CN1014154B - Improved quench ring for gasifier - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a gas generator whose combustion chamber is communicated with a cooling area. A discharged gas stream and slag are transmitted to a cooling trough by an immersion pipe through an erect guiding passage. A segmented cooling ring is connected with a pressurizing cooling liquid source such as water for guiding cooling liquid to the guiding surface of the immersion pipe so that the immersion pipe is in a moist state. The assembly mode of each manifold type ring segment of the cooling ring makes the segments have side gaps. Shielding plates are arranged on the gaps so that the sizes of the gaps can respond to the heat expansion and the cold contraction of each manifold type ring segment.

Description

Improved quench ring for gasifier

Burn or partial oxidation comes in the process of production valuable gases at the carbonaceous fuel that passes through, the most effectively reaction process is carried out under the high temperature and high pressure condition.For example, when adopting Powdered coal or coke to come the production valuable gases, its reaction process is preferably within 2400-2600 temperature range and 5-250 atmospheric pressure range carries out.

The temperature variation on a large scale that is occurred in severe condition in the above-mentioned production process, the especially production process forces the mass part of gasifier or reactor to produce rapid strain.Wherein be the influence of production process the most significantly to metalwork.

A kind of improvement that involved in the present invention is to the gasifier structure is more specifically said so to the improvement of air ring and dipping tube structure.On function, above-mentioned parts need be operated under the highest temperature condition, because from the hot product gas of combustion chamber direct and these parts are contacted.

Authorized people U.S.P.4218423 United States Patent (USP)s such as Robin on August 19th, 1980 a kind of air ring and dipping tube are provided.By adopting technical scheme of the present invention, can make improvement to them.Yet industry member has realized that air ring will carry cooling fluid on the other hand again near the gas of heat on the one hand, and the mechanical stress that is created in therefrom on the air ring has caused the defective that always exists for a long time for the gasifier structure.

The difficulty of coming owing to hot conditions generally is presented as little breakage and the crack of appearance on air ring.These the easiest sharp corners that appear at that break are because all can strengthen in such position mechanical stress or thermal stresses.

In addition, owing to expanding with heat and contract with cold of air ring, the air ring of the annular that adopts usually can produce strain usually.

In order to overcome the above-mentioned shortcoming that such gasifier is common existence, the present invention proposes a kind of knockdown dipping tube and air ring, their installation site can reduce the common thermal stresses that is produced greatly with interconnecting in gasification.In addition, the air ring that is connected with water coolant is divided into a plurality of ring sections, and they fit together and form a kind of ring structure.What have conductively-closed between corresponding ring section carries out refrigerative expansion junction with water.

An object of the present invention is to provide a kind ofly, wherein drench dipping tube by an air ring that fills cooling fluid through the improved gasifier that is used for the production valuable gases.

Another object of the present invention is for gasifier provides a kind of liquid-cooling system, and this system can reduce greatly owing to air ring with from the hot gas of the gasifier combustion chamber high temperature that the causes thermal stresses in the air ring that is caused that expands that contacts.

A further object of the present invention provides a kind of gasifier cooling system, and a kind of novel sectional type air ring that fills water wherein has been installed, and it can also cool off dipping tube when reducing built-in thermal stress.

Accompanying drawing 1 is the longitudinal sectional view of gasifier as described in the present invention;

Accompanying drawing 2 is partial enlarged views of accompanying drawing 1;

3 sectional views of accompanying drawing along 3-3 line in the accompanying drawing 1.

Say that roughly in order to reach purpose of the present invention, accompanying drawing 1 provides a kind of being used for that solid or liquid carbonaceous fuel are carried out partially combusted gasifier or reactor.The result of reaction will produce a kind of useful gas and some hot effluents, and described effluent is thin ash and gaseous phase usually.Gasifier or reactor are installed in refractory liner in advance with in the adiabatic housing, and it is in erect position, so that make the hot gas that is produced form the air-flow that flows downward.

