the mounting flange portions of laser welding on described outside plate, described the 3rd reinforcement is side engagement inner panel framework outside as the end of free edge, plate framework has the main part of " コ " font portion that is connected in described the 3rd reinforcement in described, be connected in this main part, in the upwardly extending foot in side of stopping up described end, and be connected in this foot, the flange portion that engages with described outside plate.

If do like this, then since by interior plate framework with the engaged at end of the 3rd reinforcement in outside plate, can improve the rigidity and the intensity of end.

In the present invention, also can adopt structure as described below, it is described the 3rd reinforcement side engagement inner panel framework outside as the end of free edge, plate framework has the 1st flange portion that engages with " コ " font portion of described the 3rd reinforcement, the 2nd flange portion that engages with described outside plate, extends to the 1st and the 2nd foot of identical height in parallel to each other and the last ora terminalis of the 1st and the 2nd foot is joined together from the 1st and the 2nd flange portion in described, the horizontal part that extends in parallel with described outside plate.

If do like this, therefore then interior plate framework can further improve the outer rigidity of face than the 3rd reinforcement height.

In the present invention, also can adopt structure as described below, be any one or both in the roof outside plate of the side outside plate of side framework or roof trusses, the end edge portion that extends on the length direction of car body has the warpage part, divides described side outside plate and roof outside plate to utilize continuous laser welding method to engage at this joggling part.

If do like this, then, the warpage part improved rigidity owing to being set, can bear the antagonistic force when carrying out laser welding.

In the present invention, preferably described warpage part open upward section of formation on described roof outside plate is the shape of " コ " font.

If do like this, then when guaranteeing rigidity, can form downpipe (" コ " font part).

In the present invention, preferably the end outside plate of end framework engages by the end corner post that section is roughly " L " font with the side outside plate of side framework, and the outside plate that makes joint forms quadrature and engages, be provided with continuous laser and be engaged in described end corner post, and constitute another member that closes the space between it, or form on the corner post of described end with described end outside plate between constitute close the space close the space component part, describedly close the downpipe that the space conduct guides rainwater into the face of land from described roof and work.

If do like this, members such as water pipe then needn't be set especially just can realize rainwater being guided into the downpipe on the face of land from described roof.

In the present invention, preferably the outside face of described outside plate is implemented to handle with brush polishing or shot-blasting surface.

If do like this, then become more readily available the corrosion-resistant steel framework of outside face with high precision and beautiful outside plate.

In the present invention, can adopt such structure, the long track component that promptly is processed as " コ " font section is installed on the inboard of described outside plate, and having by use is the installation screw rod installation content product equipment class of closing in the head of described track component.

If do like this, then, can seek to reduce component number owing to attachment rail member on outside plate, reduce the installation work-hour of two-dimentional members such as inner skeleton, the size management is more prone to.

In the present invention, preferably described outside plate, described the 3rd reinforcement of its wall ratio is thick, adopts the above wall thickness of 3mm.

If do like this, then weld line can not occur on outer plate surfaces.

In the present invention, also can edge member be set at the periphery of the peristome that is formed at described outside plate in the outside, described edge member, itself and described outside plate engaging portion form the overlapping plates structure that dull and stereotyped warpage is formed, and begin to carry out the continuous laser welding from described outside plate one side.

If do like this, even then connect welding, weld line can not appear yet on the surface of outside plate.

If adopt welding method of the present invention, welded joint, outer plate panel and rolling stock body structure, then compare with the joint that existing resistance spot welding welding obtains, the rigidity (lightweight) of framework and the raising of dimensional accuracy can be guaranteed, and the aesthetic property of outward appearance can be sought to improve.Again,,, then do not need post-processing, therefore can enhance productivity if adopt the outside plate of on the direction parallel, lateral surface being implemented lapped finish in advance with the weld line direction of laser beam as outside plate.

Again, if adopt another kind of rolling stock body structure of the present invention, adopt continuous laser welding method when then engaging with the 3rd reinforcement that strengthens this outside plate owing to outside plate with the side framework, the buckling strength that causes of buckling or initially distort that can not take place between the spot welding weld nugget descends, and can access desired buckling strength.Thereby, need only spacing according to theory decision reinforcement, needn't on outside plate, paste little reinforcement plate, help reducing component number and man-hour.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 (a)～(d) is respectively the instruction diagram of the principle of laser weld joint of the present invention.

Fig. 2 (a)～(c) is respectively the instruction diagram of outer plate panel of the present invention.

Fig. 3 represents to observe from the car outside state of the side framework of railway vehicle of the present invention.

Fig. 4 represents from the inboard state of observing the side framework of this railway vehicle of car.

Fig. 5 is the section-drawing of the A-A line of Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is the section-drawing of the B-B line of Fig. 4.

Fig. 7 is the section-drawing of the C-C line of Fig. 4.

Fig. 8 is the section-drawing of the D-D line of Fig. 4.

Fig. 9 is the section-drawing of the E-E line of Fig. 4.

Figure 10 is the section-drawing of the F-F line of Fig. 4.

Figure 11 is the enlarged drawing of the G portion of Fig. 5.

Figure 12 is the enlarged drawing of the H portion of Fig. 7.

Figure 13 is the enlarged drawing of the J portion of Fig. 7.

Figure 14 is the enlarged drawing of the K portion of Fig. 7.

Figure 15 is the graph of a relation of relation of the tensile shear strength of the width at expression upper and lower plates junction surface and per unit weld length.

Figure 16 is the instruction diagram of an example of step of the side framework of expression assembling railway vehicle of the present invention.

Figure 17 (a) and (b) are respectively the instruction diagram of the principle that weld line becomes invisible.

Figure 18 (a) is the instruction diagram of the problem of buckling of rectangular plate, (b) is the buckle instruction diagram of problem of the shearing of rectangular plate, (c) is the instruction diagram of the pattern of buckling of rectangular slab.

Figure 19 (a) is the instruction diagram of relation of buckling stress σ cr, the x of long b of minor face and long side direction, (b) being the instruction diagram of relation of buckling stress σ cr, the y of long b of minor face and short side direction, (c) is the long b of minor face and the instruction diagram of the relation of shearing buckling stress τ cr.

Figure 20 is the block diagram of the rolling stock body structure of the present invention's the 2nd example.

Figure 21 is the instruction diagram of the relation of expression outside plate and outside plate reinforcement.

The end that Figure 22 (a) and (b) are illustrated respectively in outside plate reinforcement member is provided with the example of small-sized reinforcement, (c) is the block diagram of the variation of expression outside plate reinforcement.

Figure 23 (a) is the block diagram of corner portion of expression peristome, (b) is the block diagram of other examples of the corner portion of expression peristome, (c) is the block diagram of another example of the corner portion of expression peristome.

Figure 24 (a) is the block diagram of other examples of the corner portion of expression peristome, (b) be the block diagram of other examples of the corner portion of expression peristome, (c) being the block diagram of other examples of the corner portion of expression peristome, (d) is the block diagram of other examples of the corner portion of expression peristome.

Figure 25 (a) is the block diagram of the bonding part of expression side outside plate and roof outside plate, (b) is the block diagram of another example of representing the bonding part of side outside plate and roof outside plate.

Figure 26 (a) and (b) are respectively the block diagrams of the bonding part of side outside plate and end outside plate.

Figure 27 is the block diagram of the bonding part of side outside plate (back) and curb girder.

Figure 28 (a) is the instruction diagram of the bonding part of side outside plate, (b), (c) be respectively the instruction diagram of the bonding part of side outside plate.