Combustion chamber among the housing receives the pressurized fuel mixed stream of being sent here by fuel injection burner, and burner is with carbonaceous fuel source and provide the combustion-supporting gas source such as oxygen or air to link to each other.This mixed stream preferably sprays with a kind of form of liquid slurry.

Be positioned at the intravital narrowed throat of gasifier shell by the hot product that burning produced of carrying out in the combustion chamber by one, so that cool off in the liquid tank in a cooling room.

For the ease of the circulation of the eluting gas that comes autoreactor throat, adopted a dipping tube hot product has been imported in the liquid tank.This dipping tube is on the roughly axial position, and matches with the air ring of a sectional type.This air ring receives the liquid coolant such as water, makes it to flow along the spigot surface of the exposure of dipping tube.While makes it to be attached on this surface by means of the impact of the gas products of heat.

Referring to accompanying drawing 1, gasifier or reactor 10 comprise a microscler metal shell 11 as described in the present invention, and the latter is on the upright or vertical position usually.This housing has a combustion chamber 12 in the top.The working temperature (2400-2600) that is produced in order to bear in gasification, the adiabatic inwall 13 that provides one deck to make for combustion chamber 12 by high-temperature refractory.

A combustion jet burner 14 is positioned at the top or the top of housing 12, is used for the carbonaceous fuel mixture is sprayed into combustion chamber 12 by fuel source 16.As previously mentioned, fuel with mix mutually in certain proportion from the combustion-supporting gas such as oxygen or air of pressurized gas source 17 after, spray into the combustion chamber together.

The present invention can be applicable to the gasifier of the various carbonaceous fuels of incendivity.For the ease of this device and new-type air ring provided by the present invention are described, supposition burner 14 links to each other with coke fuel source 16 below.This solid combustion is worn into required powder, add enough moisture content then, make it to become the liquid slurry.Suppose that the gas under pressure that combustion-supporting gas source 17 is provided is an oxygen.

The bottom of combustion chamber 12 is formed by intilted adiabatic base plate 18.This intilted shape helps the solid that produced by combustion chamber 12 and the discharge of gas products and aqueous slag.

The lower end of housing 11 has a cooling room or cooled region 19, and the hot product that burning is produced directly feeds this chamber.In cooling room, hot product contacts with the cooling fluid of being made up of water usually 21.Cooling fluid can be recycled and cool off, but does not show in this point diagram.

After gas ingredients in the combustion prod is cooled, flow through an outlet opening 22 that is positioned on the housing 11 in cooling tank 21.Effluent air can further be handled in the equipment of postorder and operation.

Combustion chamber 12 and cooled region or cooling room 19 are connected by the narrowed throat 23 that forms on combustion chamber soleplate 18.In order to improve the cooling efficiency to effluent, cooling room has and is roughly dipping tube 24 cylindraceous, and its upper limb 26 is positioned near on the position of narrowed throat 23, and lower edge 27 extend under the surface of cooling fluid 21.

Dipping tube 24 is installed within the cooling room 19, its columnar inwall for heat gas and other formed a guiding channel 28 from throat's 23 effusive hot product.When high pressure gas are introduced into cooling fluid 21, when passing the water surface and flowing through outlet opening 22 in the bubble mode then, its temperature has just reduced significantly.

Can know according to prior art, by dipping tube 24 with the contacted surface of gas on provide one deck stable moisture film, will help gas stream and cross, and alleviate the cause thermal damage of gas greatly dipping tube by dipping tube 24 formed gas guiding channels 28.For this reason, introduce one pressurised stream, allow it flow downward, flow at last in the cooling tank 21 along the inwall of dipping tube in the upper end of dipping tube 24.

Existing art water discloses the technology of effluent guiding dipping tube, and discloses and be used for continuously the device that contact or guiding surface with dipping tube drench.Yet, as described in this manual, know from experience the such structure of damage from narrowed throat 23 effusive High Temperature Gas.In this respect, the most affected is the air ring 29 adjacent with dipping tube 24.