Figure 29 is the block diagram of the bonding part of side outside plate and edge member.

Figure 30 is the block diagram of the bonding part of side outside plate and edge member.

Figure 31 (a) is the instruction diagram of the joint method of outside plate reinforcement, (b) instruction diagram of another example of the joint method of outside plate reinforcement.

Figure 32 is the block diagram of other examples of the corner portion of expression peristome.

Figure 33 (a) is the block diagram of other examples of the corner portion of expression peristome, (b) is the instruction diagram of welding method.

Figure 34 (a) and (b) are respectively the instruction diagram of the mounting structure of content product equipment class.

Figure 35 (a) is the detail drawing of the A portion of Figure 24, (b) is the detail drawing of the B portion of Figure 24.

Figure 36 (a) and (b) are the instruction diagram of the assemble method of side framework.

Figure 37 (a) and (b) are the instruction diagram of the assemble method of side framework.

Figure 38 (a) and (b) are the instruction diagram of the assemble method of side framework.

Figure 39 (a) and (b) are the instruction diagram of the assemble method of side framework.

Figure 40 is the instruction diagram of an example of step of the side framework of expression assembling railway vehicle of the present invention.

Figure 41 (a) is the instruction diagram of the principle of laser weld joint, (b)～(d) is respectively the instruction diagram of outer plate panel.

Figure 42 represents from the state of the side framework of the railway vehicle of car outside observation the 2nd example of the present invention.

Figure 43 represents from the inboard state of observing the side framework of this railway vehicle of car.

Figure 44 is the block diagram of expression from the state of the side framework of this railway vehicle of the inboard observation of car.

Figure 45 (a) and (b) are respectively the instruction diagram of existing corrosion-resistant steel framework.

Figure 46 (a) and (b) are respectively the instruction diagram of state of the distortion of existing rolling stock body structure, (c) are the instruction diagram of the relation of existing outside plate and outside plate reinforcement.

The specific embodiment

The 1st example

Fig. 2 is the instruction diagram of groundwork that explanation is used in laser weld joint of the present invention the situation of rolling stock body structure.

Shown in Fig. 2 (a) and (b), when engaging section on the inner surface side of outside plate 11 (utilizing banded sharpner to implement the surface grinding material of lapped finish with the weld line direction almost parallel ground of laser beam welding in advance) being roughly the 1st reinforcement 12 of cap shape on lateral surface 11a, the part that the bottom in use molten bath does not reach the lateral surface 11a of outside plate 11 is fused into laser welding.At this moment with the weld line direction almost parallel ground of laser beam the lateral surface 11a of outside plate 11 is implemented lapped finish.That is to say, the weld line direction of laser beam with the lapped finish direction (panel lapped finish direction) of lateral surface 11a is taked roughly the same direction.

It is the cap shape that each the 1st reinforcement 12 has section, slowly enlarge at interval section to open side and be roughly the main part 12a of " コ " font and be connected on the opening ora terminalis of this main part 12a in the opposite direction mutually with extending, utilize laser welding to be engaged in flange portion 12b, 12c on the described outside plate 11.Main part 12a has at the roughly parallel baseplate part 12aa of engagement state and outside plate 11 and the side plate 12ab, the 12ac that extend to flange portion 12b, 12c one side to opening ora terminalis one side from the both side edges of baseplate part 12aa with enlarging at interval.

Like this, main part 12a is owing to be the shape that section that the interval of side plate 12ab, 12ac slowly enlarges to flange portion 12b, 12c one side is roughly " コ " font, so the 1st reinforcement 12 is not easy on perpendicular direction because of shear load that the direction parallel with outer plate surface works deform (shear deformation).Thereby, in situation about using as outer plate panel as rolling stock body structure, in order to suppress cross section deformation, the direction vertical with the 1st reinforcement 12 also required under the situation of high out-of-plane bending rigidity, can utilize with method for laser welding on the 1st reinforcement 12 (main part 12a), engaging section on perpendicular direction is the method reply of the 2nd reinforcement 13 of cap shape.This is because the shear deformation that produces between the 2nd reinforcement 13 and outside plate is suppressed by the 1st reinforcement 12, so can not reduce as the outer shear rigidity of the face of outer plate panel and for its result no matter be how heavy load also can be kept high out-of-plane bending rigidity.By doing like this, can not guarantee the out-of-plane bending rigidity even the 2nd reinforcement 13 is not directly engaged with outside plate 11 yet, therefore can make outside plate 11 keep beautiful.

The 2nd reinforcement 13 is also shown in Fig. 2 (c), have the opening ora terminalis that section is roughly the main part 13a of " コ " font and mutually is connected in this main part 13a in the opposite direction with extending, utilize method for laser welding to be engaged in flange portion 13b, 13c on the described outside plate 11.

Under the inconsistent situation of surface grinding direction (surface is ground and cut the fine limit work direction) of the lateral surface of its weld line direction and outside plate 11 on the structure as the 2nd reinforcement 13 at member, the 2nd reinforcement 13 utilizes method for laser welding to be engaged in 1st reinforcement 12 (main part 12aa) of direct connect on outside plate 11, prevents to expose welding mark on outward appearance (lateral surface) with this.In this case, laser welding is not exposed in the place that can see from outside plate owing to welding mark, therefore be different from the situation that outside plate 11 engages with the 1st reinforcement 12 (flange portion 12b, 12c), that can adopt easy control when constructing fuses into laser welding fully.Like this, engaging with method for laser welding under the situation of total, fusing into method for laser welding and fuse into method for laser welding fully,, can guarantee not damage outward appearance and easily guarantee necessary bond strength as total by adopting part respectively.

Then the example that such laser weld joint or outer plate panel is used in rolling stock body structure is described below according to Fig. 3～Figure 14.

As shown in Figure 3, outside plate 21 (for example thickness 1.5mm) is divided into back part 21A, vehicle window peripheral part 21B and three parts of horizontal curtain plate portion 21C, and their end edge portion is overlapped, utilizes part to fuse into method for laser welding and engages and be one.

Each several part 21A～the 21C of this outside plate 21, its lateral surface passes through lapped finish in advance, and the direction of its lapped finish is consistent with vehicle lengthwise direction (track alignment), and the weld line direction of described laser beam also is parallel to vehicle lengthwise direction.Also have, the 22nd, window peristome, the 23rd, door opening portion.

Shown in Fig. 4～9,12～14, utilize part to fuse into laser welding and engage the inner panel panel (for example thickness be 1mm) 25～29 of section abreast along vehicle lengthwise direction for the cap shape in each several part 21A, the 21B of outside plate 21, the inboard of 21C.That is to say that inner panel panel 25～29 extends along the length direction of vehicle, the weld line direction of described laser welding is consistent with the length direction of this vehicle.

As shown in Figure 4, in the inboard of the back part 21A of outside plate 21, along the length direction of the vehicle inner panel panel 25 that 4 sections to be set be the cap shape with extending.Each inner panel panel 25 is keeping the spacing ground configured in parallel of regulation up and down.On the inboard of vehicle window peripheral part 21B (outside plate), in the front and back of window peristome 22, from the downside inner panel panel 27 that to begin to be provided with in regular turn 26,4 sections of inner panel panel with two protuberances be the cap shape, have the inner panel panel 28 of two protuberances. Inner panel panel 26,27,28 all extends the spacing configured in parallel that ground keeps regulation up and down along vehicle lengthwise direction.In the inboard of the horizontal curtain plate portion 21C of outside plate 21, extend ground along the length direction of vehicle, keep the isolation distance of regulation to dispose two inner panel panels 29 abreast up and down.

In the front and back of the window peristome 22 of the car inboard of inner panel panel 25～29, in order to seek simplified structure, overlapping being arranged on perpendicular to the upwardly extending section in the side of inner panel panel 25～29 is the far post 31 of cap shape on inner panel panel 25～29.What the bottom of the flange portion of far post 31 by the molten bath connected inner panel panel 25～29 fuses into the main part that laser welding is engaged in inner panel panel 25～29 fully.Seek to improve side opening rigidity on every side with this.Far post 31 is cooresponding with above-mentioned the 2nd reinforcement, as Fig. 5 and shown in Figure 11, have section for the main part 31a of " コ " font and utilize method for laser welding on this main part 31a, to extend ground mutually in the opposite direction to connect, utilize method for laser welding to be bonded on flange portion 31b, 31c on the inner panel panel 25～29.

And for example shown in Figure 4, it is the window post 32 of cap shape that section is set in the bottom of window peristome 22.As shown in figure 10, this window post 32 also has section equally with above-mentioned far post 31 and extends the ground flange connecting 32b of portion, 32c for the main part 32a of " コ " font and on this main part 32a mutually in the opposite direction, and what flange portion 32b, 32c utilized that the bottom in molten bath connects inner panel panel 25 etc. fuses into the main part that method for laser welding is engaged in inner panel panel 25 etc. fully.

Above-mentioned inner panel panel 25～29 is corresponding with above-mentioned the 1st reinforcement 12 respectively, forms the shape that section is the cap shape as shown in Figure 6, to the open side interval of enlarged openings slowly.For example the inner panel panel 25, as shown in Figure 8, have the section that slowly enlarges to its interval of open side and extend the ground connection mutually in the opposite direction, utilize method for laser welding to be engaged in flange portion 25b, the 25c of described outside plate 21A for the main part 25a of " コ " font and on this main part 25a.

As shown in Figure 4, utilize the following side engagement waistband 33 of method for laser welding respectively, be with 34 at the horizontal curtain of last side engagement at window peristome 22.Waistband 33 and horizontal curtain are with 34 as Fig. 8 and shown in Figure 9, with above-mentioned inner panel panel 25～29 same formation cap shape sections, to the open side interval of enlarged openings slowly.Also have, 24A is a window frame, and 24B is a doorframe.

And for example shown in Figure 4, on 4 angles of window opening joint 37 is set respectively, relative with the joint of downside, clip far post 31 other joint 36 is set.

These inner panel panels 25～29 engage with outside plate 21, it is the inboard that inner panel panel 25～29 is overlapped in outside plate 21, mobile laser beam is on one side from inner panel panel 25～29 1 side Continuous irradiation laser beams on one side, to arrive the regional heat fused till the inside of outside plate 21, control the output of laser beam or the moving velocity of laser beam on one side, make the bottom in the molten bath of described heat fused formation not reach the lateral surface of outside plate 21, Yi Bian weld (part is fused into laser welding).Like this, by the joint form (part is fused into laser weld joint) of unified outside plate 21 and inner panel panel 25～29, can seek the stable of welding procedure.Again, the outer distortion of the face of outside plate 21 can improve the precision of cross dimensions because the support of the big framework of rigidity (inner panel panel 25～29, far post (family buttocks post) 31, window post 32 etc.) is arranged.

Outside plate 21 (21A～21C) all be lateral surface through with the vehicle lengthwise direction of the weld line direction almost parallel of described laser beam on implemented the tabular component of lapped finish (surface treatment).Described lapped finish preferably utilizes banded sharpner to carry out belt-sanding processing.Be the outside plate of the vehicle of common circuit in frequent use in Japan.When using for example SUS304#80BG material trial-production, with the output of the laser of 2.5kW to inner panel panel (thickness 1mm) and outside plate (thickness 1.5mm) when upper plate one side is welded, the relation of the tensile shear strength of the width at upper and lower plates junction surface and per unit weld length is confirmed to be relation as shown in figure 15.Hence one can see that as long as it is about 0.7mm that the control welding speed makes weld width w, just can guarantee needed bond strength (about shear tension intensity 5kN/cm).Also have, must want the thickness of slab of thickness ratio lower plate of upper plate little, burn otherwise can take place to weld, therefore according to various tests, think that the thickness that is necessary to make lower plate is that (for example upper plate is 1mm, and lower plate is 1.5mm for more than 1.5 times of thickness of upper plate, or upper plate is 1mm, and lower plate is 2mm).

Except top described, railway vehicle with the making of side framework as shown in figure 16, also can replace section with (section is that the inner panel panel of cap shape is connected to form) the inner panel panel that is concatenated to form concaveconvex shape is that the inner panel panel of cap shape carries out.

In this case, at first with the inboard of horizontal curtain plate portion, vehicle window peripheral part and the cooresponding outside plate 41A of back part, 41B, 41C on, utilize part to fuse into method for laser welding respectively, make horizontal curtain board outer plate panel 43A, vehicle window periphery outer plate panel 43B and the outer plate panel 43C of back portion along the length direction joint of vehicle and inner panel 42A, 42B, the 42C of the cooresponding prescribed level of described outside plate.In this case, the part of inner panel panel 42A～42C center dant (part that contacts with the medial surface of outside plate 41A～41C) is extended along the length direction of vehicle, and this part utilization is partly fused into method for laser welding and is engaged in outside plate 41A～41C.

Then, fuse into length direction joint horizontal curtain board, vehicle window periphery and the back portion outer plate panel 43A～43C of method for laser welding, form structure 49 ' along vehicle with the position relation utilization part of regulation.

, in up and down the utilize part of window peristome fuse into method for laser welding length direction joint horizontal curtain band 44A, 44B, waistband 45 along vehicle, form structure 49 " thereafter.And far post 46, window post 47, the doorframe 48 of the orthogonal directions of the length direction by engaged with vehicle guarantee necessary rigidity, forms side framework 49.

The 2nd example

Figure 20 is the block diagram of the rolling stock body structure of the present invention's the 2nd example.

As shown in figure 20, rolling stock body structure 301 has left and right sides framework 302, roof trusses 303, end, front and back framework 304 and underframe 305. Outside plate reinforcement 307A, 307B (the 3rd reinforcement) that side framework 302 has outside plate 306 and is engaged in the inboard of this outside plate 306, they utilize laser welding to engage (roof trusses 303 and end framework 304 are too).This outside plate reinforcement 307A (307B) have section for " コ " font 307Aa of portion of " コ " font and the continuous edges at two ends that is connected in this " コ " font 307Aa of portion at the upwardly extending installation portion 307Ab of mutually opposite side, 307Ac, constituting section is the shape of cap shape, in the part of this installation portion 307Ab, 307Ac, laser welding is in outside plate 306.

The laser irradiation device (not shown) that is used in laser welding is installed on the wrist of the manipulator with a plurality of joints.This multi-joint manipulator has a plurality of axles (for example 6 axles), should thin plates welded (for example under the state that outside plate 306 is fixed, can laser irradiation device be moved along predetermined weld line U.LASER FLASHLIGHT is installed on the laser irradiation device that carries out overlapping laser welding integrally and pushes means.This laser irradiation device forms the means of pushing (pressure roller 331) that for example have pressure roller and moves along weld line U, while the position of weld of pushing workpiece nearby from LASER FLASHLIGHT to position of weld irradiating laser light beam 312, while can guarantee the correctly structure of the focal length of maintenance laser beam of being close to of lap with this.