In scheme provided by the present invention, dipping tube 24 is installed on the position of approximate vertical, and its upper limb 26 is near narrowed throat 23 and preferably coaxial with throat 23.Can support dipping tube 24 by a loop bracket or several carriages or supporter 33, this carriage or supporter are contained on the wall of housing 11, perhaps are contained on the base plate 18 of combustion chamber 12 down.

Air ring 29 preferably is roughly toroidal as shown in Figure 2 like that.Therefore, air ring can be made the steel manifold that has than the shell wall, and it can carry cooling-water flowing, can support dipping tube 24 again simultaneously.

Referring to accompanying drawing 2, sectional air ring 29 has the toroidal of being roughly, and it is made up of a plurality of ring section or manifold segments separated from one another, and for example 31 and 32.By fastening piece 30, each ring section is fixed on one or more support racks 33 independently of one another.Said carriage extends outwardly, and its periphery is fixed on the housing 11 of gasifier.When being in cold state, the expansion clearance or the space that between each is to adjacent ring section 31 and 32, have a common radially to extend.

Each air ring section, for example 31, all have the metal shell that is welded, it has upper wall 36 and lower wall 37.Opposed end plate 38 and 38 ' determined a paring chamber or inner chamber 41 and one second or discharge side 42.Above-mentioned two chambers communicate with each other by at least one interconnection 52.

With regard to its function, inner chamber 41 is connected with the pressurization cooling water source by some conduits 39 along the air ring peripheral distribution.Interconnection 52 is guided to discharge side 42 with water coolant, by narrow annular delivery port 49 water coolant is arranged to dipping tube 24 by discharge side 42 then.

When not work of gasifier 10, when the temperature of cooling room 19 was enough low, expansion clearance 34 had a very little width.Yet along with the carrying out of gasification, combustion chamber 12 will be heated to 2400-2500 working temperature.The ejecta of heat also will heat cooling room 19 thereupon, and the temperature of air ring 29 is raise.This temperature variation will make air ring outwards expand.Its result not only can increase the diameter of sectional type air ring, but also can reduce gap 34 between the adjacent ring section gradually, contact each other until corresponding ring section, how 19 interior temperature rise no matter ideal situation is cooling room, all keep certain clearance or opening 34.

Each the ring piece housing two ends have Closed end plate 38 and 38 ', they have formed first chamber that is used to be filled with water or inner chamber 41 and adjacent with it second chamber or discharge side 42.In order to reduce the thermal expansion of respective rings section,, be preferably in one or more water vents 43 all are provided on two end plates at least one end plate 38.This water vent is used for making water coolant to impact on the adjacent end sheet surface of adjacent ring section.On first and second chambers 41,42, all provide such water vent, thereby can make the whole side of each ring section all obtain cooling by the impact of water coolant.

As previously mentioned, during heating reach its peaked real work with the temperature of 12 li of combustion chambers during, the air ring 29 of sectional type will expand.For this reason, 34 places, gap between the adjacent ring section provide shielding slab 44 so that form one movably or adjustable barrier, are used to prevent that gas or slag from entering gap 34.

For the gap between two adjacent ring sections 31 and 32 provides a cover plate or shielding slab 44, thereby formed a barrier, be used to prevent that gas or slag from entering gap 34.

If slag granules enters above-mentioned gap, will influence the required relative movement of formation between corresponding ring section 31 and 32.In one embodiment, shielding slab 44 also will comprise the metal strip of a long strip shape, and its shape is consistent with the profile phase of air ring 29 upper faces.Like this, when the horizontal component 46 of shielding slab 44 is fixed to a ring section 31, just can slidably cover the respective upper surfaces of adjacent ring section 32.Similarly, the shape of the direct part 47 of shielding slab 44 enables to protect the outer side surface and the lower edge part thereof of being exposed to of air ring section.