Again, outside plate 306 utilizes continuous laser welding method to engage with the edge member 308 (window frame, door shield plate etc.) of the peristome that is arranged at this outside plate 306 (window peristome S1, discrepancy peristome S2) periphery.In this case, joint can be that lap joints also can be an abutment joint.Also have, though not concrete diagram also utilizes continuous laser welding method to engage between the outside plate.

But, the in-plane stress component that takes place on outside plate 306 is decomposed into simple stress σ x, σ y and the shearing stress τ of track alignment and perpendicular direction, when vehicle being carried out stress analysis, infer that stress σ x, σ y, the τ of the corner portion that acts on window peristome S1 is approximately in the past

(σ?x、σ?y、τ)＝(130、50、35)〔MPa〕

During with stress σ x, the σ y of this deduction, the above-mentioned formula of τ substitution (11), infer that the theoretical value of the spacing b of the reinforcement 307A the corner portion of exit window peristome S1 near is approximately

b＝min(104，87，255)＝87mm

In fact, for safer on intensity, the spacing b of the outside plate reinforcement 307A the corner portion of window peristome S1 near is chosen to be 80mm.Like this, we can say that spacing b according to the outside plate reinforcement 307A of the interval definition of the weld line U of laser welding is the load burden of outside plate reinforcement 307A on the track alignment of extending according to the outside plate 307A buckling strength decision that reaches maximum place.

And as shown in figure 21, being decided to be 80mm (the width L2=50mm of cap) by interval L1 with laser welding (weld line U), the spacing b that can make above-mentioned outside plate reinforcement 307A is 80mm.Be arranged at the width L2 of cap of outside plate reinforcement at other positions of outside plate 306 and relative laser welding at interval L1 also utilize the method identical to set with method recited above.Specifically, for example the width L2 of the cap of outside plate reinforcement 307B is set at 70mm, and laser welding L1 at interval is set at 100mm.Again, the laser welding of adjacent outside plate reinforcement 307A, 307B interval L3 suitably sets according to the shape and size of outside plate reinforcement 307A, 307B and the interval L1 of above-mentioned laser welding etc.Here, above-mentioned interval L3 is set at 20～50mm.Again, the height H of above-mentioned outside plate reinforcement 307A, 307B is suitably set according to the outside plate 306 overall buckling strengths of side framework 302.Here, above-mentioned height H is set at 25mm.

But if the section form of outside plate reinforcement is set at each position of outside plate 306, then the kind of outside plate reinforcement becomes many.Thereby the section form with the outside plate reinforcement in this example is defined in above-mentioned two kinds.

Like this, near the width L2 (width of " コ " font part) of the cap of the outside plate reinforcement 307A that is provided with the last corner portion with the corner portion of above-mentioned window peristome S1 and gangway peristome S2 is set at 50mm, the width setup of cap that is arranged at the reinforcement 307B of other parts is 70mm, forms the side framework.Therefore, the stress of effect is big, and near the width of the cap of the last corner outside plate reinforcement 307A that is provided with of portion of the corner portion of the window peristome S1 that load burden is big, gangway peristome S2 is done to such an extent that ratio is little at the width of the cap of the outside plate reinforcement 307B of other positions settings.Also have,, then utilize the vertical bone that is provided with separately to strengthen for the out-of-plane bending of the direction vertical with track alignment.

But, between outside plate 306 and outside plate reinforcement 307A, 307B, form and close the space.As shown in figure 21, the part that the vicinity of outside plate 306 and/or outside plate reinforcement 307A, 307B is closed the space is not enhanced, therefore under the situation of the side framework of the more abominable load of acceptability condition etc., outside plate 306 might be buckled on the vertical direction of the direction that outside plate reinforcement 307A, 307B extend.For the part of the vicinity of above-mentioned outside plate 306 and/or outside plate reinforcement 307A, 307B being closed the space strengthens, also can engage on the outside plate 306 outside plate reinforcement 307A, 307B constitute close the space before outside plate 306 engaging small-sized reinforcement plate with the described cooresponding position, space of closing.And, also can adopt the structure shown in Figure 22 (a)～(c) in order to increase work efficiency.

Shown in Figure 22 (a),, can seek local the enhancing by being that the inside of the outside plate reinforcement 307 of cap shape is provided with the small-sized reinforcement 311 that section is the cap shape (the 4th reinforcement) at section in advance.That is to say, as long as configuration reinforcement 311 in outside plate reinforcement 307 ends, utilize welding method on weld line U, to engage the both sides 311a of reinforcement 311 in advance in " コ " of outside plate reinforcement 307 font portion 307a both sides, two reinforcements 307,311 are pre-formed one get final product.

If do like this, as long as then utilize method for laser welding that outside plate reinforcement 307 is engaged in outside plate 306, reinforcement 311 also just is installed on the outside plate 306, form the state that the peristome of outside plate reinforcement 307 is enhanced, therefore can not increase operation and make needed part obtain MIN enhancing.

And except above-mentioned enhancing, again can be shown in Figure 22 (b), by the opening 307b (or otch) that go up to be provided with at outside plate reinforcement 307 (head of " コ " font 307a of portion), utilize laser beam 312 (or spot welded welding gun) that laser welding uses that the bottom of reinforcement 311 is engaged in outside plate 306.By means of this, can further strengthen the buckling strength of outside plate 306.

Again, above-mentioned section is that the outside plate reinforcement 307A of cap shape normally becomes vee shape to make the plate material plastic working.But outside plate reinforcement 307A is owing to be two-dimensional cross-section, one peristome S1, S2 to side window or side gangway, the end of 307A had become to close the free end that section opened and (has referred to keep the end of identical section form at the specific upwardly extending member in side near outside plate strengthened, this open-ended, without any enhancing or three-dimensional processing), under the situation of the such state of maintenance, rigidity may die down.

Therefore, also can shown in Figure 22 (c), adopt the reinforcement 313 (end obturation) of the bulge 313b of the inner hollow that has base portion 313a and the middle body of this base portion 313a is implemented deep-draw moulding formation to replace above-mentioned outside plate reinforcement.Shown in Figure 22 (c), the whole week of its end of above-mentioned base portion 313a engages with outside plate 306 by means of laser welding along the weld line U shown in some locking wires.Can increase the buckling strength and the rigidity of the end of reinforcement 313 with this.If particularly adopt successive welding methods such as laser welding, then can stop up fully reinforcement 313 the end around, just do not form above-mentioned free edge, therefore can further increase the rigidity of the end of reinforcement 313 in the end of reinforcement 313.

Also have, adopting plastic working to become under the situation of material as the outside plate reinforcement of vee shape as mentioned above, preferably shown in Figure 23 (a), peripheral part at the peristome S1 of for example side window, the section that plate framework 314 in flat is positioned over outside plate reinforcement 307 is on " コ " font part 307a of " コ " font, utilize method for laser welding that they are engaged, (free edge) end of outside plate reinforcement 307 is bonded with each other.Like this may be than the end that is easier to strengthen outside plate reinforcement 307.

Can shown in Figure 23 (b), (c), adopt interior plate framework 315,316 to replace flat interior plate framework 314 again with height to a certain degree.In this case, section is connected in a side opposite with outside plate 306 for part 315b, the 316b of " L " font and laser welding in part 315a, the 316a of outside plate reinforcement 307.Make that with this rigidity of interior plate framework 315,316 is bigger than above-mentioned flat interior plate framework 314.Consequently, can further strengthen the rigidity of the end of outside plate reinforcement 307.

Said structure (with reference to Figure 23 (a)～(c)) not only can be used in the peripheral part of peristome S1 of the side window of outside plate 306, and can be used in the corner portion of other peristomes.

But, at such peristome, " コ " font 307a of portion of outside plate reinforcement 307 goes up under the situation that forms the free edge shown in Figure 23 (b), (c) on the interior plate framework 314 that is provided with, in shearing force is not easy to be dispersed on the plate framework 314, particularly at the corner of above-mentioned peristome portion undercapacity sometimes.

Therefore, preferably shown in Figure 24 (a), the 314a of foot that makes the main part of plate framework 314A in being connected in drops on the outside plate 306 from the main part extension of the interior plate framework 314A that " コ " font 307a of portion of outside plate reinforcement 307 is provided with, stop up the opening of the end of described outside plate reinforcement 307, will utilize the laser welding direct connect on outside plate 306 at flange portion 314b continuous on the direction perpendicular to the 314a of this foot.Like this, on interior plate framework 314, do not form the free edge shown in Figure 23 (b), (c), therefore can further improve the rigidity intensity of the end of outside plate reinforcement 307.This also can be used in the corner portion of peristome S1, if with around the interior plate framework 314A enhancing peristome S1 that 314a of foot and flange portion 314b are formed as one, then can further improve the intensity of the rigidity corner portion of peristome.

Also have, if the interior plate framework 314A that the edge of these peristomes S1 strengthens is installed after the outside plate reinforcement 307 that with section is the cap shape is engaged on the outside plate 306, plate framework 314A and the mutual interference mutually of following pressure roller in then can avoiding.

And can shown in Figure 24 (b), the cooresponding part 314c of the corner portion 14a of foot and peristome S1 among the interior plate framework 314B be utilized method formation curved shapes such as deep-draw moulding.Can access the interior plate framework 314B of the intensity of the corner portion that fully guarantees peristome S1 like this.

And, outside also being necessary further to increase the face of outside plate reinforcement 307 under the situation of rigidity, also can use the interior plate framework 314C with unequal pin section replace above-mentioned in plate framework 314A, 314B.Shown in Figure 24 (c), interior plate framework 314C has the 1st 314d of foot, does longlyer than the 1st 314d of foot perpendicular to this time ora terminalis continuous the 1st flange portion 314e, foot length, and the 2nd 314f of foot apart from the almost parallel configuration of its maintenance regulation, perpendicular to continuous the 2nd flange portion 314g of the following ora terminalis of the 2nd 314f of foot and cross over the last ora terminalis of the 1st 314d of foot and the 2nd 314f of foot between the horizontal part 314h that forms.The 1st flange portion 314e and the 2nd flange portion 314g extend on the direction that deviates from mutually.Interior plate framework 314C is formed on the 1st flange portion 314e is engaged in outside plate reinforcement 307 (" コ " font 307a of portion), the 2nd flange portion 314g is engaged under the state of outside plate 306, and " コ " font portion upper surface of horizontal part 314h and reinforcement 307 keeps the structure apart from the almost parallel configuration of regulation.By means of this, the outer rigidity of face of outside plate reinforcement 307 is increased.

In this case, also shown in Figure 24 (d), also can will form curved shape with the cooresponding part 314k of corner portion of peristome among the interior plate framework 314D.Can increase the intensity of the corner portion of peristome S1 like this.

If constitute as mentioned above, then (i) is owing to be used in laser welding the joint of various important documents, so can as existing structure, not descend owing to buckling or initially distorting between the spot-welded on point of outside plate makes buckling strength, can access the design-calculated buckling strength, thereby (ii), if spacing according to theory decision outside plate reinforcement, just there is no need on outside plate, to paste reinforcement plate, can reduce component number and man-hour like this, (iii) and because the kind analogy that outside plate strengthens much less in the past, have only two kinds, the parts cost of manufacture is minimized.(iv), have the advantages such as dimensional accuracy of seeking to improve parts easily also because the kind of parts is few.

But owing to utilize continuous laser welding method, no longer need leakproofing material as another part continuously with the continuous overlapping portion of joint of metallurgy mode, nor can because of its along with the time deterioration causes infiltration.This is because laser welding is different from flash welding, and energy density is high and the heat distortion can take place hardly.

Like this, utilization does not use leakproofing material only to carry out the continuous laser welding can guarantee the method for water tightness, even water pipe, downpipe are not set separately, also can only utilize the structural elements of skeleton to form water routes such as downpipe.

Specifically, the side outside plate utilizes method for laser welding to carry out with engaging of roof outside plate, but in this case, usually the antagonistic force when bearing laser welding, with a certain side in roof outside plate or the side outside plate or both sides' end bent, form sweep as the means that improve rigidity.For example shown in Figure 25 (a), the end of the side outside plate 306A (horizontal curtain plate) of side framework is crooked to the inside, and the antagonistic force when forming as open section to the enforcement laser welding of " コ " font downwards bears the sweep 306Aa of portion.The end of the roof outside plate 306B (long beam) of roof trusses is crooked laterally, and forming as the open section in top is the sweep 306Ba of the downpipe of " コ " font.The lower surface of the sweep 306Ba of the upper surface of the sweep 306Aa of side framework and roof trusses is overlapping, along weld line U both lap is carried out laser welding both are engaged.Can when guaranteeing rigidity, form downpipe portion (sweep 306Ba) like this.

Again can be shown in Figure 25 (b), with the range expansion of side framework roof outside plate (long beam) to side outside plate 306A (horizontal curtain plate) top, the end 306Ab of this side outside plate 306A is bent upward, the end 306Bb of the roof outside plate 306B that should engage simultaneously bends laterally, and it is born portion as antagonistic force.This antagonistic force bears portion owing to form open upward " コ " font section, so can use as downpipe like this.

And for example shown in Figure 26 (a) and (b), side framework and end framework are roughly the end corner post of " L " font in advance to the horizontal section that engages on the end outside plate 321 of end framework, it is born member as antagonistic force, utilize continuous laser welding method engage side outside plate 323.End outside plate 321 forms mutually orthogonal position relation with side outside plate 323.

This is, and for example shown in Figure 26 (a), be arranged on and end corner post 322 between constitute another member 324 that closes the space, can constitute the downpipe of rainwater being guided into the face of land from the roof like this.Like this, just the water pipe of rainwater being guided into the face of land from the roof needn't be set separately.End corner post 322 has the 1st panel part 322a that engages with end outside plate 321 and the 2nd panel part 322b that engages with side outside plate 323.Member 324 has the main part 324c of flange portion 324a, the 324b of the panel part 322a, the 322b that are engaged in end corner post 322 respectively and " く " font between them.Form the space of closing between this main part 324c and the end corner post 322 as water route (downpipe).

And for example shown in Figure 26 (b), also can between end corner post 322A and end outside plate 321, constitute and close the space.In this case, section is end outside plate 321 1 sides that space component part 322c is connected in end corner post 322A of closing of cap shape.The flange portion 322d, the 322e that close the both sides of space component part 322c utilize continuous laser welding method to be connected in end outside plate 321, guarantee water tightness.

Again, as shown in figure 27, side outside plate 323 and table frame (curb girder 325) bear member by the curb girder 325 with " コ " font section as antagonistic force, utilize the continuous laser welding method method joint of the bottom of engage side outside plate 323 (back) thereon.