As previously mentioned, shielding slab 44 extends back along the upper surface of ring section 31, so shielding slab has just played movable effect of going up barrier for the gap with variable-width 34 of having injected cooling fluid.This will control or reduce the expansion of adjacent ring section, prevent that them from forming heat exchange contact.

In another embodiment of the invention, the result who only manages air ring 29 thermal expansions can not constitute a kind of lasting operational issue, and dipping tube 24 can be similarly in advance to cut apart.When such dipping tube partly fits together, just formed the guiding channel 28 that hot effluent flows downward.Under these circumstances, the gap shielding slab can extend downwards, covers the gap between the corresponding dipping tube edge partly.

From structure and as shown in Figure 3, dipping tube can by the support of air ring section and and the air ring piece housing make an integral body.As shown in the figure, cooling fluid can constantly flow to the internal surface of dipping tube by narrow annular opening 49 or be exposed on the outer surface.

Not hard to imagine, within flesh and blood of the present invention and scope, can also make some improvement and variation to above-mentioned embodiment.Protection scope of the present invention only is subjected to the restriction of claims.

Claims (7)

1, a kind ofly produce the gasifier (10) of valuable gases by carbonaceous fuel being carried out partial combustion, it comprises a gasifier housing (11), and a combustion chamber (12) is arranged in the housing; One is ejected into burner (14) among the combustion chamber with carbonaceous fuel; In above-mentioned housing and below the above-mentioned combustion chamber, a cooled region (19) is arranged, a tank (21) is wherein arranged; A throat (23) that is communicated with above-mentioned combustion chamber (12) and cooled region (19); The dipping tube of a definite flowing-path (24), the hot type that is used for being made up of gas that produces and particulate state ejecta goes out the logistics body and introduces above-mentioned tank from above-mentioned throat; An air ring (29) that is installed in above-mentioned dipping tube top; It is characterized in that above-mentioned air ring (29) is made up of the manifold ring sections (31,32) of plurality of separate, they are combined, and form an annular effluent passage; The edge of each isolating manifold ring sections (31) and adjacent manifold ring sections (32) on side direction from a distance, thereby form a gap between them, each manifold ring sections has the relief outlet (49) that an inner cavity chamber that links to each other with liquid coolant sources (41,42) and align with above-mentioned dipping tube (24) and is used for providing to dipping tube cooling fluid; One shielding slab (44) is installed on each isolating manifold ring sections (31), is used to stride across the edge of above-mentioned manifold ring sections (31), combines with adjacent manifold ring sections 32, and formation can prevent that ejecta from entering the barrier in above-mentioned gap.

2, gasifier as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, it comprises that at least one is installed in the carriage (33) on the above-mentioned housing, and this carriage is supported at least one menifold ring section (31).

3, gasifier as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, each menifold ring section comprises a housing (31,32) and one first chamber (41) supported by above-mentioned carriage (33), described first chamber is positioned within the above-mentioned housing and with the pressurized cooling fluid source and links to each other, and has the side end panel (38) that is oppositely arranged with the close two ends of adjacent menifold ring section.

4, gasifier as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, forms apocenosis passage (43) in above-mentioned two side end panel that are oppositely arranged accordingly.

As the described gasifier of any one claim among the claim 1-4, it is characterized in that 5, described dipping tube (24) is installed in the below of described air ring (29).

6, as the described gasifier of any one claim among the claim 1-4, it is characterized in that, second chamber (42) that each menifold ring section (31,32) comprises a main chamber that links to each other with liquid coolant sources (41) and is connected with above-mentioned main chamber, the device in second chamber (49) has formed described relief outlet.

7, gasifier as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, second chamber (42) that each menifold ring section (31,32) comprises a main chamber that links to each other with cooling fluid (41) and is connected with above-mentioned main chamber, the device in second chamber (49) has formed described relief outlet.