On the side outside plate, shown in Figure 28 (a), the end of outside plate 323A, 323B is overlapped, or outside plate 323B and framing member 326 (edge member of peristome) is overlapped, both carry out the continuous laser welding to the above two or back, constitute lap joints with this.These are operated in before the framed joint with the state of each framework unit outside plate 323A, 323B or outside plate 323B and framing member 326 to be installed on and carry out continuous laser on the anchor clamps then and weld, and do not need that with this antagonistic force is set and bear member.Again, not only such lap joints shown in Figure 28 (b), (c), also can constitute the structure of abutment joint J1, overlapping angle welding line joint J2.

But utilizing continuous laser welding method with above-mentioned outside plate 323B and framing member 326 (peristome edge member) when being welded, the thickness of the sheet material of formation framing member 326 is with the thickness of slab same degree of outside plate 323B or than under its little situation, the surface of outside plate 323B can take place to weld harden (the cyan style that takes place during welding), knuckle, welding bead sometimes can take place connect.In this case, around peristome, can see welding mark, impair attractive in appearance.

Here, as shown in figure 29, the edge member 326 on the outside of window frame and door shield plate etc. can adopt than the big slab of outside plate 306 thickness.As the thickness of slab of the edge member 326 of the member on the outside so long as more than the 3mm, no matter surface-treated kind and state how, can make weld line U almost cannot see.

And for example shown in Figure 30, be involved in sheet material by the part that is formed in the lap joints that constitutes edge member 327, form the 327a of the portion that rolls in space in inside, even can make that connecting welding can outer surface not make a difference yet.The 327a of the portion that rolls like this can be by implementing the v-shaped bending plastic working, steel pipe carried out method such as plastic working and form with sheet material drawing and forming, rolling (roll) moulding or to sheet material.In this case, can not form the space yet and sheet material etc. is in contact with one another in the inside of rolling the 327a of portion.Also have, needn't one fix on the inside of rolling the 327a of portion and form the space, as long as bonding part edge member 327 and outside plate 306 forms the overlapping plates structure that flat board is bent to form.

If do like this, can suppress to keep water tightness when unnecessary weight increases, and can further improve the aesthetic property of appearance design.Again, roll portion if constitute like this, even then be necessary framework+outside plate+skeleton three overlapping, also because to roll the perforation possibility of portion little, so can the three carry out overlapping welding simultaneously.

If window frame for example also can adopt the outside plate of slab (more than the 3mm) as vehicle window periphery (blowing the portion of posting) as mentioned above, abolish window frame again.In this case, also can reduce component number.

But, shown in Figure 31 (a), when carrying out overlapping laser welding, correctly guarantee simultaneously the focal length of laser beam 312 to use the pressure roller 331 (about diameter 100mm) that moves with laser beam in order to ensure the close property of lap.This pressure roller 331 forms and can move with laser beam 312 when utilizing method for laser welding to be welded in reinforcement 307 on the outside plate 306, and the bonding part of reinforcement 307 is pressed on structure on the outside plate 306.

At this moment in a single day edge member 332 (frameworks of window frame, door shield plate etc.) is installed on the end of outside plate reinforcement 307, pressure roller 331 can make a difference to edge member 332, thereby laser welding can not proceed to the end continuously.For this reason, always be pressure roller 331 to be taken off again weld, so when needing to take a lot of work more.Otherwise, if after edge member 332 is installed on, then the situation that pressure roller 331 influences outside plate reinforcement 307 thereby can not construct sometimes can take place.

Therefore, shown in Figure 31 (a), also the part that can only pass through at pressure roller 331 is excised the part (flange 332a etc.) of edge member 332, forms the end notch 332b nearby that makes pressure roller 331 can enter into outside plate reinforcement 307 with this on edge member 332.Pressure roller 331 be can not take off like this and just in an operation, outside plate 306 and outside plate reinforcement 307 welded with method for laser welding rapidly and correctly.

And for example shown in Figure 31 (b), will have and push anchor clamps 333 greater than the length of the height of edge member 332 and be disposed on the outside plate reinforcement 307, also can with pressure roller 331 outside plate reinforcement 307 be pushed with anchor clamps 333 above the anchor clamps 333 from this.

If do like this, then have not hand by just can on outside plate 6, welding the advantage of outside plate reinforcement 307 on the structural elements up to the end.

Then, in order to obtain having the stainless steel insert of high precision and beautiful outer plate surface with comparalive ease, after utilizing continuous laser welding method assembling outer plate panel to the surface of outside plate with brush polishing or enforcement shot-ball peening, fine limit work is carried out on this surface.Perhaps also can after utilizing method for laser welding assembling framework, polish with brush or the enforcement shot-ball peening, it is carried out fine limit work outside plate.Can utilize color ribbon to cover weld line portion again.Also have, the joint of laser welding also can be that the overlapping welding of perforation, part are fused into any in overlapping welding, the butt joint welding.

If perhaps the thickness of outside plate 306 adopts more than the 3mm, then can with the surface treatment of outside plate, the orientation independent ground of weld line, weld line does not come across and carries out part on the outer plate surface and fuse into laser welding.

If do like this,, only implement the aesthetic property that welding sequence also can be guaranteed outside plate even then unreal using brushed post-processings such as polishing.

Again, as another embodiment, even the thickness of slab of outside plate adopts thickness in the past, the direction that also can make weld line is certain direction, particularly be unified in the length direction of car body at the side outside plate, like this, also can make its not obvious (inconspicuous) on the outer plate surface even there are some welding marks to come across.

In order to make the weld line that occurs on outside plate all is certain direction, in this example, employing engages outside plate and rectangular outside plate reinforcement (transversum) with method for laser welding, from it to " float bony structure " of the direction vertical with the outside plate reinforcement by main frame (vertical bone).

In this unsteady bony structure, in that vertical bone is intersected with transversum, utilize under the situation of method for laser welding joint, be close in order to ensure overlapping portion during joint, use above-mentioned pressure roller.If be positioned at the thickness of slab or the rigidity deficiency of flange of the vertical bone of upside, then the flange portion of vertical bone can not be guaranteed close property with the transversum deflection.In order to eliminate such situation, the large-scale anchor clamps of pushing need be set separately, production efficiency and cost are worsened.

Utilization makes the thickness of slab (2.5mm) that is positioned at top vertical bone thicker than being positioned at following transversum (1mm), or the end bent of flange that makes vertical bone is to guarantee countermeasure such as rigidity, also can eliminate the deflection of transversum even without large-scale jig, utilize easy pressure roller just can carry out the welding of this one, so production efficiency and cost are desirable.

Again, under the situation of cross part near the corner portion of side window or side gangway off-grade plate opening of transversum and vertical bone, between transversum and vertical bone, produce big shearing force easily, have only the joint of the narrow and small overlapping portion of flange of transversum and vertical bone sometimes can not guarantee intensity.

Therefore, the flange 341a of the vertical bone 341 of expansion constitutes tabular extension (hereinafter referred to as " the gusset portion ") 341b of angle brace shown in figure 32, can guarantee bonding area.In this case, preferably transversum (outside plate reinforcement 307) is extended to the end according to the shape of the opening corner portion of outside plate 306.

By above-mentioned gusset portion 341b is engaged with the extension of outside plate reinforcement 307, can constitute the solid angle fagging.Also have, this gusset portion 341b also can be vertical bone 341 another part in addition that is positioned at the top.Again, this gusset portion 341b preferably adopts method for laser welding with the engaging of extension of outside plate reinforcement 307.

If do like this, then can reduce the shearing force of overlapping generation of transversum (reinforcement 307) and vertical bone 341.And can utilize the solid angle fagging to alleviate the stress that produces on the outside plate 306.

Again, on the crevices such as lap of transversum (outside plate reinforcement 307), the overlapping portion that indulges bone 341 and transversum (outside plate reinforcement 307) and gusset portion 341b, use under the situation of laser welding, weld line U shortens discontinuously, therefore at such narrow part, also can be shown in Figure 33 (a), the optical axis rotation that makes laser beam is so that the closed weld line U1 (the ring-type welding about diameter 10～20mm) that constitutes ring-type of weld line.The diameter of ring is according to the suitably settings such as intensity of junction surface area and requirement.

If do like this, then also can guarantee long weld line U1 at narrow part, therefore can access necessary strength.Again, owing to do not weld the end, so also be not easy to chap.

Also have, when carrying out this ring-type welding, shown in Figure 33 (b),, then can guarantee to go up lower member and be close to, carry out appropriate laser welding if use the barrel-contoured anchor clamps 351 of pushing.

Figure 34 (a) is illustrated in an example of the structure that content product equipment class is installed on the side outside plate.Shown in Figure 34 (a), become railway line long track component 361 to utilize method for laser welding the sheet material bending process, or be installed on side outside plate 306 along the direction vertical with the length over ends of body direction along the length over ends of body direction.This track component 361 possesses the recess of the head that is installation portions 362 such as the special bolts of closing square toes, nut.Track component 361, the both sides of the both sides of its recess form double wall portion, by one piece of sheet material is bent to form, make installation portion extend in the opposite direction from the both ends of the lateral wall portion of this double wall portion.As the stool and the interior panel of content product equipment class, be installed on track component 361 be on the mounted apparatus 362 that closes.Carry out as mentioned above, content product, equipment class can be installed on the side outside plate.

Again, also can be shown in Figure 34 (b), with top described same on the transversum (rafter) 363 of roof trusses along length over ends of body direction attachment rail member 364, on this track component 364, be to close mounted apparatus 365.By means of this, can on the transversum 363 of roof trusses, hang as unit such as the top ceiling pipeline of content product equipment class and fluorescent lamps.

Also can shown in Figure 35 (a), between the base plate (corrugated steel plate) of platform frame 305,, stool (seat track) be installed along length over ends of body direction engage rail member 371.

Can shown in Figure 35 (b),, hang equipment class under the base plate on the track component 372 again with this with the crossbeam use of track component 372 seat platform frames.

In this case, track component is processed to form rail-like by means of drawing and forming or rolling and forming.This long track component utilizes method for laser welding to be installed on outside plate or the main frame.Also have, utilize laser means that track component is installed on the main frame here, but also can utilize flash welding or resistance spot welding method to replace this method that track component is installed on the main frame.

If do like this, the installation work-hour that then can seek to reduce component number, reduces two secondary members such as inner skeleton, the convenience that can seek the size management.

Again, if adopt above-mentioned drawing and forming, then can be track component is carried out high-precision forming work than the price of general extrusion forming considerably cheaper.Consequently, can be with the head embedding track component of high precision with mounted apparatus.

The assemble method of following offside framework and the side framework is divided into a plurality of unit makes utilizes method for laser welding that it is engaged the method that forms the side framework after these unit manufacturings and describes.

(1) in the 1st kind of method, shown in Figure 36 (a) and (b), make two kinds of side unit 381A, 381B, horizontal curtain plate unit 382 and door shield plate 383 respectively, thereafter with method for laser welding with these member engages, form side framework 384.In this case, also can assemble side unit 381A, 381B, horizontal curtain plate unit 382 with method for laser welding.

(2) in the 2nd kind of method, shown in Figure 37 (a) and (b), make side unit 381C, the 381D and the door shield plate 383 that comprise horizontal curtain board 381Ca, 381Da respectively, with method for laser welding these part bonding are formed side framework 385 thereafter.

Above-mentioned side unit 381C, 381D assemble with method for laser welding.The joint method of door shield plate 383 also is a laser welding.Joint method between horizontal curtain board 381Ca, the 381Da of side unit 381C, 381D adopts laser welding or flash welding.

(3) in the 3rd kind of method, shown in Figure 38 (a) and (b), make side unit 381C, 381D that comprises horizontal curtain board 381Ca, 381Da and the door shield plate 383A that extends to horizontal curtain board respectively, with method for laser welding these part bonding are formed side framework 386 thereafter.The part that extends to horizontal curtain board of door shield plate 383A is positioned at the horizontal curtain board 381Ca of side unit 381C, 381D, the outside of 381Da.

Above-mentioned side unit 381C, 381D assemble with method for laser welding.Joint method between horizontal curtain board 381Ca, the 381Da of the joint method of door shield plate 383A, side unit 381C, 381D as mentioned above.

(4) in the 4th kind of method, shown in Figure 39 (a) and (b), make the side unit 381E, the 381F that comprise horizontal curtain board 381Ea, 381Fa and half-open door shield plate 381Ea, 381Fa respectively, with method for laser welding side unit 381E, 381F are engaged thereafter and form side framework 387.

Above-mentioned side unit 381E, 381F assemble with method for laser welding.

If do like this, then can improve the speed of application of side framework 384～387, improve the aesthetic property of side outside plate, guarantee water tightness and do not have sealing, help improving dimensional accuracy.

But, the assemble method of above-mentioned side unit 381A～381F, for example, as shown in figure 40, the side outside plate is divided into back 141A, blows and post plate (member around the window) 141B, horizontal curtain plate 141C, utilize method for laser welding to engage outside plate reinforcement 142A～142C on each outside plate 141A～141C, make central plane plate 143A, blow and post panel 143B, horizontal curtain panel 143C.

At this moment constitute lap joints in the flange portion of outside plate 141A and outside plate reinforcement 142A, as Figure 41 (a) (b) (c) (d) shown in, utilize the part that begins from outside plate 141A, outside plate reinforcement 142A one side to fuse into laser welding both engaged.Engaging too of the flange portion of outside plate 141B, 141C and outside plate reinforcement 142B, 142C.Also have, window frame (not shown) utilizes method for laser welding to be engaged in to blow equally in advance posts plate 141B.

Blow on the following ora terminalis of the following ora terminalis of posting plate 141B and horizontal curtain plate 141C choking portion is set, the lower end of blowing the upper end of the choking portion of the following ora terminalis of posting plate 141B and back 141A and horizontal curtain plate 141C with blow the upper end of posting plate 141B and form lap joints, utilize method for laser welding that this part is welded, form side unit 121 (with reference to Figure 42) with this.Also have, 122 is the window peristome, and 123 is door opening portion.

Utilize method for laser welding will be positioned at the waistband 145 of above-mentioned lap joints portion again, horizontal curtain band 144A, a 144B are engaged in outside plate (with reference to Figure 43).At this moment, because the existence of waistband 145, horizontal curtain band 144A, 144B, if can dispose waistband 145, horizontal curtain band 144B, 144C, it is not counteracted with blowing to post panel 143B or blow the laser welding construction of posting panel and horizontal curtain panel central plane plate 143A, then also can in advance waistband 145, horizontal curtain band 144A, a 144B are engaged in to blow and post on the plate 141B.

Then, utilize method for laser welding engages near post (family elder generation post) 146A, far post (family buttocks post) 146B, single suspension mast 146C on the head of outside plate reinforcement 142A each vertical post 146 (and Figure 43) with reference to Figure 40, Figure 41 (d).At this moment also can be short weld line, perhaps if the weld line of ring-type then bond strength is more stable.Also have, 148 is doorframe.

Can finish the making (with reference to Figure 44) of side unit 121 with method for laser welding engagement angle fagging 150A～150D in the joint portion of waistband 145, horizontal curtain band 144A, 144B and far post 146B and nearby at last.

And the manufacture method of above-mentioned side unit also can be used in the making of framework unit, end, roof unit, platform frame unit.

Under the situation of making the roof trusses unit, utilize continuous laser welding method that the roof outside plate is bonded with each other, utilize method for laser welding that rafter is engaged with the roof outside plate from outside plate one side then.At this moment roof trusses is highly attractive in appearance owing to not requiring, so welding can or partly fuse into welding even laser welding is perforation.

Under the situation of platform frame unit, curb girder utilizes method for laser welding or resistance spot welding method to engage with crossbeam across corner plate and makes frame set, and the base plate of corrugated steel plate engages with the laser welding that the crossbeam utilization comes from the base plate side then.At this moment platform frame bottom and base plate face be owing to become dead angle or hidden portion after car body is finished, thus do not require attractive in appearance, so laser welding be connect welding or part fuse into welding can.

Then, these left and right sides unit, roof unit, platform frame unit and end, front and back unit by using Figure 25～method shown in Figure 37 engages, and is assembled into rolling stock body structure.

Also have, above-mentioned example is an example, in the scope of not damaging main idea of the present invention various changes can be arranged, and the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned example.

Claims (18)

1. rolling stock body structure, comprise the side framework, the inboard that described side framework has outside plate, be connected in this outside plate makes outside plate strengthen the 3rd reinforcement of rigidity, part or all of the 3rd reinforcement is disposed on the length direction of car body, described the 3rd reinforcement is engaged on the described outside plate with laser welding, it is characterized in that

To be decomposed into simple stress σ x, σ y and the shearing stress T of length over ends of body direction and perpendicular direction at the in-plane stress component that described outside plate takes place, setting is by the spacing of the reinforcement of the interval of the weld line of described laser welding definition, so that these stress buckling below the force value in the formula decision of formula of being buckled by Euler and plasticity correction.

2. rolling stock body structure, comprise the side framework, the inboard that described side framework has outside plate, be connected in this outside plate makes outside plate strengthen the 3rd reinforcement of rigidity, part or all of the 3rd reinforcement is disposed on the length direction of car body, described the 3rd reinforcement is engaged on the described outside plate with laser welding, it is characterized in that

By the spacing of described the 3rd reinforcement of the interval definition of the weld line of described laser welding, the buckling strength that reaches maximum place according to the load burden of described the 3rd reinforcement on the direction that described the 3rd reinforcement extends is set.

3. rolling stock body structure, comprise the side framework, the inboard that described side framework has outside plate, be connected in this outside plate makes outside plate strengthen the 3rd reinforcement of rigidity, the 3rd reinforcement is disposed on the track alignment, described the 3rd reinforcement is engaged on the described outside plate with laser welding, it is characterized in that

Described the 3rd reinforcement, its section is the cap shape, has the ora terminalis that section is roughly " コ " font portion of " コ " font and is connected in this " コ " font portion, is set to extend in the opposite direction, two the mounting flange portions of laser welding on described outside plate

Make the width of " コ " font portion of described the 3rd reinforcement littler than the width of " コ " font portion of the 1st member that is arranged at other parts.

4. according to each described rolling stock body structure among the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that,

Described the 3rd reinforcement, its section is the cap shape, has the ora terminalis that section is roughly " コ " font portion of " コ " font and is connected in this " コ " font portion, is set to extend in the opposite direction mutually, two the mounting flange portions of laser welding on described outside plate

Described the 3rd reinforcement is installed the 4th reinforcement that improves the rigidity of being somebody's turn to do " コ " font peristome in advance in " コ " font portion.

5. rolling stock body structure according to claim 4 is characterized in that, forms at the head of " コ " of described the 3rd reinforcement font portion and utilizes laser welding described the 4th reinforcement to be welded in peristome or the notch of using on the described outside plate.

6. according to each described rolling stock body structure among the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, described the 3rd reinforcement has the laser welding utilized and is engaged in the bulge of the inside of base portion on the described outside plate and this base portion bulging relatively for hollow, and the end is blocked.

7. according to each described rolling stock body structure among the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that,

In the corner portion that is formed at the peristome on the described outside plate, utilize laser welding plate framework in the engaged at end of described the 3rd reinforcement, the end of described the 3rd reinforcement is interconnected.

8. rolling stock body structure according to claim 7 is characterized in that, described the 3rd reinforcement utilizes method for laser welding to engage with interior plate framework, and makes its weld line closure.

9. according to each described rolling stock body structure among the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that,

The periphery of the peristome that forms on described outside plate is provided with edge member,

On this edge member, can move with laser beam when being formed on described the 3rd reinforcement laser welding on described outside plate, the notch that the pressure roller on outside plate can enter is pushed in the bonding part of the 3rd reinforcement.

10. according to each described rolling stock body structure among the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that,

Described the 3rd reinforcement, its section is the cap shape, has the ora terminalis that section is roughly " コ " font portion of " コ " font and is connected in this " コ " font portion, is set to extend in the opposite direction mutually, two the mounting flange portions of laser welding on described outside plate

Described the 3rd reinforcement is side engagement inner panel framework outside as the end of free edge,

In described plate framework have " コ " font portion that is connected in described the 3rd reinforcement main part, be connected in this main part, in the upwardly extending foot in side of stopping up described end and be connected in this foot, the flange portion that engages with described outside plate.

11. according to each described rolling stock body structure of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that,

Described the 3rd reinforcement is side engagement inner panel framework outside as the end of free edge,

Plate framework has the 1st flange portion that engages with " コ " font portion of described the 3rd reinforcement, the 2nd flange portion that engages with described outside plate, extends to the 1st and the 2nd foot of identical height in parallel to each other and the last ora terminalis of the 1st and the 2nd foot is joined together from the 1st and the 2nd flange portion in described, the horizontal part that extends in parallel with described outside plate.

12. according to each described rolling stock body structure among the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, in the side outside plate of side framework or the roof outside plate of roof trusses any one or boths', the end edge portion that extends on the length direction of car body has the warpage part, divides described side outside plate and roof outside plate to utilize continuous laser welding method to engage at this joggling part.

13. rolling stock body structure according to claim 12 is characterized in that, described warpage part forms open upward section on described roof outside plate be the shape of " コ " font.

14. according to each described rolling stock body structure among the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, the end outside plate of end framework engages by the end corner post that section is roughly " L " font with the side outside plate of side framework, and makes the outside plate of joint form the quadrature joint

Be provided with continuous laser and be engaged in described end corner post, and constitute another member close the space between it, or form on the corner post of described end with described end outside plate between formation close the space close the space component part,

Play as the effect of rainwater being guided into the downpipe on the face of land from described roof in the described space of closing.

15. according to each described rolling stock body structure among the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, the outside face of described outside plate implemented to handle with brush polishing or shot-blasting surface.

16. according to each described rolling stock body structure among the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, the long track component that is processed as " コ " font section is installed on the inboard of described outside plate, and having by use is installation screw rod installation content product or the equipment that closes in the head of described track component.

17. according to each described rolling stock body structure among the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, described outside plate, described the 3rd reinforcement of its wall ratio is thick, adopts the above wall thickness of 3mm.

18. according to each described rolling stock body structure among the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, at the peripheral arranged outside edge member of the peristome that is formed at described outside plate,

Described edge member, itself and described outside plate engaging portion form the overlapping plates structure that dull and stereotyped warpage is formed, and begin to carry out laser welding from described outside plate one side.

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